2026届高三英语科校本作业人教版选择性必修第三册Unit 4 Adversity and Courage 单元练习

福州高级中学2025—2026学年高三英语科校本作业 选择性必修第三册Unit 4 Adversity and Courage单元练习 （建议完成时间40分钟 *为选做题） Ⅰ. 单句填空 1. ____________(fortunate) , his hard work paid off in the end. 2. It takes planning and ___________ (persevere) to be successful. 3.Shackleton threw away all his gold and took only essential ________(supply). 4. Making ___________(resolve) on new year’s day is a custom that still prevail. 5. The effortless _____________ (assign) didn’t take them much time to complete. 6. At the street corner there is a big poster ____________(advertise) a new mobile phone. 7. If you make a ___________ (commit) to do something, you promise that you will do it. 8. Students learned the _________(practice)application of the theory they had learned in the classroom. 9. The study showed a deep fear among the elderly of being _________(abandon) to the care of strangers. 10. _________ (rough) calculated, there were over 3 million tourists paying a visit to our hometown, during the National Day holiday. Ⅱ. 短语检测 从方框内选出10个短语用其恰当的形式完成句子，使之意思通顺。 decide on be loyal to arrange for make fire under the guidance of sign up for consist of be enthusiastic about make a commitment give off ahead of schedule turn down 1.I’d appreciate it if you could ________________ me to visit your school. 2. They collected some firewood and __________________ to keep themselves warm. 3. Please complete the form below to ______________ the two-week summer camp. 4. When heated, the coal ___________ heavy smoke, making it difficult for people to breathe. 5. Although my grandpa is retired, he _________________________________ volunteer work. 6.Activities all take place _______________________________________ an experienced teacher. 7.In practice, most planes either are delayed or arrive slightly__________________________. 8. To my disappointment, Alice ________________ my invitation to the ball because she said that she didn’t like to turn up on such an occasion. 9.The team,which__________________ 12 top medical experts,will share knowledge and experience in the fight against the disease. 10. The government ____________________ a change in their policy which vitally affected the future of the empire. Ⅲ. 翻译句子 1. 他这么做是因为他清楚地认识到生存是最重要的，他必须给他的队员们树立一个榜样。（set an example to his teammembers） _____________________________________________________________________________________ 2. 这就是爱丽丝，一个体贴、负责、有毅力的领导者。(with great perseverence/strong will) _____________________________________________________________________________________ 3. 在我看来，那个聪明的男人有资格胜任这份工作。(be qualified to do sth/be qualified for sth.) _____________________________________________________________________________________ 4. 他充满活力，并且在逆境中表现出极大的勇气。(full of vigour, in adversity ) _____________________________________________________________________________________ Ⅳ. 课文语法填空 As a young man full of both passion and endurance, Perce Blackborow had long been 1. (dream) of decent adventure, so he didn't give up when Sir Ernest Shackleton turned down his request to join the expedition. Perce 2. (secret) hid himself in a cupboard, only 3. (find) three days after they set off. He felt fortunate and happy when he was assigned as a steward instead of being sent back home. It turned 4. to be a tough journey. The ship got 5. (stick) in the ice as they approached Antarctica and they had to abandon the ship. 6. the guidance of Sir Ernest, they 7. (throw) away nearly everything except necessities and a banjo, 8. kept their spirits up during the journey. Survival was not easy and things went from bad to worse. Finally Sir Ernest left for South Georgia Island in order to find help. The desperate situation made young Perce Blackborow feel down and become bad- tempered. It was the genuine 9. (encourage) and concern from Bless Frank Wild that cheered him up. Frank and Ernest's resolve and perseverance filled him with hope. Realizing that he shouldn't become selfish just because of 10. adversity they were faced with, he learned to be optimistic and determined *V. 七选五 阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 Many of us have, at times, failed to pursue a goal. We want to get in shape and join a gym, but we soon stop going and end up spending our evenings on the couch instead. 1. Such goal-pursuit failure is so common — we make New Year’s resolutions, only to admit defeat just a few weeks into the new year. 2. I found in my own research that people believe time to be a crucial ingredient in pursuing the most frequently pursued goals such as working out, or learning a language or instrument. The feeling that we don’t have enough hours has become such an integral part of our lives that we almost take it for granted to never feel like we have enough time. New research, however, shows a simple trick that allows us to get back some control and bounce back from goal-pursuit failure. 3. This simple shift in language allows us to feel like how we dealt with our lack of time was a choice, and that we can change our approach in the future and regain motivation. In a study with 300 online participants, Luis Abreu discovered those instructed to speak about a goal-pursuit failure in terms of not having made the time were more motivated to get back on track with their goal. 4. This interesting effect occurs because people feel more in control of their time when they talk about making the time, or even not making the time. How we speak can have a powerful effect not only on others, but even on ourselves. When we fail at something, it’s up to us to tell ourselves a story about what happened, and how we can do better in the future. 5. We can thereby find the motivation to make time to pursue our important goals. A. Learning to manage our time effectively is the key to pursuing goals. B. One way to help is to talk about time in a way that makes us its active managers. C. This benefit was even sustained, as people reported stronger resolve a week later. D. Hence, we must learn to prioritize our goals more effectively over other activities. E. One of the most common reasons behind our failure to attain goals is lack of time. F. Or we buy ingredients to cook better food, only to go back to our take-out habits soon. G. Instead of saying that we didn’t have the time, we can say that we didn’t make the time. VI. 完形填空 阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 We were three days into a 27-day journey through eastern Nepal’s forests, walking through low clouds and constant rain. “Are we on the right path?” I asked my guide Raj. He 1. , rain dropping from his cap, “I’m quite sure.” As we walked down a muddy valley, a waterfall blocked our way. We 2. our shoes, struggling barefoot through icy water. “This is a real 3. !” I thought. After we made our way across, we looked at each other through the downpour and 4. our heads back in laughter, briefly forgetting our wet and cold state. This 5. attitude is typical of Nepalis. When things get tough, they make the best of it and keep walking. Life here is often 6. : freezing temperatures, infertile soil and few drivable roads. Yet its wild beauty is exactly what 7. tourists here. Hours later, we 8. a small teahouse in the distance. I entered, seeing Pemba, a 14-year-old boy, making tea and his little sister 9. the fire. As the downpour 10. the roof. Pemba smiled shyly, steadily stirring (搅拌) the tea. This teahouse is one of hundreds of mountain 11. . Tourists stop to rest and eat, but what they seek is 12. . Conversations around teahouse stoves can stretch for hours 13. languages and continents. Now, as we headed back, it 14. me how much this climb had depended on the families who guided climbers and offered 15. , which more than anything, made our journey possible. 1. A. nodded B. sighed C. hesitated D. complained 2. A. fastened B. washed C. wore D. removed 3. A. blessing B. surprise C. adventure D. discovery 4. A. shook B. hung C. lifted D. threw 5. A. critical B. positive C. cautious D. curious 6. A. welcoming B. unforgiving C. peaceful D. mysterious 7. A. scares B. concerns C. draws D. pushes 8. A. passed B. spotted C. constructed D. imagined 9. A. fighting B. cleaning C. tending D. ignoring 10. A. tapped on B. drummed against C. flowed into D. thundered through 11. A. shelters B. markets C. milestones D. barriers 12. A. satisfaction B. freedom C. excitement D. connection 13. A. in terms of B. on account of C. in spite of D. regardless of 14. A. struck B. bothered C. shocked D. puzzled 15. A. courage B. tools C. warmth D. souvenirs VII. 语法填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Recently, Zhang has been particularly fascinated by Yue Opera, 1. _ originated in East China’s Zhejiang province. Last year, performances by young Yue Opera 2. (actress) Chen Lijun and Li Yunxiao 3. (go) viral on Chinese social media, sparking a newfound love for Yue Opera among many viewers. In Zhang’s view, Chen and Li’s performance of New Dragon Gate Inn is 4. pioneering adaptation of traditional Yue Opera. Zhang thinks highly 5. Chen’s perspective that Yue Opera needs both preservation and promotion, and that it is important to “make intangible heritage fashionable and classics popular”. “Personally, whether I’m eating 6. resting, I always have Yue Opera playing on a small speaker. At home, I sing it all the time, as if I’m possessed.” she said. Zhang has joined a free, amateur Yue Opera club in Beijing, where most members are in their 20s — a surprising sight, 7. (consider) opera was once thought to be in decline. They gather every weekend 8. (practice) together. Her dream is becoming a skilled amateur Yue Opera singer. “If one day I could 9. (true) make a name for myself in this field and meet the actors I admire on stage, connecting through our art, that would be my 10. (great) happiness,” she said. 福州高级中学2025—2026学年高三英语科校本作业 选择性必修第三册Unit 4 Adversity and Courage单元练习 （建议完成时间40分钟 *为选做题） Ⅰ. 单句填空 1. Fortunately 2. perseverance 3.supplies 4. resolutions 5. assignment 6. advertising 7. commitment 8.practical 9. abandoned 10. Roughly Ⅱ. 短语检测 从方框内选出10个短语用其恰当的形式完成句子，使之意思通顺。 1.arrange for 2. made fire 3. sign up for 4. gives off 5.is enthusiastic about 6.under the guidance of 7 ahead of schedule. 8. turned down 9. consists of 10.had decided on Ⅲ. 翻译句子 1.He did so because he realized clearly that survival was the most important thing and he had to set an example to his teammembers. 2.Such is Alice, a considerate and responsible leader with great perseverence. 3.In my opinion，the clever man is qualified to do the job/is qualified for the job. 4. He is full of vigor and shows great courage in adversity. Ⅳ. 课文语法填空 1.dreaming 2. secretly 3. to be found 4.out 5. stunk 6. Under 7.threw 8. which 9. encouragement 10. the *V. 七选五 阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 36. F 37. E 38. G 39. C 40. B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了如何通过改变语言方式，从追求目标失败中恢复过来，并重新获得动力。 【1题详解】 由上文“We want to get in shape and join a gym, but we soon stop going and end up spending our evenings on the couch instead.(我们想塑形，加入健身房，但很快就停止了，最终晚上只能坐在沙发上)”及下文“Such goal-pursuit failure is so common — we make New Year’s resolutions, only to admit defeat just a few weeks into the new year.(这种追求目标的失败很常见——我们制定新年计划，但在新年刚过几周就承认失败)”可知，上文描述了人们追求目标失败的一个具体例子，下文则指出这种失败很常见，并给出了另一个例子（制定新年计划但很快放弃）。本空应继续列举类似的例子，以进一步说明追求目标失败的普遍性。F选项“Or we buy ingredients to cook better food, only to go back to our take-out habits soon.(或者我们买食材来做更好的食物，但很快又回到了叫外卖的习惯)”与上文例子并列，共同说明追求目标失败的常见性，符合语境。故选F。 【2题详解】 由下文“I found in my own research that people believe time to be a crucial ingredient in pursuing the most frequently pursued goals, such as working out, or learning a language or instrument.(我在自己的研究中发现，人们认为时间是追求最常追求的目标的关键因素，比如锻炼、学习语言或乐器)”可知，下文提到了时间在追求目标中的重要性，本空应介绍时间与目标的关系。E选项“One of the most common reasons behind our failure to attain goals is lack of time.(我们未能实现目标的最常见原因之一是缺乏时间)”直接点明了时间不足是追求目标失败的常见原因，与下文内容紧密相连，符合语境。故选E。 【3题详解】 由上文“New research, however, shows a simple trick that allows us to get back some control and bounce back from goal-pursuit failure.(然而，新的研究表明，有一个简单的技巧可以让我们重新获得一些控制权，并从追求目标的失败中恢复过来)”及下文“This simple shift in language allows us to feel like how we dealt with our lack of time was a choice, and that we can change our approach in the future and regain motivation.(这种简单的语言转变让我们觉得我们处理时间不足的方式是一种选择，并且我们可以在未来改变我们的方法并重新获得动力)”可知，上文提到了有一个简单的技巧可以帮助我们从追求目标的失败中恢复过来，下文则解释了这个技巧的具体内容，即改变语言方式。本空应具体说明这个技巧是什么。G选项“Instead of saying that we didn’t have the time, we can say that we didn’t make the time.(我们不说我们没有时间，而是说我们没有腾出时间)”直接给出了改变语言方式的具体建议，与下文内容紧密相连，符合语境。故选G。 【4题详解】 由上文“In a study with 300 online participants, Luis Abreu discovered those instructed to speak about a goal-pursuit failure in terms of not having made the time were more motivated to get back on track with their goal.(在一项有300名线上参与者的研究中，Luis Abreu发现：那些被要求用“没腾出时间”来表述目标追求失败的人，更有动力重新朝着自己的目标努力)”及下文“This interesting effect occurs because people feel more in control of their time when they talk about making the time, or even not making the time.(这种有趣的效果发生是因为当人们谈论腾出时间，甚至没有腾出时间时，他们会觉得自己更能掌控时间)”可知，上文描述了研究的结果，即改变语言方式可以增加人们重新追求目标的动力，下文则解释了这一结果的原因。本空应进一步补充研究结果。C选项“This benefit was even sustained, as people reported stronger resolve a week later.(这种好处甚至持续存在，因为一周后人们报告了更强的决心)”说明了改变语言方式带来的好处是持续的，能承上启下，符合语境。故选C。 【5题详解】 由上文“How we speak can have a powerful effect not only on others, but even on ourselves. When we fail at something, it’s up to us to tell ourselves a story about what happened, and how we can do better in the future.(我们说话的方式不仅对他人有强大的影响，甚至对我们自己也有。当我们失败时，由我们来告诉自己发生了什么，以及我们未来如何可以做得更好)”及下文“We can thereby find the motivation to make time to pursue our important goals.(因此，我们可以找到动力腾出时间去追求我们重要的目标)”可知，上文提到了我们说话的方式对自己有影响，并鼓励我们在失败时告诉自己未来可以做得更好，下文则指出这样做可以让我们找到追求重要目标的动力。本空应说明如何做到这一点，即如何通过改变语言方式来影响自己。B选项“One way to help is to talk about time in a way that makes us its active managers.(一个有帮助的方法是，以一种让我们成为时间主动管理者的方式来谈论时间)”给出了具体的建议，即改变谈论时间的方式，让自己成为时间的主动管理者，能承上启下，符合语境。故选B。 VI. 完形填空 【答案】1.-5. A D C D B 6. -10.B C B C B 11. -15.A D D AC 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者在尼泊尔东部森林徒步旅行中的经历及感悟。 【1题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：他点点头，雨水从他的帽子上滴落下来，“我相当确定。”A. nodded点头；B. sighed叹气；C. hesitated犹豫；D. complained抱怨。根据后文“I’m quite sure.”可知，向导点头表示确定。故选A。 【2题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们脱下鞋子，赤脚在冰冷的水中挣扎前行。A. fastened系紧；B. washed洗；C. wore穿；D. removed脱掉。根据后文“struggling barefoot through icy water”可知，需要脱掉鞋子才能赤脚在水中行走。故选D。 【3题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：“这真是一次冒险！”我想。A. blessing祝福；B. surprise惊讶；C. adventure冒险；D. discovery发现。根据前文“walking through low clouds and constant rain”和“a waterfall blocked our way”可知，徒步旅行遇到瀑布挡路，赤脚在冰冷的水中前行，这是一次冒险。故选C。 【4题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们趟过水后，在倾盆大雨中看着对方，然后仰头大笑，暂时忘记了我们浑身湿冷的状态。A. shook摇晃；B. hung悬挂；C. lifted抬起；D. threw扔。根据后文“back in laughter”可知，此处指仰头大笑，throw one’s head back为固定搭配，意为“仰头”，形容大笑的样子。故选D。 【5题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这种积极的态度是尼泊尔人的典型特征。A. critical批评的；B. positive积极的；C. cautious谨慎的；D. curious好奇的。根据前文“We ____ our heads back in laughter, briefly forgetting our wet and cold state.”可知，尽管遇到困难，但依然保持乐观，这是积极的态度。故选B。 【6题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这里的生活常常很艰难：气温极低，土壤贫瘠，几乎没有可通行的道路。A. welcoming欢迎的；B. unforgiving苛刻的，无情的；C. peaceful和平的；D. mysterious神秘的。根据后文“freezing temperatures, infertile soil and few drivable roads”可知，这里的生活条件苛刻。故选B。 【7题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：然而，它的自然美景正是吸引游客来这里的原因。A. scares使害怕；B. concerns关心；C. draws吸引；D. pushes推。根据前文“Yet its wild beauty”和后文“tourists”可知，此处表示自然美景吸引游客。故选C。 【8题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：几个小时后，我们看到远处有一家小茶馆。A. passed通过；B. spotted看到；C. constructed建造；D. imagined想象。根据后文“a small teahouse in the distance”可知，此处表示看到了一家小茶馆。故选B。 【9题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我走进去，看到14岁的男孩Pemba在泡茶，他的妹妹在照看火。A. fighting打架；B. cleaning打扫；C. tending照看；D. ignoring忽视。根据后文“the fire”以及语境可知，此处指妹妹在照看火，tend the fire意为“照看火”，符合茶馆生火泡茶的语境。故选C。 【10题详解】 考查动词短语辨析。句意：当倾盆大雨敲打着屋顶时，Pemba害羞地笑了笑，稳稳地搅拌着茶。A. tapped on轻敲；B. drummed against连续敲击，（雨点）敲打；C. flowed into流入；D. thundered through轰鸣着穿过。根据前文“the downpour”和后文 “the roof”可知，此处形容大雨连续敲打屋顶。故选B。 【11题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：这家茶馆是数百家山间避难所之一。A. shelters避难所；B. markets市场；C. milestones里程碑；D. barriers障碍。根据后文“Tourists stop to rest and eat”可知，茶馆是供游客休息和吃饭的歇脚处，即避难所。故选A。 【12题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：游客们停下来休息和吃饭，但他们寻求的是联系。A. satisfaction满意；B. freedom自由；C. excitement兴奋；D. connection联系。根据后文“Conversations around teahouse stoves can stretch for hours”可知，游客们寻求的是联系和交流。故选D。 【13题详解】 考查介词短语辨析。句意：茶馆炉火旁的对话可以持续数小时，不受语言和大陆的限制。A. in terms of就……而言；B. on account of因为；C. in spite of尽管；D. regardless of不管，不顾。根据前文“Conversations around teahouse stoves can stretch for hours”以及语境可知，尽管语言和大陆不同，但对话可以持续数小时。故选D。 【14题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：现在，当我们往回走时，我突然想到，这次攀登在很大程度上依赖于那些引导登山者并提供温暖的家庭，正是这些家庭使我们的旅程成为可能。A. struck突然想到；B. bothered打扰；C. shocked震惊；D. puzzled使困惑。根据后文“how much this climb had depended on the families who guided climbers and offered ____, which more than anything, made our journey possible.”可知，此处指作者突然想到的内容，It strikes sb.是固定搭配，意为“某人突然意识到/想到”。故选A。 【15题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：同上。A. courage勇气；B. tools工具；C. warmth温暖；D. souvenirs纪念品。根据前文“who guided climbers and offered”和前文提到茶馆里Pemba和他的妹妹为游客提供服务可知，此处指这些家庭为登山者提供温暖。故选C。 VII. 语法填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 1.which 2.actresses 3. went 4. a 5. of 6. or 7. considering 8.to practice 9. truly 10. greatest 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了张女士对越剧的痴迷，包括她欣赏的年轻越剧女演员的表演、她对越剧创新表演的看法、她加入越剧俱乐部的经历以及她的梦想。 【1.题详解】 考查定语从句。句意：最近，张女士对越剧特别着迷，越剧起源于中国东部的浙江省。空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为Yue Opera，引导词在从句中作主语，指物，需用关系代词which引导。故填which。 【2.题详解】 考查名词复数。句意：去年，年轻越剧女演员陈丽君和李云宵的表演在中国社交媒体上迅速走红，引发了众多观众对越剧的新爱。根据下文的Chen Lijun and Li Yunxiao可知，设空处应该用表示复数意义的名词，actress意为“女演员”，其复数形式为actresses。故填actresses。 【3.题详解】 考查动词时态。句意：去年，年轻越剧女演员陈丽君和李云宵的表演在中国社交媒体上迅速走红，引发了众多观众对越剧的新爱。空处为谓语动词，根据last year可知，应用一般过去时。故填went。 【4.题详解】 考查冠词。句意：在张看来，陈和李在新龙门客栈中的表演是对传统越剧的一种开创性的改编。adaptation为可数名词，此处表示泛指“一种开创性的改编”，且pioneering发音以辅音音素开头，需用不定冠词a修饰。故填a。 【5.题详解】 考查介词。句意：张高度评价了陈的观点，即越剧既需要保护也需要推广，而且“使无形文化遗产时尚化、经典大众化”很重要。think highly of为固定短语，意为“高度评价……”。故填of。 【6.题详解】 考查连词。句意：就我个人而言，无论我是吃饭还是休息，我总是在一个小扬声器上播放越剧。根据句意和空前的whether可知，此处需用连词or连接两个并列的动名词短语eating和resting，表示“无论……还是……”。故填or。 【7.题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：张在北京加入了一个免费的业余越剧俱乐部，考虑到大多数成员都是20多岁，而越剧曾被认为处于衰落之中，这一景象令人惊讶。根据句意“考虑到”可知，空处需填介词considering，considering其后接名词短语或从句作为宾语，用来表达“考虑到”某个事实或情况。故填considering。 【8.题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：他们每个周末都聚在一起练习。gather为谓语动词，空处需填非谓语动词作目的状语，需用动词不定式to practice。故填to practice。 【9.题详解】 考查副词。句意：她说：“如果有一天我能在这个领域真正成名，并在舞台上遇到我钦佩的演员，通过我们的艺术进行交流，那将是我最大的幸福。”空处修饰动词make，需用副词作状语。故填truly。 【10.题详解】 考查形容词最高级。句意：她说：“如果有一天我能在这个领域真正成名，并在舞台上遇到我钦佩的演员，通过我们的艺术进行交流，那将是我最大的幸福。根据句意和空前的my可知，此处需用形容词最高级greatest修饰名词happiness，表示“最大的幸福”。故填greatest。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $