内容正文:
八升九英语暑假衔接预习课(新教材人教版)
第三讲 Unit 3 Smart Learning
◇Part 01 内 容 汇 总
范围
内容
单元基础知识预习
重点单词、短语、重点语法、单元话题与写作
单元教材知识讲解
Section A部分语篇预习、Section A部分教材词句重难点解析
Section B部分语篇预习、Section B部分教材词句重难点解析
单元重点语法知识解析。
基础知识过关练
选择题、填空题、完成句子
能力拓展提升练
完形填空、阅读理解、书面表达
◇Part 02 基础知识预习
重点
单词(加粗的为课标要求重点单词)
learner n. 学习者
flashcard n. (用于学习的)卡片;抽认卡
project n. 计划;项目
website n. 网站
hands-on adj. 动手的;实际操作的
experiment n. 实验;试验
dictionary n. 词典;字典
aloud adv. 出声地;大声地
dialogue n. 对话;对白
suit v. 适合;有利于 n. 套装
general adj. 总的;大体的
speed n. 速度 v. 加速;促进
grammar n. 语法
podcast n. 播客
zero num. 零;最低程度
actively adv. 积极地
enjoyable adj. 有乐趣的;使人快乐的
strategy n. 策略
correct adj. 正确的;恰当的
suggest v. 建议;提议
method n. 方法
summarize v. 总结;概括
growth n. 成长;增加
mindset n. 观念模式
material n. 材料
guidance n. 指导
feedback n. 反馈的意见
addition n. 添加;加法
resource n. 资源;资料
textbook n. 教科书;课本
advantage n. 优势;优点
efficiently adv. 效率高地
valley n. 山谷;溪谷
pronunciation n. 发音;读音
click v. (用鼠标或在触摸板上) 点击;(使)发出咔嗒声
magazine n. 杂志;期刊
shelf n. (墙壁、书橱等的)架子;搁板
schoolwork n. 学校作业
print n. 印刷品 v.打印
newspaper n. 报纸
e-book n. 电子书
recent adj. 最近的;最新的
重点短语
do research projects 做研究项目
do hands-on experiments 做动手实验
look up 查阅;检查
read aloud 大声朗读
in general 总的来说;通常
come across (偶然)遇见;发现
step by step 逐步地;循序渐进地
build up 增加;加强;创建
make learning enjoyable 让学习变得愉快
develop your own strategies 制定自己的学习策略
learning method 学习方法
put off 推迟;拖延
a growth mindset 成长型思维
practice makes perfect 熟能生巧
get guidance获得指导
learn wisely and efficiently 明智高效地学习
in part 在某种程度上;部分地
in addition 另外;此外
take advantage of 利用
open up 打开;开放
重点语法
that、if、whether引导的宾语从句
单元话题与写作
本单元的话题为“智慧学习”。
本单元的写作任务主要围绕着“介绍智慧学习方法,分享学习经验,谈论学习体会及针对他人学习中遇到的困难给出合理的建议”。
◇Part 03 教材 知 识 讲 解
一、Section A部分语篇预习:
语篇Section A 3a
Ella: Hi, this is Ella's podcast. Today's guest is Binbin. He's going to give us some ideas for learning English.
Binbin: Hi, Ella. Thanks for having me! For learning English, I think first you need to become an active learner.
Ella: What do you mean by that?
Binbin: Well, because I want to speak English well, I practise English all the time.
Ella: Oh, you must spend a lot of time studying!
Binbin: Well, it doesn't mean you have to study all the time.You need to spend time using the language.For example,I speak English with friends. I repeat the dialogues from the films I like. I read English books, and sometimes I write my diary in English.
Ella: Wow! I guess you really enjoy learning.
Binbin: Yes, it's true! But you see, I started out at zero and came across problems. I mean you just have to take things step by step. Start simple and build up.
Ella: That's so true.
翻译
埃拉:大家好,这里是埃拉的播客。今天的嘉宾是彬彬,他将为我们分享学习英语的方法。
彬彬:埃拉你好,谢谢邀请!我认为学英语首先要做主动学习者。
埃拉:你是什么意思?
彬彬:因为我想说好英语,所以我一直练习英语。
埃拉:哦,你肯定花了很多时间学习!
彬彬:这并不意味着要一直埋头学,而是要花时间运用这门语言。比如,我和朋友用英语交流,模仿喜欢的电影里的对话,读英语书,有时还用英语写日记。
埃拉:哇!我猜你真的很享受学习。
彬彬:没错!但你知道,我也是从零开始,也遇到过困难。我的意思是,要一步一步来,从简单的开始,循序渐进。
埃拉:太对了。
二、Section A部分教材词句重难点解析:
1. By doing hands-on experiments, Peter finds that he can connect physics with something in real life. 通过动手实验,彼得发现他可以将物理学与现实生活中的某些事物联系起来。
(1)experiment
【用法讲解】
①作可数名词,意为“实验;试验”。
②作动词,意为“做实验;尝试”。
【词形变化】
experimental adj. 实验的;试验性的(由“experiment + 形容词后缀-al”构成。)
【常用结构】
①do an experiment 做实验
例句:The students will do an experiment in the lab tomorrow. (学生们明天要在实验室做实验。)
【常见短语】
science experiment 科学实验
即讲即练
一、用所给单词的适当形式填空
1. The scientists are doing a lot of ______ (experiment) to test the new medicine.
【答案】experiments
【详解】句意:科学家们正在做大量实验来测试这种新药。本题考查名词的数。experiment作“实验”讲时是可数名词,a lot of后接可数名词复数形式,故填experiments。
二、单项选择题
1. We will ______ on how plants grow in the science class tomorrow.
A. do an experiment B. have a rest C. take a break D. make a mistake
【答案】A
【详解】句意:明天科学课上我们将做一个关于植物如何生长的实验。本题考查固定短语。do an experiment是固定搭配,意为“做实验”,符合科学课的语境;have a rest和take a break意为“休息”,make a mistake意为“犯错”,均不符合句意,故选A。
2. look up words in a dictionary 在字典里查单词
(1)look up
【用法讲解】
①意为“查阅;查找”。
例句:If you don't know the word, look it up in the dictionary. (如果你不认识这个单词,就查一下词典。)
②还表示“向上看;抬头”。
例句:She looked up from her book when I came in. (我进来时,她从书本上抬起头来。)
【易错点】
look up属于“动词+副词”型短语,接代词作宾语时,代词必须放在look和up中间。
即讲即练
一、单项选择题
1. If you don't know the meaning of the word, you can ______ in the dictionary.
A. look it up B. look up it C. look for it D. look it for
【答案】A
【详解】句意:如果你不知道这个单词的意思,你可以查字典。本题考查动词短语辨析及代词位置。look up意为“查阅”,look for意为“寻找”;根据“查字典”的语境排除C、D;look up是“动词+副词”结构,代词作宾语时必须放在中间,故选A。
二、完成句子。
1. 你可以在网上查阅这条信息。
You can ______ ______ the information on the Internet.
【答案】look up
【详解】句意:你可以在网上查阅这条信息。本题考查动词短语。look up意为“查阅”,情态动词can后接动词原形,故填look up。
3. read aloud to practise speaking 大声朗读以练习口语
(1)aloud
【用法讲解】
作副词,意为“出声地;大声地”。
例句:Please read the text aloud in English class. (请在英语课上朗读课文。)
【易混词辨析】aloud、loud 与 loudly
①aloud意为“出声地”,侧重让人听见,常与read、call搭配。
例句:The teacher asked us to read the passage aloud. (老师让我们大声朗读这篇短文。)
②loud 可作形容词和副词,意为“大声的/地”,侧重音量大。
例句:Don't talk so loud. (别这么大声说话。)
③loudly 副词,意为“大声地;喧闹地”,常含嘈杂、吵闹的贬义。
例句:They are talking loudly in the hallway. (他们在走廊里大声喧哗。)
即讲即练
一、单项选择题
1. The teacher asked us to read the text ______ in English class.
A. aloud B. loud C. loudly D. louder
【答案】A
【详解】句意:老师让我们在英语课上朗读课文。本题考查副词辨析。aloud侧重“出声地”,常与read搭配,read aloud意为“朗读”,符合语境;loud作副词侧重音量大,loudly常含喧闹的贬义,louder是比较级,均不符合搭配,故选A。
二、用所给单词的适当形式填空
1. Please read the poem ______ (aloud) so that everyone can hear you.
【答案】aloud
【详解】句意:请大声朗读这首诗,这样每个人都能听到。本题考查副词用法。aloud作副词,意为“出声地;大声地”,read aloud是固定搭配,故填aloud。
三、完成句子
1. 每天大声朗读英语对你的口语有帮助。
______ English ______ every day is helpful for your spoken English.
【答案】Reading; aloud
【详解】句意:每天大声朗读英语对你的口语有帮助。本题考查动名词作主语及固定搭配。read aloud意为“大声朗读”,此处作主语需用动名词形式,句首首字母大写,故填Reading; aloud。
4. You should read books that suit your English level. 你应该阅读适合你英语水平的书籍。
(1)suit
【用法讲解】
①作可数名词,意为“套装;西服”。
例句:My father wears a suit to work every day. (我爸爸每天穿西装上班。)
②作动词,意为“适合;相配”。
例句:The blue dress suits you very well. (这条蓝色连衣裙很适合你。)
【词形变化】
suitable adj. 合适的;适宜的(由“suit + 形容词后缀-able”构成。)
【易混词辨析】suit 与 fit
①suit 动词,意为“适合”,侧重款式、颜色、风格或时间合适。
例句:This color of the coat suits you. (这件外套的颜色适合你。)
②fit 动词,意为“合身”,侧重尺寸、大小贴合身体。
例句:The shoes fit me well. (这双鞋我穿很合脚。)
即讲即练
一、单项选择题
1. The red dress ______ you very well. You look nice in it.
A. fits B. suits C. matches D. goes
【答案】B
【详解】句意:这条红色连衣裙很适合你,你穿起来很好看。本题考查动词辨析。suit侧重款式、颜色、风格合适,此处说裙子好看,是风格款式合适,用suits;fit侧重尺寸大小合身,match侧重搭配,go with才表示搭配,故选B。
二、用所给单词的适当形式填空
1. This movie is not ______ (suit) for children under 10.
【答案】suitable
【详解】句意:这部电影不适合10岁以下的儿童观看。本题考查词性转换。be动词后接形容词作表语,suit的形容词形式是suitable,be suitable for意为“适合……”,故填suitable。
5. Reading is important for learning in general. 阅读对于整体学习而言非常重要。
(1)general
【用法讲解】
①general作形容词,意为“总的;普遍的;一般的”。
例句:The general idea of the passage is easy to understand. (这篇文章的大意很容易理解。)
【词形变化】
generally adv. 通常;普遍地(由“general + 副词后缀-ly”构成。)
【常见短语】
general idea 大意
in general 总的来说(用于概括整体情况,常放在句首。)
例句:In general, girls are better at language learning than boys. (总的来说,女孩比男孩更擅长语言学习。)
即讲即练
一、单项选择题
1. ______, girls are better at memorizing words than boys in English learning.
A. In general B. In part C. In addition D. In time
【答案】A
【详解】句意:总的来说,在英语学习中女孩比男孩更擅长记单词。本题考查固定短语辨析。in general意为“总的来说”,用于概括整体情况,符合语境;in part意为“部分地”,in addition意为“此外”,in time意为“及时”,均不符合句意,故选A。
2. Can you tell me the ______ idea of this passage in one sentence?
A. general B. generally C. common D. usual
【答案】A
【详解】句意:你能用一句话告诉我这篇文章的大意吗?本题考查形容词作定语。general idea是固定短语,意为“大意”,general作形容词修饰名词idea,故选A。
二、用所给单词的适当形式填空
1. ______ (general) speaking, spring is the best season to visit this city.
【答案】Generally
【详解】句意:一般来说,春天是游览这座城市的最佳季节。本题考查固定短语。generally speaking是固定搭配,意为“一般来说”,句首首字母大写,故填Generally。
6. You will improve your reading speed if you read a lot. 如果你大量阅读,你的阅读速度就会提高。
(1)speed
【用法讲解】
①speed作可数/不可数名词,意为“速度;速率”。
例句:The car is driving at a high speed. (这辆汽车正在高速行驶。)
②speed作动词,意为“加速;快速前行”。
例句:The train sped through the countryside. (火车飞速驶过乡村。)
【常用结构】
①at a speed of 以……的速度
例句:The plane flies at a speed of 900 kilometers per hour. (飞机以每小时九百公里的速度飞行。)
【常见短语】
high speed 高速
low speed 低速
【易错点】
speed的过去式为sped或speeded。
即讲即练
一、单项选择题
1. The train is running ______ a high speed.
A. in B. at C. on D. with
【答案】B
【详解】句意:火车正高速行驶。本题考查固定搭配。at a high speed是固定短语,意为“高速地”,介词用at,故选B。
2. The car can ______ up quickly on the highway.
A. speed B. sped C. speeded D. speeding
【答案】A
【详解】句意:这辆汽车在高速公路上能很快加速。本题考查动词用法。情态动词can后接动词原形,speed作动词意为“加速”,speed up是固定短语“加速”,故选A。
二、用所给单词的适当形式填空
1. The plane flies at a ______ (speed) of 800 kilometers per hour.
【答案】speed
【详解】句意:飞机以每小时800公里的速度飞行。本题考查名词用法。at a speed of是固定结构,意为“以……的速度”,故填speed。
7. But you see, I started out at zero and came across problems. 但你看,我是从零开始,然后遇到了问题。
(1)come across
【用法讲解】
come across意为“偶然遇见;偶然发现”。
例句:I came across an old friend in the street yesterday. (我昨天在街上偶然遇见了一位老朋友。)
She came across a useful learning website last night. (她昨晚偶然发现了一个有用的学习网站。)
【易混短语辨析】come across 与 meet
①come across 意为“偶然遇见”,强调意外、不经意。
例句:I came across this old photo when I cleaned the box. (我清理盒子时偶然发现了这张旧照片。)
②meet 意为“遇见”,可指偶然见面,也可指约定好的会面。
例句:I will meet my teacher at the school gate. (我要在校门口见我的老师。)
【易错点】
come across无被动语态,后直接接宾语。
即讲即练
一、单项选择题
1. I ______ an old friend of mine in the supermarket yesterday.
A. came across B. came out C. came up D. came down
【答案】A
【详解】句意:我昨天在超市偶然遇见了我的一位老朋友。本题考查动词短语辨析。come across意为“偶然遇见;偶然发现”,符合语境;come out意为“出版;出现”,come up意为“走近;被提出”,come down意为“下降”,均不符合句意,故选A。
二、完成句子
1. 我在整理旧箱子时发现了一些老照片。
I ______ ______ some old photos when I sorted out the old box.
