Unit1语法讲解及习题：后缀-ment & 现在完成时（Ⅰ）2026～2027学年仁爱科普版九年级上册

本初中英语讲义聚焦后缀-ment名词构词法与现在完成时（Ⅰ）两大核心知识点，系统梳理动词加-ment构成名词的规则及核心词汇，同时详解现在完成时的定义、句式结构、时间副词用法及易混点辨析，搭建词汇扩展与语法学习的递进式支架。 该资料通过核心词汇表、时间副词对比表格等直观呈现知识，结合填空、选择等分层练习及详细解析，助力学生提升语言能力（如词汇转换、时态运用），培养思维品质（易混点辨析）与学习能力（自主查漏补缺），课中辅助教师高效授课，课后帮助学生巩固知识、弥补盲点。

仁爱英语九上Unit1语法讲解及习题： 后缀-ment & 现在完成时（Ⅰ） 一、后缀 -ment 名词构词法 （一）知识点精讲 1. 基本规则 后缀 -ment 加在部分动词末尾，构成对应的名词，含义多为：行为、状态、结果、事物。 基本结构：动词 + ment = 名词 补充拼写特例： ① 以字母e结尾的动词，直接加-ment； ② 少数单词需要去掉末尾不发音的e再加ment（极少，本单元不作重点）； ③ 注意区分：-ment是名词后缀，词性发生转变，动词表动作，名词表动作对应的事物、状态。 2. 核心词汇 动词（v.） 名词（n.，后缀-ment） 中文释义 amuse amusement 娱乐；消遣 improve improvement 改善，改进 achieve achievement 成就，功绩 agree agreement 协议；同意 argue argument 争论，争辩 pay payment 付款，支付 move movement 运动；迁移 develop development 发展，进展 excite excitement 兴奋，喜悦 enjoy enjoyment 乐趣，享受 encourage encouragement 鼓励，激励 3. 例句 (1) Now people can spend their free time in the new amusement park near their community. 如今人们可以在社区附近新建的游乐园度过闲暇时光。 (2) With the improvement of the environment, people now have led a better life than before. 随着环境的改善，人们的生活过得比从前更好。 (3) China has made great achievements in science and technology. 中国在科技领域取得了巨大成就。 (4) We have seen great development in our hometown during these years. 这些年我们见证了家乡巨大的发展。 （二）-ment 专项练习题 1. 用所给动词的适当形式填空 (1) The ________(excite) of travelling around our hometown makes me happy. (2) Reading brings me great ________(enjoy) in my daily life. (3) The rapid ________(develop) of transport changes people’s way of life. (4) Her words gave me plenty of ________(encourage) when I felt upset. (5) We reached an ________(agree) on building a new park in the town. (6) The ________(move) of young people into villages helps rural development. 2. 选词填空，词库：argument /payment/agreement /movement (7) The community reached an ________to make the place a comfortable home for everyone. (8) There is no ________about building a sports center in the small town. (9) After the ________of shutting down polluting factories, my hometown has changed a lot. (10) With the internet, people can make ________faster and easier. 3. 单句改错（划出错误并改正 ） (11) The improve of public transport has changed our daily life. 答案 + 详细解析 (1) excitement 解析：冠词 the 后需要使用名词，动词 excite 变为名词 excitement，意为 “兴奋”。句意：在家乡游玩的喜悦让我十分开心。 (2) enjoyment 解析：形容词 great 后接名词，enjoy→enjoyment 乐趣。 (3) development 解析：rapid（快速的）为形容词，后面修饰名词，develop→development 发展。 (4) encouragement 解析：plenty of 后接名词，encourage→encouragement 鼓励。 (5) agreement 解析：固定搭配 reach an agreement 达成协议。 (6) movement 解析：the 后接名词，move→movement 人口流动。 (7) agreement 固定搭配 reach an agreement 达成共识 (8) argument no argument 没有争议 (9) movement 关停污染工厂这项举措，movement 此处指代行动变化 (10) payment make payment 进行支付 (11) 错误：improve → 改正：improvement 解析：定冠词 the 后面必须使用名词，improve 是动词，对应的名词形式为 improvement。 二、现在完成时（Ⅰ）Present perfect tense (Ⅰ) （一）知识点系统精讲 1. 基本定义 现在完成时连接过去发生的动作和现在的结果，动作发生在过去，但不强调过去具体时间，重点体现：动作对当下造成的影响、状态从过去持续到现在。 本阶段两大核心用法： (1) 过去动作，结果留存到现在； (2) 动作从过去开始，一直持续到此刻。 2. 基本句式结构 (1) 肯定句：主语 + have /has + 动词过去分词 (done) ① 主语为 I /you/we /they/ 复数名词 → 用 have ② 主语为 he /she/it / 单数名词、不可数名词、人名 → 用 has 例：I have seen many great changes in my hometown. 我见证了家乡许许多多的变化。 (2) 否定句：主语 + have /has + not + 过去分词 缩写：haven’t /hasn’t 例：She hasn’t come back from Guangzhou yet. 她还没有从广州回来。 (3) 一般疑问句：Have / Has + 主语 + 过去分词？ 回答：Yes, 主语 + have/has./ No, 主语 + haven’t/hasn’t. 例：Have you seen Xiao Ya recently? 你最近见过小雅吗？ 3. 四大标志性时间副词（必考：already, just, yet, recently） 词汇 用法位置 句式区分 例句 just（刚刚） 助动词 have/has 之后，实义动词前 只用肯定句 Our city has just built new roads. 我们城市刚刚修建了新路。 already（已经） 助动词之后，可放句末 多用于肯定句，疑问句表惊讶 People have already moved into new communities. 人们已经搬进新社区。 yet（尚且，还） 绝大多数置于句尾 否定句、一般疑问句 They haven’t finished the environmental project yet. 他们还没有完成这项环境工程。 recently（最近） 句首或句末，助动词前后均可 肯定、疑问、否定都可以 Have you visited your hometown recently? 你最近回过家乡吗？ 4. 易混辨析：have been to & have gone to (1) have/has been to：曾经去过某地，现在已经返回说话地点 例：I have been to Beijing many times. 我去过北京很多次。 (2) have/has gone to：去往某地，此刻还在目的地，没有回来 例：She has gone to Guangzhou. 她去广州了。 5. 动词过去分词两种变化规则 (1) 规则变化 ① 直接加 ed：work → worked ② 以不发音 e 结尾，直接加 d：move → moved ③ 重读闭音节双写尾字母：stop → stopped ④ 辅音 + y 结尾，变 y 为 i 加 ed：study → studied (2) 不规则变化（高频必背） come-come；see-seen；go-gone；build-built；change-changed；forget-forgotten 6. 例句 (1) I haven’t seen you for a couple of days. 我已经好几天没有见到你了。 (2) A lot of changes have taken place there. 那里发生了许多变化。 (3) She has gone to Guangzhou with her parents. 她和父母去往广州了。 （二）现在完成时专项练习题 1. 根据提示补全表格 用 have/has 以及动词正确形式填空 Adverb Present perfect tense already (1) Many people________ already________ (move) into their new houses. just (2) Our school________ just________ (build) a new gym. yet (3) They________ (not finish) building the road in the park yet. recently (4)________ Bill________ (be) to his hometown recently? (5) No, he________. He________ (go) to London for his summer vacation. 2. 短文填空，使用现在完成时 (6) After ten years, I returned home, and everything ________(change). I walked in the streets and felt like walking in a strange place, and yet, the memories (7)________(remain) the same. This place still holds a piece in my heart. I (8)________(see) the world, (9)________(face) challenges, and (10)________(go) through many experiences, but I (11)________(never forget) my hometown. I started my life from this very place, and now, I (12)________(come) back. 3. 单项选择 (13) —Where is Li Ming? —He________ to his hometown. He will come back next week. A. has been B. has gone C. went D. goes (14) Our city________ lots of new parks already. People’s life becomes better. A. built B. builds C. has built D. will build (15) —\\\\ you________ your old school recently? —Not yet. A. Have; visited B. Did; visit C. Do; visit D. Had; visited (16) I________ never________ the beautiful lake before. I want to take a trip there. A. have; seen B. has; seen C. did; see D. do; see (17) They haven’t finished the survey about life changes________. A. just B. already C. yet D. recently 4. 句型转换 (18) I have already seen the great changes in my hometown.（改为否定句） I________________ the great changes in my hometown________. (19) She has gone to Shanghai.（改为一般疑问句，并作答：没有，她还未回来） (20) People have moved into new communities.（对主语 people 划线提问） 5. 单句改错 (21) He have been to three big cities since last year. _____________________________________________________________________ 6. 汉译英 (22) 近些年，我们的家乡已经发生了巨大的改变。 _____________________________________________________________________ 答案 + 详细解析 1. 表格填空 (1) have; moved 解析：主语 many people 为复数，already 配现在完成时，move 过去分词 moved。 (2) has; built 解析：our school 单数，just 用现在完成时，build 不规则过去分词 built。 (3) haven’t finished 解析：yet 用于否定句，主语 they 复数。 (4) Has; been 解析：recently 现在完成时标志，主语 Bill 单数，be 的过去分词 been。 (5) hasn’t; has gone 解析：否定回答用 hasn’t；have gone to 表示去往某地尚未归来。 2. 短文填空 (6) has changed 主语 everything 单数，一切已经发生改变 (7) have remained memories 复数，记忆一直留存至今 (8) have seen (9) have faced 并列谓语，共用助动词 have (10) have gone (11) have never forgotten never 是现在完成时常考副词 (12) have come 3. 单项选择 (13) 答案：B 解析：后文 “下周才回来” 说明人不在此地，has gone to 去往某地未归；has been to 表示已经归来。 (14) 答案：C 解析：already 是现在完成时标志性词汇，选 has built。 (15) 答案：A 解析：答句 Not yet 是现在完成时标志性回答，问句使用 Have 引导。 (16) 答案：A 解析：never 常用于现在完成时，主语 I 搭配 have。 (17) 答案：C 解析：yet 放在否定句句末，表 “还尚未”。 4. 句型转换 (18) haven’t seen; yet 解析：肯定句变否定，have 变为 haven’t；already 必须替换为 yet 置于句尾。 (19) —Has she gone to Shanghai? —No, she hasn’t. She hasn’t come back yet. 解析：主语 she，将助动词 has 提前；否定回答借助 hasn’t。 (20) Who have moved into new communities? 解析：对人提问用 who，who 作主语，语序和原句保持一致。 5. 改错 (21) 错误：have → 改正：has 解析：主语 he 是第三人称单数，助动词使用 has。 6. 汉译英 (22) Our hometown has already changed greatly in recent years. 解析：in recent years 近些年，为现在完成时标志性时间状语，主语 hometown 单数，谓语使用 has changed。 ( 1 ) 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $