第05练-2026年【暑假分层作业】人教版 选择性必修一Unit5-夯实基础+能力提升

**基本信息** 聚焦Unit 5词汇、语法及阅读综合训练，以构词法为基础，递进式覆盖语法结构与语篇应用，系统提升语言能力与思维品质。 **专项设计** |模块|题量/典例|题型特征|知识逻辑| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |词汇过关|18题|词形转换（名动/形名/动名等）|从词根拓展词形变化，构建词汇网络| |完成句子|5题|语法结构应用（强调句/倒装句）|语法规则到语境表达的转化| |单句语法|10题|语法填空（词性/从句/非谓语）|基础语法点的精准运用| |语法填空|10空|语篇语法填空|语法知识在语篇中的综合迁移| |阅读|2篇（8题）|阅读理解（细节/推理/词义）|信息提取与逻辑分析能力培养|

第05练 Unit 5 Working The Land 1. 【词汇过关】 1．contribution n. 贡献→________________ v. 贡献；捐献 2．relief n. （痛苦或忧虑的）减轻或解除；减轻痛苦的事物→________________ vt. 使减轻；缓解 3．donate vt. 捐赠→________________ n. 捐赠物→________________ n. 捐赠者 4．________________ adj. 真实的→________________ n. 真实；事实；现实 5．disability n. 伤残；无力；无能→________________ vt. 使残废；使失去能力→________________ adj. 伤残的 6．hesitate v. 犹豫，迟疑→________________ n. 犹豫 7．assistance n. 协助；援助→________________ v. 帮助；援助→________________ n. 助手 8．________________ v. （尤指通过提供更多证据）证实，进一步确定→________________ n. 证实，证明 9．________________ v. 完成；达到→________________ n. 成就；功绩 10．________________ vt. & vi. 治疗；对待；款待n. 款待；招待→________________ n. 治疗；疗法 11．________ vt. 把……献 (给)；把……专用于；专心于→ ________ adj. 忠实的；挚爱的→ ________ n. 献身；奉献；忠诚 12．________ adj. 短的；矮的；不足的；缺乏的→ ________ vt. 变短；缩短→ ________ n. 不足；缺少；短缺 13．________ vt. 使相信；使确信；说服→ ________ adj. 令人信服的→ ________ adj. 坚信的；深信的 14．________ v. 假定；假设；认为→ ________ n. 假定；设定；(责任的)承担；(权利的)获得 15．________ n. 化学→ ________ adj. 与化学有关的；化学的 n. 化学制品；化学品→ ________ n. 化学家 16．________ n. 营养；滋养→ ________ adj. 营养(物)的→ ________ adj. 有营养的；营养丰富的 17．________ adj. 深的 adv. 深深地→ ________ adv. 很；非常；极其；深刻地；强烈地→ ________ n. 向下(或向里)的距离；深(度)→ ________ vt. 加深 18．________ v. & n. 前进；发展；进步；提前；提出→ ________ adj. 先进的；高级的；年迈的 II、【完成句子】 19．压力影响睡眠，缺觉又反过来加重压力。 Stress influences sleep, and sleep loss ________ ________ worsens stress. 20．我们需要的是勇气和自信。 ________ ________ ________ is courage and confidence. 21．众所周知，坚持就是胜利。 ________ ________ ________ ________ persistence leads to success. 22．________________________ made all the people present laugh. 正是他说的内容让在场的人都大笑起来。（强调句） 23．只有当你直面困难时，你才能战胜它们。（倒装句） Only when you face difficulties bravely ________________________. III、【单句语法过关】 24． makes Liangzhu truly remarkable is that it predates the Shang Dynasty by nearly two thousand years. 25．For the first 15 minutes of my tai chi class, we remain (entire) in one spot to warm up. 26． For the first 15 minutes of my tai chi (太极) class, we remain (entire) in one spot to warm up. 27．...biodiversity and the cultural traditions (root) in it. 28．It occurred to me I had left my keys at home. 29．It is said the new bridge will be completed next month. 30．We are willing (devote) our time to helping people in need in daily life. 31．Most authorities agree that play is an (essence) part of a child's development. 32．Physics, as well as other natural sciences, (boost) our understanding of the universe. 33．Those (devote) themselves to public welfare deserve our highest praise. IV、【语法填空能力提升】 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Guo Shoujing (1231 — 1316) was an outstanding Chinese scientist, astronomer (天文学家), and engineer during the Yuan Dynasty. He is famous 34 his work in astronomy and water management, which had a lasting impact on ancient China. One of Guo’s most 35 (remark) achievements was his contribution to the Chinese calendar. By 36 (careful) observing the movements of the stars and planets, he was able to make precise calculations, improving the way time was measured. His work 37 (lead) to the creation of the “Shoushi Calendar”, which was more accurate (精确的) than any calendar 38 had come before it. This system, widely 39 (use) for over 400 years, was a reliable tool for timekeeping. In addition to his work in astronomy, Guo was an excellent engineer. He designed and managed large irrigation (灌溉) projects, helping control water flow 40 improve farming in northern China. One of his major projects was the “Grand Canal”, which allowed water 41 (flow) to areas with little rainfall, supporting the agricultural 42 (develop) of northern China. Guo’s contributions to science were not only important for his time but also influenced later generations of scientists and engineers. His work on the calendar and water systems is still admired today, and he is considered one of 43 greatest scientists in Chinese history. V、【阅读能力提升】 (一） Huang Xuhua, chief designer of China’s first-generation nuclear submarines (核潜艇), passed away at the age of 99. Huang Xuhua was born in 1926 in Guangdong. In 1949, he graduated from the Department of Shipbuilding Engineering at Shanghai Jiao Tong University. His early interest in engineering and devotion to learning laid the foundation for his future work. In 1958, Huang Xuhua was chosen to lead the development of China’s first-generation nuclear submarines. At that time, China had almost no experience in this technology and faced many difficulties. However, he and his team started from the very beginning and after years of painstaking attempts, China finally built its first nuclear-powered submarine in less than 13 years, becoming the fifth nation to have such submarines. To keep secrecy, Huang Xuhua remained anonymous for 30 years. He left home and put all his heart into the work. During this period, he could not return home or communicate with his parents. Even when his father passed away, he was unable to attend the funeral. In 1988, at 62, Huang Xuhua personally took part in the deep-dive test of the nuclear submarine. Although the submarine might implode (内爆), he was brave enough to go down 300 meters with the crew and successfully completed the test, becoming the first chief designer in the world to do so. Huang Xuhua was humble and lived a simple life. He refused to be called the “Father of China’s Nuclear Submarines”, saying that it was the team’s contribution. He also donated over 20 million yuan to scientific research, popular science, and educational institutions. The passing of Huang Xuhua is a great loss, but his spirit of devotion and patriotism (爱国主义) will forever inspire us. His name, once “hidden deep in the ocean”, will now be “deeply remembered in the hearts of the people”. 44．What did Huang Xuhua do after graduating from university? A．Worked on nuclear development. B．Involved in the shipbuilding industry. C．Led a submarine project. D．Taught shipbuilding engineering. 45．What does the underlined word “anonymous” in paragraph 4 probably mean? A．Familiar. B．Famous. C．Impressive. D．Unnamed. 46．What can we learn about the deep-dive test in 1988? A．It was carried out at a depth of 200 meters. B．It was considered totally safe for the crew. C．Huang Xuhua set a world record by taking part in it. D．Many other chief designers joined the test together. 47．Which of the following words may best describe Huang Xuhua? A．Selfless and curious. B．Generous and broad-minded. C．Devoted and patriotic. D．Determined and energetic. （二） Organic farming has attracted much attention as people grow more concerned about food safety and environmental protection. Unlike conventional farming, which depends heavily on fertilizers and pesticides, organic farming follows strict guidelines and approaches to keep soil healthy, protect biodiversity, and avoid harmful chemicals. 48 Furthermore, they also help keep the environment in good condition in the long run. One important rule of organic farming is taking care of soil. Organic farmers use natural methods like growing different crops in the same area over time to stop pests from building up and enrich the soil. 49 The materials, made from rotted (腐烂的) plant and animal waste, add important nutrients (养分) to soil and help good tiny organisms grow. 50 For example, organic farms are homes to wild animals such as birds, insects and small mammals. Not using man-made pesticides protects pollinators like bees, which is very important for plants to produce seeds (种子). In addition, organic methods reduce water pollution. No harmful chemicals flow into rivers, lakes or underground water. Despite its benefits, organic farming has problems too. A major issue is the lower production than conventional farming. Without fertilizers to promote growth, crops produce less, which makes organic food more expensive. Moreover, organic certification (认证) costs a lot and takes time, making it hard for small-scale farmers to accept. 51 However, organic farming's future looks promising. 52 Besides, consumer awareness and demand for organic products grow fast. Governments also support it by increasing research money and eco-friendly agriculture policies. As more recognize its benefits, organic farming will play a bigger role in global food production. A．These methods make sure food is healthy. B．Organic farming works with nature to produce food. C．Organic farming also benefits biodiversity and the environment. D．These challenges limit its development, even as the demand rises. E．Many consumers pay more for organic products for health benefits. F．Another natural thing to improve soil in organic farming is farm wastes. G．Advances in techniques, like better soil management, increase crop production. 试卷第1页，共3页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 第05练 Unit 5 Working The Land 1. 【词汇过关】 1．contribution n. 贡献→________________ v. 贡献；捐献 2．relief n. （痛苦或忧虑的）减轻或解除；减轻痛苦的事物→________________ vt. 使减轻；缓解 3．donate vt. 捐赠→________________ n. 捐赠物→________________ n. 捐赠者 4．________________ adj. 真实的→________________ n. 真实；事实；现实 5．disability n. 伤残；无力；无能→________________ vt. 使残废；使失去能力→________________ adj. 伤残的 6．hesitate v. 犹豫，迟疑→________________ n. 犹豫 7．assistance n. 协助；援助→________________ v. 帮助；援助→________________ n. 助手 8．________________ v. （尤指通过提供更多证据）证实，进一步确定→________________ n. 证实，证明 9．________________ v. 完成；达到→________________ n. 成就；功绩 10．________________ vt. & vi. 治疗；对待；款待n. 款待；招待→________________ n. 治疗；疗法 【答案】 1．contribute 2．relieve 3． donation donator 4． real reality 5． disable disabled 6．hesitation 7． assist assistant 8． confirm confirmation 9． achieve achievement 10． treat treatment 【解析】略 11．________ vt. 把……献 (给)；把……专用于；专心于→ ________ adj. 忠实的；挚爱的→ ________ n. 献身；奉献；忠诚 12．________ adj. 短的；矮的；不足的；缺乏的→ ________ vt. 变短；缩短→ ________ n. 不足；缺少；短缺 13．________ vt. 使相信；使确信；说服→ ________ adj. 令人信服的→ ________ adj. 坚信的；深信的 14．________ v. 假定；假设；认为→ ________ n. 假定；设定；(责任的)承担；(权利的)获得 15．________ n. 化学→ ________ adj. 与化学有关的；化学的 n. 化学制品；化学品→ ________ n. 化学家 16．________ n. 营养；滋养→ ________ adj. 营养(物)的→ ________ adj. 有营养的；营养丰富的 17．________ adj. 深的 adv. 深深地→ ________ adv. 很；非常；极其；深刻地；强烈地→ ________ n. 向下(或向里)的距离；深(度)→ ________ vt. 加深 18．________ v. & n. 前进；发展；进步；提前；提出→ ________ adj. 先进的；高级的；年迈的 【答案】11． devote devoted devotion 12． short shorten shortage 13． convince convincing convinced 14． assume assumption 15． chemistry chemical chemist 16． nutrition nutritional nutritious 17． deep deeply depth deepen 18． advance advanced 【解析】略 II、【完成句子】 19．压力影响睡眠，缺觉又反过来加重压力。 Stress influences sleep, and sleep loss ________ ________ worsens stress. 【答案】 in turn 【详解】对比中英文可知，空处表示“反过来”，可用固定短语in turn，作状语。 20．我们需要的是勇气和自信。 ________ ________ ________ is courage and confidence. 【答案】 What we need 【详解】表示“我们需要的”可用主语从句，用what引导，作动词need的宾语，从句应用陈述语序we need，且根据“is”可知，此句描述的是客观事实，用一般现在时，主语we为复数，动词用原形，句首单词首字母大写。 21．众所周知，坚持就是胜利。 ________ ________ ________ ________ persistence leads to success. 【答案】 It is known that 【详解】表示“众所周知”可用固定句式it is known that...，it作形式主语，that引导真正的主语从句，句首单词首字母大写。 22．________________________ made all the people present laugh. 正是他说的内容让在场的人都大笑起来。（强调句） 【答案】It was what he said that 【详解】对比中英文句子可知，空格处意为“正是他说的内容”，由made可知，句子时态是一般过去时，用强调句对主语“他说的内容”进行强调，结构是“It was+被强调的部分+that+其他部分”，“他说的内容”用what引导的主语从句，翻译为what he said。 23．只有当你直面困难时，你才能战胜它们。（倒装句） Only when you face difficulties bravely ________________________. 【答案】can you overcome them 【详解】“only+状语”位于句首，主句部分倒装，表示“你才能”为can you；“战胜它们”译为overcome them。 III、【单句语法过关】 24． makes Liangzhu truly remarkable is that it predates the Shang Dynasty by nearly two thousand years. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】What 【详解】句意：让良渚真正意义非凡的是，它比商朝早了近两千年。空处引导主语从句，在从句中作主语，表示“所……的事物”，用连接代词What，位于句首首字母大写。 25．For the first 15 minutes of my tai chi class, we remain (entire) in one spot to warm up. （所给词的适当形式填空） 【答案】entirely 【详解】句意：在太极课的前15分钟，我们要完全待在一个地方热身。空处需用副词entirely修饰介词短语in one spot作状语，表示“完全地”。 26． For the first 15 minutes of my tai chi (太极) class, we remain (entire) in one spot to warm up. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】entirely 【详解】句意：太极课的前十五分钟，我们全程待在原地热身。本空修饰动词remain，作状语，用副词entirely“完全地，全程地”。 27．...biodiversity and the cultural traditions (root) in it. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】rooted 【详解】句意：……生物多样性以及植根于其中的文化传统。空处需填非谓语动词；root与其逻辑主语traditions之间为被动关系，构成固定搭配be rooted in，表示“根植于”，此处省略be动词，用过去分词rooted作后置定语。 28．It occurred to me I had left my keys at home. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】that 【详解】句意：我突然想起我把钥匙落在家里了。It occurred to sb. that...是固定句型，其中it是形式主语，真正的主语是后面的that引导的从句。that在从句中不充当任何成分，只起连接作用。 29．It is said the new bridge will be completed next month. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】that 【详解】句意：据说新桥下个月就会完工。本句考查固定句型It is said that...，该句型意为“据说……”，句中It作形式主语，真正的主语是that引导的主语从句，因此此处应填that。 30．We are willing (devote) our time to helping people in need in daily life. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】to devote 【详解】句意：我们愿意在日常生活中奉献时间帮助有需要的人。be willing to do表示“愿意做某事”。 31．Most authorities agree that play is an (essence) part of a child's development. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】essential 【详解】句意：大多数权威人士都同意，游戏是儿童发展的重要组成部分。修饰名词part，用形容词essential作定语。 32．Physics, as well as other natural sciences, (boost) our understanding of the universe. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】boosts 【详解】句意：物理学以及其他自然科学，提升了我们对宇宙的理解。此处陈述客观事实，应用一般现在时，as well as连接并列成分作主语时，谓语动词的数应与as well as之前的名词的数保持一致，Physics是单数概念，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式boosts。 33．Those (devote) themselves to public welfare deserve our highest praise. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】devoting 【详解】句意：那些投身公益事业的人，值得我们给予最高赞誉。本句的谓语动词是deserve，因此空格处需要填入非谓语动词，作后置定语修饰主语Those（指代“人们”）。固定搭配devote oneself to sth.意为“致力于某事，投身于某事”。 Those和动词devote是主动关系，因此用现在分词devoting。 IV、【语法填空能力提升】 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Guo Shoujing (1231 — 1316) was an outstanding Chinese scientist, astronomer (天文学家), and engineer during the Yuan Dynasty. He is famous 34 his work in astronomy and water management, which had a lasting impact on ancient China. One of Guo’s most 35 (remark) achievements was his contribution to the Chinese calendar. By 36 (careful) observing the movements of the stars and planets, he was able to make precise calculations, improving the way time was measured. His work 37 (lead) to the creation of the “Shoushi Calendar”, which was more accurate (精确的) than any calendar 38 had come before it. This system, widely 39 (use) for over 400 years, was a reliable tool for timekeeping. In addition to his work in astronomy, Guo was an excellent engineer. He designed and managed large irrigation (灌溉) projects, helping control water flow 40 improve farming in northern China. One of his major projects was the “Grand Canal”, which allowed water 41 (flow) to areas with little rainfall, supporting the agricultural 42 (develop) of northern China. Guo’s contributions to science were not only important for his time but also influenced later generations of scientists and engineers. His work on the calendar and water systems is still admired today, and he is considered one of 43 greatest scientists in Chinese history. 【答案】 34．for 35．remarkable 36．carefully 37．led 38．that 39．used 40．and 41．to flow 42．development 43．the 【导语】主要介绍元代杰出科学家郭守敬，讲述他在天文历法《授时历》与水利灌溉工程两大领域的成就，以及其成果对后世深远的影响。 【详解】34．考查介词。句意：他因在天文和水利治理方面的成就闻名，这些成就对古代中国产生了长久深远的影响。固定搭配be famous for，意为“因……而出名”，此处为介词for。 35．考查形容词。句意：郭守敬最卓越的成就之一是他对中国历法的贡献。此处修饰名词achievements，需要形容词作定语，remark对应的形容词remarkable，意为“卓越的、显著的”。 36．考查副词。句意：通过仔细观测星辰与行星的运行轨迹，他得以完成精密推算，改良计时方式。此处修饰动名词observing，需要副词作状语，careful对应的副词是carefully。故填carefully。 37．考查动词时态。句意：他的研究促成了《授时历》的诞生，这部历法比此前所有历法都更为精准。全文叙述郭守敬过去的事迹，使用一般过去时，lead的过去式为led。 38．考查定语从句关系词。句意：他的研究促成了《授时历》的诞生，这部历法比此前所有历法都更为精准。此处为限制性定语从句，先行词calendar前面有any修饰，关系词在从句中作主语，只能用关系代词that。 39．考查非谓语动词。句意：这套计时体系被广泛使用四百余年，是可靠的计时工具。此处非谓语动词作后置定语修饰system，use与逻辑主语This system之间是被动关系，所以用过去分词used。 40．考查连词。句意：他设计并主持大型灌溉工程，助力调控水流、改善中国北方农耕条件。control water flow与improve farming是并列动作，表顺承并列关系，用并列连词and连接。 41．考查非谓语动词。句意：他的重大工程之一是大运河，这条河道让水流能够流入少雨地区，支撑中国北方农业发展。固定搭配allow sth. to do sth.，所以此处为动词不定式to flow作宾语补足语。 42．考查名词。句意：他的重大工程之一是大运河，这条河道让水流能够流入少雨地区，支撑中国北方农业发展。形容词agricultural修饰名词，develop对应的名词是development，意为“发展”。 43．考查冠词。句意：他在历法与水利体系方面的研究至今仍受人推崇，他被视作中国历史上最伟大的科学家之一。固定结构“one of the +形容词最高级+可数名词复数”，形容词最高级前加定冠词the。 V、【阅读能力提升】 Huang Xuhua, chief designer of China’s first-generation nuclear submarines (核潜艇), passed away at the age of 99. Huang Xuhua was born in 1926 in Guangdong. In 1949, he graduated from the Department of Shipbuilding Engineering at Shanghai Jiao Tong University. His early interest in engineering and devotion to learning laid the foundation for his future work. In 1958, Huang Xuhua was chosen to lead the development of China’s first-generation nuclear submarines. At that time, China had almost no experience in this technology and faced many difficulties. However, he and his team started from the very beginning and after years of painstaking attempts, China finally built its first nuclear-powered submarine in less than 13 years, becoming the fifth nation to have such submarines. To keep secrecy, Huang Xuhua remained anonymous for 30 years. He left home and put all his heart into the work. During this period, he could not return home or communicate with his parents. Even when his father passed away, he was unable to attend the funeral. In 1988, at 62, Huang Xuhua personally took part in the deep-dive test of the nuclear submarine. Although the submarine might implode (内爆), he was brave enough to go down 300 meters with the crew and successfully completed the test, becoming the first chief designer in the world to do so. Huang Xuhua was humble and lived a simple life. He refused to be called the “Father of China’s Nuclear Submarines”, saying that it was the team’s contribution. He also donated over 20 million yuan to scientific research, popular science, and educational institutions. The passing of Huang Xuhua is a great loss, but his spirit of devotion and patriotism (爱国主义) will forever inspire us. His name, once “hidden deep in the ocean”, will now be “deeply remembered in the hearts of the people”. 44．What did Huang Xuhua do after graduating from university? A．Worked on nuclear development. B．Involved in the shipbuilding industry. C．Led a submarine project. D．Taught shipbuilding engineering. 45．What does the underlined word “anonymous” in paragraph 4 probably mean? A．Familiar. B．Famous. C．Impressive. D．Unnamed. 46．What can we learn about the deep-dive test in 1988? A．It was carried out at a depth of 200 meters. B．It was considered totally safe for the crew. C．Huang Xuhua set a world record by taking part in it. D．Many other chief designers joined the test together. 47．Which of the following words may best describe Huang Xuhua? A．Selfless and curious. B．Generous and broad-minded. C．Devoted and patriotic. D．Determined and energetic. 【答案】44．C 45．D 46．C 47．C 【导语】文章主要介绍了中国第一代核潜艇总设计师黄旭华的生平经历、为中国核潜艇事业做出的伟大贡献，赞颂了他的精神，表达了对黄旭华的缅怀与敬意。 【详解】44．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“In 1949, he graduated from the Department of Shipbuilding Engineering at Shanghai Jiao Tong University. His early interest in engineering and devotion to learning laid the foundation for his future work.(1949年，黄旭华毕业于上海交通大学船舶工程系，他早年对工程的兴趣和投入的学习为他未来的工作奠定了基础)”以及第三段“In 1958, Huang Xuhua was chosen to lead the development of China’s first-generation nuclear submarines.(1958年，黄旭华被选中牵头研发中国第一代核潜艇。)”可知，黄旭华大学毕业后主要负责领导核潜艇项目。 45．词句猜测题。根据文章第四段“To keep secrecy(为了保密)以及“During this period, he could not return home or communicate with his parents. Even when his father passed away, he was unable to attend the funeral.(在此期间无法回家也不能和父母通信，甚至父亲去世他都没能参加葬礼。)”可知，为了保密，黄旭华没有对外公开自己的身份，因此“anonymous”意为“不公开身份的、匿名的”。 46．细节理解题。根据文章第五段“In 1988, at 62, Huang Xuhua personally took part in the deep-dive test of the nuclear submarine. Although the submarine might implode (内爆), he was brave enough to go down 300 meters with the crew and successfully completed the test, becoming the first chief designer in the world to do so.(1988年，62岁的黄旭华亲自参与了核潜艇深潜试验，尽管潜艇可能发生内爆，他依然勇敢地和船员一起下潜到300米，成功完成试验，成为世界上第一位亲自参与该试验的总设计师。)”可知，黄旭华通过参与这次试验创造了世界纪录。 47．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“The passing of Huang Xuhua is a great loss, but his spirit of devotion and patriotism will forever inspire us.(黄旭华的离世是一大损失，但他的奉献精神与爱国主义精神将永远激励我们。)”可知，“奉献且爱国”是最能描述黄旭华的词语。 Organic farming has attracted much attention as people grow more concerned about food safety and environmental protection. Unlike conventional farming, which depends heavily on fertilizers and pesticides, organic farming follows strict guidelines and approaches to keep soil healthy, protect biodiversity, and avoid harmful chemicals. 48 Furthermore, they also help keep the environment in good condition in the long run. One important rule of organic farming is taking care of soil. Organic farmers use natural methods like growing different crops in the same area over time to stop pests from building up and enrich the soil. 49 The materials, made from rotted (腐烂的) plant and animal waste, add important nutrients (养分) to soil and help good tiny organisms grow. 50 For example, organic farms are homes to wild animals such as birds, insects and small mammals. Not using man-made pesticides protects pollinators like bees, which is very important for plants to produce seeds (种子). In addition, organic methods reduce water pollution. No harmful chemicals flow into rivers, lakes or underground water. Despite its benefits, organic farming has problems too. A major issue is the lower production than conventional farming. Without fertilizers to promote growth, crops produce less, which makes organic food more expensive. Moreover, organic certification (认证) costs a lot and takes time, making it hard for small-scale farmers to accept. 51 However, organic farming's future looks promising. 52 Besides, consumer awareness and demand for organic products grow fast. Governments also support it by increasing research money and eco-friendly agriculture policies. As more recognize its benefits, organic farming will play a bigger role in global food production. A．These methods make sure food is healthy. B．Organic farming works with nature to produce food. C．Organic farming also benefits biodiversity and the environment. D．These challenges limit its development, even as the demand rises. E．Many consumers pay more for organic products for health benefits. F．Another natural thing to improve soil in organic farming is farm wastes. G．Advances in techniques, like better soil management, increase crop production. 【答案】48．A 49．F 50．C 51．D 52．G 【导语】本文介绍有机农业的种植方式、多重生态与健康优势，分析产量低、认证难等现存短板，并说明技术、市场、政策让其发展前景广阔。 【详解】48．由上文“Unlike conventional farming, which depends heavily on fertilizers and pesticides, organic farming follows strict guidelines and approaches to keep soil healthy, protect biodiversity, and avoid harmful chemicals.(传统农业大量使用化肥农药，而有机农业遵循严格标准养护土壤、保护生物多样性、杜绝有害化学物质。)”以及下文“Furthermore, they also help keep the environment in good condition in the long run.(此外，从长远来看它们也有利于保护环境。)”可知，空格应说明有机农业的方式能保障食品安全。A项“These methods make sure food is healthy.(这些方式能保证食物健康。)”符合语境，其中These methods指代前文有机农业的各类规范，有承上作用。 49．由下文“The materials, made from rotted (腐烂的) plant and animal waste, add important nutrients (养分) to soil and help good tiny organisms grow.(这种由腐烂动植物废料制成的物质能为土壤补充养分，促进有益微生物生长。)”可知，The materials指代农场废弃物，空格引出改良土壤的另一天然手段。F项“Another natural thing to improve soil in organic farming is farm wastes.(有机农业中另一种改良土壤的天然物质是农田废弃物。)”符合语境，有启下作用。 50．由下文“For example, organic farms are homes to wild animals such as birds, insects and small mammals. Not using man-made pesticides protects pollinators like bees, which is very important for plants to produce seeds (种子). In addition, organic methods reduce water pollution. (例如，有机农场是鸟类、昆虫、小型哺乳动物等野生动物的栖息地。不施用人工化学农药能够保护蜜蜂这类传粉昆虫，而这对植物结籽至关重要。此外，有机种植方式还能减少水污染。)”可知，本段介绍有机农业对生物多样性和环境的益处。C项“Organic farming also benefits biodiversity and the environment.(有机农业也有益于生物多样性与生态环境。)”符合语境，总领下文举例内容，有承下作用。 51．由上文“Moreover, organic certification (认证) costs a lot and takes time, making it hard for small-scale farmers to accept.(而且有机认证成本高、耗时长，小农户难以承担。)”可知，空格总结这些难题制约有机农业发展。D项“These challenges limit its development, even as the demand rises.(即便市场需求上涨，这些难题仍制约其发展。)”符合语境，其中These challenges指代前文低产量、高价、认证困难等问题，有承上作用。 52．由上文“However, organic farming’s future looks promising.(但有机农业前景一片向好。)”以及下文“Besides, consumer awareness and demand for organic products grow fast.(此外消费者对有机产品的认知与需求快速增长。)”可知，空格应介绍提升产量的技术突破，是前景向好的第一个原因。G项“Advances in techniques, like better soil management, increase crop production.(土壤优化等技术进步能够提高作物产量。)”符合语境，承上启下。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $