2027届高三英语一轮复习专题7-动词的时态+语态+主谓一致 导学案

该高中英语导学案系统覆盖动词时态（含一般、进行、将来、完成时态）、语态及主谓一致核心考点，按“概念解析-用法示例-巩固训练”层级架构知识体系，通过问题链设计引导学生自主归纳时态时间标志词、语态转换规则及主谓一致三大原则，构建完整语法知识网络。 亮点在于诊断性训练与真题导向设计，如每个模块配备单句语法填空题即时检测，50道高考真题分题型演练强化考点应用，培养学生语言能力与思维品质。提供错题归因分析表助力个性化复习，教师可依据学情数据实施精准指导，有效提升学生自主复习效率与备考实效。

2026-2027学年高三英语一轮复习专题7 动词时态+语态+主谓一致 【动词的时态】 一般时态 (一)一般现在时（do/does; am/is/are） 1．表示经常性或习惯性的动作或存在的状态。常用的时间状语有always、usually、often、sometimes、every day等。 *I usually do my homework in the evening every day. 我通常每天晚上做作业。 2．按时间表、时刻表、日程表等安排将要发生的动作，用一般现在时。只限于go、arrive、leave、start、stay、return、begin、come、take off等动词(短语)。 *My flight takes off at 5：00 am. 我的航班早上五点起飞。 3．在时间、条件等状语从句中常用一般现在时代替一般将来时。 *They'll stand by you even if you don't succeed. 即使你不成功，他们也会支持你。 (二)一般过去时（did; was/were） 1．表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态。常用的时间状语有yesterday、last year、just now、the other day、two weeks ago等。 *He arrived at school at 9：00 am yesterday. 他昨天上午九点到的学校。 2．根据上下文或主从句提示判断用一般过去时。 *We often played together when we were children. 我们小时候经常在一起玩。 进行时态 (一)现在进行时（am/is/are doing） 1．表示说话时正在进行或发生的动作，也可表示现阶段正在进行的动作或存在的状态。常用的时间状语有now、right now、at present、at this moment、these days等。 *I don't really work here；I am just helping out until the new secretary arrives. 我并不是真的在这里工作，我只是在新秘书来之前在这里帮忙。 2．表示按计划或安排即将发生的动作，常用的动词有go、come、leave、arrive、start、move等。 *He is leaving tomorrow to play his first match. 他明天要去打他的第一场比赛。 3．与always、often、forever、constantly、continually等连用时，表示赞赏或厌恶等感情色彩，而非强调动作正在进行。 *He is always helping others. 他总是帮助其他人。 (二)过去进行时（was/were doing） 1．表示过去某一时刻或某一段时间内正在进行的动作(这一过去时间需用时间状语表示)。常用的时间状语有then、yesterday、at that time、at this time等。 *Susan had quit her well­paid job and was working as a volunteer in the neighborhood when I visited her last year. 去年我去拜访苏珊时，她已经辞去了收入丰厚的工作，在社区做志愿者。 2．表示过去计划或安排在将来会发生的动作。常用的动词有plan、come、go、leave、arrive、start、move、sail、fly、travel、stay等。 *He said (that) she was arriving the next day. 他说她第二天会到达。 (三)将来进行时（will/shall be doing） 表示将来某一时刻或某一段时间内正在进行的动作。常用的时间状语有at six tomorrow、in the next two months等。 *I'll be doing some housework tomorrow afternoon. 明天下午我将要干些家务活。 (四)现在完成进行时 1．表示开始于过去某个时间，一直延续到现在的动作。这一动作可能刚完成，也可能继续进行下去。常用的时间状语有these days、recently、lately、in the past/last few＋时间段、since＋时间点、for＋时间段等。 *All these years they have been contributing articles to our magazine. 这些年来，他们一直在为我们的杂志写稿。 2．表示到目前为止的一段时间里一直在反复进行的动作。 *We have been seeing each other quite a lot recently. 最近我们常常见面。 将来时态 (一)一般将来时（will/shall+动词原形） 1．“will/shall＋动词原形”表示现在看将来要发生的动作或存在的状态。“will＋动词原形”还可以表示说话人临时作出的决定。 *It is said that he will retire next month. 据说他将于下个月退休。 2．“be going to＋动词原形”表示打算、计划、决定要做的事或肯定要发生的事；表示说话人根据已有的事实或迹象，推测某事即将发生。 *Look at the cloud. It looks as if it is going to rain.　瞧那乌云，看起来要下雨了。 3．“be about to＋动词原形”表示打算或根据安排即将发生的动作。它不与表示具体时间的状语连用，但可以与when连用。 *The English Evening is about to start. 英语晚会即将开始。 4．“be to＋动词原形”表示约定的、计划中的或按职责、义务将要发生的动作，这种动作通常是人的意志所能控制的，或用于征求意见。 *You are to hand in your papers by 10 o'clock. 你要在10点前上交论文。 (二)过去将来时（would/should+动词原形） 表示从过去的某一时间来看将来要发生的动作或存在的状态。过去将来时常用于宾语从句和间接引语中。 *She was sure she would succeed. 她确信她会成功。 完成时态 (一)现在完成时（has/have done） 1．表示过去发生的动作对现在产生的影响或结果，或说话时刚刚完成的动作。常用的时间状语有recently、lately、up to/till now、so far、in the past/last few months/years等。 *China's high­speed railways have grown from 9，000 to 25，000 kilometers in the past few years. 在过去的几年中，中国的高速铁路从9 000公里增长到了25 000公里。 2．表示从过去开始，持续到现在的动作或状态，往往和“for...”“since...”引起的时间状语(从句)连用。 *They have worked here since they left college. 他们从大学毕业就在这里工作了。 (二)过去完成时（had done） 1．表示从过去某一时刻开始，一直延续到过去另一时刻的动作或状态，即“从过去到过去”。 *When Jack arrived, Mary had been away for almost an hour. 当杰克到达时，玛丽已经离开快一个小时了。 2．在“hardly/scarcely...when...”“no sooner...than...”句型结构中，主句用过去完成时，且常用部分倒装，从句用一般过去时，意为“一……就……”。　 *No sooner had we been seated than the bus started. 我们刚坐下，公交车就启动了。 3．句子中有by、by the end of、by the time、until、before等后接表示过去某一时间的短语或从句，其谓语动词则表示在某一时刻或某一动作之前已经完成了的动作，即“过去的过去”。 *By the end of last year, we had produced 20，000 cars. 到去年年底，我们已经生产了20 000辆汽车。 4．表示过去未曾实现的希望、打算、意图、诺言等。常用had hoped/planned/meant/intended/thought/wanted/expected等，或用上述动词的过去式接不定式的完成式表示，即“hoped/planned/...＋to have done”。 *I had hoped to send Peter a gift to congratulate him on his marriage, but I couldn't manage it. 我本希望送彼得一件礼物来祝贺他结婚，但我没做到。 (三)将来完成时（will/shall have done） 表示在将来某一时间以前已经完成或一直持续的动作。常与“by+将来的时间”等时间状语连用。 *By the time we graduate from senior high school, we will have mastered thousands of English words. 等到我们高中毕业时，我们就已经掌握数千个英语单词了。 *By the end of this summer vacation, I will have finished reading all the recommended English classics. 到今年暑假结束，我就会读完所有推荐的英文经典读物。 （四） 现在完成进行时（has/have been doing） 表示从过去某时开始的动作一直持续到现在,这个动作可能刚刚结束,也可能仍在继续,强调动作的持续过程。 *I have been practicing oral English every day since the beginning of this term to prepare for the speech contest. 从这学期开始，我每天都在练习英语口语，为演讲比赛做准备。 *Our class has been carrying out environmental protection activities for two months, which greatly improves our awareness of protecting wildlife. 我们班已经持续开展环保活动两个月了，这极大提升了我们保护野生动物的意识。 巩固训练——单句语法填空 1．And ineffective tilling (耕作) means some seeds won't take and yield ____________ (drop)． 2．Nowadays, many across the world ____________(be) eager to learn about China through stories about Chinese civilization and contemporary China. 3．According to the latest data, the total area of China's mangrove forests in 2020 ____________(be) 289 square kilometers, and over 70 square kilometers of mangroves are newly planted and restored now. 4．Since then, all government units, organizations and street communities ____________(organize) a yearly autumn trip for those who have retired from their posts. 5．That was the first time I ____________(experience) sandstorms and I don't ever want to be in one again. 【动词的语态】 被动语态的构成为“be＋过去分词”， 被动语态的构成形式还有“get/become＋过去分词”。只有及物动词或相当于及物动词的短语才有被动语态，不及物动词或短语无被动语态。 1．被动语态的构成 时态 被动语态的构成 一般现在时 am/is/are done 一般过去时 was/were done 一般将来时 shall/will be done 现在进行时 am/is/are being done 过去进行时 was/were being done 现在完成时 have/has been done 过去完成时 had been done 2.被动语态的用法 (1)不知道或没有必要指明动作的执行者。 *Attention, please! A meeting will be held in the office at 8：00 am tomorrow. Everyone is expected to attend on time.　请注意！明天上午八点将在办公室召开会议。望大家准时参加。 (2)强调或突出动作的承受者。 *The woman was taken to hospital. 那位女士被送到了医院。 (3)动作执行者被较长的修饰语修饰。 *The idea was supported by those who wished to make much money. 那些想挣很多钱的人支持那个主意。 [名师点津]　(1)动词短语在含被动语态的句子中作谓语时，切不可丢掉后面的介词或副词。 *The plan will be given up. 将要放弃这项计划。 *Bad habits have been done away with. 坏习惯已经改掉了。 (2)含情态动词的被动语态形式是：情态动词＋be＋过去分词。 *He must be prevented from going. 必须阻止他去。 *The plan ought to be put into practice as soon as possible. 这项计划应该尽早付诸实施。 (3)“get＋过去分词”可以表示被动，此结构比较口语化。 *The patient got treated once a week. 那位病人一周进行一次治疗。 3．主动形式表示被动意义 (1)表示感受、感官的系动词如feel、sound、taste、look等，后面跟形容词、名词构成系表结构，常常以主动形式表示被动意义，指其本身具有的属性、特征等。 *Her voice sounds beautiful. 她的声音很好听。 (2)当sell、read、draw、wash、write、open、wear、run、burn等不及物动词后有状语(well/easily等)修饰，并用来表示主语的内在品质或性能时，用主动形式表示被动意义。 *This kind of radio doesn't sell well. 这种收音机卖得不好。 巩固训练——单句语法填空 1．This time he ____________(equip) with a newly acquired technique, which enabled most of the planted trees, well over 80%, to survive. 2．The concept ____________(spread) into the worlds of music, dance and TV dramas so far. 3．The exam questions should focus on basic knowledge and skills, and the number of questions focusing on rote (死记硬背的) learning should ____________(reduce), the notice said. 4．The history of steam power goes all the way back to the 1700s. At the time, steam ____________(use) to power many different machines and helped fuel the Industrial Revolution. 【主谓一致】 语法一致原则 主语的单复数决定了谓语动词的单复数。 1．动名词、动词不定式、从句、不定代词作主语时，谓语动词常用单数形式。 *Listening to music makes me relaxed after a busy day. 忙碌了一天之后，听音乐使我感到很放松。 [名师点津]　what引导的从句作主语时，谓语动词一般用单数形式；但如果从句表示复数意义，则谓语动词用复数形式。 *What he says and does does not concern me. 他的言行与我无关。 *What he says and does do not agree. 他的言行不一致。 2．主语后有with、together with、along with、except、besides、as well as等加名词或代词构成另一主语时，谓语动词的数要与前面的主语保持一致。 *Amy, as well as her brothers, was given a warm welcome when returning to the village last week. 艾米和她的兄弟们上周回到村里时受到了热烈的欢迎。 [名师点津](1)and、both...and...连接两个不同的主语时，谓语动词用复数形式；但如果由and连接的两个名词表示同一个人或物时，谓语动词用单数形式。 *The singer and dancer is to attend our evening party. 那位歌舞演员将参加我们的晚会。 (2)定语从句中关系代词作主语时，从句中的谓语动词要与先行词保持一致。 *My friend showed me around the town, which was very attractive.　我的朋友带我参观了这个非常迷人的小镇。 (3)“many a/more than one＋单数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。each、every、no所修饰的名词作主语时，即使由and连接，谓语动词仍用单数形式。 *Many a parent has had to go through this same painful process. 很多父母不得不经历这种同样痛苦的过程。 *Every boy and every girl wishes to attend the party to be held on Sunday. 每个男孩和女孩都希望参加周日举行的聚会。 3．“the＋形容词”表示一类人，在句中作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。 *The sick have been cured and the lost have been found. 患病的人痊愈，同时失踪的人也找到了。 意义一致原则 意义一致原则指不管主语的形式是单数还是复数，主语的意义决定了谓语动词的单复数。 1．集体名词作主语时，若被看作一个整体，谓语动词用单数形式；若被看作构成集体的一个个成员，谓语动词用复数形式。常见的集体名词有family、class、team、group、public、committee、government、audience等。 *The whole class were told to stay behind after school.　全班的学生都被告知放学后留下。 2．“分数/百分数/the majority＋of＋名词”作主语时，谓语动词的单复数取决于of后名词的数以及其表示的意义。all、some、half、most、the rest等作主语时，谓语动词的单复数取决于主语实际表达的意义。 *About one third of the books were written by him. 这些书中大约有三分之一是他写的。 就近一致原则 1．由or、either...or...、neither...nor...、not only...but (also)．..、not...but...等连接的名词(短语)或代词作主语时，谓语动词的数常与最邻近的主语保持一致。 *Either you or one of your classmates is to attend the meeting that is due tomorrow.　你或者你的一名同学要去参加明天召开的会议。 2．由there、here引起的主语不止一个时，谓语动词的数通常和最邻近的主语保持一致。 *There are three chairs, a desk and a computer in the room. 房间里有三把椅子、一张桌子和一台电脑。 巩固训练——单句语法填空 1．The formation of each celadon (青瓷) __________(be) a process of life casting. Only after being burnt at around 1，300℃ for 400 hours can it be made into an object. 2．What ____________(make) people moved is not the film itself but the heroes of the war years. 3．However, as society____________(progress), the rapid rise in incomes and higher living standards will see more Chinese searching for experiences that are anything but traditional. 4．While we can't guard against all misfortunes and diseases, getting to know some first aid skills ____________(be) quite useful. 真题演练：时态语态50题 Ⅰ.单句语法填空 1.（2026全国Ⅰ卷） In the old days , transportation and communication_________ ( be ) so poor that it was challenging. 2.（2026全国II卷）Now I ___________ _(suppose) to feel the weight on my legs and sink my dan tian. 3.（2025新高考I卷）The players' personalities _________ (reveal) during the game, and one's weaknesses are exposed to the opponent. 4. （2025新高考I卷）And in the process, I’ve experienced and learned things that really surprise me at times. One of them _________ (be) the “sunshine scent” of freshly sunned clothes. 5.（2025浙江1月卷）Over the last two years, some supermarkets __________ (start) selling chicken or salad in packs designed with two halves containing separate portions.  6.（2025九省联考卷）Fountain pens __________ (use) in schools long ago and have been regaining popularity lately because they are refillable. 7.（2024新课标I卷）Some of the things that Tang was writing about _________ (be) also Shakespeare’s concerns. 8. （2024新课标I卷）Two years later, a six-meter-tall pavilion, inspired by The Peony Pavilion, _________ (build)at the Firs Garden, just ten minutes’ walk from Shakespeare’s birthplace. 9. （2024全国甲卷）They _________ (be) part of a 15-member exploring party that had spent almost five awesome weeks in witness of the natural beauties there. 10. （2024北京卷）When we slow down, we create space to reflect on our thoughts and emotions, which helps us identify important areas of our lives and _________ (give) us the opportunity to make right choices. 11. （2024北京卷）On April 5, 2024, John Tinniswood _________ (name) the world’s oldest living man. 12.（2023浙江卷首考）The large siheyuan of these high-ranking officials and wealthy businessmen often ________(feature) beautifully carved and painted roof beams and pillars（柱子）. 13. （2023全国甲卷）Carson proves that a simple lyric form that has been passed down through the ages can still _________ (employ) today to draw attention to important truths. 14. （2023全国乙卷）Having visited several times over the last 10 years, I _________ (amaze) by the co-existence of old and new, and how a city was able to keep such a rich heritage (遗产) while constantly growing. 15. （2023新高考II卷）As a little girl, I _________ (wish) to be a zookeeper when I grew up. 16. （2023北京卷）Up to now, China _________(establish) a number of protected areas with mangroves. 17. （2023北京卷）Soon after moving to Switzerland, I _________ (throw) a house-warming party and was greatly surprised when all 30 guests showed up exactly on time. 18. （2023北京卷）Years later, having moved to France. I turned up at the appointed hour for a dinner, only to find that no other guest _________ (arrive) and my hostess was still in her sleeping suit. 19.（2022新高考I卷）The GPNP _________ (design)to reflect the guiding principle of “protecting the authenticity and integrity(完整性)of natural ecosystems, preserving biological diversity, protecting ecological buffer zones, and leaving behind precious natural assets(资产)for future generations”. 20. （2022新高考I卷）The plan will extend protection to a significant number of areas that __________ (be) previously unprotected, bringing many of the existing protected areas for giant pandas under one authority to increase effectiveness and reduce inconsistencies in management. 21. （2022新高考II卷）Henry _________ (fix) his car when he heard the screams. He looked up and saw Eric hanging from the balcony. 22. （2022全国甲卷）In the last five years, Cao _________ (walk) through 34 countries in six continents, and in 2016, he reached the top of Kilimanjaro, Africa’s highest mountain. 23. （2022北京卷）This has been adopted to ensure easier detection of gas leaks. Gas naturally ________ (have) no recognizable smell. However, a strong smell is added so that we can raise the alarm when we detect the smell associated with danger. 24. （2022北京卷）The use of those plastics _________ (increase) by 300% since 2019. The world won’t survive if this situation continues. 25. （2022北京卷）Eventually, the man _________ (catch) up with her, and he was only trying to return her wallet! 26. （2022浙江卷）When he felt a 3D version of Leonardo da Vinci’s “Mona Lisa” he _________ (notice)her smile right away. ” I can actually feel what you see when you look at it,” he said. 27. （2022浙江1月卷）Travelling to conferences, lectures, workshops, and the like frequently by plane _________ (view) as important for scientists to get together and exchange information. 28. （2022浙江1月卷）But Cobb and others _________ (be) now questioning that idea pushing conferences to provide more chances to participate remotely, and changing their personal behavior to do their part in dealing with the climate change crisis. 29. （2022浙江1月卷）On a website called No Fly Climate Sci, for example, roughly 200 academics - many of them climate scientists _________ (promise) to fly as little as possible since the effort started two years ago.  30.（2021全国甲卷）The Xi'an City Wall is the most complete city wall that has survived China's long history. It _________ (build) originally to protect the city in the Tang dynasty and has now been completely restored (修复). 31. （2021全国甲卷）We _________ (hire) our bikes from the rental place at the South Gate. My bike was old and shaky but did the job. 32. （2021新高考I卷）What comes next is the endless series of steps. You can’t help wondering how hard it _________ (be) for the people then to put all those rocks into place. 33. （2021新高考II卷）I kept going. Whenever I heard of businesses using plastic, I'd send an email. One of the biggest companies I wrote to _________ (be) Alaska Airlines Paris. 34. （2021北京卷）As it _________ (connect) things, your brain turns them into a story, and you get a dream. 35. （2021北京卷）There _________ (be) a dramatic rise in the number of extreme weather events over the past 20 years, caused largely by rising global temperatures, according to a new report from the United Nations. 36. （2021浙江1月卷）It is calculated by dividing a person’s weight in kg by their height in meters squared, and a BMI of between 19 and 25 _________ (consider) healthy. 37. （2021浙江卷）After Lincoln was elected President of the US in 1861, they rented the house and _________ (sell) most of their furniture. 38. （2021浙江卷）It doesn’t impress like George Washington’s plantation on the Potomac, but Lincoln’s home in downtown Springfield, Illinois, _________ (prove) irresistible to visitors since it opened to the public. 39. （2021浙江卷）Mary’s niece wrote, "The little home _________ (paint) white. It was sweet and fresh. Mary loved it. She was extremely pretty, and her house was a reflection of herself, everything in good taste and in perfect order.  40.（2020全国I卷）Carle Pieters, a scientist at Brown University, says, “because it _________ (mean) we have the chance to obtain information”. 41.（2020全国I卷）Carle Pieters, a scientist at Brown University, says, “because it means we have the chance to obtain information about how the moon _________ (construct)”.  42.（2020全国II卷）This is why decorating with plants, fruits and flowers _________ (carry) special significance. They represent the earth coming back to life and best wishes for new beginnings. 43. （2020全国III卷）The artist was sure he would ______________ (choose), but when he presented his masterpiece to the emperor’s chief minister, the old man laughed. 44. （2020新高考I卷）The 80,000 objects collected by Sir Hans Sloane, for example, _________ (form) the core collection of the British Museum that opened in 1759. 45. （2020新高考I卷）The parts of a museum open to the public _________ (call) galleries or rooms. 46. （2020新高考I卷）Often, only a small part of a museum’s collection _________ (be) on display. Most of it is stored away or used for research. 47. （2020北京卷）Single-use plastic bags are used at most a few times before they_________ (throw) away. 48. （2020天津卷）The number of medical schools reached 18 in the early 1990s and ______________ (remain) around that level since. 49. （2020浙江卷）And, as more children were born, more food ______________ (need). 50. （2020全国I卷）The unmanned Chang’e-4 probe (探测器) - the name was inspired by an ancient Chinese moon goddess _________ (touch) down last week in the South Pole-Aitken basin.  Ⅱ.语法填空 The first zoo 1.____________(establish) around 3，500 years ago by an Egyptian queen for her personal enjoyment. Five hundred years later, a Chinese emperor 2. ____________(build) a huge zoo to show his power and wealth. Later zoos 3.____________(set) up for the purpose of studying animals. Some of the early European zoos 4. ____________(consist) of dark holes or dirty cages, the bad conditions of which made people disgusted. Later the zoos 5. ____________(replace) by research centers and animals there were studied and 6.____________ (keep) in good condition. These places became the first modern zoos. As early as the 1940s, scientists 7. ____________(understand) that many kinds of wild animals faced extinction. Since then, zoos 8.__________(try) to save many endangered species, but relying on zoos to save species is not enough. The best method of protection is to leave them in their natural habitat. Today, animals in large and natural reserves are fed a balanced diet and 9. ____________(watch) carefully for any signs of disease with specially trained keepers looking after them and some hospitals where they can be treated when ill, and all the animals there live a comfortable life. Anyway, it is true that zoo breeding programs 10. __________(play) an important role in protecting many species of wildlife now. 参考答案：1.were 2.am supposed 3.are revealed 4. is 5. have started 6.were used 7. were 8. was built 9. were 10. gives 11. was named 12. featured 13.be employed 14. was amazed 15. wished 16. has established 17. threw 18. had arrived   19.is designed 20. were 21. was fixing 22. has walked 23. has 24. has increased 25. caught 26. noticed 27. is viewed 28.  are 29. have promised 30.was built 31. hired 32. was 33. was 34. connects 35. has been 36. is considered 37. sold 38. has proved/has proven 39. was painted   40. means 41.is constructed 42. carries 43. be chosen 44. formed 45. are called 46. is 47. are thrown 48. has remained 49. was needed 50. touched  Ⅱ.语法填空 1. was established 2. built 3. were set 4. consisted 5. were replaced 6. kept 7. understood 8. have been trying 9. watched 10. are playing ​ 2 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $