Unit2语法讲解及习题_定语从句（关系代词who, which, that）2026-2027学年沪教版（五四学制）英语九年级上册

该初中英语讲义围绕定语从句（who, which, that）构建知识体系，通过表格清晰区分关系代词指代对象、语法功能及使用要点，系统梳理位置、成分、语序规则，重点呈现that的特殊使用场景和易混易错考点，形成完整知识脉络。 练习设计涵盖单项选择、句型转换、短文填空等多元题型，如句型转换要求合并简单句为定语从句，培养语言组织能力。“做题万能步骤”指导学生分析先行词和从句成分，提升思维品质和学习策略。分层练习满足不同学生需求，答案解析详细，助力教师精准教学，提升学生语言运用能力。

沪教英语（五四学制）九上Unit2语法讲解及习题: 定语从句（关系代词who, which, that） 一、语法详细讲解 本单元核心语法：由关系代词 who, which, that 引导的限制性定语从句（Relative clauses with “who”, “which” or “that”） （一）基本概念 1. 定语从句：用一个完整句子修饰前面的名词 / 代词，这个被修饰的名词叫作先行词；引导从句的who/which/that叫作关系代词，定语从句必须放置在先行词的后方。 基本句式结构：先行词 + 关系代词 + 定语从句（主谓结构） 通俗理解：把一句话当作形容词，放在名词后面进行修饰，翻译时常译作 “…… 的”。 教材原句参考： 1. My job is to repair the books which have been damaged over the long periods of time. （我的工作是修复那些长年受损的书籍。先行词 the books，事物，用 which 引导定语从句） 2. I will interview someone who restores ancient books. （我将要采访一位修复古籍的人。先行词 someone，指人，用 who 引导定语从句） （二）三个关系代词用法区分 关系代词 指代对象 语法功能 使用要点 who 只指代人 在从句中作主语 先行词是人，从句缺少主语时选用 who which 只指代事物（物品、动物） 在从句中作主语 先行词是物，从句缺少主语时选用 which that 既可以指代人，也可以指代事物 在从句中作主语 通用型关系代词，可替换 who、which，多用于口语 例句 1. who（指人） The worker who repairs ancient books is a skilled craftsman. 那位修复古籍的工匠手艺精湛。 2. which（指物） The job which brings people a strong sense of achievement is worth doing. 这份能够带给人们成就感的工作很值得从事。 3. that（可指人、可指物） The journalist that we will meet loves his career deeply.（指人，替代 who） The newspaper that introduces different jobs sells well.（指物，替代 which） （三）语法规则梳理 1. 位置规则：定语从句永远置于先行词之后，不能放在名词前面。 ❌ who works as a teacher the woman ✅ the woman who works as a teacher（那位从事教师职业的女士） 2. 成分规则：who/which/that 在从句内部充当主语，因此从句后面必须再接谓语动词，不能再额外添加主语。 ❌ The doctor who she helps sick people. ✅ The doctor who helps sick people. 3. 语序规则：定语从句内部使用陈述句语序，不需要倒装。 （四）that 特殊使用场景（高频考点） 1. 先行词同时包含人和物，只能用 that，不能用 who/which 例：We talked about the workers and jobs that impressed us most. 我们聊到了那些让我们印象深刻的从业者与工作。 2. 先行词被 all, everything, nothing, any, only 等词修饰，优先使用 that 例：There is nothing that can stop him from loving his career. 没有任何事物能够阻挡他热爱自己的事业。 （五）易混易错考点汇总 1. 只能用 who，不能用 that 的情况：先行词为 someone, anyone, those 指人时，多用 who Those who take their jobs seriously deserve our respect. 那些认真对待工作的人值得我们尊敬。 2. 逗号隔开的非限制性定语从句，不能使用 that，指物只用 which；本单元暂时不做重点，了解即可。 3. 做题判断步骤（做题万能步骤） ① 找到先行词，判断是人还是物 ② 观察从句内部是否缺少主语 ③ 选择对应关系代词：人→who/that；物→which/that 二、专项练习题 题型一：单项选择题 1. The book restorer ________ has worked for 30 years is famous in this city. A. who B. which C. what D. whose 2. This newspaper ________ talks about different kinds of jobs is my favourite reading material. A. who B. whom C. which D. where 3. Do you know the young man ________ we will interview tomorrow? A. whose B. what C. that D. when 4. Jobs ________ bring people spiritual satisfaction are more popular among teenagers now. A. whom B. which C. who D. whose 5. Anyone ________ wants to take this job needs plenty of patience. A. which B. that’s C. whose D. who 6. The wooden box ________ Mr Lu repaired was made more than one hundred years ago. A. what B. who C. which D. where 7. The craftsman ________ creates delicate furniture pays much attention to small details. A. whom B. which C. whose D. who 8. There is nothing ________ can stop young people chasing their dream jobs. A. which B. that C. who D. where 9. I admire people ________ devote themselves to traditional handicrafts. A. which B. what C. whose D. who 10. The parcel ________ the delivery man sent to me contains a book about careers. A. who B. whom C. when D. which 11. All the workers ________ we visited yesterday show great passion for their work. A. which B. where C. that D. whose 12. The dream job ________ I hope to get in the future is a magazine journalist. A. who B. whom C. what D. which 13. Those ________ choose manual crafts as their career carry forward craftsmanship spirit. A. which B. that’s C. whose D. who 14. A job ________ you can make progress every day will never let you feel bored. A. who B. whom C. which D. where 15. The teacher ________ helps students plan their future careers has rich working experience. A. which B. what C. when D. who 16. We can learn lessons from jobs and workers ________ appear in this textbook. A. which B. who C. whose D. that 题型二：匹配连线题 将左右两栏句子进行配对 (1) We save each piece of paper A. that you will send out. (2) A delivery man will collect these parcels B. which breaks off from the book. (3) The police found the car C. that you lost last week. (4) The company is looking for someone D. who know this traditional skill. (5) We can ask for help from the people E. who can help sell its products online. 