【答案】came across
【详解】句意:我在整理旧箱子时发现了一些老照片。本题考查动词短语及时态。come across意为“偶然发现”,根据sorted可知用一般过去时,come的过去式是came,故填came across。
8. I mean you just have to take things step by step. 我的意思是,你只需要一步步来。
(1)step by step
【用法讲解】
step by step是固定副词短语,意为“逐步地;一步一步地”,形容做事循序渐进。
例句:You can learn English well step by step. (你可以一步一步地把英语学好。)
【常见短语】
learn step by step 循序渐进地学习
【易错点】
step by step在句中作状语修饰动词,不能放在名词前作定语。
即讲即练
一、单项选择题
1. Don't be in a hurry. You can learn English ______.
A. step by step B. one by one C. day by day
【答案】A
【详解】句意:别着急,你可以循序渐进地学英语。本题考查固定短语辨析。step by step意为“逐步地;一步一步地”,强调循序渐进做事,符合学英语的语境;one by one意为“一个接一个”,day by day意为“一天天”,均不如step by step贴合“一步步来”的含义,故选A。
二、完成句子
1. 我们一步一步地完成了这个困难的项目。
We finished the difficult project ______ ______ ______.
【答案】step by step
【详解】句意:我们一步一步地完成了这个困难的项目。本题考查固定短语。step by step意为“逐步地;一步一步地”,在句中作状语,故填step by step。
9. Start simple and build up. 从简单开始,逐步积累。
(1)build up
【用法讲解】
①build up意为“逐步建立;增强”。
例句:Doing sports can help us build up our body. (做运动能帮助我们增强体质。)
②还可表示“积累;逐步发展”。
例句:He built up a large vocabulary by reading every day. (他通过每天阅读积累了大量词汇。)
【易错点】
build up属于“动词+副词”型短语,接代词作宾语时,代词要放在build和up中间。
即讲即练
一、单项选择题
1. Doing morning exercises every day can help you ______ your body.
A. build up B. set up C. put up D. get up
【答案】A
【详解】句意:每天做早操能帮助你增强体质。本题考查动词短语辨析。build up意为“增强;逐步建立”,build up one's body是固定搭配,意为“增强体质”;set up意为“建立”,put up意为“张贴;举起”,get up意为“起床”,均不符合句意,故选A。
2. He ______ a large vocabulary by reading English novels.
A. built up B. made up C. took up D. turned up
【答案】A
【详解】句意:他通过读英文小说积累了大量词汇。本题考查动词短语辨析。build up有“积累;逐步发展”的含义,build up vocabulary意为“积累词汇”,符合语境;make up意为“编造;组成”,take up意为“开始从事;占据”,turn up意为“调大;出现”,均不符合,故选A。
二、完成句子
1. 多做运动可以增强你的免疫力。
Doing more sports can ______ ______ your immunity.
【答案】build up
【详解】句意:多做运动可以增强你的免疫力。本题考查动词短语。build up意为“增强”,情态动词can后接动词原形,故填build up。
10. For learning English, I think first you need to become an active learner. 对于学习英语,我认为首先你需要成为一个主动的学习者。
(1)actively
【用法讲解】
active作形容词词,意为“积极的;活跃的”。
【常用结构】
①take an active part in 积极参加
例句:She takes an active part in all kinds of school activities. (她积极参加各类学校活动。)
【词形变化】
actively adv. 积极地;活跃地(active加后缀-ly)
activity n. 活动(由“active + 名词后缀-ity”构成。)
即讲即练
一、单项选择题
1. We should take part in after-school activities ______.
A. active B. actively C. activity D. act
【答案】B
【详解】句意:我们应该积极参加课外活动。本题考查副词用法。修饰动词短语take part in需用副词,actively是副词,意为“积极地”,故选B。
2. She is an ______ girl and always takes part in all kinds of activities.
A. active B. actively C. activity D. act
【答案】A
【详解】句意:她是一个活跃的女孩,总是参加各种各样的活动。本题考查形容词作定语。修饰名词girl需用形容词,active是形容词,意为“积极的;活跃的”,故选A。
二、用所给单词的适当形式填空
1. The students are having all kinds of after-school ______ (active).
【答案】activities
【详解】句意:学生们正在开展各种各样的课外活动。本题考查词性转换及名词的数。all kinds of后接可数名词复数,active的名词形式是activity,复数为activities,意为“活动”,故填activities。
11. Make learning enjoyable.让学习变得有趣。
(1)enjoyable
【用法讲解】
enjoyable作形容词,意为“令人愉快的;有乐趣的”。
例句:We had an enjoyable trip to the countryside last weekend. (上周末我们去乡下的旅行非常愉快。)
【词形变化】
enjoy v. 享受;喜欢(词根)
即讲即练
一、单项选择题
1. We had an ______ trip to the countryside last weekend.
A. enjoy B. enjoyable C. enjoying D. enjoyment
【答案】B
【详解】句意:上周末我们去乡下的旅行非常愉快。本题考查形容词作定语。修饰名词trip需用形容词,enjoyable是形容词,意为“令人愉快的;有乐趣的”,故选B。
二、用所给单词的适当形式填空
1. I hope you will have an ______ (enjoy) weekend.
【答案】enjoyable
【详解】句意:我希望你有一个愉快的周末。本题考查词性转换。修饰名词weekend需用形容词,enjoy的形容词形式是enjoyable,意为“令人愉快的”,故填enjoyable。
12. Could you tell me whether/if this sentence is correct in English?你能告诉我这个句子在英语中是否正确吗?
(1)correct
【用法讲解】
①作形容词,意为“正确的;恰当的”。
例句:Please tell me the correct answer to the question. (请告诉我这道题的正确答案。)
②作动词,意为“纠正;改正”。
例句:The teacher helps us correct our pronunciation in class. (老师课上帮我们纠正发音。)
【词形变化】
correctly adv. 正确地(由“correct + 副词后缀-ly”构成。)
correction n. 改正;纠正(由“correct + 名词后缀-ion”构成。)
incorrect adj. 不正确的(由“correct + 否定前缀-in”构成。)
即讲即练
一、用所给单词的适当形式填空
1. Can you pronounce this word ______ (correct)?
【答案】correctly
【详解】句意:你能正确地读出这个单词的发音吗?本题考查副词用法。修饰动词pronounce需用副词,correct的副词形式是correctly,意为“正确地”,故填correctly。
2. The ______ (correct) of your homework took the teacher a lot of time.
【答案】correction
【详解】句意:批改你的作业花了老师很多时间。本题考查词性转换。定冠词the后接名词作主语,correct的名词形式是correction,意为“改正;批改”,故填correction。
二、单项选择题
1. Please choose the ______ answer to the question.
A. correct B. correctly C. correction D. incorrect
【答案】A
【详解】句意:请选择这个问题的正确答案。本题考查形容词作定语。修饰名词answer需用形容词,correct意为“正确的”,符合语境;incorrect意为“不正确的”,不符合句意,故选A。
13. Cathy often puts off working on her project to the last day. 凯茜经常把她的项目工作拖到最后一刻才做。
(1)put off
【用法讲解】
put off意为“推迟;拖延”,后接名词、代词或动名词作宾语。
例句:We have to put off the sports meeting because of the bad weather. (因为天气不好,我们不得不推迟运动会。)
【常用结构】
①put off doing sth. 推迟做某事
例句:Don't put off finishing your homework till tomorrow. (不要把完成作业拖到明天。)
【易错点】
put off属于“动词+副词”型短语,接代词作宾语时,代词要放在put和off中间,如put it off;后接动词时要用动名词形式,不能接不定式。
即讲即练
一、单项选择题
1. We have to ______ the sports meeting because of the heavy rain.
A. put off B. put up C. put on D. put out
【答案】A
【详解】句意:因为大雨,我们不得不推迟运动会。本题考查动词短语辨析。put off意为“推迟;拖延”,符合大雨推迟运动会的语境;put up意为“张贴;举起”,put on意为“穿上;上演”,put out意为“熄灭”,均不符合句意,故选A。
2. Don't put off ______ your homework till tomorrow.
A. finish B. to finish C. finishing D. finished
【答案】C
【详解】句意:不要把完成作业拖到明天。本题考查非谓语动词。put off doing sth.是固定结构,意为“推迟做某事”,off是介词,后接动名词作宾语,故选C。
14. Then discuss whether you would like to try the learning method suggested. 然后讨论一下你是否愿意尝试所建议的学习方法。
(1)method
【用法讲解】
method作可数名词,意为“方法;办法”。
例句:Mr. Li has a good teaching method. (李老师有一套很好的教学方法。)
【易混词辨析】method、way 与 means
①method 名词,意为“方法”。
例句:We can use different methods to solve the math problem. (我们可以用不同的方法解这道数学题。)
②way 名词,意为“方式;方法”,最常用,口语化,可指任何方式。
例句:There are many ways to learn English well. (学好英语有很多种方法。)
③means 名词,意为“手段;方式”,侧重达成目的的手段,单复数同形。
例句:We can communicate by means of email. (我们可以通过电子邮件交流。)
(2)suggest
【用法讲解】
suggest作动词,意为“建议;提议”,指提出想法供他人参考。
例句:I suggest we go to the library this afternoon. (我建议我们今天下午去图书馆。)
【词形变化】
suggestion n. 建议;提议(由“suggest + 名词后缀-ion”构成。)
【常用结构】
①suggest doing sth. 建议做某事
例句:She suggested going for a walk after dinner. (她建议晚饭后去散散步。)
【易错点】
suggest后接动词要用动名词形式,不能接不定式to do。
即讲即练
一、单项选择题
1. Mr. Wang has a good teaching ______ to make his class lively.
A. method B. way C. means D. road
【答案】A
【详解】句意:王老师有一套很好的教学方法让他的课堂生动有趣。本题考查名词辨析。method指系统的、有条理的方法,teaching method是固定搭配“教学方法”;way最口语化,means侧重手段,road是道路,故选A。
2. I suggest ______ a walk after dinner to relax ourselves.
A. take B. to take C. taking D. took
【答案】C
【详解】句意:我建议晚饭后散散步放松一下。本题考查非谓语动词。suggest doing sth.是固定结构,意为“建议做某事”,suggest后接动名词作宾语,不能接不定式,故选C。
二、用所给单词的适当形式填空
1. We can use different ______ (method) to solve this math problem.
【答案】methods
【详解】句意:我们可以用不同的方法解决这道数学题。本题考查名词的数。different后接可数名词复数,method的复数是methods,故填methods。
2. He gave me many useful ______ (suggest) on how to learn English well.
【答案】suggestions
【详解】句意:他给了我很多关于如何学好英语的有用建议。本题考查词性转换及名词的数。many后接可数名词复数,suggest的名词形式是suggestion,复数为suggestions,故填suggestions。
三、Section B部分语篇预习:
语篇Section B, 1b
How to Become a Successful Learner
Everyone has the ability to learn. Experts on the science of learning will tell you that anyone can become a successful learner. However, many students do not realize this, and they have trouble learning.
Studies show that the first key to becoming a successful learner is to have a growth mindset. This means, in part, believing in yourself. It also means setting goals, taking action, and meeting challenges. People with a growth mindset see mistakes as chances for learning, as they teach us how to improve.
Research also shows that practice is important for learning. The more we practise, the better we learn. We learn best by practising new and difficult things. Sometimes it is also important to get guidance from a teacher or a coach. They can show us the right way to practise and give us important feedback and advice.
In addition, studies show that students learn more when they hang out with other students who are serious about study. First, by being together, students can easily learn from each other. Second, students are challenged to do better by each other. This has been proven to encourage learner growth.
Successful learners also use the best learning materials they can find. In the 21st century, this means using new technology and resources, not just textbooks. Since there are so many learning materials on the internet, it is important to think carefully and choose wisely what and how you study. Take advantage of the best tools and resources to learn wisely and efficiently.
Finally, successful learners see learning as part of daily life. It is something they will do even after they leave school, even when they are old. As you continue on your learning journey, you should try to walk at your own speed and enjoy the trip. Never lose heart. The road ahead of you may be long and may have many mountains and valleys, but it also has great treasure. You will find more joy in living a life with learning!
翻译
如何成为成功的学习者
每个人都有学习的能力。学习科学专家会告诉你,任何人都能成为成功的学习者。然而很多学生没有意识到这一点,在学习中遇到困难。
研究表明,成为成功学习者的首要关键是拥有成长型心态。这在一定程度上意味着相信自己,也意味着设定目标、付诸行动、迎接挑战。拥有成长型心态的人把错误当作学习的机会,因为错误能教会我们如何进步。
研究还表明,练习对学习很重要。练习得越多,学得越好。练习新的、有难度的内容效果最佳。有时接受老师或教练的指导也很重要,他们能教给我们正确的练习方法,给出重要的反馈和建议。
此外,研究显示,和认真学习的同学在一起,学生能学到更多。首先,在一起时同学们很容易互相学习;其次,同学们会互相激励,追求更好。这已被证实能促进学习者成长。
成功的学习者还会善用能找到的最佳学习资料。在21世纪,这意味着使用新技术和新资源,而不只是课本。网上的学习资料繁多,因此要认真思考,明智选择学习内容和方式。利用最好的工具和资源,智慧高效地学习。
最后,成功的学习者把学习当作日常生活的一部分,即使毕业、变老也会坚持学习。在学习的旅程中,你应该按照自己的节奏前行,享受过程。不要灰心,前方的路或许漫长,布满坎坷,但也藏着巨大的宝藏。在充满学习的生活中,你会收获更多快乐!
语篇Section B, 3a
My love of books comes from my mother. Books are her classroom and teacher, and through books she has become the wise and smart person I know.
Because of my mother's love of reading, our home is full of books on different subjects. When I was a child, my mother sat me on her knee, told me stories, and taught me how to read. Soon, I was reading by myself, and I found children's books no longer kept me interested. So I started reading my books and magazines-especially popular science books and books about the lives of famous people. After dinner, I would just pick out a book from the shelf to read in my room. Reading opened up new worlds and allowed me to discover new things for myself. I think that reading is great fun.
Now that I am older, I can always find time to read in the school library. I believe that reading has helped me a lot with my schoolwork and made me more confident about my future.
Chen Lei, age 15
翻译
我对书籍的热爱源于妈妈。书是她的课堂和老师,通过读书,她成为了我所认识的聪慧睿智的人。
因为妈妈热爱阅读,我们家摆满了各类书籍。小时候,妈妈让我坐在她膝上,给我讲故事,教我认字读书。很快我就能自己阅读了,儿童读物已经无法吸引我。于是我开始读大人的书和杂志,尤其是科普书和名人传记。晚饭后,我总会从书架上选一本书,在房间里阅读。阅读为我打开了新世界的大门,让我亲自探索新事物。我觉得阅读充满乐趣。
现在我长大了,总能在学校图书馆挤出时间阅读。我相信阅读对我的学业帮助很大,也让我对未来更有信心。
15岁 陈雷
四、Section B部分教材词句重难点解析:
1. Studies show that the first key to becoming a successful learner is to have a growth mindset. 研究表明,成为成功学习者的首要关键在于拥有成长型思维。
(1)growth
【用法讲解】
growth作不可数名词,意为“成长;增长”。
例句:Enough sleep is good for the growth of children. (充足的睡眠对孩子的成长有益。)
There is a fast growth of online learning in recent years. (近年来在线学习增长迅速。)
【词形变化】
grow v. 生长;成长(growth由“grow + 名词后缀-th”构成。)
【常见短语】
personal growth 个人成长
economic growth 经济增长
即讲即练
一、单项选择题
1. Enough sleep is good for the ______ of children.
A. grow B. growth C. growing D. grew
【答案】B
【详解】句意:充足的睡眠对孩子的成长有益。本题考查名词用法。定冠词the后接名词,growth是不可数名词,意为“成长;增长”,故选B。
二、用所给单词的适当形式填空
1. Plants ______ (growth) fast in spring.
【答案】grow
【详解】句意:植物在春天生长得很快。本题考查词性转换。句子缺少谓语动词,growth的动词形式是grow,意为“生长;成长”,主语是复数,一般现在时用动词原形,故填grow。
2. This means, in part, believing in yourself. 这在一定程度上意味着要相信自己。
(1)in part
【用法讲解】
in part是固定介词短语,意为“部分地;在某种程度上”。
例句:His progress is in part because of the teacher's help. (他的进步在某种程度上得益于老师的帮助。)
【易混短语辨析】in part 与 in general
①in part 意为“部分地”,侧重描述局部、部分的情况。
例句:I agree with your idea in part. (我在一定程度上同意你的想法。)
②in general 意为“总的来说”,侧重概括整体的情况。
例句:In general, this movie is suitable for students. (总的来说,这部电影适合学生观看。)
即讲即练
一、单项选择题
1. His success is ______ because of his hard work.
A. in general B. in part C. in addition D. in time
【答案】B
【详解】句意:他的成功在某种程度上是因为他的努力。本题考查介词短语辨析。in part意为“部分地;在某种程度上”,符合语境;in general意为“总的来说”,in addition意为“此外”,in time意为“及时”,均不符合句意,故选B。
二、完成句子
1. 这次失败在一定程度上是因为准备不足。
The failure was ______ ______ due to lack of preparation.
【答案】in part
【详解】句意:这次失败在一定程度上是因为准备不足。本题考查固定短语。in part意为“部分地;在某种程度上”,故填in part。
3. Sometimes it is also important to get guidance from a teacher or a coach. 有时,从老师或教练那里获得指导也很重要。
(1)guidance
【用法讲解】
guidance作不可数名词,意为“指导;引导”。
例句:With our teacher's guidance, we finished the project successfully. (在老师的指导下,我们顺利完成了课题。)
【词形变化】
guide v. 指导;引导 n. 导游(guidance由“guide + 名词后缀-ance”构成。)
【常见短语】
study guidance 学习指导
即讲即练
一、单项选择题
1. With the teacher's ______, we finished the project successfully.
A. guide B. guidance C. guided D. guiding
【答案】B
【详解】句意:在老师的指导下,我们成功完成了这个项目。本题考查名词用法。名词所有格teacher's后接名词,guidance是不可数名词,意为“指导;引导”,with one's guidance是固定搭配“在某人的指导下”,故选B。
二、完成句子
1. 在学习指导的帮助下,我的英语进步很大。
With the help of ______ ______, I have made great progress in English.
【答案】study guidance
【详解】句意:在学习指导的帮助下,我的英语进步很大。本题考查名词短语。study guidance意为“学习指导”,故填study guidance。
4. In addition, studies show that students learn more when they hang out with other students who are serious about study. 此外,研究表明,当学生与那些认真对待学习的学生相处时,他们会学到更多。
(1)addition
【用法讲解】
addition作名词,意为“增加;添加物”,也可表示数学中的“加法”。
例句:The new lab is a wonderful addition to our school. (新实验室是我们学校一项很棒的新增设施。)
We learn addition and subtraction in primary school. (我们在小学学习加减法。)
【词形变化】
add v. 添加;增加(词根,addition由“add + 名词后缀-ition”构成。)
additional adj. 额外的;附加的(由“addition + 形容词后缀-al”构成。)
【常见短语】
in addition 此外;另外
in addition to 除……之外(还有)
【易混短语辨析】in addition 与 in addition to
①in addition 意为“此外”,单独作状语,放在句首或句中,后不接名词。
例句:The dictionary is useful. In addition, it's not expensive. (这本词典很有用,而且也不贵。)
②in addition to 意为“除……之外”,to是介词,后接名词、代词或动名词。
例句:In addition to English, we also learn history. (除了英语,我们还学历史。)
即讲即练
一、单项选择题
1. ______, learning English well can help us know more about foreign cultures.
A. In addition B. In addition to C. In part D. In general
【答案】A
【详解】句意:此外,学好英语能帮助我们更多地了解外国文化。本题考查短语辨析。in addition意为“此外”,单独作状语,后不接名词;in addition to后需接宾语,故选A。
2. ______ English, we also learn math and Chinese at school.
A. In addition B. In addition to C. Except D. Beside
【答案】B
【详解】句意:除了英语,我们在学校还学数学和语文。本题考查短语辨析。in addition to意为“除……之外(还有)”,to是介词,后接名词作宾语,符合语境,故选B。
二、完成句子
1. 此外,我们还需要准备一些材料。
______ ______, we need to prepare some materials.
【答案】In addition
【详解】句意:此外,我们还需要准备一些材料。本题考查固定短语。in addition意为“此外;另外”,句首首字母大写,故填In addition。
5. Take advantage of the best tools and resources to learn wisely and efficiently. 利用最好的工具和资源,明智且高效地学习。
(1)advantage
【用法讲解】
advantage作可数名词,意为“优势;有利条件”。
例句:Learning English well has many advantages for us. (学好英语对我们有很多好处。)
【词形变化】
disadvantage n. 劣势;不利条件(由“advantage + 否定前缀-dis”构成。)
advantageous adj. 有利的(由“advantage + 形容词后缀-ous”构成。)
【常用结构】
①have an advantage over 比……有优势
例句:She has an advantage over other students in reading. (她在阅读方面比其他学生有优势。)
②take advantage of 利用
例句:We should take advantage of the holiday to read more books. (我们应该利用假期多读书。)
【易混词辨析】advantage 与 benefit
①advantage 名词,意为“优势”,侧重相比之下的有利条件、自身长处。
例句:The main advantage of riding bikes is that it's green. (骑自行车的主要优势是环保。)
②benefit 名词,意为“好处;益处”,侧重事物带来的实际利益、好处。
例句:Doing sports has lots of benefits for our health. (做运动对我们的健康有很多益处。)
(2)efficiently
【用法讲解】
efficiently作副词,意为“高效地;有效率地”。
例句:We should learn to use our time efficiently. (我们应该学会高效利用时间。)
【词形变化】
efficient adj. 高效的(efficiently去掉副词后缀-ly)
efficiency n. 效率(由“efficient + 名词后缀-ency”构成。)
【易混词辨析】efficiently 与 effectively
①efficiently 副词,意为“高效地”,侧重做事省时、省力,强调效率。
例句:He finished all his homework efficiently in an hour. (他用一小时就高效完成了所有作业。)
②effectively 副词,意为“有效地”,侧重做事有效果、能达到预期目的。
例句:This way can help us remember words effectively. (这个方法能帮我们有效地记单词。)
即讲即练
一、单项选择题
1. Learning English well has many ______ for us.
A. advantages B. disadvantages C. benefits D. good
【答案】A
【详解】句意:学好英语对我们有很多好处。本题考查名词辨析。advantage侧重“优势;有利条件”,have many advantages意为“有很多优势/好处”,符合语境;disadvantage是劣势,benefit侧重益处,此处has many advantages更常用,故选A。
2. We should ______ the good chance to improve ourselves.
A. take advantage of B. take care of C. take part in D. take place of
【答案】A
【详解】句意:我们应该利用好这个机会提升自己。本题考查固定短语。take advantage of意为“利用”,符合语境;take care of意为“照顾”,take part in意为“参加”,take place of是错误表达,故选A。
3. We should use our time ______ to study better.
A. efficient B. efficiently C. efficiency D. effective
【答案】B
【详解】句意:我们应该高效利用时间来更好地学习。本题考查副词用法。修饰动词use需用副词,efficiently是副词,意为“高效地”,故选B。
6. This app provides guidance on pronunciation for any words you click on. 这个应用程序会为你点击的任何单词提供发音指导。
(1)click
【用法讲解】
①click作动词,意为“点击”。
例句:Click on the icon to open the file. (点击图标打开文件。)
②click作动词,还有“发出咔嗒声”的意思。
例句:The key clicked when he pressed it. (他按键的时候发出了咔嗒声。)
③click作可数名词,意为“点击;咔嗒声”。
例句:With a click of the mouse, you can get lots of information. (轻点鼠标,你就能获取很多信息。)
【常见短语】
click on 点击
mouse click 鼠标点击
即讲即练
一、单项选择题
1. You can ______ on the icon to open the file.
A. click B. push C. press D. knock
【答案】A
【详解】句意:你可以点击图标打开文件。本题考查动词辨析。click意为“点击”,click on是固定短语“点击”,用于电脑操作语境,故选A。
二、完成句子
1. 请点击这个链接查看更多信息。
Please ______ ______ this link to see more information.
【答案】click on
【详解】句意:请点击这个链接查看更多信息。本题考查固定短语。click on意为“点击”,祈使句用动词原形,故填click on。
7. Reading opened up new worlds and allowed me to discover new things for myself. 阅读为我打开了新世界的大门,让我能够自己发现新事物。
(1)open up
①open up意为“打开;开辟”。
例句:The workers opened up a new road through the mountain. (工人们开辟了一条穿山的新路。)
②还有“开阔;拓展”的意思,如开阔眼界。
例句:Reading can open up our eyes to the outside world. (阅读能开阔我们的眼界,了解外面的世界。)
【易混短语辨析】open up 与 open
①open up 意为“打开;开拓”,侧重打开原本封闭的事物,或用于抽象含义的拓展。
例句:Traveling opens up our mind. (旅行能开阔我们的思维。)
②open 意为“打开”,普通用词,指开门、开窗、翻书等具体动作。
例句:Please open the window to let fresh air in. (请打开窗户,让新鲜空气进来。)
【易错点】
open up属于“动词+副词”型短语,接代词作宾语时,代词要放在open和up中间。
即讲即练
一、单项选择题
1. Reading can ______ our eyes to the outside world.
A. open up B. open C. turn up D. put up
【答案】A
【详解】句意:阅读能开阔我们的眼界,了解外面的世界。本题考查动词短语辨析。open up有“开阔;拓展”的抽象含义,open up one's eyes意为“开阔眼界”,是固定搭配;open是具体的打开,turn up调大,put up张贴,故选A。
二、完成句子
1. 好书能为我们打开新世界的大门。
Good books can ______ ______ new worlds for us.
【答案】open up
【详解】句意:好书能为我们打开新世界的大门。本题考查动词短语。open up意为“打开;开辟”,情态动词can后接动词原形,故填open up。
8. Print books. 纸质书。
(1)print
【用法讲解】
①print作动词,意为“打印;印刷”。
例句:Please print this article for me. (请帮我打印这篇文章。)
②print作不可数名词,意为“印刷字体;印刷品”。
例句:The print in this book is too small for old people. (这本书的字体对老人来说太小了。)
【词形变化】
printer n. 打印机;印刷工(由“print + 名词后缀-er”构成。)
printing n. 印刷(术)(由“print + 名词后缀-ing”构成。)
【常见短语】
print out 打印出来
即讲即练
一、单项选择题
1. Please ______ this document for me. I need a paper copy.
A. print B. write C. read D. copy
【答案】A
【详解】句意:请帮我打印这份文件,我需要纸质版。本题考查动词辨析。print意为“打印;印刷”,根据“纸质版”可知是打印,故选A。
二、用所给单词的适当形式填空
1. We need a new ______ (print) in the office. The old one doesn't work.
【答案】printer
【详解】句意:我们办公室需要一台新打印机,旧的坏了。本题考查词性转换。根据句意可知是打印机,printer意为“打印机”,前面有a,用单数,故填printer。
9. What was the most recent book you read? 你最近读的书是什么?
(1)recent
【用法讲解】
recent作形容词,意为“最近的;近来的”。
例句:I have read some recent news about pandas. (我读了一些最近关于熊猫的新闻。)
【词形变化】
recently adv. 最近;近来(由“recent + 副词后缀-ly”构成。)
【常见短语】
in recent years 最近几年
recent days 最近几天
即讲即练
一、单项选择题
1. What is the ______ news about the accident?
A. recent B. recently C. late D. later
【答案】A
【详解】句意:关于这起事故的最新消息是什么?本题考查形容词作定语。修饰名词news需用形容词,recent意为“最近的;近来的”,the recent news意为“最近的消息”,故选A。
二、用所给单词的适当形式填空
1. ______ (recent), there have been many changes in our city.
【答案】Recently
【详解】句意:最近,我们城市发生了很多变化。本题考查副词用法。修饰整个句子用副词,recent的副词形式是recently,句首首字母大写,故填Recently。
五、单元重点语法知识解析:
that、if、whether引导的宾语从句
一、宾语从句的概念。
在主从复合句中,宾语是由一个完整的句子充当,这个充当宾语成分的句子,就叫做宾语从句。
例:I think that he is right. 我认为他是对的。(that he is right是一个句子,充当think的宾语)
I wonder if / whether he is single. 我想知道他是否单身。(if / whether he is single是一个句子,充当wonder的宾语)
【注意】能接宾语的有及物动词和介词,在少数形容词后也可以接宾语从句。
例:She always thinks of how she can help those handicapped children to go to school.她总是想如何能帮助残疾儿童上学。
I’m glad (that) you can stay.我很高兴你能留下来。
I'm afraid that you can't catch the train.我恐怕你赶不上火车了。
二、宾语从句的时态。
时
态
主句为一般现在时态时,从句的时态可以根据实际情况而定。
I think (that) he is tall.(我认为他高。——主现从现)
I think (that) he was ill yesterday.(我认为他昨天病了。——主现从过)
I think (that) he will come.(我认为他会来。——主现从将)
主句为一般过去时态时,从句应用相应的过去时态(一般过去时、过去进行时)
He told me that he would take part in the high jump.他告诉我他将会参加跳高比赛。
I wanted to know if / whether he was married.(我当时想知道他是否结婚。——主过从过)
当宾语从句表示的是一个客观事实或真理时,即使主句是过去时,从句也用一般现在时态。
My father told me the sun rises in the east.爸爸告诉我太阳从东方升起。
He told me (that) the earth goes around the sun.(他告诉我地球绕日转。——主过从现)
三、宾语从句的语序。
宾语从句总是用陈述语序。
例如:I wonder if/whether he works hard.我想知道他是否工作努力。
I wonder if he is a driver.我想知道他是不是司机。
四、由whether、if、that引导的宾语从句。
(1)在that引导的宾语从句中,that无实际意义,在从句中也不充当任何成分,只引出一个直陈事实。
(2)在if / whether引导的宾语从句中,if / whether意为“是否”,在从句中也不充当任何成分,用来引出一个有选择性的句子。
例1:She found (that) the room was empty.(她发现房间是空的。)
该宾语从句“the room was empty.”是表达一个事实,that的作用只是引导和连接,that不给宾语从句添加任何含义,在从句中不充当成分。
例2:She asked if / whether I liked it.(她问我是否喜欢。)
该宾语从句“if / whether I liked it”是表达一个可选择的,不确定的有两种可能的事情,if/whether的作用有两个,一个是引导和连接,一个是给从句增加一个“是否,是不是”的含义,在从句中也不充当成分。
【注意】if 和whether在引导宾语从句中的区别
if和whether都是给从句添加“是否”的含义,一般情况下,可互换,但在以下几种情况下,只能用whether,不能用if:
①在动词不定式前只能用whether。
例如:I can't decide whether to go.我决定不了去不去。
②后有or not 时只能用whether。
例如:I don't care whether he comes or not. 我不在乎他来不来。
③在介词后,只能用whether。
例如:His father is worried about whether he will lose his work.他父亲担心他会失去工作。
④宾语从句放在句首表示强调时,只能用whether。
例如:Whether this is true, I can’t say.这是否属实,我说不上来。
⑤在doubt的否定句(如don't doubt)中,宾语从句用that引导,因为“不怀疑”表示确信,与if/whether表示的“是否(疑虑)”意义矛盾。doubt的肯定句可以用if/whether引导。
例:I doubt if he’ll listen to advice from me, but I’ll give it a go.我怀疑他是不是会听我劝,不过我想试试看。
I do not doubt that the bank acted properly.我毫不怀疑银行的处理方式是妥当的
五、that的省略情况:
that在引导宾语从句时,通常可省略,但在以下几种情况下,that不能省略。
①and连接并列的两个that引导的宾语从句,第一个从句的连词that可省,但第二个从句的连词that一般不可以省略。如:
He told me (that) they could not decide what to do and that they asked my advice.他告诉我他们决定不了去做什么并且问了我的意见。
②that引导的宾语从句作介词宾语时,that不能省略。
如:I know nothing about him except that he is from the south.对他我一无所知,只知道他是南方人。
六、宾语从句否定转移。
当主句的主语为第一人称,谓语动词是think, believe, guess, suppose 等时,要将宾语从句的否定词转移到主句中,即主句的谓语动词用否定形式,而宾语从句的谓语动词用肯定形式。
例句:I don't believe (that) he is lazy.(我相信他不懒)
I don't suppose (that) she will come.(我猜她不会来)
即讲即练
一、单项选择题。
1. Could you tell me ______?
A. where does he live B. where he lives C. where he live D. where did he live
【答案】B
【详解】句意:你能告诉我他住在哪里吗?本题考查宾语从句的语序。宾语从句必须用陈述语序,排除A、D疑问语序;从句主语he是第三人称单数,一般现在时谓语动词用lives,故选B。
2. I don't know ______ he will come tomorrow.
A. if B. that C. what D. where
【答案】A
【详解】句意:我不知道他明天是否会来。本题考查宾语从句的概念及引导词。此处从句作know的宾语,是宾语从句;根据句意“是否”,用if引导,故选A。
3. Our teacher told us that the earth ______ around the sun.
A. goes B. went C. will go D. go
【答案】A
【详解】句意:老师告诉我们地球绕着太阳转。本题考查宾语从句的时态。当从句表达客观真理或事实时,即使主句是过去时,从句也用一般现在时;“地球绕日转”是客观真理,用一般现在时,主语the earth是单数,谓语用goes,故选A。
4. I think that he ______ back in three days.
A. comes B. came C. will come D. come
【答案】C
【详解】句意:我认为他三天后会回来。本题考查宾语从句的时态。主句是一般现在时think,从句时态根据实际情况而定;根据in three days可知用一般将来时,故选C。
5. He told me ______ he would come and ______ he would bring a gift.
A. /; / B. that; / C. /; that D. that; what
【答案】C
【详解】句意:他告诉我他会来,还会带一份礼物。本题考查that的省略。and连接两个并列的that宾语从句时,第一个that可省略,第二个that不能省略,故选C。
二、用that / if / whether填空
1. I think ______ English is very useful.
【答案】that
【详解】句意:我认为英语非常有用。本题考查宾语从句的概念。从句“English is very useful”是完整的陈述句,作think的宾语,用that引导,that无实义,可省略,故填that。
2. She wonders ______ we can finish the work on time.
【答案】if / whether
【详解】句意:她想知道我们能否按时完成工作。本题考查宾语从句的概念。从句作wonders的宾语,表达“是否”的含义,用if或whether引导,故填if / whether。
3. I think ______ you are right.
【答案】that
【详解】句意:我认为你是对的。本题考查that引导的宾语从句。从句是陈述句,表达事实,用that引导,that可省略,故填that。
4. I doubt ______ he can finish the work on time.
【答案】if / whether
【详解】句意:我怀疑他是否能按时完成工作。本题考查宾语从句引导词。doubt肯定句中,从句用if或whether引导,表“是否”,故填if / whether。
5. I don't doubt ______ he is honest.
【答案】that
【详解】句意:我毫不怀疑他是诚实的。本题考查doubt的宾语从句。doubt的否定句中,宾语从句用that引导,因为“不怀疑”是陈述事实,不用“是否”,故填that。
三、完成句子
1. 我相信他会成功的。
I believe that he ______ ______ successful.
【答案】will be
【详解】句意:我相信他会成功的。本题考查宾语从句时态。主句是一般现在时,从句根据语境用一般将来时,故填will be。
2. 他告诉我他昨天生病了。
He told me that he ______ ______ yesterday.
【答案】was ill
【详解】句意:他告诉我他昨天生病了。本题考查宾语从句时态。主句是一般过去时,从句有yesterday,用一般过去时,故填was ill。
3. 我相信他不会迟到。
I ______ ______ he will be late.
【答案】don't believe
【详解】句意:我相信他不会迟到。本题考查否定转移。主句谓语是believe,否定转移到主句,用don't believe,故填don't believe。
4.“Does he like the movie?” Lisa asked. (改为宾语从句)
Lisa asked ________ ________ ________ the movie.
【答案】 if/whether he liked
【详解】句意: 莉萨问他是否喜欢那部电影。原句是一般疑问句,变为宾语从句时,需用if或whether引导,意为“是否”。宾语从句必须使用陈述句语序(主语+谓语),因此要将原句中的助动词does去掉,主语he置于谓语动词之前。主句Lisa asked为一般过去时,从句时态也要用一般过去时liked。故填if/whether;he;liked。
5.The sun rises from the east. Did Paul know? (合并为一句)
Did Paul know ________ the sun ________ from the east?
【答案】 that rises
【详解】句意:太阳从东方升起。保罗知道吗?第一空:know后接宾语从句,从句是完整陈述句,引导词用that。第二空:宾语从句描述客观真理,无论主句是什么时态,从句永远用一般现在时,所以原句时态不变,填rises。
◇Part 04 知 识 过 关 练
一、单项选择题
1. We did a science ______ in the lab yesterday.
A. experience B. experiment C. exercise D. excuse
【答案】B
【详解】句意:我们昨天在实验室做了一个科学实验。本题考查名词辨析。experiment意为“实验”,science experiment是固定短语“科学实验”;experience意为“经验;经历”,exercise意为“练习;锻炼”,excuse意为“借口”,均不符合句意,故选B。
2. If you don't know the word, ______ in the dictionary.
A. look up it B. look it up C. look for it D. look it for
【答案】B
【详解】句意:如果你不认识这个单词,就查一下词典。本题考查动词短语用法。look up意为“查阅”,是“动词+副词”结构,代词作宾语必须放中间,故选B。
3. Please read the text ______ so that everyone can hear you.
A. aloud B. loud C. loudly D. quiet
【答案】A
【详解】句意:请大声朗读课文,这样每个人都能听到。本题考查副词辨析。read aloud是固定搭配,意为“朗读”,aloud侧重“出声地”,符合语境,故选A。
4. This blue dress ______ you very well. You look beautiful in it.
A. fits B. suits C. matches D. goes
【答案】B
【详解】句意:这条蓝色连衣裙很适合你,你穿起来很漂亮。本题考查动词辨析。suit侧重款式、颜色、风格合适,此处说裙子好看,是风格合适,用suits;fit侧重尺寸合身,故选B。
5. ______, learning English needs patience.
A. In general B. In part C. In addition D. In time
【答案】A
【详解】句意:总的来说,学习英语需要耐心。本题考查固定短语辨析。in general意为“总的来说”,用于概括整体情况,符合语境,故选A。
6. Don't put off ______ your homework till tomorrow.
A. do B. to do C. doing D. done
【答案】C
【详解】句意:不要把做家庭作业拖到明天。本题考查非谓语动词。put off doing sth.是固定结构,off是介词,后接动名词作宾语,故选C。
7. I suggest ______ more English movies to improve your listening.
A. watch B. to watch C. watching D. watched
【答案】C
【详解】句意:我建议多看英文电影来提高听力。本题考查非谓语动词。suggest doing sth.是固定搭配,意为“建议做某事”,suggest后接动名词,故选C。
8. Could you tell me ______?
A. where is the hospital B. where the hospital is
C. where was the hospital D. where the hospital was
【答案】B
【详解】句意:你能告诉我医院在哪里吗?本题考查宾语从句的语序和时态。宾语从句用陈述语序,排除A、C;主句是委婉请求的一般现在时,从句用一般现在时表客观情况,故选B。
9. My teacher told me that light ______ faster than sound.
A. travels B. traveled C. will travel D. travel
【答案】A
【详解】句意:老师告诉我光比声音传播得快。本题考查宾语从句的时态。“光比声快”是客观真理,即使主句是过去时,从句也用一般现在时;主语light是单数,谓语用travels,故选A。
10. I don't know ______ he will come or not.
A. if B. whether C. that D. what
【答案】B
【详解】句意:我不知道他会不会来。本题考查宾语从句引导词辨析。从句后有or not时,只能用whether引导,不能用if,故选B。
二、用所给单词的适当形式填空
11. The students are doing ______ (experiment) in the lab.
【答案】experiments
【详解】句意:学生们正在实验室里做实验。本题考查名词的数。experiment是可数名词,此处表泛指用复数形式,故填experiments。
12. This is an ______ (experiment) teaching method.
【答案】experimental
【详解】句意:这是一种试验性的教学方法。本题考查词性转换。修饰名词method用形容词,experimental意为“实验的;试验性的”,故填experimental。
13. We should take an ______ (act) part in class activities.
【答案】active
【详解】句意:我们应该积极参加课堂活动。本题考查固定搭配。take an active part in意为“积极参加”,用形容词active修饰名词part,故填active。
14. We all had an ______ (enjoy) trip last weekend.
【答案】enjoyable
【详解】句意:上周末我们都度过了一次愉快的旅行。本题考查词性转换。修饰名词trip用形容词,enjoyable意为“令人愉快的”,故填enjoyable。
15. Can you spell this word ______ (correct)?
【答案】correctly
【详解】句意:你能正确拼写这个单词吗?本题考查副词用法。修饰动词spell用副词correctly,意为“正确地”,故填correctly。
16. He has ______ (build) up a large vocabulary.
【答案】built
【详解】句意:他已经积累了大量词汇。本题考查动词时态。根据has可知是现在完成时,build的过去分词是built,故填built。
17. With the teacher's ______ (guide), we made great progress.
【答案】guidance
【详解】句意:在老师的指导下,我们取得了很大进步。本题考查词性转换。名词所有格teacher's后接名词,guidance意为“指导”,故填guidance。
18. We need some ______ (addition) time to finish the work.
【答案】additional
【详解】句意:我们需要一些额外的时间来完成这项工作。本题考查形容词作定语。修饰名词time用形容词additional,意为“额外的”,故填additional。
19. He finished the task ______ (efficient) in half an hour.
【答案】efficiently
【详解】句意:他半小时就高效完成了任务。本题考查副词用法。修饰动词finished用副词efficiently,意为“高效地”,故填efficiently。
20. ______ (recent), more and more people like shopping online.
【答案】Recently
【详解】句意:最近,越来越多的人喜欢网购。本题考查副词用法。修饰整个句子用副词,句首首字母大写,故填Recently。
21. I don't think he ______ (be) right.
【答案】is
【详解】句意:我认为他不对。本题考查否定转移及时态。否定转移到主句,从句用肯定形式;主句是一般现在时,从句主语是he,be动词用is,故填is。
三、完成句子
22. 总的来说,这是一次有意义的活动。
______ ______, this is a meaningful activity.
【答案】In general
【详解】句意:总的来说,这是一次有意义的活动。本题考查固定短语。in general意为“总的来说”,句首首字母大写,故填In general。
23. 我们应该利用好每一分钟学习。
We should ______ ______ ______ every minute to study.
【答案】take advantage of
【详解】句意:我们应该利用好每一分钟学习。本题考查固定短语。take advantage of意为“利用”,情态动词should后接动词原形,故填take advantage of。
24. 他偶然在书店发现了这本好书。
He ______ ______ this good book in the bookstore.
【答案】came across
【详解】句意:他偶然在书店发现了这本好书。本题考查动词短语及时态。come across意为“偶然发现”,根据语境用一般过去时,故填came across。
25. 我认为他不会来参加聚会。
I ______ ______ he will come to the party.
【答案】don't think
【详解】句意:我认为他不会来参加聚会。本题考查宾语从句的否定转移。主句主语为第一人称,think的否定要转移到主句,故填don't think。
26. 除了英语,我还喜欢数学。
______ ______ ______ English, I also like math.
【答案】In addition to
【详解】句意:除了英语,我还喜欢数学。本题考查固定短语。in addition to意为“除……之外(还有)”,后接名词,句首首字母大写,故填In addition to。
27. 阅读能开阔我们的眼界。
Reading can ______ ______ our eyes.
【答案】open up
【详解】句意:阅读能开阔我们的眼界。本题考查动词短语。open up one's eyes是固定搭配,意为“开阔眼界”,情态动词can后接动词原形,故填open up。
28. 我们必须推迟会议。
We have to ______ ______ the meeting.
【答案】put off
【详解】句意:我们必须推迟会议。本题考查动词短语。put off意为“推迟”,have to后接动词原形,故填put off。
◇Part 05 能 力 提 升 练
一、完形填空
阅读下面短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
“I can’t find time to learn English,” Robert says to Frank.
“You can use fragments of time (碎片时间). We have ten 1 before breakfast now. Why not begin?” his brother says.
“Ten minutes. That’s nothing. I must have a run with my dog now,” Robert answers and 2 his dog outside.
After breakfast, the two boys take a bus to school. It takes 3 15 minutes to get there. On their way, Frank begins to remember (记忆) something in English, 4 Robert sings all the way.
“Let’s play 5 !” some friends say after school. Robert runs after those boys. Frank spends (花费) thirty minutes on English in the 6 . Then he plays basketball with the boys. The two boys are tired in the evening and 7 early.
The next day, Frank 8 the answer to the English teacher’s every question. But Robert doesn’t.
“ 9 do you find time to learn English, Frank?” he asks.
“I have 10 minutes before breakfast and 15 minutes on the 10 . I have 30 minutes before the basketball game. I’m trying to use any time,” Frank answers. Robert suddenly realizes (认识到) that fragmented time is so important for English learning. He decides to join Frank and work hard on English.
1.A.times B.minutes C.hours D.days
2.A.calls B.likes C.takes D.drives
3.A.us B.him C.you D.them
4.A.but B.so C.or D.because
5.A.basketball B.football C.ping-pong D.kung fu
6.A.lab B.kitchen C.classroom D.dining hall
7.A.get up B.go to bed C.watch TV D.have breakfast
8.A.knows B.wants C.tells D.speaks
9.A.Where B.Who C.How D.What
10.A.tree B.wall C.table D.bus
【答案】1.B 2.C 3.D 4.A 5.A 6.C 7.B 8.A 9.C 10.D
【导语】本文讲述Robert抱怨没时间学英语,Frank利用碎片时间学习,最终Robert意识到其重要性,决定向Frank学习。
【详解】1.句意:我们现在早饭前有十分钟。
前文提到碎片时间,后文出现“Ten minutes”,此处对应分钟。minutes“分钟”符合语境;times“次数”、hours“小时”、days“天”均不符。
2.句意:Robert回答完,带着他的狗出去了。
take sth. outside表示把某物带出去,takes“带走”符合语境;calls“呼叫”、likes“喜欢”、drives“驾驶”均不符。
3.句意:他们要花15分钟到学校。
前文主语“the two boys”是两个人,代词用them指代他们;us“我们”、him“他”、you“你/你们”均不符。
4.句意:在路上Frank开始记英语内容,但是Robert一路上都在唱歌。
前后两人行为形成对比转折,but“但是”表转折;so“所以”表结果、or“或者”表选择、because“因为”表原因均不符。
5.句意:放学后一些朋友说:“我们去打篮球吧!”
后文Then he plays basketball with the boys提示此处是篮球;basketball“篮球”符合语境;football“足球”、ping-pong“乒乓球”、kung fu“功夫”均不符。
6.句意:Frank在教室里花三十分钟学英语。
放学后能单独学习英语的场所是教室;classroom“教室”符合语境;lab“实验室”、kitchen“厨房”、dining hall“餐厅”均不符。
7.句意:晚上两个男孩都很累,早早睡觉了。
晚上疲惫对应的行为是上床睡觉;go to bed“上床睡觉”符合语境;get up“起床”、watch TV“看电视”、have breakfast“吃早饭”均不符。
8.句意:第二天,Frank知道英语老师每一个问题的答案。
搭配“know the answer”表示知道答案;knows“知道”符合语境;wants“想要”、tells“告诉”、speaks“说(语言)”均不符。
9.句意:Frank,你是怎么挤出时间学英语的?
后文Frank介绍自己利用各个时间段学习,是回答方式方法,How“如何,怎样”提问方式;Where“哪里”问地点、Who“谁”问人、What“什么”问事物均不符。
10.句意:早饭前我有十分钟,在公交车上有十五分钟。
前文“the two boys take a bus to school”提示乘车路上的碎片时间;bus“公交车”符合语境;tree“树”、wall“墙”、table“桌子”均不符。
二、短文填空
阅读下面短文,在空白处填入一个适当的单词或填入括号内单词的正确形式。
Holly King-Mand is very popular. She is 11 (general) known as the nation’s favourite English teacher. She 12 (teach) thousands of children online. She’s 13 expert in learning English and she has many new special ways. Here she shares the best ways to learn English.
Play Word Games. Holly uses games to teach new words. For example, she plays “Word Bingo”. Students listen 14 English words and mark them on their bingo cards. This way, learning words becomes 15 (excite).
Learn with Songs. She believes songs are great teachers. Holly picks popular English songs. Students learn some new 16 (expression) by singing along. It’s an easy way 17 (memorize) grammar and vocabulary.
Watch and Discuss Movies. Watching English movies is part of 18 (she) class. After watching, students talk 19 the story. They practise 20 (speak) and understand different accents (口音).
Create and Tell Stories. Holly asks students to tell short stories in English. 21 (one), she gives some key words. Then students create their own stories. This helps improve speaking 22 writing skills.
Work Together. In her online classes, students work in 23 (group). They discuss topics like their favourite food or hobbies. Working together makes learning English even 24 (much) interesting.
Holly King-Mand’s ways make English learning easy and 25 (enjoy). So many students love her classes!
【答案】11.generally 12.teaches 13.an 14.to 15.exciting 16.expressions 17.to memorize 18.her 19.about 20.speaking 21.First 22.and 23.groups 24.more 25.enjoyable
【导语】本文介绍了深受欢迎的英语老师Holly King-Mand分享的几种学习英语的最佳方法,包括单词游戏、学唱歌曲、观看讨论电影、创作故事和小组合作等。
【详解】11.句意:她普遍被认为是全国最受欢迎的英语老师。空处修饰动词known,应用general的副词形式generally作状语,意为“普遍地,一般地”。
12.句意:她在网上教成千上万的孩子。teach“教”,动词,主语She为第三人称单数,描述一般性事实,时态为一般现在时,谓语应用第三人称单数形式teaches。
13.句意:她是英语学习方面的专家,并且她有许多新颖独特的方法。expert为可数名词单数,此处表示泛指“一位专家”,expert以元音音素开头,应用不定冠词an。
14.句意:学生们听英语单词,并在他们的宾果卡上标记出来。listen to意为“听……”,固定介词搭配,应用介词to。
15.句意:这种方式使学习单词变得令人兴奋。空处作become的表语,修饰事物(learning words),应用excite的形容词形式exciting,意为“令人兴奋的”。
16.句意:学生们通过跟唱学习一些新的表达。expression“表达,词语”,可数名词,空前有some new修饰,应用复数形式expressions。
17.句意:这是记忆语法和词汇的一种简单方法。空处作way的后置定语,表示“……的方法”,应用不定式to memorize。
18.句意:观看英文电影是她课堂的一部分。空后class为名词,应用she的形容词性物主代词her修饰,意为“她的”。
19.句意:观看后,学生们讨论这个故事。talk about意为“讨论,谈论”,固定介词搭配,应用介词about。
20.句意:他们练习口语并理解不同的口音。practise doing sth.意为“练习做某事”,动名词作宾语,speak应用动名词speaking。
21.句意:首先,她给出一些关键词。此处表示顺序中的“第一”,应用one的序数词形式First,作副词,句首首字母大写。
22.句意:这有助于提高口语和写作技能。空处连接“speaking”和“writing skills”两个并列成分,表示并列关系,应用连词and。
23.句意:在她的在线课堂上,学生们分组学习。work in groups意为“分组工作”,group应用复数形式groups。
24.句意:合作使学习英语变得更加有趣。even修饰比较级,much的比较级为more,此处表示“更加有趣的”,应用more interesting。
25.句意:Holly King-Mand的方法使英语学习变得简单又有趣。空处与easy并列作宾语补足语,应用enjoy的形容词形式enjoyable,意为“有乐趣的,令人愉快的”。
三、书面表达
26.假如你是张华,你的好朋友王伟发电子邮件向你请教如何学好英语。请你根据以下要点用英语给他回一封电子邮件。
内容提示:
(1)看英语电影、听英语歌曲,猜测生词意思;
(2)与外教交谈;
(3)把单词写在纸条上,利用纸条记忆单词。
写作要求:
1. 词数应为90个左右(开头已经给出,不计入总词数);
2. 可适当添加细节,使行文连贯;
3. 不得泄露个人信息。
Dear Wang Wei,
I received your email yesterday._____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
These are my suggestions. I hope they are useful to you.
Yours,
Zhang Hua
【答案】例文:
Dear Wang Wei,
I received your email yesterday. In the email, you asked me how to improve your English. Now I’d like to give you some advice.
First, watching English films and listening to English songs are great ways! Watch and listen several times, and guess the meanings of the new words. Second, having a conversation with a foreign teacher is also a good way. Also, smile before you speak and do not feel shy. Third, write four or five words a day on pieces of paper and put them in your room. Read the words when you see them, and try to use them.
These are my suggestions. I hope they are useful to you.
Yours,
Zhang Hua
【详解】写作步骤
[第一步:审题立意]
确定文体:电子邮件(应用文),用一般现在时为主
明确要点:娱乐中学英语(看电影、听歌猜词)、与外教交流、利用纸条记单词
确定人称:第一人称(I/my)和第二人称(you/your)
注意事项:不得透露真实姓名和学校名称,注意书信格式
[第二步:构思布局]
三段式结构:
开头段:表明写信目的(收到来信并给出建议)
主体段:分点陈述三条具体建议及做法
结尾段:表达祝愿,期待回音
[第三步:要点展开]
要点一:看英语电影、听英语歌曲,猜测生词意思
活动描述:watch English films/watch movies in English/listen to English songs/enjoy English music
具体做法:guess the meanings of new words/try to guess what the new words mean/figure out the meaning of unknown words
作用效果:It is a great way to learn English/It makes learning fun and easy.
要点二:与外教交谈
活动描述:talk with foreign teachers/have conversations with foreign teachers/communicate with native speakers
具体做法:Don’t be shy/Smile before you speak/Practice spoken English bravely
作用效果:It helps improve your speaking skills/You can practice pronunciation.
要点三:把单词写在纸条上,利用纸条记忆单词
活动描述:write words on pieces of paper/put words on notes
具体做法:stick them around your room/read them when you see them/review them every day/use them in sentences
作用效果:It’s a good way to memorize vocabulary/It helps you remember words better.
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八升九英语暑假衔接预习课(新教材人教版)
第三讲 Unit 3 Smart Learning
◇Part 01 内 容 汇 总
范围
内容
单元基础知识预习
重点单词、短语、重点语法、单元话题与写作
单元教材知识讲解
Section A部分语篇预习、Section A部分教材词句重难点解析
Section B部分语篇预习、Section B部分教材词句重难点解析
单元重点语法知识解析。
基础知识过关练
选择题、填空题、完成句子
能力拓展提升练
完形填空、阅读理解、书面表达
◇Part 02 基础知识预习
重点
单词(加粗的为课标要求重点单词)
learner n. 学习者
flashcard n. (用于学习的)卡片;抽认卡
project n. 计划;项目
website n. 网站
hands-on adj. 动手的;实际操作的
experiment n. 实验;试验
dictionary n. 词典;字典
aloud adv. 出声地;大声地
dialogue n. 对话;对白
suit v. 适合;有利于 n. 套装
general adj. 总的;大体的
speed n. 速度 v. 加速;促进
grammar n. 语法
podcast n. 播客
zero num. 零;最低程度
actively adv. 积极地
enjoyable adj. 有乐趣的;使人快乐的
strategy n. 策略
correct adj. 正确的;恰当的
suggest v. 建议;提议
method n. 方法
summarize v. 总结;概括
growth n. 成长;增加
mindset n. 观念模式
material n. 材料
guidance n. 指导
feedback n. 反馈的意见
addition n. 添加;加法
resource n. 资源;资料
textbook n. 教科书;课本
advantage n. 优势;优点
efficiently adv. 效率高地
valley n. 山谷;溪谷
pronunciation n. 发音;读音
click v. (用鼠标或在触摸板上) 点击;(使)发出咔嗒声
magazine n. 杂志;期刊
shelf n. (墙壁、书橱等的)架子;搁板
schoolwork n. 学校作业
print n. 印刷品 v.打印
newspaper n. 报纸
e-book n. 电子书
recent adj. 最近的;最新的
重点短语
do research projects 做研究项目
do hands-on experiments 做动手实验
look up 查阅;检查
read aloud 大声朗读
in general 总的来说;通常
come across (偶然)遇见;发现
step by step 逐步地;循序渐进地
build up 增加;加强;创建
make learning enjoyable 让学习变得愉快
develop your own strategies 制定自己的学习策略
learning method 学习方法
put off 推迟;拖延
a growth mindset 成长型思维
practice makes perfect 熟能生巧
get guidance获得指导
learn wisely and efficiently 明智高效地学习
in part 在某种程度上;部分地
in addition 另外;此外
take advantage of 利用
open up 打开;开放
重点语法
that、if、whether引导的宾语从句
单元话题与写作
本单元的话题为“智慧学习”。
本单元的写作任务主要围绕着“介绍智慧学习方法,分享学习经验,谈论学习体会及针对他人学习中遇到的困难给出合理的建议”。
◇Part 03 教材 知 识 讲 解
一、Section A部分语篇预习:
语篇Section A 3a
Ella: Hi, this is Ella's podcast. Today's guest is Binbin. He's going to give us some ideas for learning English.
Binbin: Hi, Ella. Thanks for having me! For learning English, I think first you need to become an active learner.
Ella: What do you mean by that?
Binbin: Well, because I want to speak English well, I practise English all the time.
Ella: Oh, you must spend a lot of time studying!
Binbin: Well, it doesn't mean you have to study all the time.You need to spend time using the language.For example,I speak English with friends. I repeat the dialogues from the films I like. I read English books, and sometimes I write my diary in English.
Ella: Wow! I guess you really enjoy learning.
Binbin: Yes, it's true! But you see, I started out at zero and came across problems. I mean you just have to take things step by step. Start simple and build up.
Ella: That's so true.
翻译
埃拉:大家好,这里是埃拉的播客。今天的嘉宾是彬彬,他将为我们分享学习英语的方法。
彬彬:埃拉你好,谢谢邀请!我认为学英语首先要做主动学习者。
埃拉:你是什么意思?
彬彬:因为我想说好英语,所以我一直练习英语。
埃拉:哦,你肯定花了很多时间学习!
彬彬:这并不意味着要一直埋头学,而是要花时间运用这门语言。比如,我和朋友用英语交流,模仿喜欢的电影里的对话,读英语书,有时还用英语写日记。
埃拉:哇!我猜你真的很享受学习。
彬彬:没错!但你知道,我也是从零开始,也遇到过困难。我的意思是,要一步一步来,从简单的开始,循序渐进。
埃拉:太对了。
二、Section A部分教材词句重难点解析:
1. By doing hands-on experiments, Peter finds that he can connect physics with something in real life. 通过动手实验,彼得发现他可以将物理学与现实生活中的某些事物联系起来。
(1)experiment
【用法讲解】
①作可数名词,意为“实验;试验”。
②作动词,意为“做实验;尝试”。
【词形变化】
experimental adj. 实验的;试验性的(由“experiment + 形容词后缀-al”构成。)
【常用结构】
①do an experiment 做实验
例句:The students will do an experiment in the lab tomorrow. (学生们明天要在实验室做实验。)
【常见短语】
science experiment 科学实验
即讲即练
一、用所给单词的适当形式填空
1. The scientists are doing a lot of ______ (experiment) to test the new medicine.
二、单项选择题
1. We will ______ on how plants grow in the science class tomorrow.
A. do an experiment B. have a rest C. take a break D. make a mistake
2. look up words in a dictionary 在字典里查单词
(1)look up
【用法讲解】
①意为“查阅;查找”。
例句:If you don't know the word, look it up in the dictionary. (如果你不认识这个单词,就查一下词典。)
②还表示“向上看;抬头”。
例句:She looked up from her book when I came in. (我进来时,她从书本上抬起头来。)
【易错点】
look up属于“动词+副词”型短语,接代词作宾语时,代词必须放在look和up中间。
即讲即练
一、单项选择题
1. If you don't know the meaning of the word, you can ______ in the dictionary.
A. look it up B. look up it C. look for it D. look it for
二、完成句子。
1. 你可以在网上查阅这条信息。
You can ______ ______ the information on the Internet.
3. read aloud to practise speaking 大声朗读以练习口语
(1)aloud
【用法讲解】
作副词,意为“出声地;大声地”。
例句:Please read the text aloud in English class. (请在英语课上朗读课文。)
【易混词辨析】aloud、loud 与 loudly
①aloud意为“出声地”,侧重让人听见,常与read、call搭配。
例句:The teacher asked us to read the passage aloud. (老师让我们大声朗读这篇短文。)
②loud 可作形容词和副词,意为“大声的/地”,侧重音量大。
例句:Don't talk so loud. (别这么大声说话。)
③loudly 副词,意为“大声地;喧闹地”,常含嘈杂、吵闹的贬义。
例句:They are talking loudly in the hallway. (他们在走廊里大声喧哗。)
即讲即练
一、单项选择题
1. The teacher asked us to read the text ______ in English class.
A. aloud B. loud C. loudly D. louder
二、用所给单词的适当形式填空
1. Please read the poem ______ (aloud) so that everyone can hear you.
三、完成句子
1. 每天大声朗读英语对你的口语有帮助。
______ English ______ every day is helpful for your spoken English.
4. You should read books that suit your English level. 你应该阅读适合你英语水平的书籍。
(1)suit
【用法讲解】
①作可数名词,意为“套装;西服”。
例句:My father wears a suit to work every day. (我爸爸每天穿西装上班。)
②作动词,意为“适合;相配”。
例句:The blue dress suits you very well. (这条蓝色连衣裙很适合你。)
【词形变化】
suitable adj. 合适的;适宜的(由“suit + 形容词后缀-able”构成。)
【易混词辨析】suit 与 fit
①suit 动词,意为“适合”,侧重款式、颜色、风格或时间合适。
例句:This color of the coat suits you. (这件外套的颜色适合你。)
②fit 动词,意为“合身”,侧重尺寸、大小贴合身体。
例句:The shoes fit me well. (这双鞋我穿很合脚。)
即讲即练
一、单项选择题
1. The red dress ______ you very well. You look nice in it.
A. fits B. suits C. matches D. goes
二、用所给单词的适当形式填空
1. This movie is not ______ (suit) for children under 10.
5. Reading is important for learning in general. 阅读对于整体学习而言非常重要。
(1)general
【用法讲解】
①general作形容词,意为“总的;普遍的;一般的”。
例句:The general idea of the passage is easy to understand. (这篇文章的大意很容易理解。)
【词形变化】
generally adv. 通常;普遍地(由“general + 副词后缀-ly”构成。)
【常见短语】
general idea 大意
in general 总的来说(用于概括整体情况,常放在句首。)
例句:In general, girls are better at language learning than boys. (总的来说,女孩比男孩更擅长语言学习。)
即讲即练
一、单项选择题
1. ______, girls are better at memorizing words than boys in English learning.
A. In general B. In part C. In addition D. In time
2. Can you tell me the ______ idea of this passage in one sentence?
A. general B. generally C. common D. usual
二、用所给单词的适当形式填空
1. ______ (general) speaking, spring is the best season to visit this city.
6. You will improve your reading speed if you read a lot. 如果你大量阅读,你的阅读速度就会提高。
(1)speed
【用法讲解】
①speed作可数/不可数名词,意为“速度;速率”。
例句:The car is driving at a high speed. (这辆汽车正在高速行驶。)
②speed作动词,意为“加速;快速前行”。
例句:The train sped through the countryside. (火车飞速驶过乡村。)
【常用结构】
①at a speed of 以……的速度
例句:The plane flies at a speed of 900 kilometers per hour. (飞机以每小时九百公里的速度飞行。)
【常见短语】
high speed 高速
low speed 低速
【易错点】
speed的过去式为sped或speeded。
即讲即练
一、单项选择题
1. The train is running ______ a high speed.
A. in B. at C. on D. with
2. The car can ______ up quickly on the highway.
A. speed B. sped C. speeded D. speeding
二、用所给单词的适当形式填空
1. The plane flies at a ______ (speed) of 800 kilometers per hour.
7. But you see, I started out at zero and came across problems. 但你看,我是从零开始,然后遇到了问题。
(1)come across
【用法讲解】
come across意为“偶然遇见;偶然发现”。
例句:I came across an old friend in the street yesterday. (我昨天在街上偶然遇见了一位老朋友。)
She came across a useful learning website last night. (她昨晚偶然发现了一个有用的学习网站。)
【易混短语辨析】come across 与 meet
①come across 意为“偶然遇见”,强调意外、不经意。
例句:I came across this old photo when I cleaned the box. (我清理盒子时偶然发现了这张旧照片。)
②meet 意为“遇见”,可指偶然见面,也可指约定好的会面。
例句:I will meet my teacher at the school gate. (我要在校门口见我的老师。)
【易错点】
come across无被动语态,后直接接宾语。
即讲即练
一、单项选择题
1. I ______ an old friend of mine in the supermarket yesterday.
A. came across B. came out C. came up D. came down
二、完成句子
1. 我在整理旧箱子时发现了一些老照片。
I ______ ______ some old photos when I sorted out the old box.
8. I mean you just have to take things step by step. 我的意思是,你只需要一步步来。
(1)step by step
【用法讲解】
step by step是固定副词短语,意为“逐步地;一步一步地”,形容做事循序渐进。
例句:You can learn English well step by step. (你可以一步一步地把英语学好。)
【常见短语】
learn step by step 循序渐进地学习
【易错点】
step by step在句中作状语修饰动词,不能放在名词前作定语。
即讲即练
一、单项选择题
1. Don't be in a hurry. You can learn English ______.
A. step by step B. one by one C. day by day
二、完成句子
1. 我们一步一步地完成了这个困难的项目。
We finished the difficult project ______ ______ ______.
9. Start simple and build up. 从简单开始,逐步积累。
(1)build up
【用法讲解】
①build up意为“逐步建立;增强”。
例句:Doing sports can help us build up our body. (做运动能帮助我们增强体质。)
②还可表示“积累;逐步发展”。
例句:He built up a large vocabulary by reading every day. (他通过每天阅读积累了大量词汇。)
【易错点】
build up属于“动词+副词”型短语,接代词作宾语时,代词要放在build和up中间。
即讲即练
一、单项选择题
1. Doing morning exercises every day can help you ______ your body.
A. build up B. set up C. put up D. get up
2. He ______ a large vocabulary by reading English novels.
A. built up B. made up C. took up D. turned up
二、完成句子
1. 多做运动可以增强你的免疫力。
Doing more sports can ______ ______ your immunity.
10. For learning English, I think first you need to become an active learner. 对于学习英语,我认为首先你需要成为一个主动的学习者。
(1)actively
【用法讲解】
active作形容词词,意为“积极的;活跃的”。
【常用结构】
①take an active part in 积极参加
例句:She takes an active part in all kinds of school activities. (她积极参加各类学校活动。)
【词形变化】
actively adv. 积极地;活跃地(active加后缀-ly)
activity n. 活动(由“active + 名词后缀-ity”构成。)
即讲即练
一、单项选择题
1. We should take part in after-school activities ______.
A. active B. actively C. activity D. act
2. She is an ______ girl and always takes part in all kinds of activities.
A. active B. actively C. activity D. act
二、用所给单词的适当形式填空
1. The students are having all kinds of after-school ______ (active).
11. Make learning enjoyable.让学习变得有趣。
(1)enjoyable
【用法讲解】
enjoyable作形容词,意为“令人愉快的;有乐趣的”。
例句:We had an enjoyable trip to the countryside last weekend. (上周末我们去乡下的旅行非常愉快。)
【词形变化】
enjoy v. 享受;喜欢(词根)
即讲即练
一、单项选择题
1. We had an ______ trip to the countryside last weekend.
A. enjoy B. enjoyable C. enjoying D. enjoyment
二、用所给单词的适当形式填空
1. I hope you will have an ______ (enjoy) weekend.
12. Could you tell me whether/if this sentence is correct in English?你能告诉我这个句子在英语中是否正确吗?
(1)correct
【用法讲解】
①作形容词,意为“正确的;恰当的”。
例句:Please tell me the correct answer to the question. (请告诉我这道题的正确答案。)
②作动词,意为“纠正;改正”。
例句:The teacher helps us correct our pronunciation in class. (老师课上帮我们纠正发音。)
【词形变化】
correctly adv. 正确地(由“correct + 副词后缀-ly”构成。)
correction n. 改正;纠正(由“correct + 名词后缀-ion”构成。)
incorrect adj. 不正确的(由“correct + 否定前缀-in”构成。)
即讲即练
一、用所给单词的适当形式填空
1. Can you pronounce this word ______ (correct)?
2. The ______ (correct) of your homework took the teacher a lot of time.
二、单项选择题
1. Please choose the ______ answer to the question.
A. correct B. correctly C. correction D. incorrect
13. Cathy often puts off working on her project to the last day. 凯茜经常把她的项目工作拖到最后一刻才做。
(1)put off
【用法讲解】
put off意为“推迟;拖延”,后接名词、代词或动名词作宾语。
例句:We have to put off the sports meeting because of the bad weather. (因为天气不好,我们不得不推迟运动会。)
【常用结构】
①put off doing sth. 推迟做某事
例句:Don't put off finishing your homework till tomorrow. (不要把完成作业拖到明天。)
【易错点】
put off属于“动词+副词”型短语,接代词作宾语时,代词要放在put和off中间,如put it off;后接动词时要用动名词形式,不能接不定式。
即讲即练
一、单项选择题
1. We have to ______ the sports meeting because of the heavy rain.
A. put off B. put up C. put on D. put out
2. Don't put off ______ your homework till tomorrow.
A. finish B. to finish C. finishing D. finished
14. Then discuss whether you would like to try the learning method suggested. 然后讨论一下你是否愿意尝试所建议的学习方法。
(1)method
【用法讲解】
method作可数名词,意为“方法;办法”。
例句:Mr. Li has a good teaching method. (李老师有一套很好的教学方法。)
【易混词辨析】method、way 与 means
①method 名词,意为“方法”。
例句:We can use different methods to solve the math problem. (我们可以用不同的方法解这道数学题。)
②way 名词,意为“方式;方法”,最常用,口语化,可指任何方式。
例句:There are many ways to learn English well. (学好英语有很多种方法。)
③means 名词,意为“手段;方式”,侧重达成目的的手段,单复数同形。
例句:We can communicate by means of email. (我们可以通过电子邮件交流。)
(2)suggest
【用法讲解】
suggest作动词,意为“建议;提议”,指提出想法供他人参考。
例句:I suggest we go to the library this afternoon. (我建议我们今天下午去图书馆。)
【词形变化】
suggestion n. 建议;提议(由“suggest + 名词后缀-ion”构成。)
【常用结构】
①suggest doing sth. 建议做某事
例句:She suggested going for a walk after dinner. (她建议晚饭后去散散步。)
【易错点】
suggest后接动词要用动名词形式,不能接不定式to do。
即讲即练
一、单项选择题
1. Mr. Wang has a good teaching ______ to make his class lively.
A. method B. way C. means D. road
2. I suggest ______ a walk after dinner to relax ourselves.
A. take B. to take C. taking D. took
二、用所给单词的适当形式填空
1. We can use different ______ (method) to solve this math problem.
2. He gave me many useful ______ (suggest) on how to learn English well.
三、Section B部分语篇预习:
语篇Section B, 1b
How to Become a Successful Learner
Everyone has the ability to learn. Experts on the science of learning will tell you that anyone can become a successful learner. However, many students do not realize this, and they have trouble learning.
Studies show that the first key to becoming a successful learner is to have a growth mindset. This means, in part, believing in yourself. It also means setting goals, taking action, and meeting challenges. People with a growth mindset see mistakes as chances for learning, as they teach us how to improve.
Research also shows that practice is important for learning. The more we practise, the better we learn. We learn best by practising new and difficult things. Sometimes it is also important to get guidance from a teacher or a coach. They can show us the right way to practise and give us important feedback and advice.
In addition, studies show that students learn more when they hang out with other students who are serious about study. First, by being together, students can easily learn from each other. Second, students are challenged to do better by each other. This has been proven to encourage learner growth.
Successful learners also use the best learning materials they can find. In the 21st century, this means using new technology and resources, not just textbooks. Since there are so many learning materials on the internet, it is important to think carefully and choose wisely what and how you study. Take advantage of the best tools and resources to learn wisely and efficiently.
Finally, successful learners see learning as part of daily life. It is something they will do even after they leave school, even when they are old. As you continue on your learning journey, you should try to walk at your own speed and enjoy the trip. Never lose heart. The road ahead of you may be long and may have many mountains and valleys, but it also has great treasure. You will find more joy in living a life with learning!
翻译
如何成为成功的学习者
每个人都有学习的能力。学习科学专家会告诉你,任何人都能成为成功的学习者。然而很多学生没有意识到这一点,在学习中遇到困难。
研究表明,成为成功学习者的首要关键是拥有成长型心态。这在一定程度上意味着相信自己,也意味着设定目标、付诸行动、迎接挑战。拥有成长型心态的人把错误当作学习的机会,因为错误能教会我们如何进步。
研究还表明,练习对学习很重要。练习得越多,学得越好。练习新的、有难度的内容效果最佳。有时接受老师或教练的指导也很重要,他们能教给我们正确的练习方法,给出重要的反馈和建议。
此外,研究显示,和认真学习的同学在一起,学生能学到更多。首先,在一起时同学们很容易互相学习;其次,同学们会互相激励,追求更好。这已被证实能促进学习者成长。
成功的学习者还会善用能找到的最佳学习资料。在21世纪,这意味着使用新技术和新资源,而不只是课本。网上的学习资料繁多,因此要认真思考,明智选择学习内容和方式。利用最好的工具和资源,智慧高效地学习。
最后,成功的学习者把学习当作日常生活的一部分,即使毕业、变老也会坚持学习。在学习的旅程中,你应该按照自己的节奏前行,享受过程。不要灰心,前方的路或许漫长,布满坎坷,但也藏着巨大的宝藏。在充满学习的生活中,你会收获更多快乐!
语篇Section B, 3a
My love of books comes from my mother. Books are her classroom and teacher, and through books she has become the wise and smart person I know.
Because of my mother's love of reading, our home is full of books on different subjects. When I was a child, my mother sat me on her knee, told me stories, and taught me how to read. Soon, I was reading by myself, and I found children's books no longer kept me interested. So I started reading my books and magazines-especially popular science books and books about the lives of famous people. After dinner, I would just pick out a book from the shelf to read in my room. Reading opened up new worlds and allowed me to discover new things for myself. I think that reading is great fun.
Now that I am older, I can always find time to read in the school library. I believe that reading has helped me a lot with my schoolwork and made me more confident about my future.
Chen Lei, age 15
翻译
我对书籍的热爱源于妈妈。书是她的课堂和老师,通过读书,她成为了我所认识的聪慧睿智的人。
因为妈妈热爱阅读,我们家摆满了各类书籍。小时候,妈妈让我坐在她膝上,给我讲故事,教我认字读书。很快我就能自己阅读了,儿童读物已经无法吸引我。于是我开始读大人的书和杂志,尤其是科普书和名人传记。晚饭后,我总会从书架上选一本书,在房间里阅读。阅读为我打开了新世界的大门,让我亲自探索新事物。我觉得阅读充满乐趣。
现在我长大了,总能在学校图书馆挤出时间阅读。我相信阅读对我的学业帮助很大,也让我对未来更有信心。
15岁 陈雷
四、Section B部分教材词句重难点解析:
1. Studies show that the first key to becoming a successful learner is to have a growth mindset. 研究表明,成为成功学习者的首要关键在于拥有成长型思维。
(1)growth
【用法讲解】
growth作不可数名词,意为“成长;增长”。
例句:Enough sleep is good for the growth of children. (充足的睡眠对孩子的成长有益。)
There is a fast growth of online learning in recent years. (近年来在线学习增长迅速。)
【词形变化】
grow v. 生长;成长(growth由“grow + 名词后缀-th”构成。)
【常见短语】
personal growth 个人成长
economic growth 经济增长
即讲即练
一、单项选择题
1. Enough sleep is good for the ______ of children.
A. grow B. growth C. growing D. grew
二、用所给单词的适当形式填空
1. Plants ______ (growth) fast in spring.
2. This means, in part, believing in yourself. 这在一定程度上意味着要相信自己。
(1)in part
【用法讲解】
in part是固定介词短语,意为“部分地;在某种程度上”。
例句:His progress is in part because of the teacher's help. (他的进步在某种程度上得益于老师的帮助。)
【易混短语辨析】in part 与 in general
①in part 意为“部分地”,侧重描述局部、部分的情况。
例句:I agree with your idea in part. (我在一定程度上同意你的想法。)
②in general 意为“总的来说”,侧重概括整体的情况。
例句:In general, this movie is suitable for students. (总的来说,这部电影适合学生观看。)
即讲即练
一、单项选择题
1. His success is ______ because of his hard work.
A. in general B. in part C. in addition D. in time
二、完成句子
1. 这次失败在一定程度上是因为准备不足。
The failure was ______ ______ due to lack of preparation.
3. Sometimes it is also important to get guidance from a teacher or a coach. 有时,从老师或教练那里获得指导也很重要。
(1)guidance
【用法讲解】
guidance作不可数名词,意为“指导;引导”。
例句:With our teacher's guidance, we finished the project successfully. (在老师的指导下,我们顺利完成了课题。)
【词形变化】
guide v. 指导;引导 n. 导游(guidance由“guide + 名词后缀-ance”构成。)
【常见短语】
study guidance 学习指导
即讲即练
一、单项选择题
1. With the teacher's ______, we finished the project successfully.
A. guide B. guidance C. guided D. guiding
二、完成句子
1. 在学习指导的帮助下,我的英语进步很大。
With the help of ______ ______, I have made great progress in English.
4. In addition, studies show that students learn more when they hang out with other students who are serious about study. 此外,研究表明,当学生与那些认真对待学习的学生相处时,他们会学到更多。
(1)addition
【用法讲解】
addition作名词,意为“增加;添加物”,也可表示数学中的“加法”。
例句:The new lab is a wonderful addition to our school. (新实验室是我们学校一项很棒的新增设施。)
We learn addition and subtraction in primary school. (我们在小学学习加减法。)
【词形变化】
add v. 添加;增加(词根,addition由“add + 名词后缀-ition”构成。)
additional adj. 额外的;附加的(由“addition + 形容词后缀-al”构成。)
【常见短语】
in addition 此外;另外
in addition to 除……之外(还有)
【易混短语辨析】in addition 与 in addition to
①in addition 意为“此外”,单独作状语,放在句首或句中,后不接名词。
例句:The dictionary is useful. In addition, it's not expensive. (这本词典很有用,而且也不贵。)
②in addition to 意为“除……之外”,to是介词,后接名词、代词或动名词。
例句:In addition to English, we also learn history. (除了英语,我们还学历史。)
即讲即练
一、单项选择题
1. ______, learning English well can help us know more about foreign cultures.
A. In addition B. In addition to C. In part D. In general
2. ______ English, we also learn math and Chinese at school.
A. In addition B. In addition to C. Except D. Beside
二、完成句子
1. 此外,我们还需要准备一些材料。
______ ______, we need to prepare some materials.
5. Take advantage of the best tools and resources to learn wisely and efficiently. 利用最好的工具和资源,明智且高效地学习。
(1)advantage
【用法讲解】
advantage作可数名词,意为“优势;有利条件”。
例句:Learning English well has many advantages for us. (学好英语对我们有很多好处。)
【词形变化】
disadvantage n. 劣势;不利条件(由“advantage + 否定前缀-dis”构成。)
advantageous adj. 有利的(由“advantage + 形容词后缀-ous”构成。)
【常用结构】
①have an advantage over 比……有优势
例句:She has an advantage over other students in reading. (她在阅读方面比其他学生有优势。)
②take advantage of 利用
例句:We should take advantage of the holiday to read more books. (我们应该利用假期多读书。)
【易混词辨析】advantage 与 benefit
①advantage 名词,意为“优势”,侧重相比之下的有利条件、自身长处。
例句:The main advantage of riding bikes is that it's green. (骑自行车的主要优势是环保。)
②benefit 名词,意为“好处;益处”,侧重事物带来的实际利益、好处。
例句:Doing sports has lots of benefits for our health. (做运动对我们的健康有很多益处。)
(2)efficiently
【用法讲解】
efficiently作副词,意为“高效地;有效率地”。
例句:We should learn to use our time efficiently. (我们应该学会高效利用时间。)
【词形变化】
efficient adj. 高效的(efficiently去掉副词后缀-ly)
efficiency n. 效率(由“efficient + 名词后缀-ency”构成。)
【易混词辨析】efficiently 与 effectively
①efficiently 副词,意为“高效地”,侧重做事省时、省力,强调效率。
例句:He finished all his homework efficiently in an hour. (他用一小时就高效完成了所有作业。)
②effectively 副词,意为“有效地”,侧重做事有效果、能达到预期目的。
例句:This way can help us remember words effectively. (这个方法能帮我们有效地记单词。)
即讲即练
一、单项选择题
1. Learning English well has many ______ for us.
A. advantages B. disadvantages C. benefits D. good
2. We should ______ the good chance to improve ourselves.
A. take advantage of B. take care of C. take part in D. take place of
3. We should use our time ______ to study better.
A. efficient B. efficiently C. efficiency D. effective
6. This app provides guidance on pronunciation for any words you click on. 这个应用程序会为你点击的任何单词提供发音指导。
(1)click
【用法讲解】
①click作动词,意为“点击”。
例句:Click on the icon to open the file. (点击图标打开文件。)
②click作动词,还有“发出咔嗒声”的意思。
例句:The key clicked when he pressed it. (他按键的时候发出了咔嗒声。)
③click作可数名词,意为“点击;咔嗒声”。
例句:With a click of the mouse, you can get lots of information. (轻点鼠标,你就能获取很多信息。)
【常见短语】
click on 点击
mouse click 鼠标点击
即讲即练
一、单项选择题
1. You can ______ on the icon to open the file.
A. click B. push C. press D. knock
二、完成句子
1. 请点击这个链接查看更多信息。
Please ______ ______ this link to see more information.
7. Reading opened up new worlds and allowed me to discover new things for myself. 阅读为我打开了新世界的大门,让我能够自己发现新事物。
(1)open up
①open up意为“打开;开辟”。
例句:The workers opened up a new road through the mountain. (工人们开辟了一条穿山的新路。)
②还有“开阔;拓展”的意思,如开阔眼界。
例句:Reading can open up our eyes to the outside world. (阅读能开阔我们的眼界,了解外面的世界。)
【易混短语辨析】open up 与 open
①open up 意为“打开;开拓”,侧重打开原本封闭的事物,或用于抽象含义的拓展。
例句:Traveling opens up our mind. (旅行能开阔我们的思维。)
②open 意为“打开”,普通用词,指开门、开窗、翻书等具体动作。
例句:Please open the window to let fresh air in. (请打开窗户,让新鲜空气进来。)
【易错点】
open up属于“动词+副词”型短语,接代词作宾语时,代词要放在open和up中间。
即讲即练
一、单项选择题
1. Reading can ______ our eyes to the outside world.
A. open up B. open C. turn up D. put up
二、完成句子
1. 好书能为我们打开新世界的大门。
Good books can ______ ______ new worlds for us.
8. Print books. 纸质书。
(1)print
【用法讲解】
①print作动词,意为“打印;印刷”。
例句:Please print this article for me. (请帮我打印这篇文章。)
②print作不可数名词,意为“印刷字体;印刷品”。
例句:The print in this book is too small for old people. (这本书的字体对老人来说太小了。)
【词形变化】
printer n. 打印机;印刷工(由“print + 名词后缀-er”构成。)
printing n. 印刷(术)(由“print + 名词后缀-ing”构成。)
【常见短语】
print out 打印出来
即讲即练
一、单项选择题
1. Please ______ this document for me. I need a paper copy.
A. print B. write C. read D. copy
二、用所给单词的适当形式填空
1. We need a new ______ (print) in the office. The old one doesn't work.
9. What was the most recent book you read? 你最近读的书是什么?
(1)recent
【用法讲解】
recent作形容词,意为“最近的;近来的”。
例句:I have read some recent news about pandas. (我读了一些最近关于熊猫的新闻。)
【词形变化】
recently adv. 最近;近来(由“recent + 副词后缀-ly”构成。)
【常见短语】
in recent years 最近几年
recent days 最近几天
即讲即练
一、单项选择题
1. What is the ______ news about the accident?
A. recent B. recently C. late D. later
二、用所给单词的适当形式填空
1. ______ (recent), there have been many changes in our city.
五、单元重点语法知识解析:
that、if、whether引导的宾语从句
一、宾语从句的概念。
在主从复合句中,宾语是由一个完整的句子充当,这个充当宾语成分的句子,就叫做宾语从句。
例:I think that he is right. 我认为他是对的。(that he is right是一个句子,充当think的宾语)
I wonder if / whether he is single. 我想知道他是否单身。(if / whether he is single是一个句子,充当wonder的宾语)
【注意】能接宾语的有及物动词和介词,在少数形容词后也可以接宾语从句。
例:She always thinks of how she can help those handicapped children to go to school.她总是想如何能帮助残疾儿童上学。
I’m glad (that) you can stay.我很高兴你能留下来。
I'm afraid that you can't catch the train.我恐怕你赶不上火车了。
二、宾语从句的时态。
时
态
主句为一般现在时态时,从句的时态可以根据实际情况而定。
I think (that) he is tall.(我认为他高。——主现从现)
I think (that) he was ill yesterday.(我认为他昨天病了。——主现从过)
I think (that) he will come.(我认为他会来。——主现从将)
主句为一般过去时态时,从句应用相应的过去时态(一般过去时、过去进行时)
He told me that he would take part in the high jump.他告诉我他将会参加跳高比赛。
I wanted to know if / whether he was married.(我当时想知道他是否结婚。——主过从过)
当宾语从句表示的是一个客观事实或真理时,即使主句是过去时,从句也用一般现在时态。
My father told me the sun rises in the east.爸爸告诉我太阳从东方升起。
He told me (that) the earth goes around the sun.(他告诉我地球绕日转。——主过从现)
三、宾语从句的语序。
宾语从句总是用陈述语序。
例如:I wonder if/whether he works hard.我想知道他是否工作努力。
I wonder if he is a driver.我想知道他是不是司机。
四、由whether、if、that引导的宾语从句。
(1)在that引导的宾语从句中,that无实际意义,在从句中也不充当任何成分,只引出一个直陈事实。
(2)在if / whether引导的宾语从句中,if / whether意为“是否”,在从句中也不充当任何成分,用来引出一个有选择性的句子。
例1:She found (that) the room was empty.(她发现房间是空的。)
该宾语从句“the room was empty.”是表达一个事实,that的作用只是引导和连接,that不给宾语从句添加任何含义,在从句中不充当成分。
例2:She asked if / whether I liked it.(她问我是否喜欢。)
该宾语从句“if / whether I liked it”是表达一个可选择的,不确定的有两种可能的事情,if/whether的作用有两个,一个是引导和连接,一个是给从句增加一个“是否,是不是”的含义,在从句中也不充当成分。
【注意】if 和whether在引导宾语从句中的区别
if和whether都是给从句添加“是否”的含义,一般情况下,可互换,但在以下几种情况下,只能用whether,不能用if:
①在动词不定式前只能用whether。
例如:I can't decide whether to go.我决定不了去不去。
②后有or not 时只能用whether。
例如:I don't care whether he comes or not. 我不在乎他来不来。
③在介词后,只能用whether。
例如:His father is worried about whether he will lose his work.他父亲担心他会失去工作。
④宾语从句放在句首表示强调时,只能用whether。
例如:Whether this is true, I can’t say.这是否属实,我说不上来。
⑤在doubt的否定句(如don't doubt)中,宾语从句用that引导,因为“不怀疑”表示确信,与if/whether表示的“是否(疑虑)”意义矛盾。doubt的肯定句可以用if/whether引导。
例:I doubt if he’ll listen to advice from me, but I’ll give it a go.我怀疑他是不是会听我劝,不过我想试试看。
I do not doubt that the bank acted properly.我毫不怀疑银行的处理方式是妥当的
五、that的省略情况:
that在引导宾语从句时,通常可省略,但在以下几种情况下,that不能省略。
①and连接并列的两个that引导的宾语从句,第一个从句的连词that可省,但第二个从句的连词that一般不可以省略。如:
He told me (that) they could not decide what to do and that they asked my advice.他告诉我他们决定不了去做什么并且问了我的意见。
②that引导的宾语从句作介词宾语时,that不能省略。
如:I know nothing about him except that he is from the south.对他我一无所知,只知道他是南方人。
六、宾语从句否定转移。
当主句的主语为第一人称,谓语动词是think, believe, guess, suppose 等时,要将宾语从句的否定词转移到主句中,即主句的谓语动词用否定形式,而宾语从句的谓语动词用肯定形式。
例句:I don't believe (that) he is lazy.(我相信他不懒)
I don't suppose (that) she will come.(我猜她不会来)
即讲即练
一、单项选择题。
1. Could you tell me ______?
A. where does he live B. where he lives C. where he live D. where did he live
2. I don't know ______ he will come tomorrow.
A. if B. that C. what D. where
3. Our teacher told us that the earth ______ around the sun.
A. goes B. went C. will go D. go
4. I think that he ______ back in three days.
A. comes B. came C. will come D. come
5. He told me ______ he would come and ______ he would bring a gift.
A. /; / B. that; / C. /; that D. that; what
二、用that / if / whether填空
1. I think ______ English is very useful.
2. She wonders ______ we can finish the work on time.
3. I think ______ you are right.
4. I doubt ______ he can finish the work on time.
5. I don't doubt ______ he is honest.
三、完成句子
1. 我相信他会成功的。
I believe that he ______ ______ successful.
2. 他告诉我他昨天生病了。
He told me that he ______ ______ yesterday.
3. 我相信他不会迟到。
I ______ ______ he will be late.
4.“Does he like the movie?” Lisa asked. (改为宾语从句)
Lisa asked ________ ________ ________ the movie.
5.The sun rises from the east. Did Paul know? (合并为一句)
Did Paul know ________ the sun ________ from the east?
◇Part 04 知 识 过 关 练
一、单项选择题
1. We did a science ______ in the lab yesterday.
A. experience B. experiment C. exercise D. excuse
2. If you don't know the word, ______ in the dictionary.
A. look up it B. look it up C. look for it D. look it for
3. Please read the text ______ so that everyone can hear you.
A. aloud B. loud C. loudly D. quiet
4. This blue dress ______ you very well. You look beautiful in it.
A. fits B. suits C. matches D. goes
5. ______, learning English needs patience.
A. In general B. In part C. In addition D. In time
6. Don't put off ______ your homework till tomorrow.
A. do B. to do C. doing D. done
7. I suggest ______ more English movies to improve your listening.
A. watch B. to watch C. watching D. watched
8. Could you tell me ______?
A. where is the hospital B. where the hospital is
C. where was the hospital D. where the hospital was
9. My teacher told me that light ______ faster than sound.
A. travels B. traveled C. will travel D. travel
10. I don't know ______ he will come or not.
A. if B. whether C. that D. what
二、用所给单词的适当形式填空
11. The students are doing ______ (experiment) in the lab.
12. This is an ______ (experiment) teaching method.
13. We should take an ______ (act) part in class activities.
14. We all had an ______ (enjoy) trip last weekend.
15. Can you spell this word ______ (correct)?
16. He has ______ (build) up a large vocabulary.
17. With the teacher's ______ (guide), we made great progress.
18. We need some ______ (addition) time to finish the work.
19. He finished the task ______ (efficient) in half an hour.
20. ______ (recent), more and more people like shopping online.
21. I don't think he ______ (be) right.
三、完成句子
22. 总的来说,这是一次有意义的活动。
______ ______, this is a meaningful activity.
23. 我们应该利用好每一分钟学习。
We should ______ ______ ______ every minute to study.
24. 他偶然在书店发现了这本好书。
He ______ ______ this good book in the bookstore.
25. 我认为他不会来参加聚会。
I ______ ______ he will come to the party.
26. 除了英语,我还喜欢数学。
______ ______ ______ English, I also like math.
27. 阅读能开阔我们的眼界。
Reading can ______ ______ our eyes.
28. 我们必须推迟会议。
We have to ______ ______ the meeting.
◇Part 05 能 力 提 升 练
一、完形填空
阅读下面短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
“I can’t find time to learn English,” Robert says to Frank.
“You can use fragments of time (碎片时间). We have ten 1 before breakfast now. Why not begin?” his brother says.
“Ten minutes. That’s nothing. I must have a run with my dog now,” Robert answers and 2 his dog outside.
After breakfast, the two boys take a bus to school. It takes 3 15 minutes to get there. On their way, Frank begins to remember (记忆) something in English, 4 Robert sings all the way.
“Let’s play 5 !” some friends say after school. Robert runs after those boys. Frank spends (花费) thirty minutes on English in the 6 . Then he plays basketball with the boys. The two boys are tired in the evening and 7 early.
The next day, Frank 8 the answer to the English teacher’s every question. But Robert doesn’t.
“ 9 do you find time to learn English, Frank?” he asks.
“I have 10 minutes before breakfast and 15 minutes on the 10 . I have 30 minutes before the basketball game. I’m trying to use any time,” Frank answers. Robert suddenly realizes (认识到) that fragmented time is so important for English learning. He decides to join Frank and work hard on English.
1.A.times B.minutes C.hours D.days
2.A.calls B.likes C.takes D.drives
3.A.us B.him C.you D.them
4.A.but B.so C.or D.because
5.A.basketball B.football C.ping-pong D.kung fu
6.A.lab B.kitchen C.classroom D.dining hall
7.A.get up B.go to bed C.watch TV D.have breakfast
8.A.knows B.wants C.tells D.speaks
9.A.Where B.Who C.How D.What
10.A.tree B.wall C.table D.bus
二、短文填空
阅读下面短文,在空白处填入一个适当的单词或填入括号内单词的正确形式。
Holly King-Mand is very popular. She is 11 (general) known as the nation’s favourite English teacher. She 12 (teach) thousands of children online. She’s 13 expert in learning English and she has many new special ways. Here she shares the best ways to learn English.
Play Word Games. Holly uses games to teach new words. For example, she plays “Word Bingo”. Students listen 14 English words and mark them on their bingo cards. This way, learning words becomes 15 (excite).
Learn with Songs. She believes songs are great teachers. Holly picks popular English songs. Students learn some new 16 (expression) by singing along. It’s an easy way 17 (memorize) grammar and vocabulary.
Watch and Discuss Movies. Watching English movies is part of 18 (she) class. After watching, students talk 19 the story. They practise 20 (speak) and understand different accents (口音).
Create and Tell Stories. Holly asks students to tell short stories in English. 21 (one), she gives some key words. Then students create their own stories. This helps improve speaking 22 writing skills.
Work Together. In her online classes, students work in 23 (group). They discuss topics like their favourite food or hobbies. Working together makes learning English even 24 (much) interesting.
Holly King-Mand’s ways make English learning easy and 25 (enjoy). So many students love her classes!
三、书面表达
26.假如你是张华,你的好朋友王伟发电子邮件向你请教如何学好英语。请你根据以下要点用英语给他回一封电子邮件。
内容提示:
(1)看英语电影、听英语歌曲,猜测生词意思;
(2)与外教交谈;
(3)把单词写在纸条上,利用纸条记忆单词。
写作要求:
1. 词数应为90个左右(开头已经给出,不计入总词数);
2. 可适当添加细节,使行文连贯;
3. 不得泄露个人信息。
Dear Wang Wei,
I received your email yesterday._____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
These are my suggestions. I hope they are useful to you.
Yours,
Zhang Hua
学科网(北京)股份有限公司
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