内容正文:
八升九英语暑假衔接预习课(新教材人教版)
第五讲 过去进行时和现在完成时
◇Part 01 内 容 汇 总
内容
详情
过去进行时
用法讲解、即讲即练
现在完成时
用法讲解、即讲即练
知识过关练
选择题、填空题、完成句子
◇Part 02 语 法 知 识 讲 解
一、过去进行时用法讲解。
1、过去进行时的用法:
(1)用于描述过去某个时刻正在进行的动作。
例:I was doing my homework at 8 o'clock last night.(昨晚八点我正在做作业。)
They were playing basketball on the playground at that time yesterday.(昨天那个时候他们正在操场上打篮球。)
(2)用于描述过去某一段时间内持续进行的动作。
例:She was studying in the library all day yesterday.(她昨天一整天都在图书馆学习。)
It was raining heavily all night long.(大雨整整下了一夜。)
即讲即练
一、用所给单词的适当形式填空
1. I ______ (read) a novel at 9 o'clock last night.
2. They ______ (plant) trees all day yesterday.
二、单项选择题
3. — What were you doing at this time yesterday?
— I ______ the piano at home.
A. play B. played C. was playing D. am playing
三、完成句子
4. 昨天下午三点他正在打篮球。
He ______ ______ basketball at 3 o'clock yesterday afternoon.
5. 昨天整个晚上都在下大雪。
It ______ ______ heavily all night yesterday.
2、过去进行时的各种句式结构
(1)肯定句:主语+was/were+现在分词+其他.
当主语是第一、第三人称单数(I/he/she/it 等)或者不可数名词时,用 was;当主语是第二人称(you)或复数(we/they 等)或者可数名词复数时,用 were。
例:He was listening to music in his bedroom at that moment.(那个时候他正在卧室里听音乐。)
The students were having an English lesson when the bell rang.(铃声响的时候,学生们正在上英语课。)
(2)否定句:主语+was/were+not+现在分词+其他.
was not 可缩写为 wasn't,were not 可缩写为 weren't。
例:She wasn't sleeping when her mother came back home.(她妈妈回家的时候她没在睡觉。)
They weren't playing football on the playground at this time yesterday.(昨天这个时候他们没在操场上踢足球。)
(3)一般疑问句:Was/Were+主语+现在分词+其他?
肯定回答:Yes, 主语+was/were.
否定回答:No, 主语+wasn’t/weren’t.
例:— Was your sister watching TV at 9 o'clock last night?(昨晚九点你妹妹在看电视吗?)
— Yes, she was. / No, she wasn't.(是的,她在看。/ 不,她没看。)
— Were they having a party when you arrived?(你到的时候他们在开派对吗?)
— Yes, they were. / No, they weren't.(是的,他们在开。/ 不,他们没开。)
(4)特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词 + was/were + 主语 + 现在分词+其他?
例:— What was he doing at this time yesterday?(昨天这个时候他在做什么?)
— He was doing some cleaning in his room.(他正在房间里打扫卫生。)
— Where were you going when I saw you on the street?(我在街上见到你的时候,你要去哪里?)
— I was going to the library.(我要去图书馆。)
即讲即练
一、句型转换
1. He was doing his homework at that time.(改为否定句)
He ______ ______ his homework at that time.
2. They were having a meeting when I came in.(改为一般疑问句,并作否定回答)
— ______ they ______ a meeting when you came in?
— ______, they ______.
二、单项选择题
3. — Was your mother cooking when you got home?
— ______. She was washing clothes.
A. Yes, she was B. No, she wasn't C. Yes, she did D. No, she didn't
三、对划线部分提问
4. I was sleeping when the telephone rang.(对划线部分提问)
______ ______ you ______ when the telephone rang?
3、过去进行时的时间状语
和过去进行时连用的时间状语有:
· 表示过去的某个具体时间点,如at ten yesterday evening、at 8 o'clock last night、at noon yesterday、at that moment last week、this time yesterday。
例:At 8 o'clock last night, I was doing my math homework.(昨晚八点,我正在做数学作业。)
What were you doing at that moment last week?(上周那个时刻你正在做什么?)
· 表示过去的某个时间段,如from eight to twelve yesterday、all day yesterday。
例:The baby was sleeping all morning yesterday.(昨天整个上午婴儿都在睡觉。)
We were practicing the dance from 4:00 to 6:00 yesterday afternoon.(昨天下午四点到六点,我们一直在练习舞蹈。)
· when, while引导的时间状语从句。
例:I was taking a shower when the phone rang.(电话响的时候,我正在洗澡。)
While my mother was cooking dinner, I was setting the table.(妈妈做晚饭的时候,我正在摆放餐具。)
They were walking in the park when it began to rain.(天开始下雨的时候,他们正在公园里散步。)
【注意】用“when”“while”引导时间状语从句,来表明一个动作发生时,另一个动作正在进行。
(1)while引导的从句中的动词多为延续性动词,强调两个动作同时进行,两个句子都可以用过去进行时
例:While my father was reading newspapers, my brother was playing the piano.(我爸爸在看报纸时,我弟弟正 在弹钢琴。)
While the teacher was explaining the rule, the students were taking notes.(老师讲解规则的时候,学生们正在做笔记。)
(2)when引导的从句中的动词多为短暂性动词,过去进行时通常用在主句中。
例:We were walking to school when the rain started.(我们正在步行去学校,突然下雨了。)
The students were running out of the classroom when the bell rang.(铃声响的时候,学生们正跑出教室。)
即讲即练
一、用 when 或 while 填空
1. ______ my mother was cleaning the room, I was doing my homework.
2. I was walking in the street ______ it began to rain.
3. ______ I got to the bus stop, the bus was waiting there.
4. ______ the kids were playing outside, their parents were talking inside.
二、单项选择题
5. ______ Tom was listening to music, his sister was practicing the violin.
A. When B. While C. Before D. After
6. What were you doing ______ the teacher came in?
A. while B. when C. since D. because
4、过去进行时与一般过去时的区别
(1)过去进行时强调动作在过去某时刻正在进行或持续,而一般过去时表示动作的完成。
例:He was writing his composition last night.(他昨晚在写作文。—— 强调动作在进行,不一定写完)
He wrote his composition last night.(他昨晚写了一篇作文。—— 强调动作已完成)
(2)表示过去的状态、感觉及心理活动的静态动词(如be, like, love, hate, fear, own, hear, see, know, want, notice)可用于一般过去时,但通常不用于进行时。
例:I hated it when a man spoke with his mouth full of food.(我讨厌人们说话时口里含着食物。—— 不能用 was hating)
She knew the answer to the math problem immediately.(她立刻就知道那道数学题的答案了。—— 不能用 was knowing)
即讲即练
一、用所给词的适当形式填空
1. He ______ (write) a letter to his friend last night.(强调动作已完成)
2. He ______ (write) a letter to his friend at 8 last night.(强调动作正在进行)
二、单项选择题
3. He ______ the work yesterday and went home early.
A. finished B. was finishing C. finishes D. is finishing
4. — Did you see the film yesterday?
— Yes, I ______ my homework when the film began.
A. do B. did C. was doing D. am doing
二、现在完成时用法讲解。
1. 现在完成时的用法。
现在完成时态主要有以下两种用法:
(1)表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或结果。
例:I have lost my key, so I can't open the door now.(我把钥匙弄丢了,所以我现在打不开门。)
He has already eaten breakfast, so he is not hungry.(他已经吃过早饭了,所以他不饿。)
(2)表示过去已经开始,持续到现在的动作或状态。
例:I have lived in this city since I was born.(自从我出生起,我就一直住在这座城市。)
She has studied English for five years.(她学英语已经五年了。)
即讲即练
一、用所给词的适当形式填空
1. I ______ already ______ (finish) my homework, so I can play basketball now.
2. My grandma ______ (live) in this village since she was born.
二、单项选择题
3. — Where is Tom?
— He ______ to the library. He will be back soon.
A. goes B. went C. has gone D. has been
4. I ______ in this school for three years.
A. study B. studied C. have studied D. am studying
三、完成句子
5. 我已经看过这部电影了,不想再看了。
I ______ already ______ the film. I don't want to watch it again.
6. 他学英语已经十年了。
He ______ ______ English for ten years.
2. 现在完成时的基本结构
(1)肯定句:主语 + have/has + 动词过去分词 + 其他。
当主语是第一人称(I、we)、第二人称(you)或复数(they 等)时,用 have;当主语是第三人称单数(he、she、it 等)时,用 has。
例:I have finished my science project.(我已经完成了我的科学项目。)
She has visited the Great Wall twice.(她去过长城两次。)
(2)否定句:主语 + have/has + not +动词过去分词 + 其他。
have not 可缩写为 haven't,has not 可缩写为 hasn't。
例:I haven't read this book yet, so I don't know the ending.(我还没读这本书,所以我不知道结局。)
He hasn't decided where to go for his summer holiday.(他还没决定暑假去哪里。)
(3)一般疑问句:Have/Has + 主语 + 动词过去分词 + 其他?
回答:肯定 Yes, I have. /Yes, she has. ;否定 No, she hasn't. /No, I haven't.
例:— Have you ever been to Shanghai?(你曾经去过上海吗?)
— Yes, I have. / No, I haven't.(是的,我去过。/ 不,我没去过。)
— Has she finished her homework yet?(她做完作业了吗?)
— Yes, she has. / No, she hasn't.(是的,她做完了。/ 不,她还没做完。)
(4)特殊疑问句:①特殊疑问词 + have/has+主语+过去分词+其他?(疑问词不作主语)
②疑问词 + have/has + 过去分词 + 其他成分?(疑问词作主语)
例:Where have you put my English dictionary?(你把我的英语词典放哪儿了?—— 疑问词不作主语)
How many books has he read this year?(他今年读了多少本书?—— 疑问词不作主语)
What has happened to your bike?(你的自行车出什么事了?—— 疑问词作主语)
即讲即练
一、句型转换
1. He has already finished the work.(改为否定句)
He ______ finished the work ______.
2. They have been to Beijing twice.(改为一般疑问句,并作肯定回答)
— ______ they ______ to Beijing twice?
— ______, they ______.
二、单项选择题
3. — Have you ever been to the West Lake?
— ______. I went there last summer.
A. Yes, I have B. No, I haven't C. Yes, I do D. No, I don't
三、对划线部分提问
4. She has lived here for 20 years.(对划线部分提问)
______ ______ ______ she lived here?
3. 动词原形变动词过去分词的规则
规则类型
变化方式
示例
一般情况
直接加 -ed
talk → talked
以 e 结尾
加 -d
dance → danced
辅音字母 + y 结尾
变 y 为 i,再加 -ed
study → studied
末尾为重读闭音节
双写末尾辅音字母,再加 -ed
stop → stopped
以“辅音字母 + 元音 + 辅音”结尾且重读
双写末尾辅音字母,再加 -ed
plan → planned
不规则的需要重点记忆:不仅仅限于所列的这些
go→gone、do→done、get→got、make→made、read→read、be→been、take→taken、tell→told
give→given
例:I have stopped smoking because I want to keep healthy.(我已经戒烟了,因为我想保持健康。—— 重读闭音节双写加-ed)
She has studied very hard for the final exam.(她为了期末考试学习非常刻苦。—— 辅音+y结尾变i加-ed)
My father has taken the dog for a walk.(我爸爸已经遛过狗了。—— 不规则变化 take→taken)
即讲即练
一、用所给词的适当形式填空
1. We have ______ (plan) to have a picnic this weekend.
2. She has ______ (give) me a lot of help.
4. 现在完成时态的标志词或时间状语。
现在完成时常见的标志词或时间状语有:
· already(已经,用于肯定句 )、yet(已经,用于否定句和疑问句 )、just(刚刚 )、ever(曾经 )、never(从不 )。
例:I have already told him the good news.(我已经告诉他这个好消息了。)
Have you finished your lunch yet?(你吃完午饭了吗?)
She has never eaten Beijing Roast Duck before.(她以前从未吃过北京烤鸭。)
· “for + 时间段” 或 “since + 过去的时间点 / 从句(从句用一般过去时 )” 。
例:He has been a teacher for ten years.(他当老师已经十年了。)
I have kept this diary since 2020.(我从2020年起就一直保留着这本日记。)
We have been good friends since we met at the camp.(自从我们在夏令营相识后,我们就成了好朋友。)
· 与表示包含过去和现在的一整段时间的状语连用,如lately, recently, in the past few years, these few years, these days, so far等。
例:Great changes have taken place in my hometown in the past few years.(在过去的几年里,我的家乡发生了巨大的变化。)
I have read three English novels so far.(到目前为止,我已经读了三本英文小说。)
He has been very busy with his schoolwork recently.(最近他的学业非常繁忙。)
即讲即练
一、单项选择题
1. Great changes ______ in my hometown in the past few years.
A. took place B. take place C. have taken place D. are taking place
2. — Have you ______ heard of the story?
— No, never.
A. already B. ever C. still D. yet
◇Part 03 知 识 过 关 练
一、选择题
1. — What were you doing at 7 o'clock yesterday evening?
— I ______ TV with my parents.
A. watch B. watched C. was watching D. am watching
2. My mother ______ dinner when I got home yesterday.
A. cooks B. cooked C. is cooking D. was cooking
3. ______ the students were talking, the teacher came in.
A. When B. While C. Before D. After
4. I ______ this book. I ______ it last week.
A. have read; read B. read; read C. have read; have read D. read; have read
5. He ______ in this factory since 2018.
A. works B. worked C. has worked D. is working
6. — Have you ______ been to the new museum?
— No, I haven't.
A. ever B. already C. never D. still
7. — Where is Lily?
— She ______ to the supermarket. She will be back in an hour.
A. has been B. has gone C. went D. goes
8. It ______ heavily when I left school yesterday.
A. is raining B. rains C. was raining D. rained
9. I have ______ finished my homework. I finished it ten minutes ago.
A. yet B. already C. ever D. never
10. While I ______ for the bus, I met an old friend.
A. wait B. waited C. was waiting D. am waiting
二、填空题(用所给词的适当形式填空)
11. My father ______ (read) newspapers at 8 last night.
12. They ______ (plant) trees from 2 to 4 yesterday afternoon.
13. I ______ (not hear) from him since last year.
14. She ______ (write) two novels so far.
15. When the bell rang, we ______ (have) a Chinese class.
16. The children ______ (not play) football at this time yesterday.
17. — ______ you ever ______ (try) Japanese food?
— Yes, I have.
18. He ______ (be) a soldier for three years.
19. While my mom ______ (cook), I was doing my homework.
20. I ______ just ______ (receive) his letter.
三、完成句子
21. 我到家的时候,妹妹正在弹钢琴。
My sister ______ ______ the piano when I got home.
22. 你曾经去过长城吗?
______ you ever ______ ______ the Great Wall?
23. He was doing his homework at that time.(改为一般疑问句,并作否定回答)
— ______ he ______ his homework at that time?
— ______, he ______.
24. They have lived here for 15 years.(对划线部分提问)
______ ______ have they lived here?
25. 他已经学了五年英语了。
He ______ ______ English for five years.
26. 昨天晚上八点你在做什么?
What ______ you ______ at 8 o'clock last night?
27. I have already cleaned the room.(改为否定句)
I ______ cleaned the room ______.
28. 当我路过的时候,他们正在讨论这个问题。
They ______ ______ about the problem when I passed by.
29. 到目前为止,我们已经学了两千个单词。
We ______ ______ 2000 words so far.
30. 她离开的时候天正下着雪。
It ______ ______ when she left.
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八升九英语暑假衔接预习课(新教材人教版)
第五讲 过去进行时和现在完成时
◇Part 01 内 容 汇 总
内容
详情
过去进行时
用法讲解、即讲即练
现在完成时
用法讲解、即讲即练
知识过关练
选择题、填空题、完成句子
◇Part 02 语 法 知 识 讲 解
一、过去进行时用法讲解。
1、过去进行时的用法:
(1)用于描述过去某个时刻正在进行的动作。
例:I was doing my homework at 8 o'clock last night.(昨晚八点我正在做作业。)
They were playing basketball on the playground at that time yesterday.(昨天那个时候他们正在操场上打篮球。)
(2)用于描述过去某一段时间内持续进行的动作。
例:She was studying in the library all day yesterday.(她昨天一整天都在图书馆学习。)
It was raining heavily all night long.(大雨整整下了一夜。)
即讲即练
一、用所给单词的适当形式填空
1. I ______ (read) a novel at 9 o'clock last night.
【答案】was reading
【详解】句意:昨晚九点我正在读一本小说。本题考查过去进行时的基本用法。at 9 o'clock last night 是过去的具体时间点,表示该时刻动作正在进行,用过去进行时,结构为 was/were + 现在分词;主语 I 对应 be 动词 was,read 的现在分词是 reading,故填 was reading。
2. They ______ (plant) trees all day yesterday.
【答案】were planting
【详解】句意:他们昨天一整天都在种树。本题考查过去进行时表示过去某段时间内持续动作的用法。all day yesterday 是过去的时间段,强调动作在该时段内持续进行,用过去进行时;主语 They 是复数,be 动词用 were,plant 的现在分词是 planting,故填 were planting。
二、单项选择题
3. — What were you doing at this time yesterday?
— I ______ the piano at home.
A. play B. played C. was playing D. am playing
【答案】C
【详解】句意:—— 昨天这个时候你在做什么?—— 我正在家里弹钢琴。本题考查过去进行时的用法。at this time yesterday 是过去的具体时间点,询问当时正在进行的动作,需用过去进行时,结构为 was/were + 现在分词,故选 C。
三、完成句子
4. 昨天下午三点他正在打篮球。
He ______ ______ basketball at 3 o'clock yesterday afternoon.
【答案】was playing
【详解】句意:昨天下午三点他正在打篮球。本题考查过去进行时的基本用法。at 3 o'clock yesterday afternoon 是过去的具体时间点,动作正在进行,用过去进行时;主语 He 是第三人称单数,be 动词用 was,play 的现在分词是 playing,故填 was playing。
5. 昨天整个晚上都在下大雪。
It ______ ______ heavily all night yesterday.
【答案】was snowing
【详解】句意:昨天整个晚上都在下大雪。本题考查过去进行时表示持续动作的用法。all night yesterday 是过去的时间段,降雪动作持续进行,用过去进行时;主语 It 对应 be 动词 was,snow 的现在分词是 snowing,故填 was snowing。
2、过去进行时的各种句式结构
(1)肯定句:主语+was/were+现在分词+其他.
当主语是第一、第三人称单数(I/he/she/it 等)或者不可数名词时,用 was;当主语是第二人称(you)或复数(we/they 等)或者可数名词复数时,用 were。
例:He was listening to music in his bedroom at that moment.(那个时候他正在卧室里听音乐。)
The students were having an English lesson when the bell rang.(铃声响的时候,学生们正在上英语课。)
(2)否定句:主语+was/were+not+现在分词+其他.
was not 可缩写为 wasn't,were not 可缩写为 weren't。
例:She wasn't sleeping when her mother came back home.(她妈妈回家的时候她没在睡觉。)
They weren't playing football on the playground at this time yesterday.(昨天这个时候他们没在操场上踢足球。)
(3)一般疑问句:Was/Were+主语+现在分词+其他?
肯定回答:Yes, 主语+was/were.
否定回答:No, 主语+wasn’t/weren’t.
例:— Was your sister watching TV at 9 o'clock last night?(昨晚九点你妹妹在看电视吗?)
— Yes, she was. / No, she wasn't.(是的,她在看。/ 不,她没看。)
— Were they having a party when you arrived?(你到的时候他们在开派对吗?)
— Yes, they were. / No, they weren't.(是的,他们在开。/ 不,他们没开。)
(4)特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词 + was/were + 主语 + 现在分词+其他?
例:— What was he doing at this time yesterday?(昨天这个时候他在做什么?)
— He was doing some cleaning in his room.(他正在房间里打扫卫生。)
— Where were you going when I saw you on the street?(我在街上见到你的时候,你要去哪里?)
— I was going to the library.(我要去图书馆。)
即讲即练
一、句型转换
1. He was doing his homework at that time.(改为否定句)
He ______ ______ his homework at that time.
【答案】wasn't doing
【详解】句意:那时他正在做作业。本题考查过去进行时的否定句结构。过去进行时的否定句直接在 was/were 后加 not,was not 可缩写为 wasn't,后面保持现在分词形式不变,故填 wasn't doing。
2. They were having a meeting when I came in.(改为一般疑问句,并作否定回答)
— ______ they ______ a meeting when you came in?
— ______, they ______.
【答案】Were; having; No; weren't
【详解】句意:我进来的时候他们正在开会。本题考查过去进行时的一般疑问句及回答。过去进行时的一般疑问句需将 was/were 提到句首,后面现在分词保持不变;主语 they 对应 were,句首首字母大写。否定回答结构为 “No, 主语 + weren't”,故填 Were; having; No; weren't。
二、单项选择题
3. — Was your mother cooking when you got home?
— ______. She was washing clothes.
A. Yes, she was B. No, she wasn't C. Yes, she did D. No, she didn't
【答案】B
【详解】句意:—— 你到家的时候你妈妈正在做饭吗?—— 不,她没有。她正在洗衣服。本题考查过去进行时一般疑问句的回答。以 Was 开头的一般疑问句,回答需保持时态一致,用 was/were;根据后一句她在洗衣服,可知是否定回答,故选 B。
三、对划线部分提问
4. I was sleeping when the telephone rang.(对划线部分提问)
______ ______ you ______ when the telephone rang?
【答案】What were; doing
【详解】句意:电话响的时候我正在睡觉。本题考查过去进行时的特殊疑问句。划线部分是正在进行的动作,用 What 提问;过去进行时特殊疑问句结构为 “特殊疑问词 + was/were + 主语 + 现在分词”,主语是 you,be 动词用 were,实义动词用 doing 替代,故填 What were; doing。
3、过去进行时的时间状语
和过去进行时连用的时间状语有:
· 表示过去的某个具体时间点,如at ten yesterday evening、at 8 o'clock last night、at noon yesterday、at that moment last week、this time yesterday。
例:At 8 o'clock last night, I was doing my math homework.(昨晚八点,我正在做数学作业。)
What were you doing at that moment last week?(上周那个时刻你正在做什么?)
· 表示过去的某个时间段,如from eight to twelve yesterday、all day yesterday。
例:The baby was sleeping all morning yesterday.(昨天整个上午婴儿都在睡觉。)
We were practicing the dance from 4:00 to 6:00 yesterday afternoon.(昨天下午四点到六点,我们一直在练习舞蹈。)
· when, while引导的时间状语从句。
例:I was taking a shower when the phone rang.(电话响的时候,我正在洗澡。)
While my mother was cooking dinner, I was setting the table.(妈妈做晚饭的时候,我正在摆放餐具。)
They were walking in the park when it began to rain.(天开始下雨的时候,他们正在公园里散步。)
【注意】用“when”“while”引导时间状语从句,来表明一个动作发生时,另一个动作正在进行。
(1)while引导的从句中的动词多为延续性动词,强调两个动作同时进行,两个句子都可以用过去进行时
例:While my father was reading newspapers, my brother was playing the piano.(我爸爸在看报纸时,我弟弟正 在弹钢琴。)
While the teacher was explaining the rule, the students were taking notes.(老师讲解规则的时候,学生们正在做笔记。)
(2)when引导的从句中的动词多为短暂性动词,过去进行时通常用在主句中。
例:We were walking to school when the rain started.(我们正在步行去学校,突然下雨了。)
The students were running out of the classroom when the bell rang.(铃声响的时候,学生们正跑出教室。)
即讲即练
一、用 when 或 while 填空
1. ______ my mother was cleaning the room, I was doing my homework.
2. I was walking in the street ______ it began to rain.
3. ______ I got to the bus stop, the bus was waiting there.
4. ______ the kids were playing outside, their parents were talking inside.
【答案】1. While 2. when 3. When 4. While
【详解】1. 句意:妈妈打扫房间的时候,我正在做作业。本题考查 while 的用法。while 引导的从句动词多为延续性动词,强调两个动作同时进行,从句常用过去进行时;句首首字母大写,故填 While。
2. 句意:我正在街上走,突然开始下雨了。本题考查 when 的用法。began 是短暂性动词,用 when 引导时间状语从句,表示一个短暂动作发生时,另一个持续动作正在进行,故填 when。
3. 句意:我到公交站的时候,公交车正在那儿等着。本题考查 when 的用法。got 是短暂性动词,用 when 引导从句;句首首字母大写,故填 When。
4. 句意:孩子们在外面玩的时候,他们的父母在里面聊天。本题考查 while 的用法。两个动作都是延续性的,同时进行,都用过去进行时,用 while 连接;句首首字母大写,故填 While。
二、单项选择题
5. ______ Tom was listening to music, his sister was practicing the violin.
A. When B. While C. Before D. After
【答案】B
【详解】句意:汤姆在听音乐的时候,他姐姐正在练小提琴。本题考查 while 引导时间状语从句的用法。两个动作都是延续性的,同时进行,都用过去进行时,需用 while 连接,故选 B。
6. What were you doing ______ the teacher came in?
A. while B. when C. since D. because
【答案】B
【详解】句意:老师进来的时候你正在做什么?本题考查 when 引导时间状语从句的用法。came 是短暂性动词,用 when 引导从句,表示短暂动作发生时,另一个动作正在进行,故选 B。
4、过去进行时与一般过去时的区别
(1)过去进行时强调动作在过去某时刻正在进行或持续,而一般过去时表示动作的完成。
例:He was writing his composition last night.(他昨晚在写作文。—— 强调动作在进行,不一定写完)
He wrote his composition last night.(他昨晚写了一篇作文。—— 强调动作已完成)
(2)表示过去的状态、感觉及心理活动的静态动词(如be, like, love, hate, fear, own, hear, see, know, want, notice)可用于一般过去时,但通常不用于进行时。
例:I hated it when a man spoke with his mouth full of food.(我讨厌人们说话时口里含着食物。—— 不能用 was hating)
She knew the answer to the math problem immediately.(她立刻就知道那道数学题的答案了。—— 不能用 was knowing)
即讲即练
一、用所给词的适当形式填空
1. He ______ (write) a letter to his friend last night.(强调动作已完成)
2. He ______ (write) a letter to his friend at 8 last night.(强调动作正在进行)
【答案】1. wrote 2. was writing
【详解】1. 句意:他昨晚给他朋友写了一封信。本题考查一般过去时与过去进行时的区别。last night 表示过去时间,强调动作已经完成,用一般过去时;write 的过去式是 wrote,故填 wrote。
2. 句意:昨晚八点他正在给朋友写信。本题考查过去进行时的用法。at 8 last night 是过去的具体时间点,强调动作当时正在进行,不一定完成,用过去进行时,故填 was writing。
二、单项选择题
3. He ______ the work yesterday and went home early.
A. finished B. was finishing C. finishes D. is finishing
【答案】A
【详解】句意:他昨天完成了工作,早早回家了。本题考查一般过去时的用法。yesterday 是过去时间,and 连接两个并列的过去动作,强调动作已完成;finish 是短暂性动词,不用于进行时,用一般过去时,故选 A。
4. — Did you see the film yesterday?
— Yes, I ______ my homework when the film began.
A. do B. did C. was doing D. am doing
【答案】C
【详解】句意:—— 你昨天看电影了吗?—— 看了,电影开始的时候我正在做作业。本题考查过去进行时与一般过去时的区别。电影开始是短暂动作,用一般过去时;当时正在做作业是持续动作,用过去进行时,故选 C。
二、现在完成时用法讲解。
1. 现在完成时的用法。
现在完成时态主要有以下两种用法:
(1)表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或结果。
例:I have lost my key, so I can't open the door now.(我把钥匙弄丢了,所以我现在打不开门。)
He has already eaten breakfast, so he is not hungry.(他已经吃过早饭了,所以他不饿。)
(2)表示过去已经开始,持续到现在的动作或状态。
例:I have lived in this city since I was born.(自从我出生起,我就一直住在这座城市。)
She has studied English for five years.(她学英语已经五年了。)
即讲即练
一、用所给词的适当形式填空
1. I ______ already ______ (finish) my homework, so I can play basketball now.
【答案】have; finished
【详解】句意:我已经完成作业了,所以现在可以去打篮球了。本题考查现在完成时的用法。过去完成作业的动作对现在造成了 “可以出去玩” 的影响,符合现在完成时 “过去动作对现在的影响” 这一用法;主语 I 用助动词 have,finish 的过去分词是 finished,故填 have; finished。
2. My grandma ______ (live) in this village since she was born.
【答案】has lived
【详解】句意:我奶奶从出生起就住在这个村子里。本题考查现在完成时表示持续动作的用法。since 引导的时间状语从句表示动作从过去开始持续到现在,用现在完成时;主语 My grandma 是第三人称单数,助动词用 has,live 的过去分词是 lived,故填 has lived。
二、单项选择题
3. — Where is Tom?
— He ______ to the library. He will be back soon.
A. goes B. went C. has gone D. has been
【答案】C
【详解】句意:—— 汤姆在哪里?—— 他去图书馆了,很快就回来。本题考查现在完成时表示过去动作对现在的影响。have gone to 表示 “去了某地还未返回”,符合 “很快回来” 的语境;主语 He 是第三人称单数,助动词用 has,故选 C。
4. I ______ in this school for three years.
A. study B. studied C. have studied D. am studying
【答案】C
【详解】句意:我在这所学校已经学习三年了。本题考查现在完成时表示持续状态的用法。for + 时间段表示动作从过去持续到现在,用现在完成时,故选 C。
三、完成句子
5. 我已经看过这部电影了,不想再看了。
I ______ already ______ the film. I don't want to watch it again.
【答案】have; watched
【详解】句意:我已经看过这部电影了,不想再看了。本题考查现在完成时表示过去动作对现在的影响。过去看电影对现在的影响是 “不想再看”,用现在完成时;主语 I 用 have,watch 的过去分词是 watched,故填 have; watched。
6. 他学英语已经十年了。
He ______ ______ English for ten years.
【答案】has learned /has studied
【详解】句意:他学英语已经十年了。本题考查现在完成时表示持续动作。for ten years 是时间段,动作从过去持续到现在,用现在完成时;主语 He 是第三人称单数,助动词用 has,故填 has learned /has studied。
2. 现在完成时的基本结构
(1)肯定句:主语 + have/has + 动词过去分词 + 其他。
当主语是第一人称(I、we)、第二人称(you)或复数(they 等)时,用 have;当主语是第三人称单数(he、she、it 等)时,用 has。
例:I have finished my science project.(我已经完成了我的科学项目。)
She has visited the Great Wall twice.(她去过长城两次。)
(2)否定句:主语 + have/has + not +动词过去分词 + 其他。
have not 可缩写为 haven't,has not 可缩写为 hasn't。
例:I haven't read this book yet, so I don't know the ending.(我还没读这本书,所以我不知道结局。)
He hasn't decided where to go for his summer holiday.(他还没决定暑假去哪里。)
(3)一般疑问句:Have/Has + 主语 + 动词过去分词 + 其他?
回答:肯定 Yes, I have. /Yes, she has. ;否定 No, she hasn't. /No, I haven't.
例:— Have you ever been to Shanghai?(你曾经去过上海吗?)
— Yes, I have. / No, I haven't.(是的,我去过。/ 不,我没去过。)
— Has she finished her homework yet?(她做完作业了吗?)
— Yes, she has. / No, she hasn't.(是的,她做完了。/ 不,她还没做完。)
(4)特殊疑问句:①特殊疑问词 + have/has+主语+过去分词+其他?(疑问词不作主语)
②疑问词 + have/has + 过去分词 + 其他成分?(疑问词作主语)
例:Where have you put my English dictionary?(你把我的英语词典放哪儿了?—— 疑问词不作主语)
How many books has he read this year?(他今年读了多少本书?—— 疑问词不作主语)
What has happened to your bike?(你的自行车出什么事了?—— 疑问词作主语)
即讲即练
一、句型转换
1. He has already finished the work.(改为否定句)
He ______ finished the work ______.
【答案】hasn't; yet
【详解】句意:他已经完成了这项工作。本题考查现在完成时的否定句结构。现在完成时的否定句在 has/have 后加 not,has not 缩写为 hasn't;否定句中 already 要改为 yet,放在句末,故填 hasn't; yet。
2. They have been to Beijing twice.(改为一般疑问句,并作肯定回答)
— ______ they ______ to Beijing twice?
— ______, they ______.
【答案】Have; been; Yes; have
【详解】句意:他们去过北京两次。本题考查现在完成时的一般疑问句及回答。现在完成时的一般疑问句将 have/has 提到句首,过去分词保持不变;主语 they 用 have,句首首字母大写。肯定回答结构为 “Yes, 主语 + have”,故填 Have; been; Yes; have。
二、单项选择题
3. — Have you ever been to the West Lake?
— ______. I went there last summer.
A. Yes, I have B. No, I haven't C. Yes, I do D. No, I don't
【答案】A
【详解】句意:—— 你曾经去过西湖吗?—— 是的,我去过。我去年夏天去的。本题考查现在完成时一般疑问句的回答。以 Have 开头的一般疑问句,回答需保持时态一致,用 have;根据后一句去过,可知是肯定回答,故选 A。
三、对划线部分提问
4. She has lived here for 20 years.(对划线部分提问)
______ ______ ______ she lived here?
【答案】How long has
【详解】句意:她在这里住了 20 年了。本题考查现在完成时的特殊疑问句。划线部分 for 20 years 是时间段,提问时长用 How long;现在完成时特殊疑问句结构为 “特殊疑问词 + have/has + 主语 + 过去分词”,主语 she 对应助动词 has,故填 How long has。
3. 动词原形变动词过去分词的规则
规则类型
变化方式
示例
一般情况
直接加 -ed
talk → talked
以 e 结尾
加 -d
dance → danced
辅音字母 + y 结尾
变 y 为 i,再加 -ed
study → studied
末尾为重读闭音节
双写末尾辅音字母,再加 -ed
stop → stopped
以“辅音字母 + 元音 + 辅音”结尾且重读
双写末尾辅音字母,再加 -ed
plan → planned
不规则的需要重点记忆:不仅仅限于所列的这些
go→gone、do→done、get→got、make→made、read→read、be→been、take→taken、tell→told
give→given
例:I have stopped smoking because I want to keep healthy.(我已经戒烟了,因为我想保持健康。—— 重读闭音节双写加-ed)
She has studied very hard for the final exam.(她为了期末考试学习非常刻苦。—— 辅音+y结尾变i加-ed)
My father has taken the dog for a walk.(我爸爸已经遛过狗了。—— 不规则变化 take→taken)
即讲即练
一、用所给词的适当形式填空
1. We have ______ (plan) to have a picnic this weekend.
【答案】planned
【详解】句意:我们已经计划这周末去野餐了。本题考查过去分词的规则变化。plan 是重读闭音节结尾,末尾只有一个辅音字母,双写 n 再加 - ed,过去分词为 planned,故填 planned。
2. She has ______ (give) me a lot of help.
【答案】given
【详解】句意:她给了我很多帮助。本题考查不规则动词的过去分词。give 的过去分词是 given,故填 given。
4. 现在完成时态的标志词或时间状语。
现在完成时常见的标志词或时间状语有:
· already(已经,用于肯定句 )、yet(已经,用于否定句和疑问句 )、just(刚刚 )、ever(曾经 )、never(从不 )。
例:I have already told him the good news.(我已经告诉他这个好消息了。)
Have you finished your lunch yet?(你吃完午饭了吗?)
She has never eaten Beijing Roast Duck before.(她以前从未吃过北京烤鸭。)
· “for + 时间段” 或 “since + 过去的时间点 / 从句(从句用一般过去时 )” 。
例:He has been a teacher for ten years.(他当老师已经十年了。)
I have kept this diary since 2020.(我从2020年起就一直保留着这本日记。)
We have been good friends since we met at the camp.(自从我们在夏令营相识后,我们就成了好朋友。)
· 与表示包含过去和现在的一整段时间的状语连用,如lately, recently, in the past few years, these few years, these days, so far等。
例:Great changes have taken place in my hometown in the past few years.(在过去的几年里,我的家乡发生了巨大的变化。)
I have read three English novels so far.(到目前为止,我已经读了三本英文小说。)
He has been very busy with his schoolwork recently.(最近他的学业非常繁忙。)
即讲即练
一、单项选择题
1. Great changes ______ in my hometown in the past few years.
A. took place B. take place C. have taken place D. are taking place
【答案】C
【详解】句意:在过去的几年里,我的家乡发生了巨大的变化。本题考查现在完成时的标志词。in the past few years 意为 “在过去几年里”,是包含现在的时间段,需用现在完成时,故选 C。
2. — Have you ______ heard of the story?
— No, never.
A. already B. ever C. still D. yet
【答案】B
【详解】句意:—— 你曾经听过这个故事吗?—— 不,从来没有。本题考查现在完成时的标志词。ever 意为 “曾经”,常用于疑问句,是现在完成时的常见标志词,故选 B。
◇Part 03 知 识 过 关 练
一、选择题
1. — What were you doing at 7 o'clock yesterday evening?
— I ______ TV with my parents.
A. watch B. watched C. was watching D. am watching
【答案】C
【详解】句意:—— 昨晚七点你在做什么?—— 我正在和父母看电视。本题考查过去进行时。at 7 o'clock yesterday evening 是过去的具体时间点,动作正在进行,用过去进行时,故选 C。
2. My mother ______ dinner when I got home yesterday.
A. cooks B. cooked C. is cooking D. was cooking
【答案】D
【详解】句意:昨天我到家的时候,妈妈正在做晚饭。本题考查过去进行时与 when 引导的从句。“到家” 是短暂动作用一般过去时,“做饭” 是当时正在持续的动作用过去进行时,故选 D。
3. ______ the students were talking, the teacher came in.
A. When B. While C. Before D. After
【答案】B
【详解】句意:学生们正在说话的时候,老师进来了。本题考查 while 的用法。while 引导延续性动作的从句,用过去进行时,强调主句动作发生时从句动作正在进行,故选 B。
4. I ______ this book. I ______ it last week.
A. have read; read B. read; read C. have read; have read D. read; have read
【答案】A
【详解】句意:我已经读过这本书了,我上周读的。本题考查现在完成时与一般过去时的区别。第一空强调过去动作对现在的影响(知道书的内容),用现在完成时;第二空 last week 是具体过去时间,用一般过去时,故选 A。
5. He ______ in this factory since 2018.
A. works B. worked C. has worked D. is working
【答案】C
【详解】句意:他从 2018 年起就在这家工厂工作。本题考查现在完成时。since + 过去时间点是现在完成时的标志,表示动作持续到现在,故选 C。
6. — Have you ______ been to the new museum?
— No, I haven't.
A. ever B. already C. never D. still
【答案】A
【详解】句意:—— 你曾经去过新博物馆吗?—— 不,没有。本题考查现在完成时的标志词。ever 用于疑问句,意为 “曾经”,符合语境,故选 A。
7. — Where is Lily?
— She ______ to the supermarket. She will be back in an hour.
A. has been B. has gone C. went D. goes
【答案】B
【详解】句意:—— 莉莉在哪里?—— 她去超市了,一小时后回来。本题考查现在完成时。have gone to 表示 “去了某地还没回来”,符合 “一小时后回来” 的语境;主语是第三人称单数,用 has,故选 B。
8. It ______ heavily when I left school yesterday.
A. is raining B. rains C. was raining D. rained
【答案】C
【详解】句意:昨天我离开学校的时候,雨下得很大。本题考查过去进行时。“离开学校” 是短暂动作,“下雨” 是当时正在持续的动作,用过去进行时,故选 C。
9. I have ______ finished my homework. I finished it ten minutes ago.
A. yet B. already C. ever D. never
【答案】B
【详解】句意:我已经完成作业了,十分钟前做完的。本题考查现在完成时的标志词。already 用于肯定句,意为 “已经”,符合语境,故选 B。
10. While I ______ for the bus, I met an old friend.
A. wait B. waited C. was waiting D. am waiting
【答案】C
【详解】句意:我正在等公交车的时候,遇到了一位老朋友。本题考查过去进行时。while 引导的从句用延续性动词的过去进行时,表示动作正在进行时发生了另一件事,故选 C。
二、填空题(用所给词的适当形式填空)
11. My father ______ (read) newspapers at 8 last night.
【答案】was reading
【详解】句意:昨晚八点我爸爸正在看报纸。本题考查过去进行时。at 8 last night 是过去具体时间点,动作正在进行,用过去进行时;主语 My father 是第三人称单数,be 动词用 was,故填 was reading。
12. They ______ (plant) trees from 2 to 4 yesterday afternoon.
【答案】were planting
【详解】句意:昨天下午两点到四点他们一直在种树。本题考查过去进行时。from 2 to 4 yesterday afternoon 是过去的时间段,动作持续进行,用过去进行时;主语 They 是复数,be 动词用 were,故填 were planting。
13. I ______ (not hear) from him since last year.
【答案】haven't heard
【详解】句意:从去年起我就没收到过他的信。本题考查现在完成时。since + 过去时间点是现在完成时的标志,主语 I 用 have,否定形式是 haven't,hear 的过去分词是 heard,故填 haven't heard。
14. She ______ (write) two novels so far.
【答案】has written
【详解】句意:到目前为止她已经写了两部小说。本题考查现在完成时。so far 是现在完成时的标志,主语 She 是第三人称单数,用 has,write 的过去分词是 written,故填 has written。
15. When the bell rang, we ______ (have) a Chinese class.
【答案】were having
【详解】句意:铃声响的时候,我们正在上语文课。本题考查过去进行时。铃声响是短暂动作,上课是正在进行的持续动作,用过去进行时;主语 we 对应 were,故填 were having。
16. The children ______ (not play) football at this time yesterday.
【答案】weren't playing
【详解】句意:昨天这个时候孩子们没在踢足球。本题考查过去进行时的否定句。at this time yesterday 是过去时间点,用过去进行时;主语是复数,否定形式为 weren't + 现在分词,故填 weren't playing。
17. — ______ you ever ______ (try) Japanese food?
— Yes, I have.
【答案】Have; tried
【详解】句意:—— 你曾经吃过日料吗?—— 是的,吃过。本题考查现在完成时的一般疑问句。ever 是现在完成时的标志,主语 you 用 have,try 的过去分词是 tried;句首首字母大写,故填 Have; tried。
18. He ______ (be) a soldier for three years.
【答案】has been
【详解】句意:他当兵已经三年了。本题考查现在完成时。for + 时间段表示持续状态,用现在完成时;主语 He 是第三人称单数,用 has,be 的过去分词是 been,故填 has been。
19. While my mom ______ (cook), I was doing my homework.
【答案】was cooking
【详解】句意:妈妈做饭的时候,我正在做作业。本题考查 while 引导的过去进行时。两个动作同时持续进行,都用过去进行时;主语 my mom 是单数,be 动词用 was,故填 was cooking。
20. I ______ just ______ (receive) his letter.
【答案】have; received
【详解】句意:我刚收到他的信。本题考查现在完成时。just 是现在完成时的标志,主语 I 用 have,receive 的过去分词是 received,故填 have; received。
三、完成句子
21. 我到家的时候,妹妹正在弹钢琴。
My sister ______ ______ the piano when I got home.
【答案】was playing
【详解】句意:我到家的时候,妹妹正在弹钢琴。本题考查过去进行时。when 引导的从句用一般过去时,主句动作正在进行,用过去进行时;主语是单数,be 动词用 was,故填 was playing。
22. 你曾经去过长城吗?
______ you ever ______ ______ the Great Wall?
【答案】Have; been to
【详解】句意:你曾经去过长城吗?本题考查现在完成时的一般疑问句。ever 是标志词,“去过某地” 用 have been to;主语 you 用 have,句首首字母大写,故填 Have; been to。
23. He was doing his homework at that time.(改为一般疑问句,并作否定回答)
— ______ he ______ his homework at that time?
— ______, he ______.
【答案】Was; doing; No; wasn't
【详解】句意:那时他正在做作业。本题考查过去进行时的一般疑问句。过去进行时的一般疑问句将 was/were 提前,主语 he 对应 was;否定回答用 No, he wasn't,故填 Was; doing; No; wasn't。
24. They have lived here for 15 years.(对划线部分提问)
______ ______ have they lived here?
【答案】How long
【详解】句意:他们在这里住了 15 年了。本题考查现在完成时的特殊疑问句。划线部分是时间段,提问时长用 How long,故填 How long。
25. 他已经学了五年英语了。
He ______ ______ English for five years.
【答案】has learned /has studied
【详解】句意:他已经学了五年英语了。本题考查现在完成时表示持续动作。for five years 是时间段,用现在完成时;主语是第三人称单数,用 has,故填 has learned /has studied。
26. 昨天晚上八点你在做什么?
What ______ you ______ at 8 o'clock last night?
【答案】were; doing
【详解】句意:昨天晚上八点你在做什么?本题考查过去进行时的特殊疑问句。at 8 o'clock last night 是过去时间点,用过去进行时;主语 you 对应 were,故填 were; doing。
27. I have already cleaned the room.(改为否定句)
I ______ cleaned the room ______.
【答案】haven't; yet
【详解】句意:我已经打扫完房间了。本题考查现在完成时的否定句。主语 I 用 have,否定形式是 haven't;否定句中 already 改为 yet,放在句末,故填 haven't; yet。
28. 当我路过的时候,他们正在讨论这个问题。
They ______ ______ about the problem when I passed by.
【答案】were talking
【详解】句意:当我路过的时候,他们正在讨论这个问题。本题考查过去进行时。“路过” 是短暂动作,“讨论” 是正在进行的动作,用过去进行时;主语 They 对应 were,故填 were talking。
29. 到目前为止,我们已经学了两千个单词。
We ______ ______ 2000 words so far.
【答案】have learned
【详解】句意:到目前为止,我们已经学了两千个单词。本题考查现在完成时。so far 是现在完成时的标志,主语 We 用 have,故填 have learned。
30. 她离开的时候天正下着雪。
It ______ ______ when she left.
【答案】was snowing
【详解】句意:她离开的时候天正下着雪。本题考查过去进行时。“离开” 是短暂动作,“下雪” 是当时正在进行的动作,用过去进行时;主语 It 对应 was,故填 was snowing。
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