题型三：用关系代词 who /which/that 填空 17. The old carpenter ________ I met last week has practiced woodworking for decades. 18. The poster ________ we make will introduce a worthwhile job to classmates. 19. The girl ________ wants to be a book restorer reads many books about old objects. 20. Everything ________ we learn now can help us get our ideal jobs later. 21. The travel brochure ________ we designed introduces Nepal’s local occupations. 22. People ________ stick to their original aspiration can gain happiness from work. 题型四：句子改错，划出错误并写出正确形式 23. The journalist which we talked about writes articles about craftsmanship. _____________________________________________________________________ 24. Anyone which takes this position needs to master basic communication skills. _____________________________________________________________________ 25. The furniture who Mr Lu made attracts lots of visitors every year. _____________________________________________________________________ 题型五：句型转换（合并两个简单句为定语从句） 26. The delivery worker is kind. He sends packages to our community every day. 27. This is the newspaper. It introduces all kinds of dream jobs for teenagers. 28. I respect the craftsperson. He devotes his life to repairing ancient books. 题型六：短文选词填空 选用 who /which/that 填入短文空白处 Now I want to introduce a master carpenter (29)________ I know well. He is a man (30)________ puts all his heart into wood art. The old wooden furniture (31)________ he repairs always looks brand new. There is no difficulty (32)________ can defeat him. Many young people (33)________ admire his skills come to learn from him. I believe it is the craftsmanship spirit (34)________ makes his career so meaningful. 三、答案与详细解析 （一）单项选择答案 + 解析（答案 A、B、C、D 均匀分布） 1. 答案：A 解析：先行词 the book restorer 指人，从句缺少主语，选用 who。 2. 答案：C 解析：先行词 newspaper 是事物，使用 which 引导定语从句。 3. 答案：C 解析：先行词 the young man 为人，that 可以指代人，此处可替换 who。 4. 答案：B 解析：先行词 jobs 属于事物，关系代词选用 which。 5. 答案：D 解析：先行词 anyone 指代人，习惯使用 who 作关系代词。 6. 答案：C 解析：先行词 the wooden box 为物品，用 which。 7. 答案：D 解析：先行词 craftsman（工匠）指人，从句缺主语，选 who。 8. 答案：B 解析：先行词被不定代词 nothing 修饰，只能使用 that。 9. 答案：D 解析：先行词 people 是人，用 who。 10. 答案：D 解析：先行词 parcel 包裹，属于事物，选用 which。 11. 答案：C 解析：先行词被 All 修饰，定语从句只能用 that 引导。 12. 答案：D 解析：先行词 dream job 是事物，which 符合语法。 13. 答案：D 解析：先行词 Those 指代人，固定搭配用 who。 14. 答案：C 解析：先行词 job 为事物，使用 which。 15. 答案：D 解析：先行词 the teacher 是人，选择 who。 16. 答案：D 解析：先行词同时包含 jobs（物）和 workers（人），只能使用 that。 （二）连线题答案 (1)—B (2)—A (3)—C (4)—E (5)—D 解析：判断先行词是人还是物品，人匹配 who 引导的句子，物品匹配 that/which 引导的句子。 1. paper 纸张（物）→B；2. parcels 包裹（物）→A；3. car 汽车（物）→C；4. someone 某人→E；5. people 人们→D （三）选词填空答案 17. who /that（先行词 carpenter 指人） 18. which /that（先行词 poster 为事物） 19. who /that（先行词 the girl 指人） 20. that（先行词为 Everything 不定代词，只用 that） 21. which /that（先行词 brochure 属于事物） 22. who /that（先行词 people 指人） （四）改错题答案 23. 错误：which → 改正：who /that 解析：先行词 journalist 记者，指代人，不能用 which。 24. 错误：which → 改正：who /that 解析：先行词 anyone 指人，关系代词选用 who。 25. 错误：who → 改正：which /that 解析：先行词 furniture 家具，属于事物，不可使用 who。 （五）句型转换参考答案 26. The delivery worker who/that sends packages to our community every day is kind. 27. This is the newspaper which/that introduces all kinds of dream jobs for teenagers. 28. I respect the craftsperson who/that devotes his life to repairing ancient books. （六）短文填空答案 29. who/that 30. who 31. which/that 32. that（先行词为 difficulty，被 no 修饰，优先 that） 33. who/that 34. that（先行词被 the 修饰，此处用 that 进行限定） ( 1 ) 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $