内容正文:
高中英语(人教版)必修一 Unit 1 Teenage Life
第三课时(Discovering Useful Structures)课后练习
—— Phrases: NP / AdjP / AdvP ——
满分:100分 建议用时:40分钟 难度系数:0.65—0.75 命题人:【教师姓名】 审核人:【教研组长】
一、作业设计说明
1. 学情分析
本课时授课对象为高一学生,已完成本单元 Reading and Thinking 部分的学习,对 challenge, recommend, schedule, responsible 等核心词汇有初步掌握。在语法层面,学生在初中阶段已接触过名词、形容词、副词的基本用法,但对"短语"这一语法概念较为陌生,尤其难以区分名词短语(NP)、形容词短语(AdjP)和副词短语(AdvP)的结构与功能。常见困惑包括:无法准确判断短语的中心词、混淆前置修饰与后置修饰、难以分析短语在句中的成分功能。基于以上学情,本作业在题型设置上从"识别"到"运用"层层递进,注重在真实语境中巩固短语结构知识,并对接新高考语法填空与写作题型。
2. 教学目标
(1)语言能力:掌握名词短语(NP)、形容词短语(AdjP)、副词短语(AdvP)的结构与功能;能准确识别并运用 extra-curricular, confident, focus, explanation, improve 等核心词汇。
(2)学习能力:通过观察、对比、归纳,自主发现三类短语的结构规律;运用短语知识分析句子成分,提升语法分析能力。
(3)思维品质:在短语识别与运用中培养逻辑思维;在书面表达中有意识地运用多样化短语,提升语言表达的丰富性。
(4)文化意识:通过"青少年校园生活"主题语境,了解中外学生在课外活动选择上的异同,树立积极向上的学习态度。
3. 分层作业设计
本作业按 A、B、C 三个层次设计,体现"保底—发展—挑战"的梯度:A 层(基础题,30分)面向全体学生,考查短语类型识别与核心词汇运用,确保人人过关;B 层(中等题,40分)面向大多数学生,考查短语在语篇中的运用及阅读理解能力,对接新高考题型;C 层(提升题,30分)面向学有余力的学生,考查短语的综合运用与书面表达能力。建议教师根据学情选讲,学生独立完成后对照答案与解析进行自主订正。
4. 命题双向细目表
题号
题型
分值
考查内容
能力层级
难度
I 1—5
短语类型识别
10
NP/AdjP/AdvP 结构辨析
理解
易
II 6—10
词汇运用
10
核心词汇词形变化
识记
易
III 11—15
单项选择
10
短语功能+词序+形式主语
应用
中
IV 16—20
七选五
10
语篇逻辑与衔接
分析
中
V 1—10
语法填空
15
词性转换+非谓语+短语
应用
中
VI 21—25
阅读理解
15
细节/推理/词义/主旨
分析·评价
中
VII 26—30
完成句子
10
短语中英转换
应用
中
VIII
书面表达
20
应用文(书信:提高英语写作)
创造
较难
5. 易错点提示
(1)名词短语的中心词是名词,而非修饰语,学生易将修饰语误判为中心词。
(2)形容词短语以形容词为中心词,副词短语以副词为中心词,学生易混淆两类短语。
(3)"with + 名词"结构作后置定语属于名词短语的一部分,学生易遗漏。
(4)extremely, quite, really 等程度副词可修饰形容词或副词,需根据中心词判断短语类型。
(5)improve 的名词形式为 improvement,学生易误写为 improvment。
二、基础题(30分)
I. 短语类型识别(共5小题;每小题2分,满分10分)
判断下列各句中画线部分的短语类型(NP:名词短语 / AdjP:形容词短语 / AdvP:副词短语),并将答案填写在题号后的横线上。
1. My English teacher gave me a very useful suggestion on how to improve my writing.
短语类型:______________
2. The students in the Debate Club are extremely confident about the upcoming competition.
短语类型:______________
3. She speaks English quite fluently after studying abroad for two years.
短语类型:______________
4. The tall boy with glasses is the captain of our school basketball team.
短语类型:______________
5. Adam worked really hard to make up for the lessons he had missed.
短语类型:______________
II. 词汇运用(共5小题;每小题2分,满分10分)
根据句意及首字母或中文提示,写出单词的正确形式。
6. The school has organized various e________ activities to enrich students’ life after class.
7. She is a very c________ student who always asks questions in class.
8. We should f________ on our studies and avoid being distracted by social media.
9. The teacher gave us a detailed e________ of the grammar rules.
10. He made a careful plan to i________ his English speaking skills.
III. 单项选择(共5小题;每小题2分,满分10分)
从A、B、C、D四个选项中,选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
11. The girl ______ is my new classmate who transferred from another school.
A. with long black hair
B. has long black hair
C. having long black hair
D. with long black hairs
12. After the meeting, the students felt ______ about the upcoming competition.
A. confidently and excitedly
B. confident and excited
C. confident and excitedly
D. confidently and excited
13. The teacher spoke ______ so that everyone in the back row could hear clearly.
A. enough loud
B. loud enough
C. loudly enough
D. enough loudly
14. ______ is important for teenagers to develop good study habits.
A. This
B. That
C. It
D. What
15. The book ______ is very popular among senior high school students.
A. writing by a famous author
B. written by a famous author
C. wrote by a famous author
D. to write by a famous author
三、中等题(40分)
IV. 七选五(共5小题;每小题2分,满分10分)
根据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Developing good study habits is essential for every high school student. 16. ______ However, with proper strategies, you can study more effectively and achieve better results.
First, find a suitable study environment. 17. ______ A quiet, well-lit place with few distractions will help you concentrate better on your tasks.
Second, make a reasonable study plan. 18. ______ Break your study sessions into smaller parts, and take short breaks between them to keep your mind fresh.
Third, use effective learning methods. 19. ______ For example, taking notes, making mind maps, and explaining concepts to others can deepen your understanding.
Finally, maintain a positive attitude. 20. ______ Believe in yourself, and remember that every effort you make will pay off in the future.
A. A good plan helps you manage your time wisely.
B. Many students find it difficult to concentrate for long hours.
C. Different methods work for different people.
D. The place where you study matters a lot.
E. Some students prefer studying in groups.
F. Studying can be challenging, especially when you have many subjects.
G. A positive mindset can help you overcome difficulties.
V. 语法填空(共10小题;每小题1.5分,满分15分)
阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
High school life is 1. ______ (full) of challenges and opportunities. As a freshman, I found it 2. ______ (extreme) difficult to balance my studies and 3. ______ (extra-curricular) activities. However, my English teacher, a very 4. ______ (patience) and experienced lady, gave me a lot of 5. ______ (use) advice.
She suggested that I 6. ______ (make) a detailed weekly schedule. "Time management is 7. ______ (true) important," she said. "A 8. ______ (good) organized student can achieve more in less time." She also encouraged me 9. ______ (join) at least one club to enrich my school life.
Following her advice, I signed up for the Debate Club. Now, I feel much 10. ______ (confident) than before, and my school life has become more colorful and meaningful.
VI. 阅读理解(共5小题;每小题3分,满分15分)
阅读下面短文,从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中,选出最佳选项。
Phrases play an important role in English grammar. A phrase is a group of words that function as a single unit in a sentence. There are three main types of phrases that senior high school students need to master: noun phrases (NP), adjective phrases (AdjP), and adverb phrases (AdvP).
A noun phrase (NP) consists of a noun and its modifiers. For example, in the sentence "The tall boy with glasses is my classmate," "The tall boy with glasses" is a noun phrase functioning as the subject. Noun phrases can serve as subjects, objects, or complements in a sentence.
An adjective phrase (AdjP) is a group of words with an adjective as the head word. It is used to describe or modify a noun. For example, in "She is extremely talented in music," "extremely talented" is an adjective phrase modifying the subject "She." Adjective phrases can make our writing more vivid and precise.
An adverb phrase (AdvP) has an adverb as its head word and is used to modify a verb, an adjective, or another adverb. In "He runs very quickly," "very quickly" is an adverb phrase modifying the verb "runs." Adverb phrases help us express manner, time, place, and degree more accurately.
Mastering these three types of phrases is essential for improving both reading comprehension and writing skills. By identifying and using phrases correctly, students can better understand complex sentences and express their ideas more clearly and accurately.
21. According to the passage, what is a phrase?
A. A single word that functions as a sentence.
B. A group of words that function as a single unit.
C. A complete sentence with a subject and verb.
D. A type of punctuation mark.
22. Which of the following is a noun phrase (NP)?
A. extremely talented
B. very quickly
C. The tall boy with glasses
D. runs fast
23. What is the function of an adjective phrase (AdjP)?
A. To modify a verb.
B. To describe or modify a noun.
C. To express time and place.
D. To serve as the subject of a sentence.
24. In the sentence "He runs very quickly," what is "very quickly"?
A. A noun phrase.
B. An adjective phrase.
C. An adverb phrase.
D. A complete sentence.
25. What is the main idea of the passage?
A. How to write a good English essay.
B. The importance and types of phrases in English grammar.
C. How to identify subjects and objects in sentences.
D. The difference between nouns and adjectives.
四、提升题(30分)
VII. 完成句子(共5小题;每小题2分,满分10分)
根据中文提示,用英语完成下列句子,每空一词。
26. 那个戴眼镜的高个子男孩是我们的班长。
______ ______ ______ ______ glasses is our class monitor.
27. 她对即将到来的考试感到非常自信。
She is ______ ______ ______ the upcoming exam.
28. 他英语说得相当流利,这让大家都很惊讶。
He speaks English ______ ______, which surprised everyone.
29. 老师给的建议非常有用。
The advice ______ ______ ______ gave us is very useful.
30. 学会管理时间对高中生来说极其重要。
______ ______ manage time is ______ ______ for high school students.
VIII. 书面表达(满分20分)
假设你是李华,你的英国笔友 Tom 来信询问你如何提高英语写作能力。请根据以下要点给他写一封回信:
1. 多读英文文章,积累好词好句(如名词短语、形容词短语等);
2. 坚持写英文日记,练习运用不同类型的短语;
3. 请老师或同学帮忙修改,不断改进。
注意:
1. 词数80左右;
2. 可以适当增加细节,以使行文连贯;
3. 信的开头和结尾已给出,不计入总词数。
Dear Tom,
I’m glad to receive your letter asking about how to improve English writing. _______________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li Hua
参考答案与详解
【教学反思建议】
本套作业以"青少年校园生活"为主题语境,紧扣第三课时语法项目——短语类型(NP / AdjP / AdvP)的核心内容。建议教师在批改后重点关注以下问题:一是短语类型识别(第1—5题),学生易混淆形容词短语与副词短语,需引导其准确判断中心词;二是词汇运用中 extra-curricular 的拼写(第6题),学生易漏写连字符;三是单项选择第11题"with + 名词"结构作后置定语,学生易误选 having结构;四是语法填空中词性转换(improvement 等),需强化构词法复习;五是书面表达中短语的多样化运用,对优秀习作可在班级展示,发挥示范引领作用。
二、基础题(30分)
I. 短语类型识别(每小题2分,共10分)
1. NP
【解析】画线部分 "a very useful suggestion" 以名词 suggestion 为中心词,very useful 为修饰语,属于名词短语(NP),作宾语。
【命题意图】考查名词短语的识别及在句中作宾语的功能。
2. AdjP
【解析】画线部分 "extremely confident" 以形容词 confident 为中心词,extremely 为程度副词修饰,属于形容词短语(AdjP),作表语。
【命题意图】考查形容词短语的识别及修饰语结构。
3. AdvP
【解析】画线部分 "quite fluently" 以副词 fluently 为中心词,quite 为程度副词修饰,属于副词短语(AdvP),修饰动词 speaks。
【命题意图】考查副词短语的识别及修饰动词的功能。
4. NP
【解析】画线部分 "The tall boy with glasses" 以名词 boy 为中心词,tall 和 with glasses 为修饰语,属于名词短语(NP),作主语。
【命题意图】考查名词短语的结构分析(前置+后置修饰语)。
5. AdvP
【解析】画线部分 "really hard" 以副词 hard 为中心词,really 为程度副词修饰,属于副词短语(AdvP),修饰动词 worked。
【命题意图】考查副词短语的识别及程度修饰。
II. 词汇运用(每小题2分,共10分)
6. extra-curricular
【解析】句意为"学校组织了各种课外活动来丰富学生的课后生活"。extra-curricular 意为"课外的",作定语修饰 activities。
【命题意图】考查核心词汇 extra-curricular 的拼写及语境运用。
7. curious
【解析】句意为"她是一个非常好奇的学生,总是在课堂上提问"。curious 意为"好奇的",作定语修饰 student。
【命题意图】考查形容词 curious 的拼写及语境运用。
8. focus
【解析】句意为"我们应该专注于学习,避免被社交媒体分散注意力"。focus on 意为"专注于",should 后接动词原形。
【命题意图】考查动词 focus 的拼写及情态动词后接原形。
9. explanation
【解析】句意为"老师给我们详细解释了语法规则"。a detailed 后接名词,explain 的名词形式为 explanation。
【命题意图】考查词性转换(动词变名词)及拼写。
10. improve
【解析】句意为"他制定了一个仔细的计划来提高英语口语技能"。improve 意为"提高",to 后接动词原形。
【命题意图】考查动词 improve 的拼写及不定式用法。
III. 单项选择(每小题2分,共10分)
11. A
【解析】句意为"那个长着黑长发的女孩是我的新同学"。此处需介词短语作后置定语修饰 girl,with long black hair 为介词短语,选 A。
【命题意图】考查介词短语作后置定语(名词短语结构)。
12. B
【解析】句意为"会议结束后,学生们对即将到来的比赛感到自信和兴奋"。felt 为系动词,后接形容词作表语,confident 和 excited 均为形容词,选 B。
【命题意图】考查形容词短语作表语及词性辨析。
13. C
【解析】句意为"老师说话足够大声,以便后排的每个人都能听清楚"。修饰动词 spoke 需用副词 loudly,enough 修饰副词时置于副词之后,选 C。
【命题意图】考查副词短语的结构(adv. + enough)。
14. C
【解析】句意为"对青少年来说养成良好的学习习惯很重要"。It is + adj. + for sb. to do sth. 为固定句型,It 为形式主语,选 C。
【命题意图】考查 It 作形式主语的句型结构。
15. B
【解析】句意为"那本由著名作家写的书在高中生中很受欢迎"。book 与 write 之间为被动关系,用过去分词 written 作后置定语,选 B。
【命题意图】考查过去分词短语作后置定语(名词短语结构)。
三、中等题(40分)
IV. 七选五(每小题2分,共10分)
16. F
【解析】空前说"养成良好的学习习惯对每个高中生都很重要",空后说"然而,有了正确的策略,你可以更有效地学习",F 项"学习可能具有挑战性,尤其是当你有很多科目时"承上启下。
【命题意图】考查段间逻辑衔接能力。
17. D
【解析】空前说"首先,找到合适的学习环境",D 项"你学习的地方很重要"是对"学习环境"的强调,符合语境。
【命题意图】考查主题句与支撑句的关系。
18. A
【解析】空前说"其次,制定合理的学习计划",空后说"将学习分成小部分并适当休息",A 项"好的计划帮助你明智地管理时间"符合语境。
【命题意图】考查上下文语义连贯。
19. C
【解析】空前说"第三,使用有效的学习方法",空后举例"记笔记、画思维导图等",C 项"不同的方法适用于不同的人"承上启下。
【命题意图】考查指代关系与逻辑推理。
20. G
【解析】空前说"最后,保持积极的态度",G 项"积极的心态能帮助你克服困难"是对"积极态度"的进一步说明。
【命题意图】考查段落主题与例证关系。
V. 语法填空(每小题1.5分,共15分)
1. full
【解析】句意为"高中生活充满挑战和机遇"。be full of 为固定搭配,意为"充满"。
【命题意图】考查固定短语 be full of 的运用。
2. extremely
【解析】句意为"作为一名新生,我发现极难平衡学习和课外活动"。修饰形容词 difficult 需用副词,extreme 的副词形式为 extremely。
【命题意图】考查词性转换(形容词变副词)。
3. extra-curricular
【解析】句意为"平衡学习和课外活动"。extra-curricular 意为"课外的",作定语修饰 activities。
【命题意图】考查复合形容词的拼写与运用。
4. patient
【解析】句意为"我的英语老师,一位非常有耐心且经验丰富的女士"。修饰 lady 需用形容词,patience 的形容词形式为 patient。
【命题意图】考查词性转换(名词变形容词)。
5. useful
【解析】句意为"给了我很多有用的建议"。修饰 advice 需用形容词,use 的形容词形式为 useful。
【命题意图】考查词性转换(动词变形容词)。
6. should make / make
【解析】句意为"她建议我制定一个详细的每周计划"。suggest 后的宾语从句用虚拟语气 (should) + 动词原形。
【命题意图】考查 suggest 后宾语从句的虚拟语气。
7. truly
【解析】句意为"时间管理真的很重要"。修饰形容词 important 需用副词,true 的副词形式为 truly。
【命题意图】考查词性转换(形容词变副词)及拼写。
8. well
【解析】句意为"一个组织良好的学生可以用更少的时间取得更多"。organized 前需用副词修饰,good 的副词形式为 well。
【命题意图】考查副词修饰过去分词的用法。
9. to join
【解析】句意为"她还鼓励我至少参加一个社团"。encourage sb. to do sth. 为固定搭配。
【命题意图】考查 encourage sb. to do sth. 结构。
10. more confident
【解析】句意为"现在我比以前自信多了"。much 后接比较级,confident 的比较级为 more confident。
【命题意图】考查形容词比较级的构成。
VI. 阅读理解(每小题3分,共15分)
21. B
【解析】根据第一段"A phrase is a group of words that function as a single unit in a sentence"可知短语是"在句子中作为一个单位起作用的一组词",选 B。
【命题意图】考查细节理解能力。
22. C
【解析】根据第二段"in the sentence ‘The tall boy with glasses is my classmate,’ ‘The tall boy with glasses’ is a noun phrase"可知选 C。
【命题意图】考查细节理解与例证分析。
23. B
【解析】根据第三段"It is used to describe or modify a noun"可知形容词短语的功能是"描述或修饰名词",选 B。
【命题意图】考查细节理解能力。
24. C
【解析】根据第四段"In ‘He runs very quickly,’ ‘very quickly’ is an adverb phrase"可知选 C。
【命题意图】考查细节理解与例证分析。
25. B
【解析】通读全文,文章主要介绍短语的重要性及三种主要类型(NP、AdjP、AdvP),主旨为"英语语法中短语的重要性和类型",选 B。
【命题意图】考查主旨大意概括能力。
四、提升题(30分)
VII. 完成句子(每小题2分,共10分)
26. The tall boy with
【解析】The tall boy with glasses 为名词短语(NP),以 boy 为中心词,tall 为前置修饰语,with glasses 为后置修饰语,作主语。
【命题意图】考查名词短语的结构(前置+后置修饰语)。
27. very confident about
【解析】very confident about 为形容词短语(AdjP),以 confident 为中心词,very 为程度修饰,about the upcoming exam 为介词短语补充,作表语。
【命题意图】考查形容词短语的结构及 be confident about 搭配。
28. quite fluently
【解析】quite fluently 为副词短语(AdvP),以 fluently 为中心词,quite 为程度修饰,修饰动词 speaks。
【命题意图】考查副词短语的结构及程度副词修饰。
29. given by the teacher / that the teacher
【解析】given by the teacher 为过去分词短语作后置定语(名词短语结构),修饰 advice;也可用 that the teacher gave us 定语从句。
【命题意图】考查名词短语的后置修饰语(过去分词短语)。
30. Learning to; extremely important
【解析】Learning to manage time 为动名词短语作主语(名词短语功能);extremely important 为形容词短语(AdjP)作表语。
【命题意图】考查动名词短语作主语及形容词短语的运用。
VIII. 书面表达(满分20分)
【参考范文】
Dear Tom,
I’m glad to receive your letter asking about how to improve English writing. Here are some suggestions that I hope will be helpful.
First, read more English articles. By reading extensively, you can accumulate useful words and phrases, especially noun phrases and adjective phrases, which will make your writing more vivid and precise. Second, keep an English diary. Try to use different types of phrases in your writing, such as adverb phrases to express manner and degree. This regular practice will help you internalize what you have learned.
Finally, ask your teachers or classmates to help revise your writing. Their feedback is extremely valuable for identifying your weaknesses and making continuous progress. With patience and persistence, I’m sure you will become a confident English writer.
Yours,
Li Hua
【评分标准】
1. 内容要点(多读积累、写日记练习、请人修改)齐全:12分(每点4分);
2. 应用词汇和语法结构(含本课时短语类型)的数量和准确性:5分;
3. 上下文连贯性:3分;
4. 词数:80词左右,不足或超出酌情扣1—2分;
5. 书写规范、卷面整洁:酌情加1—2分。
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