选择性必修第3册 UNIT 4 ADVERSITY AND COURAGE(Word练习)-【精讲精练】2026年高考英语一轮复习（人教版）

[对应学生用书P535]

(限时：35分钟)

Ⅰ.阅读理解

A

(2025·河南郑州模拟)Melissa Sevigny，a science journalist for Arizona Public Radio，recounts the details of the 1938 river journey of Elzada Clover and Lois Jotter，who，along with their guide，Norm Nevills，and a few other crew members，traveled down the Colorado River with the goal of cataloging (登记) undiscovered plants in the area.The Colorado River was known as the most dangerous river in the world.But for Clover and Jotter，it held a great appeal: no one had surveyed the Grand Canyon's plants，and they were determined to be the first.

As women scientists，Clover and Jotter faced scrutiny (监督) even before their trip began.They started in Green River，Utah，and then traveled through Cataract Canyon，Glen Canyon，and the Grand Canyon before ending at Lake Mead.For Clover，the trip fit perfectly with her dream of cataloging all the Southwest's cacti (a kind of plant)，but，more than that，it was a chance to make her mark on the field of botany.As they made their way down the river，they continued to face challenges，including navigating intense rapids，losing one of their three boats，and dealing with aggressive reporters and inaccurate and imaginary news reports.When Clover and Jotter finally reached the entrance of the Grand Canyon，they felt apprehensive，but they decided they had no choice now but to brave the wild river.

Drawing information from the crew's letters and journals，Sevigny brings us directly into the boats and introduces us to many of the plants that Clover and Jotter surveyed and collected.The author also includes a map of the route and photographic images of the crew at different points along the way.Woven (编织) throughout the narrative of Clover and Jotter is the early history of travel on the Colorado River as well as how Indigenous peoples，Europeans，and the Park Service have shaped the ecology of the river over time.

As the author notes，women in science still face challenges and barriers; Sevigny hopes that recalling the past will lead to a fairer future.

[语篇解读]　这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了植物学家梅丽莎·塞维尼在亚利桑那州公共广播电台上回顾了克拉弗和乔特在1938年与导游诺姆·内维尔斯以及其他几名船员一起沿着科罗拉多河进行的探险之旅。

1．What motivated Clover and Jotter to make the journey?

A．The native cultures.

B．The plants of the Grand Canyon.

C．The scenery along the river.

D．The Southwest's cactus species.

解析　B　细节理解题。根据第一段中“The Colorado River was known as the most dangerous river in the world.But for Clover and Jotter，it held a great appeal: no one had surveyed the Grand Canyon's plants，and they were determined to be the first.”可知，大峡谷的植物促使克拉弗和乔特踏上这段旅程。故选B。

2．What does the underlined word “apprehensive” mean in paragraph 2?

A．Relieved. B．Guilty.

C．Anxious. D．Pleased.

解析　C　词义猜测题。根据第二段中“When Clover and Jotter finally reached the entrance of the Grand Canyon...but they decided they had no choice now but to brave the wild river.”由此可知，此处为他们感到很担心。故可猜测画线单词apprehensive为“担心的”意思，与选项C.Anxious“担心的”意思一致。故选C。

3．What can we learn about Clover and Jotter's adventure?

A．They were aided by reporters all the way.

B．They ended their journey with losing three boats.

C．They pioneered in surveying the Colorado River.

D．They took many precious photos alongside the trip.

解析　D　细节理解题。根据第三段中“The author also includes a map of the route and photographic images of the crew at different points along the way.”可知，关于克拉弗和乔特的冒险，我们能了解到他们在旅途中拍了许多珍贵的照片。故选D。

4．What is the text?

A．A diary entry. B．A book review.

C．A news report. D．A travel journal.

解析　B　推理判断题。根据文章大意以及最后一段“As the author notes，women in science still face challenges and barriers; Sevigny hopes that recalling the past will lead to a fairer future.”可知，科学领域的女性仍然面临挑战和障碍；塞维尼希望通过回顾过去来引领一个更公平的未来。由此可推知，这篇文章是一篇书评。故选B。

B

(2025·重庆高三模拟)Three young American men were on a crowded train when they encountered a heavily armed terrorist.With little regard for their personal safety，they rushed the terrorist and controlled him.Only some people seem capable of this split­second form of heroism.Why some men rise to the occasion—and others don't—has been a bit tricky to explain.Psychologists have explored this question through biological and personality psychology.

Of course，heroism and courage can appear in many forms，and men and women risk their reputations，health，and social standing to do what they think is right.When it comes to physically risky bravery，people assume that men will take the lead.There are sound biological reasons for this fixed image.One of the most common fears in men is that they'll be outed as a coward (懦夫)，and a man who fails to display physical courage will suffer damage to his reputation in a way that a woman will not.Throughout human history，attaining a position of high status or dominance among one's peers (同龄人) has been the ticket that needs to get punched for men to attract mates and father children.

People tend to have an idea of what heroes are like.When rating the personalities of movie heroes，participants expected them to be more careful and hard­working，open to experience，agreeable，and emotionally stable than the average person.But some studies indicate that people who exhibit heroic behavior score high on personality usually associated with madmen: risk­taking，sensation seeking，coolness under stress，and a tendency to take over in social situations.

The study of the relationship between personality and heroism is at an early stage.Psychologists are still at a loss to predict in advance who will heroically step up when needed.Often，the hero is an otherwise ordinary person who finds himself in extraordinary circumstances.Meanwhile，some individuals trained to behave heroically might hesitate during a crisis.Future disasters will cry out for further acts of true heroism.Hopefully，the right mix of circumstances and personalities enable courage to carry the day.

[语篇解读]　这是一篇议论文。本文讨论了为什么有的人愿意冒着生命危险去救助他人。

5．How is the topic introduced in the first paragraph?

A．By giving an example.

B．By presenting a concept.

C．By making a comparison.

D．By drawing a conclusion.

解析　A　推理判断题。由第一段“Three young American men were on a crowded train when they encountered a heavily armed terrorist.With little regard for their personal safety，they rushed the terrorist and controlled him.”可知，作者描述了三个年轻的美国人在拥挤的列车上