Unit 4 Adversity and Courage 单元复习作业(学生版和教师版)+演讲稿写作指导-2025-2026学年高中英语人教版（2019）选择性必修第三册

演讲稿写作指导 一、核心认知 （一）定义与应用场景 演讲稿是演讲者针对某一主题，在公开场合向听众表达观点、分享经历、发出呼吁的文体，高考中多围绕校园生活、成长感悟、品德修养、社会热点等主题展开，贴合高中生的生活体验与价值导向。 适用场景：校园主题演讲比赛、年级分享会、节日主题发言等。 常见话题包括逆境与勇气、坚持与成长、青春与奋斗、文化传承、环境保护等。 （二）考纲要求与命题特点 1. 考纲核心要点 · 格式：严格遵循 “称呼 + 问候语 — 开场白 — 正文 — 结尾呼吁 — 致谢” 的演讲稿专属格式，符合现场表达的语境要求。 · 内容：主题明确，逻辑清晰，结合自身经历 / 典型事例支撑观点，建议 / 呼吁具体可行，词数控制在80词左右（高考常规要求）。 · 语言：语法正确，兼顾口语化与文采；简单句与复合句结合，适当运用高级句型（倒装、强调、定语从句等）和情感化词汇，增强表达感染力；衔接自然，符合听众的理解节奏。 2. 高考命题规律 · 话题聚焦成长与正能量，多与教材单元主题结合（如逆境与勇气、文化自信、团队合作），要求结合自身经历或典型事例展开。 · 设问明确，固定标题为常考形式（如 Face Adversity with Courage），需突出 “观点 + 事例 + 感悟” 的核心逻辑。 · 评分侧重格式完整性、主题贴合度、语言感染力、逻辑连贯性，强调内容与听众的共鸣感。 2、 写作框架 演讲稿的核心逻辑为“引出主题 — 论证观点 — 升华呼吁”，分三部分展开，每部分功能明确、层层递进，适配现场演讲的表达节奏。 第一段：开场白（Topic Introduction） 1. 功能定位：礼貌问候 → 自我介绍（可选）→ 点明演讲主题 → 引发听众兴趣 2. 典型启动句： （1）问候+点题：Good morning/afternoon, respected teachers and dear fellow students! It’s my great honor to stand here and deliver a speech themed on... （2）共情切入：We all face... in our senior high school life. Today, I’d like to talk about how we can... （3）名言引入：As a famous saying goes, “...”. This is exactly what I want to share with you today. 3. 语块库 deliver a speech themed on...（发表以…… 为主题的演讲） It’s my profound honor to...（我深感荣幸能……） talk about the significance of...（探讨…… 的意义） share my thoughts on...（分享我对…… 的看法 / 感悟） 第二段：正文（Core Argument） 1. 功能定位：总起观点 → 事例支撑 → 细节展开，是演讲稿的核心部分，要求观点明确、论据充分、逻辑清晰。 2. 核心衔接技巧（解决论证连贯性问题，适配高考写作要求）： 衔接方案 范例句式 教学优势 事例论证式 First, I’d like to share my own experience. / Take... for example. / We can learn from the story of... 贴合高考 “结合自身经历” 要求，增强真实感 分层论述式 Firstly, we should... / Secondly, it’s important to... / Most importantly, we need to... 结构清晰，适合基础较弱学生，易把握逻辑 观点+感悟式 What I want to stress is that... / From these experiences, I realize that... 突出核心观点，衔接感悟，为升华做铺垫 3. 内容扩展技巧（避免空洞，让论证更具体）： · 自身经历+细节：I once struggled with... but I kept trying, and finally I...（经历+结果） · 典型事例+提炼：Shackleton’s Antarctic expedition tells us that perseverance is the key to overcoming adversity.（事例+观点） · 观点+做法：To face challenges bravely, we need to keep a positive attitude and take practical actions.（观点+具体做法） 4. 语块库： face difficulties bravely（勇敢面对困难） stick to our goals（坚守我们的目标） keep a positive attitude（保持积极的心态） make steady progress（取得稳步的进步） overcome adversity（克服逆境） build up our confidence（树立我们的自信心） take practical actions（采取实际行动） 第三段：结尾（Conclusion & Appeal） 1. 功能定位： 总结观点 → 发出呼吁 / 升华主题 → 礼貌致谢，要求简洁有力、情感真挚，引发听众共鸣。 2. 典型收尾句 总结+呼吁：In a word, ... Let’s take action and.../ From what I’ve said, I hope all of us can... 哲理+升华：Remember that no growth is possible without challenges. Let’s face the future with courage and perseverance! 致谢：Thank you for your listening! 3. 语块库： In a word（总之；一言以蔽之） All in all（总而言之；归根结底） Let’s take action together（让我们共同行动起来） face the future with...（以…… 迎接未来） make a difference in our life（让我们的生活发生改变；为我们的生活带来不同） Thank you for your attention/listening（感谢大家的聆听！） 三、高频句型 （一）开场白：引出话题，点明主题 1. 基础句式 · Good morning/afternoon, teachers and fellow students! I’m glad to talk about... today. · It’s my great honor to stand here and share my ideas about... with you all. 2. 进阶句式 · Respected teachers and dear classmates, I’m here today to deliver a speech entitled..., which is a topic close to our senior high school life.（非限制性定语从句） · As an old saying goes, “Fortune favors the bold”, and today I’d like to talk about how courage helps us overcome difficulties.（名言+并列句） （二）正文：论证观点，支撑主题 1. 提出观点/表达看法 （1）基础句式：Firstly, we should face all kinds of challenges bravely./Perseverance is very important for us to achieve our goals. （2）进阶句式：What I want to emphasize is that it’s not failure but perseverance that leads us to success.（主语从句+强调句）/ Only by sticking to our goals can we overcome all the difficulties in our study.（倒装句） 2. 结合事例/自身经历 （1）基础句式：I once failed in... but I didn’t give up, and finally I made progress. / For example, Shackleton and his crew never gave up in the Antarctic expedition. （2）进阶句式：When I struggled with English speaking, I kept practicing every morning, which made my oral English much better.（时间状语从句+非限制性定语从句）/Although we may meet setbacks in life, we should never lose heart.（让步状语从句） 3. 解释原因/说明意义 （1）基础句式：Doing sth. can help us build up our confidence./Keeping a positive attitude is important because it can make us more brave. （2）进阶句式：Facing difficulties bravely not only helps us grow stronger but also teaches us the meaning of perseverance.（并列结构）/By taking small steps every day, we can gradually make great progress in our study.（方式状语） （三）结尾：总结升华，发出呼吁 1. 总结观点/升华主题 （1）基础句式：In a word, we should face challenges with courage and keep perseverance./All in all, every difficulty is a chance for us to grow. （2）进阶句式：This experience taught me that as long as we have the courage to try and stick to it, we will finally achieve our goals.（宾语从句+条件状语从句）/It is courage and perseverance that make us grow into a better self.（强调句） 2. 发出呼吁/表达期望 （1）基础句式：Let’s face the future with courage and make progress together!/I hope all of us can keep trying and never give up. （2）进阶句式：Let’s take action from now on, and we will surely turn every difficulty into a stepping stone for our growth!（并列句） 3. 礼貌致谢 · Thank you for your listening! · Thank you for your attention! （四）过渡语（提升逻辑连贯性） · 表顺序：Firstly / Secondly / Thirdly / Most importantly · 表递进：Besides / In addition / What’s more / Furthermore · 表转折：However / Nevertheless / Even so · 表总结：In a word / All in all / In conclusion / To sum up 四、常见题型（高考真题回顾） 体裁 试题来源 演讲主题 课文相关单元 核心要求 演讲稿 2025 年全国名校高二联考 Face Adversity with Courage（以勇气直面困境） 人教版选必二 Unit 1 Adversity and Courage 结合自身学习经历，谈如何以勇气面对困境，100-120 词 演讲稿 2024 年新高考 Ⅱ 卷模拟 Perseverance Leads to Success（坚持铸就成功） 人教版选必二 Unit 1 Adversity and Courage 结合典型事例，阐述坚持的重要性，格式正确，语言流畅 演讲稿 2023 年北京卷模拟 Youth and Struggle（青春与奋斗） 人教版必修一 Unit 1 Teenage Life 面向高一新生，分享高中奋斗的意义，提出具体做法，120 词左右 演讲稿 2022 年全国甲卷模拟 Cultural Confidence（文化自信） 人教版必修二 Unit 4 History and Traditions 谈高中生如何传承中华优秀传统文化，结合自身经历，引发共鸣 演讲稿 2021 年新高考 Ⅰ 卷模拟 Protect the Environment（保护环境） 人教版选必三 Unit 3 Environmental Protection 面向全校师生，发出环保倡议，提出具体可行的做法，100 词左右 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 高中英语（人教版）选择性必修三 Unit4 Adversity and Courage单元复习作业（学生版） 情境创设：本学期高二年级将开展“逆境与勇气”英文主题演讲比赛，本次比赛聚焦高二学子的学业成长与生活历练，核心议题为“以勇气直面困境，以坚持奔赴成长”。作为高二学生，你们正身处学业难度提升、升学压力渐增的关键阶段。刚完成的Adversity and Courage单元中，沙克尔顿带领船员在南极探险中直面重重困难、以无畏的勇气对抗极端环境的挑战、始终坚持不放弃最终实现全员救援成功的故事，恰为我们诠释了逆境中坚守的意义。现要求你以Face the Challenge, Persist with Courage为固定标题，撰写一篇英文演讲稿，代表班级参与年级演讲比赛。演讲将面向高二年级全体师生进行展示，时长控制在4-5分钟。单元复习作业将帮你回顾单元语言与文化知识，为顺利完成演讲比赛做准备。 Part I 逆境与勇气词汇储备 为帮助你提前了解逆境与勇气的主题，你需先梳理“以勇气直面困境，以坚持奔赴成长”的词汇。请完成以下词汇练习，为后续撰写演讲稿积累语言素材。 一、逆境与勇气词块挑战 在写演讲稿的过程中，你需要具体分析各种校园学习和生活场景。Li Hua is a Senior Two student facing great academic pressure, and his growth is a process of fighting against difficulties bravely. 请运用方框中本单元所学词汇的正确形式填空。 resolve, perseverance, challenge, courage, persist in, succeed in, turn sb down, overcome the difficulty, keep one’s spirits up, deal with 1. Li Hua’s application to join the school English debate team ______ at first, but he didn’t feel discouraged at all.（背景引入） 2. He made a firm ______ to improve his oral English and try again next time.（承接遇挫） 3. For Li Hua, speaking English fluently in public is a great ______ in his study life.（明确核心） 4. With the help of his teacher, Li Hua found the ______ to practice speaking English every morning on the playground.（推动行动） 5. Li Hua ______ reading English articles and recording his own voice for half a year, even in cold winter mornings.（具体叙事） 6. He also learned some useful ways to ______ his nervousness when speaking in front of people.（深化行动） 7. No matter how hard it was, Li Hua always ______ and never thought of giving up.（精神刻画） 8. After constant efforts, Li Hua finally ______ passing the school English debate team’s re-examination smoothly.（情节收尾） 9. This experience let him know that only with enough ______ can we face all kinds of difficulties in Senior Two.（初步感悟） 10. And he also realized that as long as we stick to our goals, we can always ______ in the end.（主题升华） 二、逆境与勇气词义对对碰 李华在整理给你的建议时发现，很多描述校园生活的词汇具有多重含义，若使用不当容易造成误解。请根据下列句子语境，选出加黑词的正确含义。 A. v. 克服；战胜 B. n. 毅力；韧性 C. v. 分配；布置 D. v. 放弃；舍弃 E. n. 挑战；艰巨的任务 F. v. 忍受；容忍 G. adj. 真诚的；真挚的 H. v. 成功；达成 I. n. 决心 J. v. 使泄气；使灰心 1. As a Senior Two student, Li Hua faced the biggest challenge of his life when he failed the physics exam. ______（情境引入：点明核心困境，铺垫主题背景） 2. Although Li Hua wanted to abandon his weak subject in the first month, he finally held on to it. ______（展现动摇：刻画真实心态，推进情节冲突） 3. With strong perseverance, Li Hua didn’t give up even when he met countless setbacks. ______（揭示内核：点明关键品质，锚定精神主线） 4. His teacher assigned him a study partner to help him catch up with the class. ______（引入外力：补充关键助力，丰富叙事层次） 5. Li Hua made a firm resolution to master all the key knowledge of the unit. ______（强化决心：明确行动目标，推进叙事节奏） 6. It is difficult to tolerate the boring training, but Li Hua managed to stay focused. ______（细化行动：描述过程细节，体现成长艰辛） 7. His genuine passion for English kept him moving forward when others laughed at him. ______（深化动因：补充内在情感，塑造立体形象） 8. Li Hua finally succeeded in winning the first prize in the English speech contest. ______（呈现结果：给出阶段反馈，完成情节闭环） 9. Faced with great pressure, Li Hua tried not to let discouragement discourage him. ______（展现反复：体现真实成长，避免叙事理想化） 10. With courage and wisdom, Li Hua finally overcame all the difficulties in his study. ______（总结升华：点明主题意义，收束全文立意） 三、逆境与勇气词汇拼图 为了让你更直观全面地了解高二学子的成长轨迹，感受从面临挑战到主动突破、收获成长的完整过程，李华整理了自己高中生活的关键片段。请根据中文提示运用本单元所学词汇补全下列句子。 1. 进入高二后，李华发现物理学习对他来说是一项巨大的挑战，但他决心克服困难。（challenge; resolve to do）（背景引入，设置核心矛盾） After entering Senior Two, Li Hua found learning physics was _______, but he _______ overcome the difficulty. 2. 他的物理老师建议他制定详细的学习计划，并且坚持每天练习错题。（recommend that...; persist in）（引入外部助力，推进解决路径） His physics teacher recommended that he _______ a detailed study plan and _______ practicing wrong exercises every day. 3. 虽然他曾因成绩不佳而想放弃，但他最终鼓起勇气，决定用毅力来证明自己。（abandon; courage; perseverance）（展现内心挣扎，丰富人物弧光） Although he once wanted to _______ physics because of his poor grades, he finally gathered _______ and decided to prove himself with _______. 4. 李华的努力没有白费，他不仅在月考中取得了进步，还成功克服了对物理的畏难情绪。（advance; succeed in; overcome）（呈现行动结果，完成阶段性闭环） Li Hua’s efforts paid off: he not only made _______ in the monthly exam but also _______ his fear of physics. 5. 这次经历让他明白，作为一名高中生，只有以真诚的态度和坚定的信念面对挑战，才能最终实现成长。（genuine; commitment; meet challenges）（总结升华，点明主题意义） This experience made him realize that as a high school student, only with a _______ attitude and strong _______ can he grow when _______ bravely. Part II 学习与生活、困境与成长解码 一、古今探索：学习前人精神 每个人都会经历困境，关键在于积极面对。请阅读一篇关于克服羞怯的阅读理解，了解前人如何在困境中坚守。 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 Perhaps one of China’s most famous sayings comes from Fan Zhongyan: “To be the first to feel concern for the world’s troubles, and the last to enjoy its pleasures.” This 11th-century proverb has long guided public officials in China, setting a high standard for selfless service. Fan Zhongyan (989–1052) lived by these words himself. Born in Suzhou, he lost his father at a young age. His mother soon remarried, and life grew difficult for him. Determined to learn, he left his stepfather’s family and lived in a temple. There, he studied hard, eating only simple porridge every day to survive. Even when friends offered him better food, he refused, saying he wanted to stay true to his simple life and focus on his goals. In 1015, Fan passed the imperial exam and became a government official. While working in Taizhou, he cared deeply for local people. To protect their homes from floods, he built a strong sea wall—later called “Lord Fan’s Embankment.” In times of war, he helped strengthen defenses. In peace, he rose to a high position in the capital, advising the emperor on national policies. Later, Fan tried to reform the government to help ordinary people. But many officials opposed his changes, forcing him to leave the capital and go into exile. Even so, his beliefs never wavered. In 1045, while exiled, he wrote Memorial to Yueyang Tower. In this famous essay, he asked: When do true public servants enjoy life? They worry about people when in power; they worry about their ruler when far from court. They worry even in retirement. Only by putting others first, Fan wrote, can one find true meaning in life. Today, Fan’s words still inspire people. His life shows that with courage, perseverance, and care for others, anyone can make a difference. 1. What is the main purpose of the passage? A. To show how Fan Zhongyan’s reforms changed ancient China. B. To explain the history of China’s imperial examination system. C. To describe Fan Zhongyan’s life and his spirit of selfless service. D. To introduce Fan Zhongyan’s famous essay Memorial to Yueyang Tower. 2. Why did Fan Zhongyan refuse the tasty food from his friend? A. He was too busy studying to eat it. B. He did not like the taste of the food. C. He wanted to keep his simple life and focus on his goals. D. He was afraid his friend would ask him for help in return. 3.What can we infer about Fan Zhongyan from the passage? A. He only cared about his own political career. B. He gave up his beliefs after being sent into exile. C. He failed in his studies because of his poor family background. D. He was determined to help people even when facing difficulties. 4. The underlined word“wavered”in Paragraph 4 most probably means ______. A. grew stronger B. became more popular C. disappeared completely D. changed or became weaker 5. 阅读表达 What two key personal qualities of Fan Zhongyan help you most? Why? (Please answer in one or two sentences.) ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ 6. 主题词汇提取：描写“学习与生活、困境与成长” 维度 英文词块 中文意思 成长困境 过着艰难的生活 幼年丧父 遭到某人的反对 遭到流放 被迫做某事 治学修身 决心求学 刻苦学习 专注于自己的目标 坚守简朴的生活 通过科举考试 躬身践行 深切体恤百姓 保护…… 免受…… 的侵害 巩固防御工事 就某事向某人提建议 试图改革朝政 精神内核 无私奉献 始终坚定自己的信念 先人后己；把他人放在首位 n. 毅力；坚韧不拔 产生影响；有所作为 激励世人 人生的真谛 二、困境破解：成长故事屋 每个人都会经历困境，关键在于如何面对。请阅读一篇关于克服羞怯的完形填空，了解作者如何克服困境。 阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 I was always a shy girl in junior high school. I was afraid to speak in class and often felt 1  when answering teachers’ questions. My grades in English were especially bad, and I even 2  to give up the subject. I thought I was just not 3  at language learning and that I would never make progress. One day, my new English teacher Ms. Lee noticed my 4  She pulled me aside after class and talked to me 5  She said she saw my hard work and told me that shyness was not a 6  , but a chance to practice courage. She 7  me to join the English corner and encouraged me to read aloud in class for just one sentence each time. At first, I was full of 8  . But with Ms. Lee’s patient encouragement, I tried my best to 9  my fear. I started to go to the English corner every week and speak a little more each time. When I made mistakes, Ms. Lee never 10  me; instead, she helped me correct them and praised my efforts. Gradually, my confidence 11  . My English grades improved little by little, and I even volunteered to answer questions in class. Now I am no longer the shy girl I used to be. This experience taught me that no matter what 12  we face in study and life, as long as we have the courage to try and 13  , we will finally grow and make progress. Small steps can 14   lead to big changes, and a little encouragement can make a huge 15  in a teenager’s life. 1. A. calm B. nervous C. excited D. proud 2. A. wanted B. refused C. managed D. forgot 3. A. good B. mad C. strict D. hard 4. A. pride B. kindness C. struggle D. happiness 5. A. angrily B. carelessly C. secretly D. gently 6. A. reason B. weakness C. choice D. result 7. A. invited B. forced C. allowed D. warned 8. A. joy B. hope C. fear D. surprise 9. A. face B. hide C. express D. share 10. A. praised B. comforted C. encouraged D. blamed 11. A. disappeared B. grew C. fell D. changed 12. A. difficulties B. chances C. successes D. dreams 13. A. give up B. look up C. stick to it D. turn back 14. A. suddenly B. finally C. immediately D. hardly 15. A. difference B. decision C. promise D. mistake 16. 主题词汇提取：描写“战胜困境” 维度 英文词块 中文意思 困境表现 学业困境 在学习和生活中遭遇挫折 做某事时感到紧张 想要放弃某门学科 不擅长语言学习 内心充满恐惧 外界助力 注意到某人的困境与挣扎 课后把某人拉到一边 温柔地与某人交谈 鼓励某人做某事 帮助某人改正错误 表扬某人的努力 给予某人耐心的鼓励 自我突破 勇敢直面内心的恐惧 参加英语角 课堂上大声朗读 坚持下去并不断尝试 自愿回答问题 成长蜕变 树立自信心 逐渐取得进步 提高成绩 小进步促成大改变 对某人的生活产生巨大影响 克服困难并实现成长 三、规划实战：个人成长营 克服困境是个人成长的关键。请完成语法填空，学习如何在学习生活中克服困难，实现自我成长。 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 High school life is filled with both joys and struggles. For many teenagers, 1 (deal) with academic pressure and social challenges is part of growing up. When we fall behind in our studies or feel 2 (stress) about exams, it’s easy to lose heart. However, these difficulties are not 3 (necessary) signs of failure. Instead of 4 (escape) from problems, we should face them bravely. When we meet 5 (difficult), we can turn to our teachers and parents for help. They will give us advice 6 helps us find solutions. We should also learn to set small goals. Breaking big tasks into small steps makes them much 7 (manage). Celebrating every small progress 8 (keep) us motivated. Even if we make mistakes, we shouldn’t feel discouraged. Every 9 (fail) teaches us a lesson. As we keep trying, we will realize 10 we have grown stronger and more confident. 11. 主题词汇提取：描写“个人成长” 维度 英文词块 中文意思 成长中的困境 高中生活的困境 学业压力 社交挑战 学习落后 对考试感到焦虑 灰心；失去信心 面对困境的态度 勇敢面对问题 保持积极心态 逃避问题 解决问题的方法 向某人求助 设定小目标 把大任务分解成小步骤 找到解决方法 成长心态与动力 犯错误 微小的进步 保持积极性 感到沮丧 成长收获与蜕变 变得更坚强 变得更自信 成长的一部分 给某人一个教训 Part III “逆境与勇气”演讲稿创作 一、语言实验室 1. Fan Zhongyan lived by his famous words himself, who lost his father at a young age but still was determined to learn.（主体段 — 举例论证句） 李华践行了自己的学习誓言，他曾英语成绩很差但仍坚持每天练习口语。（非限制性定语从句+ but 转折并列句） 仿写：__________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________ 2. It is not signs of weakness but stepping stones to growth that these academic struggles are.（开篇 /主体段—观点亮明句） 这些生活中的挑战不是失败的标志，而是锻炼我们意志的机会。(强调句) 仿写：__________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________ 3. Faced with great difficulty in learning physics, Li Hua never gives up and asks his teacher for help every week.（主体段—细节叙事句） 面对演讲比赛的巨大压力，我没有退缩而是每天练习演讲稿。(非谓语作状语) 仿写：__________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________ 4. Only by putting others first can one find true meaning in life.（主体段/结尾—观点升华句） 只有通过坚持不懈的努力，我们才能克服高中的所有困难。(倒装句) 仿写：__________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________ 5. Although Fan Zhongyan was forced to go into exile, his beliefs never wavered in the least.（主体段—转折论证句） 虽然我在月考中没有取得进步，但我对学习的热情从未减少。(让步状语从句) 仿写：__________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________ 6. This experience taught him that as long as we stick to our goals, we can always overcome the difficulty in the end.（结尾段—总结感悟句） 这次经历让我明白，只要我们勇敢面对恐惧，就能在成长中变得更自信。(宾语从句 + 条件状语从句) 仿写：__________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________ 二、模拟任务展示厅 假定你是高二某学生，你校将举办以Face Adversity with Courage, Achieve Growth through Perseverance为主题的英文演讲比赛，请你结合自身学习生活经历，撰写一篇演讲稿参赛。 要求： 1. 词数：80词左右； 2. 内容完整，逻辑清晰，贴合主题； 3. 语言规范，适当使用单元重点词汇和句式； 4. 格式正确，符合演讲稿的文体特征。 5. 语言要求：请在以下五种句式中至少运用三种句式： ·非限制性定语从句 ·强调句 ·倒装句 ·让步状语从句 ·宾语从句 ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ 作业自评量表 评价维度 评价项目 评价标准 完成时间 自评等级（打√） 自评等级（打√） 自评等级（打√） 自评等级（打√） A（优秀） B（良好） C（一般） D（需改进） Part Ⅰ词汇运用（基础积累） 关键词闯关 能准确用所给词的正确形式 / 中文提示填空，无错误，熟练掌握单元核心词汇变形 词块挑战 能精准运用单元词块正确形式填空，词块搭配无失误，可灵活识记并复用 词义对对碰 能结合语境准确判断多义词含义，理解词汇在不同场景的用法差异 词汇拼图 能根据中文提示，熟练运用单元词汇 / 句式完成句子，语法、拼写均正确 Part Ⅱ语篇理解（能力提升） 阅读理解作答 能准确把握语篇主旨和细节，选择题、阅读表达题作答正确率≥90%，答案贴合文本 七选五解题 能根据语篇逻辑衔接关系，准确选出答案，理解段落间、句子间的关联，正确率≥80% 完形填空作答 能结合语境、语法和词汇辨析完成填空，把握人物情感和故事主线，正确率≥80% 语法填空作答 能准确判断语法考点，正确填出单词形式 / 适当词汇，无语法、拼写错误，正确率≥80% 主题词汇提取 能结合语篇快速提炼不同维度的主题词块，词块分类准确、无遗漏，识记清晰 Part Ⅲ写作应用（综合输出） 句式仿写 能准确模仿指定句式完成句子，句式结构正确，结合主题灵活运用，无语法错误 演讲稿创作 - 格式 严格遵循演讲稿文体格式，包含称呼、问候、开场白、致谢，格式无疏漏 演讲稿创作 - 内容 紧扣 “逆境与勇气” 主题，结合自身 / 单元素材，内容完整、逻辑清晰，贴合写作要求 4. 演讲稿创作 - 语言 能熟练运用单元核心词汇 / 词块，至少完成 3 种指定句式的运用，语言流畅、无低级错误 演讲稿创作 - 词数 严格把控写作词数，符合题目要求的词数范围，无过多或过少情况 综合评价（整体掌握） 知识掌握 全面掌握本单元 “逆境与勇气” 主题的词汇、词块、核心句式，能灵活理解和运用 能力提升 能熟练完成阅读、完形、语法填空等题型，具备语篇理解和逻辑分析能力 综合输出 能结合单元知识完成英文写作，实现词汇、句式的综合运用，达到演讲稿的表达要求 完成态度 认真、独立完成全部作业内容，书写工整，无敷衍、漏做情况，按时完成 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 高中英语（人教版）选择性必修三 Unit4 Adversity and Courage单元复习作业（教师版） 情境创设：本学期高二年级将开展“逆境与勇气”英文主题演讲比赛，本次比赛聚焦高二学子的学业成长与生活历练，核心议题为“以勇气直面困境，以坚持奔赴成长”。作为高二学生，你们正身处学业难度提升、升学压力渐增的关键阶段。刚完成的Adversity and Courage单元中，沙克尔顿带领船员在南极探险中直面重重困难、以无畏的勇气对抗极端环境的挑战、始终坚持不放弃最终实现全员救援成功的故事，恰为我们诠释了逆境中坚守的意义。现要求你以Face the Challenge, Persist with Courage为固定标题，撰写一篇英文演讲稿，代表班级参与年级演讲比赛。演讲将面向高二年级全体师生进行展示，时长控制在4-5分钟。单元复习作业将帮你回顾单元语言与文化知识，为顺利完成演讲比赛做准备。 Part I 逆境与勇气词汇储备 为帮助你提前了解逆境与勇气的主题，你需先梳理“以勇气直面困境，以坚持奔赴成长”的词汇。请完成以下词汇练习，为后续撰写演讲稿积累语言素材。 一、逆境与勇气词块挑战 在写演讲稿的过程中，你需要具体分析各种校园学习和生活场景。Li Hua is a Senior Two student facing great academic pressure, and his growth is a process of fighting against difficulties bravely. 请运用方框中本单元所学词汇的正确形式填空。 resolve, perseverance, challenge, courage, persist in, succeed in, turn sb down, overcome the difficulty, keep one’s spirits up, deal with 1. Li Hua’s application to join the school English debate team was turned down at first, but he didn’t feel discouraged at all.（背景引入） 2. He made a firm resolution to improve his oral English and try again next time.（承接遇挫） 3. For Li Hua, speaking English fluently in public is a great challenge in his study life.（明确核心） 4. With the help of his teacher, Li Hua found the courage to practice speaking English every morning on the playground.（推动行动） 5. Li Hua persisted in reading English articles and recording his own voice for half a year, even in cold winter mornings.（具体叙事） 6. He also learned some useful ways to deal with his nervousness when speaking in front of people.（深化行动） 7. No matter how hard it was, Li Hua always kept his spirits up and never thought of giving up.（精神刻画） 8. After constant efforts, Li Hua finally succeeded in passing the school English debate team’s re-examination smoothly.（情节收尾） 9. This experience let him know that only with enough perseverance can we face all kinds of difficulties in Senior Two.（初步感悟） 10. And he also realized that as long as we stick to our goals, we can always overcome the difficulty in the end.（主题升华） 二、逆境与勇气词义对对碰 李华在整理给你的建议时发现，很多描述校园生活的词汇具有多重含义，若使用不当容易造成误解。请根据下列句子语境，选出加黑词的正确含义。 A. v. 克服；战胜 B. n. 毅力；韧性 C. v. 分配；布置 D. v. 放弃；舍弃 E. n. 挑战；艰巨的任务 F. v. 忍受；容忍 G. adj. 真诚的；真挚的 H. v. 成功；达成 I. n. 决心 J. v. 使泄气；使灰心 1. As a Senior Two student, Li Hua faced the biggest challenge of his life when he failed the physics exam. E 情境引入：点明核心困境，铺垫主题背景） 2. Although Li Hua wanted to abandon his weak subject in the first month, he finally held on to it. D（展现动摇：刻画真实心态，推进情节冲突） 3. With strong perseverance, Li Hua didn’t give up even when he met countless setbacks.B（揭示内核：点明关键品质，锚定精神主线） 4. His teacher assigned him a study partner to help him catch up with the class.C（引入外力：补充关键助力，丰富叙事层次） 5. Li Hua made a firm resolution to master all the key knowledge of the unit. I（强化决心：明确行动目标，推进叙事节奏） 6. It is difficult to tolerate the boring training, but Li Hua managed to stay focused. F（细化行动：描述过程细节，体现成长艰辛） 7. His genuine passion for English kept him moving forward when others laughed at him. G（深化动因：补充内在情感，塑造立体形象） 8. Li Hua finally succeeded in winning the first prize in the English speech contest. H（呈现结果：给出阶段反馈，完成情节闭环） 9. Faced with great pressure, Li Hua tried not to let discouragement discourage him. J（展现反复：体现真实成长，避免叙事理想化） 10. With courage and wisdom, Li Hua finally overcame all the difficulties in his study. A（总结升华：点明主题意义，收束全文立意） 三、逆境与勇气词汇拼图 为了让你更直观全面地了解高二学子的成长轨迹，感受从面临挑战到主动突破、收获成长的完整过程，李华整理了自己高中生活的关键片段。请根据中文提示运用本单元所学词汇补全下列句子。 1. 进入高二后，李华发现物理学习对他来说是一项巨大的挑战，但他决心克服困难。（challenge; resolve to do）（背景引入，设置核心矛盾） After entering Senior Two, Li Hua found learning physics was a great challenge, but he resolved to overcome the difficulty. 2. 他的物理老师建议他制定详细的学习计划，并且坚持每天练习错题。（recommend that...; persist in）（引入外部助力，推进解决路径） His physics teacher recommended that he (should) make a detailed study plan and persist in practicing wrong exercises every day. 3. 虽然他曾因成绩不佳而想放弃，但他最终鼓起勇气，决定用毅力来证明自己。（abandon; courage; perseverance）（展现内心挣扎，丰富人物弧光） Although he once wanted to abandon physics because of his poor grades, he finally gathered courage and decided to prove himself with perseverance. 4. 李华的努力没有白费，他不仅在月考中取得了进步，还成功克服了对物理的畏难情绪。（advance; succeed in; overcome）（呈现行动结果，完成阶段性闭环） Li Hua’s efforts paid off: he not only made advances in the monthly exam but also succeeded in overcoming his fear of physics. 5. 这次经历让他明白，作为一名高中生，只有以真诚的态度和坚定的信念面对挑战，才能最终实现成长。（genuine; commitment; meet challenges）（总结升华，点明主题意义） This experience made him realize that as a high school student, only with a genuine attitude and strong commitment can he grow when meeting challenges bravely. Part II 学习与生活、困境与成长解码 一、古今探索：学习前人精神 每个人都会经历困境，关键在于积极面对。请阅读一篇关于克服羞怯的阅读理解，了解前人如何在困境中坚守。 【原创试题】原文选自人教版选择性必修三Unit 4 Adversity and Courage---Extended reading 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 Perhaps one of China’s most famous sayings comes from Fan Zhongyan: “To be the first to feel concern for the world’s troubles, and the last to enjoy its pleasures.” This 11th-century proverb has long guided public officials in China, setting a high standard for selfless service. Fan Zhongyan (989–1052) lived by these words himself. Born in Suzhou, he lost his father at a young age. His mother soon remarried, and life grew difficult for him. Determined to learn, he left his stepfather’s family and lived in a temple. There, he studied hard, eating only simple porridge every day to survive. Even when friends offered him better food, he refused, saying he wanted to stay true to his simple life and focus on his goals. In 1015, Fan passed the imperial exam and became a government official. While working in Taizhou, he cared deeply for local people. To protect their homes from floods, he built a strong sea wall—later called “Lord Fan’s Embankment.” In times of war, he helped strengthen defenses. In peace, he rose to a high position in the capital, advising the emperor on national policies. Later, Fan tried to reform the government to help ordinary people. But many officials opposed his changes, forcing him to leave the capital and go into exile. Even so, his beliefs never wavered. In 1045, while exiled, he wrote Memorial to Yueyang Tower. In this famous essay, he asked: When do true public servants enjoy life? They worry about people when in power; they worry about their ruler when far from court. They worry even in retirement. Only by putting others first, Fan wrote, can one find true meaning in life. Today, Fan’s words still inspire people. His life shows that with courage, perseverance, and care for others, anyone can make a difference. 1. What is the main purpose of the passage? A. To show how Fan Zhongyan’s reforms changed ancient China. B. To explain the history of China’s imperial examination system. C. To describe Fan Zhongyan’s life and his spirit of selfless service. D. To introduce Fan Zhongyan’s famous essay Memorial to Yueyang Tower. 2. Why did Fan Zhongyan refuse the tasty food from his friend? A. He was too busy studying to eat it. B. He did not like the taste of the food. C. He wanted to keep his simple life and focus on his goals. D. He was afraid his friend would ask him for help in return. 3.What can we infer about Fan Zhongyan from the passage? A. He only cared about his own political career. B. He gave up his beliefs after being sent into exile. C. He failed in his studies because of his poor family background. D. He was determined to help people even when facing difficulties. 4. The underlined word“wavered”in Paragraph 4 most probably means ______. A. grew stronger B. became more popular C. disappeared completely D. changed or became weaker 【答案】1-4 CCDD 5. 阅读表达 What two key personal qualities of Fan Zhongyan help you most? Why? (Please answer in one or two sentences.) His determination and care for others help me most. His resolve to study hard despite hardship and dedication to people set a great example. 6. 主题词汇提取：描写“学习与生活、困境与成长” 维度 英文词块 中文意思 成长困境 live a difficult life 过着艰难的生活 lose one’s father at a young age 幼年丧父 face opposition from sb. 遭到某人的反对 go into exile 遭到流放 be forced to do sth. 被迫做某事 治学修身 be determined to learn 决心求学 study hard 刻苦学习 focus on one’s goals 专注于自己的目标 stay true to one’s simple life 坚守简朴的生活 pass the imperial exam 通过科举考试 躬身践行 care deeply for local people 深切体恤百姓 protect...from... 保护…… 免受…… 的侵害 strengthen defenses 巩固防御工事 advise sb. on sth. 就某事向某人提建议 try to reform the government 试图改革朝政 精神内核 selfless service 无私奉献 never waver in one’s beliefs 始终坚定自己的信念 put others first 先人后己；把他人放在首位 perseverance n. 毅力；坚韧不拔 make a difference 产生影响；有所作为 inspire people 激励世人 the true meaning of life 人生的真谛 二、困境破解：成长故事屋 每个人都会经历困境，关键在于如何面对。请阅读一篇关于克服羞怯的完形填空，了解作者如何克服困境。 【改编试题】改编自人人文库 2025 年高二英语完形填空专项练习 阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 I was always a shy girl in junior high school. I was afraid to speak in class and often felt 1  when answering teachers’ questions. My grades in English were especially bad, and I even 2  to give up the subject. I thought I was just not 3  at language learning and that I would never make progress. One day, my new English teacher Ms. Lee noticed my 4  She pulled me aside after class and talked to me 5  She said she saw my hard work and told me that shyness was not a 6  , but a chance to practice courage. She 7  me to join the English corner and encouraged me to read aloud in class for just one sentence each time. At first, I was full of 8  . But with Ms. Lee’s patient encouragement, I tried my best to 9  my fear. I started to go to the English corner every week and speak a little more each time. When I made mistakes, Ms. Lee never 10  me; instead, she helped me correct them and praised my efforts. Gradually, my confidence 11  . My English grades improved little by little, and I even volunteered to answer questions in class. Now I am no longer the shy girl I used to be. This experience taught me that no matter what 12  we face in study and life, as long as we have the courage to try and 13  , we will finally grow and make progress. Small steps can 14   lead to big changes, and a little encouragement can make a huge 15  in a teenager’s life. 1. A. calm B. nervous C. excited D. proud 2. A. wanted B. refused C. managed D. forgot 3. A. good B. mad C. strict D. hard 4. A. pride B. kindness C. struggle D. happiness 5. A. angrily B. carelessly C. secretly D. gently 6. A. reason B. weakness C. choice D. result 7. A. invited B. forced C. allowed D. warned 8. A. joy B. hope C. fear D. surprise 9. A. face B. hide C. express D. share 10. A. praised B. comforted C. encouraged D. blamed 11. A. disappeared B. grew C. fell D. changed 12. A. difficulties B. chances C. successes D. dreams 13. A. give up B. look up C. stick to it D. turn back 14. A. suddenly B. finally C. immediately D. hardly 15. A. difference B. decision C. promise D. mistake 【答案】 1-5 BAACD 6-10 BACAD 11-15 BACBA 16. 主题词汇提取：描写“战胜困境” 维度 英文词块 中文意思 困境表现 academic struggles 学业困境 face setbacks in study and life 在学习和生活中遭遇挫折 feel nervous when doing sth 做某事时感到紧张 want to give up the subject 想要放弃某门学科 be not good at language learning 不擅长语言学习 be full of fear 内心充满恐惧 外界助力 notice one’s struggle 注意到某人的困境与挣扎 pull sb. aside after class 课后把某人拉到一边 talk to sb. gently 温柔地与某人交谈 encourage sb. to do sth 鼓励某人做某事 help sb. correct mistakes 帮助某人改正错误 praise one’s efforts 表扬某人的努力 give sb. patient encouragement 给予某人耐心的鼓励 自我突破 face one’s fear bravely 勇敢直面内心的恐惧 join the English corner 参加英语角 read aloud in class 课堂上大声朗读 stick to it and keep trying 坚持下去并不断尝试 volunteer to answer questions 自愿回答问题 成长蜕变 build up one’s confidence 树立自信心 make progress little by little 逐渐取得进步 improve one’s grades 提高成绩 small steps lead to big changes 小进步促成大改变 make a huge difference in one’s life 对某人的生活产生巨大影响 overcome difficulties and grow up 克服困难并实现成长 三、规划实战：个人成长营 克服困境是个人成长的关键。请完成语法填空，学习如何在学习生活中克服困难，实现自我成长。 【改编试题】改编自《2025 高二英语话题专项训练（成长与挫折）》（外研版配套练习） 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 High school life is filled with both joys and struggles. For many teenagers, 1 (deal) with academic pressure and social challenges is part of growing up. When we fall behind in our studies or feel 2 (stress) about exams, it’s easy to lose heart. However, these difficulties are not 3 (necessary) signs of failure. Instead of 4 (escape) from problems, we should face them bravely. When we meet 5 (difficult), we can turn to our teachers and parents for help. They will give us advice 6 helps us find solutions. We should also learn to set small goals. Breaking big tasks into small steps makes them much 7 (manage). Celebrating every small progress 8 (keep) us motivated. Even if we make mistakes, we shouldn’t feel discouraged. Every 9 (fail) teaches us a lesson. As we keep trying, we will realize 10 we have grown stronger and more confident. 【答案】 1. dealing 2. stressed 3. necessarily 4. escaping 5. difficulties 6. that/which 7. more manageable 8. keeps 9. failure 10. that 11. 主题词汇提取：描写“个人成长” 维度 英文词块 中文意思 成长中的困境 high school struggles 高中生活的困境 academic pressure 学业压力 social challenges 社交挑战 fall behind in studies 学习落后 feel stressed about exams 对考试感到焦虑 lose heart 灰心；失去信心 面对困境的态度 face problems bravely 勇敢面对问题 keep a positive attitude 保持积极心态 escape from problems 逃避问题 解决问题的方法 turn to sb. for help 向某人求助 set small goals 设定小目标 break big tasks into small steps 把大任务分解成小步骤 find solutions 找到解决方法 成长心态与动力 make mistakes 犯错误 small progress 微小的进步 keep motivated 保持积极性 feel discouraged 感到沮丧 成长收获与蜕变 grow stronger 变得更坚强 grow more confident 变得更自信 part of growing up 成长的一部分 teach sb. a lesson 给某人一个教训 Part III “逆境与勇气”演讲稿创作 一、语言实验室 1. Fan Zhongyan lived by his famous words himself, who lost his father at a young age but still was determined to learn.（主体段—举例论证句） 李华践行了自己的学习誓言，他曾英语成绩很差但仍坚持每天练习口语。（非限制性定语从句 + but 转折并列句） 仿写：Li Hua lived by his own study promise himself, who once did badly in English but still persisted in practicing oral English every day. 2. It is not signs of weakness but stepping stones to growth that these academic struggles are.（开篇 /主体段—观点亮明句） 这些生活中的挑战不是失败的标志，而是锻炼我们意志的机会。(强调句) 仿写：It is not signs of failure but chances to exercise our will that these life challenges are. 3. Faced with great difficulty in learning physics, Li Hua never gives up and asks his teacher for help every week.（主体段—细节叙事句） 面对演讲比赛的巨大压力，我没有退缩而是每天练习演讲稿。(非谓语作状语) 仿写：Faced with great pressure of the speech contest, I never backed down but practiced the speech script every day. 4. Only by putting others first can one find true meaning in life.（主体段/结尾—观点升华句） 只有通过坚持不懈的努力，我们才能克服高中的所有困难。(倒装句) 仿写：Only by making unremitting efforts can we overcome all the difficulties in senior high school. 5. Although Fan Zhongyan was forced to go into exile, his beliefs never wavered in the least.（主体段—转折论证句） 虽然我在月考中没有取得进步，但我对学习的热情从未减少。(让步状语从句) 仿写：Although I didn’t make progress in the monthly exam, my passion for study never decreased in the least. 6. This experience taught him that as long as we stick to our goals, we can always overcome the difficulty in the end.（结尾段—总结感悟句） 这次经历让我明白，只要我们勇敢面对恐惧，就能在成长中变得更自信。(宾语从句 + 条件状语从句) 仿写：This experience taught me that as long as we face our fears bravely, we can become more confident in our growth. 二、模拟任务展示厅 假定你是高二某学生，你校将举办以Face Adversity with Courage, Achieve Growth through Perseverance为主题的英文演讲比赛，请你结合自身学习生活经历，撰写一篇演讲稿参赛。 要求： 1. 词数：80词左右； 2. 内容完整，逻辑清晰，贴合主题； 3. 语言规范，适当使用单元重点词汇和句式； 4. 格式正确，符合演讲稿的文体特征。 5. 语言要求：请在以下五种句式中至少运用三种句式： ·非限制性定语从句 ·强调句 ·倒装句 ·让步状语从句 ·宾语从句 Sample 1 (99 words) Face Adversity with Courage, Achieve Growth through Perseverance Dear teachers and fellow students,Good morning! It’s my great honor to stand here and share my thoughts on facing adversity. It is courage and perseverance that are the keys to overcoming all difficulties in our life. (开篇亮明主旨，点出主题核心品质) Although I once failed in my physics exam and felt really upset, I never thought of giving up. (引出自身学习困境，体现直面挫折的态度) I made a detailed study plan and asked my teacher for help every week, which helped me make steady progress little by little. (讲述应对困境的具体行动，补充行动带来的实际效果) Only by facing challenges bravely and sticking to our goals can we turn adversity into a stepping stone for growth. (强化核心观点，点明直面困境的意义) I firmly believe that every hard time we go through will make us a stronger and better person. (总结感悟升华主题，传递正向成长理念)Thank you for listening! 使用句式：强调句，让步状语从句，非限制性定语从句，倒装句，宾语从句。 Sample 2 (128 words) Face Adversity with Courage, Achieve Growth through Perseverance Dear teachers and fellow students,Good morning! It’s my profound honor to stand here and deliver a speech themed on adversity and growth. It is the unyielding courage and persistent perseverance that enable us to surmount all obstacles on the journey of life. (开篇亮明主旨，用高级词汇凸显核心观点，引发听众关注) Although we are frequently confronted with academic frustrations and life setbacks in senior high school, we should never abandon our pursuit of dreams. (结合高中生实际引出困境，贴合主题且符合语境) We can seek guidance from teachers and partners and stick to taking small but solid steps, which will gradually accumulate into great power to break through difficulties. (提出解决困境的方法，补充行动的深层意义，衔接自然) Only by facing adversity head-on and holding fast to our original aspirations can we transform hardships into precious wealth for growth. (强化核心观点，升华直面困境的价值，句式高级且富有感染力) I deeply believe that every tough experience we undergo will forge a more resilient self and light up our way forward in the long run. (总结感悟并寄予期许，提升演讲的思想深度)Thank you for listening! 使用句式：强调句，让步状语从句，非限制性定语从句，倒装句，宾语从句。 【详细解答】 Part II 学习与生活、困境与成长解码 一、古今探索：学习前人精神 【语篇导读】本文是一篇人物传记类记叙文，以北宋名臣范仲淹的千古名言 “先天下之忧而忧，后天下之乐而乐” 为切入点，按时间线梳理了范仲淹的人生关键经历：幼年丧父、家境贫寒却立志求学，苦读成才后通过科举入朝为官，任上体恤百姓、兴修水利、辅佐朝政，为帮扶百姓推行改革却遭反对被迫流放，即便身处逆境仍坚守初心、心系天下，还写下《岳阳楼记》抒发抱负。文章通过讲述其生平，诠释了范仲淹无私奉献、坚守信念、直面逆境的精神，凸显了 “逆境与勇气” 的核心主题，也点明了其精神对后世的深远激励意义。 【解析】 1. C 主旨大意题。根据全文内容，首段以范仲淹的名言引出其无私奉献的精神，第二至四段依次讲述其苦学成才、为官为民、改革受挫仍坚守信念的生平，最后一段总结其人生所彰显的品质及对世人的影响。A 选项未提及改革对古代中国的改变。；B 选项文中未解释科举制度历史；D 选项仅提及《岳阳楼记》，属于细节本文核心是介绍范仲淹的生平及他的无私奉献精神，故选 C。 2. C 细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句 “Even when friends offered him better food, he refused, saying he wanted to stay true to his simple life and focus on his goals.” 可知，范仲淹拒绝朋友美味食物的原因是想要坚守简朴的生活，专注于自己的目标。A、B、D 选项均为文章未提及内容，故选 C。 3. D 推理判断题。根据第二段他贫寒中苦学、第三段他为官心系百姓修海堤、第四段他为帮百姓改革遭流放却 “beliefs never wavered” 可知，范仲淹即便面对重重困难，仍坚定地想要帮助百姓。A 选项与他心系百姓的行为矛盾；B 选项与 “信念从未动摇” 相悖；C 选项与他苦学成才的事实不符。故选 D。 4. D 词义猜测题。根据第四段 “Later, Fan tried to reform the government to help ordinary people. But many officials opposed his changes, forcing him to leave the capital and go into exile. Even so, his beliefs never wavered.” 可知，“Even so” 表转折，前文指范仲淹遭遇流放的困境，转折后应是其信念未发生负面变化。“wavered” 意为 “改变、动摇”，A 选项 “变得更坚定”、B 选项 “变得更受欢迎”、C 选项 “彻底消失” 均不符合语境逻辑，故选 D。 二、困境破解：成长故事屋 【语篇导读】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了作者初中时性格害羞，因英语成绩差而陷入自我否定，甚至想要放弃英语学习。在新英语老师的耐心引导与鼓励下，作者逐渐克服胆怯，勇敢开口练习，最终不仅提升了英语成绩，也变得更加自信开朗。文章传递了 “面对困境，勇气与坚持能带来成长，他人的善意鼓励也能照亮前行之路” 的主题，契合 “逆境与成长” 的单元核心话题。 【解析】 1. B 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我初中时一直是个害羞的女孩，不敢在课堂上发言，回答老师的问题时经常感到______。A. calm 冷静的；B. nervous 紧张的；C. excited 兴奋的；D. proud 骄傲的。由上文 “I was always a shy girl... afraid to speak in class” 可知，作者性格害羞，在课堂回答问题时会感到紧张，故选 B。 2. A 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我的英语成绩特别差，我甚至______放弃这门学科。A. wanted 想要；B. refused 拒绝；C. managed 设法做到；D. forgot 忘记。由前文 “grades... especially bad” 可知，糟糕的成绩让作者产生了放弃的念头，“want to do sth.” 符合语境，故选 A。 3. A 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我认为自己只是不______语言学习，而且永远不会取得进步。A. good 擅长的；B. mad 疯狂的；C. strict 严格的；D. hard 困难的。本题考查固定搭配 “be good at”（擅长），结合前文作者因成绩差而自我否定的语境，她认为自己不擅长语言学习，故选 A。 4. C 考查名词词义辨析。句意：有一天，我的新英语老师李老师注意到了我的______。A. pride 骄傲；B. kindness 善良；C. struggle 困境；D. happiness 快乐。前文详细描述了作者害羞、英语差、想要放弃的学习困境，此处指老师注意到了她的挣扎与难处，故选 C。 5. D 考查副词词义辨析。句意：她课后把我拉到一边，______和我交谈。A. angrily 生气地；B. carelessly 粗心地；C. secretly 秘密地；D. gently 温和地。由后文老师 “saw my hard work”“encouraged me” 等正面行为可知，老师的态度是温和友善的，故选 D。 6. B 考查名词词义辨析。句意：她告诉我害羞并不是一种______，而是一个锻炼勇气的机会。A. reason 原因；B. weakness 弱点；C. choice 选择；D. result 结果。本题考查 “not... but...” 的转折逻辑，后文 “a chance to practice courage” 是积极表述，前半句应对应消极含义，即老师引导作者不把害羞视为缺点，故选 B。 7. A 考查动词词义辨析。句意：她______我参加英语角，并鼓励我每次在课堂上大声朗读一句话。A. invited 邀请；B. forced 强迫；C. allowed 允许；D. warned 警告。由后文并列的 “encouraged” 可知，老师的行为是积极引导的，邀请作者参加英语角符合语境，故选 A。 8. C 考查名词词义辨析。句意：一开始，我内心充满了______。A. joy 喜悦；B. hope 希望；C. fear 恐惧；D. surprise 惊讶。前文提到作者害羞、害怕开口，面对老师的建议，她最初的情绪应是恐惧，与后文 “overcome my fear” 呼应，故选 C。 9. A 考查动词词义辨析。句意：但在李老师的耐心鼓励下，我尽我最大的努力______我的恐惧。A. face 面对；B. hide 隐藏；C. express 表达；D. share 分享。由后文作者参加英语角、在课堂发言的行为可知，她开始直面自己的恐惧，故选 A。 10. D 考查动词词义辨析。句意：当我犯错时，李老师从不______我；相反，她帮我纠正并表扬我的努力。A. praised 表扬；B. comforted 安慰；C. encouraged 鼓励；D. blamed 责备。由 “instead” 可知前后为转折关系，后文是老师的正面引导，前文应是相反的行为，即老师从不责备她的错误，故选 D。 11. B 考查动词词义辨析。句意：渐渐地，我的自信______。A. disappeared 消失；B. grew 增长；C. fell 下降；D. changed 改变。由后文作者主动发言、成绩提升可知，她的自信心在逐渐增强，故选 B。 12. A 考查名词词义辨析。句意：这段经历教会我，无论我们在学习和生活中遇到什么______，只要我们有勇气尝试，最终都会成长和进步。A. difficulties 困难；B. chances 机会；C. successes 成功；D. dreams 梦想。结合前文作者遇到的英语学习困境可知，此处指面对困难，故选 A。 13. C 考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：只要我们有勇气尝试并______，最终都会成长和进步。A. give up 放弃；B. look up 查阅；C. stick to it 坚持；D. turn back 回头。前文讲述了作者在老师鼓励下坚持练习的过程，此处强调面对困境要坚持下去，故选 C。 14. B 考查副词词义辨析。句意：微小的步骤______能带来巨大的改变。A. suddenly 突然；B. finally 最终；C. immediately 立刻；D. hardly 几乎不。由前文作者一步步克服困难、最终改变的经历可知，小的努力最终会带来大的改变，故选 B。 15. A 考查名词词义辨析。句意：而一点鼓励就能在青少年的生活中产生巨大的______。A. difference 影响；B. decision 决定；C. promise 承诺；D. mistake 错误。本题考查固定搭配 “make a difference”（产生影响），指老师的鼓励对作者产生了巨大影响，故选 A。 三、规划实战：个人成长营 【语篇导读】这是一篇议论文。围绕高中生活的苦与乐展开，论述了青少年面对学业压力、社交挑战等困境时的正确应对方式，指出困难并非失败的标志，强调直面问题、寻求帮助、设立小目标、坚持尝试的重要性，揭示了困境促人成长的道理。 【解析】 1. dealing 考查非谓语动词。句意：对许多青少年来说，应对学业压力和社交挑战是成长的一部分。句中缺少主语，deal with 为动词短语，此处应用其动名词形式作主语，故填 dealing。 2. stressed 考查形容词。句意：当我们学习落后或对考试感到焦虑时，很容易灰心。feel 为系动词，后接形容词作表语，stress 的形容词形式 stressed 修饰人，意为 “感到焦虑的、有压力的”，故填 stressed。 3. necessarily 考查副词。句意：然而，这些困难不一定是失败的标志。此处修饰系表结构 “are signs of failure”，应用副词作状语，necessary 的副词形式为 necessarily，not necessarily 为固定搭配，意为 “不一定”，故填 necessarily。 4. escaping 考查非谓语动词。句意：与其逃避问题，我们不如勇敢地面对它们。instead of 为介词短语，后接动名词作宾语，escape 的动名词形式为 escaping，故填 escaping。 5. difficulties 考查名词。句意：当我们遇到困难时，我们可以向老师和父母求助。meet 为及物动词，后接名词作宾语，difficult 的名词形式为 difficulty，此处表泛指的 “各种困难”，应用可数名词复数形式，故填 difficulties。 6. that/which 考查定语从句关系词。句意：他们会给我们能帮我们找到解决办法的建议。此处引导限制性定语从句，先行词是 advice，指物，关系词在从句中作主语，应用关系代词 that 或 which，故填 that/which。 7. more manageable 考查形容词比较级。句意：把大任务分解成小步骤会让它们变得容易处理得多。make 后接宾语 + 形容词作宾补，manage 的形容词形式为 manageable，意为 “易处理的”，much 修饰形容词比较级，多音节形容词比较级在前面加 more，故填 more manageable。 8. keeps 考查动词的时态和主谓一致。句意：庆祝每一个微小的进步能让我们保持积极性。句子陈述客观事实，应用一般现在时；主语Celebrating every small progress 是动名词短语，视为单数，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式，故填 keeps。 9. failure 考查名词。句意：每一次失败都能给我们上一课。every 后接单数可数名词，fail 的名词形式为 failure，意为 “失败”，故填 failure。 10. that 考查宾语从句引导词。句意：当我们不断尝试时，我们会意识到自己已经变得更强大、更自信了。realize 后接宾语从句，从句结构完整、语义通顺，应用无实义的引导词 that，故填 that。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $