专题09 定语从句（知识清单）（北京专用）2027年高考英语一轮复习讲练测

该高中英语高考复习知识清单系统梳理了定语从句专题，涵盖关系词分类及句法功能、关系词用法两大核心考点，通过知识脑图搭建框架，考点分层突破，优题精练强化实战应用。 清单采用分类分级呈现知识体系，如关系代词和关系副词分类讲解，配口诀助记“从句缺主宾，代词who which that；句子主谓全，副词when where why”，培养学生思维品质。特设易错提醒（如只用that不用which的情况）和真题解析（如2026北京卷语法填空），提升语言能力和学习能力，方便学生自主复习，辅助教师精准教学。

清单09 定语从句 目录导航 01知识脑图·核心脉络搭建——梳理专题框架，搭建知识体系 02考点深研·知能分层突破——深挖高频考点，分层突破重难点 考点一 关系词的分类及句法功能 知识点1 关系词的分类 知识点2 关系词的句法功能 考点二 定语从句的关系词的用法 知识点1 关系代词 知识点2 关系副词 03优题精练·专题实战通关——精选优质试题，强化实战应用 知识脑图·核心脉络搭建 考点深研·知能分层突破 考点1 关系词的分类及句法功能 关系词是引导定语从句、连接主句先行词与定语从句的从属连词，同时在定语从句内部承担一定句子成分；被修饰的名词 / 代词称为先行词。 关系代词：The girl who helped me is my classmate. who：连接主句，同时作从句主语。 关系副词：I remember the day when we met. when：仅连接句子，在从句中作时间状语，从句主谓完整。 知识点1 关系词的分类 定语从句的关系词分为两大类：关系代词、关系副词。 名词后跟修饰句，先分代词与副词； 缺主缺宾用代字，句全需介用副词； 人 who 物 which/that，介词前人 whom 物 which； 时间 when 地点 where，reason 搭配只用 why； 逗号不定人和物，牢记 that 用与弃。 知识点2 关系词的句法功能 一、定语从句关系词（属于从属连词）双重功能 连接功能：搭建主句和定语从句，把修饰先行词的从句和前面名词衔接； 成分担当功能（关键考点） ① 关系代词 who /whom/which /that/whose： 既要连接主从句，同时在定语从句内部充当主语、宾语、定语； 例：The book which I bought is great. which：连接两句，同时作 bought 的宾语。 ② 关系副词 when /where/why： 仅承担连接作用，在从句中作状语（时间 / 地点 / 原因），不充当主谓宾主干。 定从连词双重用，连接还要充成分； 名从连词分三类，无义代词副词分； 状从连词最简单，只表逻辑不占位 考点2定语从句的关系词的用法 知识点1 关系代词 关系代词：who /whom/which /that/whose 既能连接主句与从句，又在定语从句内部充当主语、宾语、定语（主干成分）。 1. who 先行词：人；在从句中作主语 The girl who helped me is my deskmate. 2. whom 先行词：人；在从句中作宾语，可省略；介词后只能用 whom The boy whom you met is a new student. This is the teacher with whom I talked. 3. which 先行词：物；从句作主 / 宾；可引导非限制性定语从句（逗号隔开） The novel which I read is interesting. He passed the exam, which made his mom happy. 4. that 先行词：人 / 物；从句作主 / 宾； ❌ 不能用于：①逗号后非限制性定语从句 ②介词提前后面 All that you said is true. 5. whose（表所属，…… 的） 先行词人 / 物均可，在从句作定语，后面必须接名词 I know the student whose father is a teacher. The house whose window faces south is mine. 关系代词必背特殊规则（北京高频考点） 只用 that，不用 which 的情况： 先行词不定代词 all, everything, nothing, something 等； 先行词既有人又有物； 先行词被最高级、序数词、the only、the very 修饰。 知识点2 关系副词 关系副词：when /where/why 只起连接作用，不在从句充当主 / 宾，只在从句中作状语（时间、地点、原因）； = 介词 + 对应关系代词。 1. when（时间状语） 先行词：time, day, year, moment 等表时间名词； 从句主谓完整，不缺主宾；when = 介词 + which I still remember the day when we first met. = the day on which we first met 2. where（地点 / 抽象地点状语） 先行词：place, school, city, factory；抽象：situation, case, stage 从句主谓完整；where = 介词 + which This is the school where I studied. = the school in which I studied 3. why（原因状语） 先行词只能是 reason；why = for which Tell me the reason why you were late. = the reason for which you were late 把先行词代入后面的定语从句； 若能直接作主语 / 宾语 → 用关系代词 who/whom/which/that； 若需要加介词才能通顺、句子本身主谓齐全 → 用关系副词 when/where/why。 例题 例题① This is the factory ____ we visited last year. 代入：we visited the factory（直接作宾语）→ which/that 例题② This is the factory ____ we worked last year. 代入：we worked in the factory（要加 in）→ where 从句缺主宾，代词 who which that； 句子主谓全，副词 when where why； whose 后面必加名，表人表物都可行； 逗号不用 that，介词后只用 whom/which。 优题精练·专题实战通关 考向01 关系代词 填入一个合适的词 关系代词who/whom/that 1.（2026·北京·语法填空）But it is now challenged by the digitalization of the society which allows everyone ___20___ is connected to the Internet to access learning resources. 【答案】who/that 【解析】考查定语从句的关系词。句意：但如今社会数字化正对这一现状提出挑战，数字化让每一位联网的人都能获取学习资源。句中先行词 everyone 指人，关系词在从句 ____ is connected to the Internet 中充当主语；指人、作主语的关系代词用 who / that。故填who/that。 2.（2024·北京卷·语法填空）Tinniswood, 17 doesn’t smoke and rarely drinks, credited moderation for helping him stay healthy during his long life. 【答案】who 【解析】考查定语从句的关系代词。句意：Tinniswood不吸烟，也很少喝酒，他认为适量饮酒有助于他在长寿期间保持健康。空处引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词Tinniswood，先行词指人，关系词在从句中作主语，应用关系代词who引导从句。故填who。 3. （2026·北京延庆区一模）He Jiaolong, a former deputy mayor of Zhaosu County in Xinjiang ____14____ dedicated herself to boosting local agriculture, became an internet celebrity. 【答案】who/that 【解析】考查定语从句的关系代词。句意：何娇龙是新疆昭苏县的一位前副县长，她致力于推动当地农业发展，后来成为了网络红人。空格处引导定语从句，先行词是He Jiaolong，指人，在从句中作主语，所以用关系代词who或that引导定语从句。故填who/that。 4. （2026·北京通州区一模）Sitting down to enjoy such a meal allows us to honor those ____11____ grew the food and the effort behind it. 【答案】who 【解析】考查定语从句的关系代词。句意：坐下来享用这样一顿饭，让我们能够向种植这些食物的人及其背后的付出致敬。空处引导定语从句，修饰先行词those，指人，关系词在定语从句中作主语，所以空处应用关系代词who引导定语从句。 5. （2026·北京顺义二模）Mollie Ray, a comic artist and author, devotes herself to championing young comic creators. She wants to reach young people ____14____ might not otherwise have access to the arts and give them a voice through comics. 【答案】who/that 【解析】考查定语从句的关系代词。句意：她希望接触到那些原本无法接触艺术的年轻人，并通过漫画为他们提供发声的机会。空格处引导的是限制性定语从句，从句中缺少主语，先行词people是人，因此用关系代词who/that引导定语从句。 关系代词which/that 1. （2026·全国I卷·语法填空）____62Drawn____ (draw) by the aroma (香味) of street food, they line up in front of stands ____63____ serve steaming dumplings and hot noodle soup. 【答案】which/that 【解析】考查定语从句的关系代词。句意同上。此处引导限制性定语从句，stands(摊位)是先行词，关系代词在从句中作主语，应用关系代词that或which引导从句。 2. （2026·全国II卷·语法填空）We move on to tai chi positions, of ____61____ there are forty-two in the style that Angela teaches. 【答案】which 【解析】考查定语从句的关系代词。句意：我们继续学习太极招式，安吉拉教授的这种风格共有四十二式。逗号后为非限制性定语从句，先行词positions，在从句中作介词of的宾语，用关系代词which。 3.（2026·浙江卷·语法填空）The microwave had a loud alarm, but we overshadowed that noise with our own performance, tipping our heads back and shouting into the air-a scream ____41____ always ended in laughter. 【答案】that/which 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：微波炉的警报声很大，但我们用自己的表演掩盖了那个声音，仰起头对着天空大喊——一声尖叫总是以笑声结束。本空引导定语从句，先行词是a scream，指物，关系词代替先行词在定语从句中作主语，应用关系代词that或which引导。故填that/which。 4. （2025·全国I卷）An exhibition at the Jiushi Art Museum in Shanghai is featuring artwork inspired by Go, or weiqi in Chinese, 56 originated in China more than 4,000 years ago. 【答案】which 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：上海久事美术馆正在举办一场展览，展出的艺术品灵感来自围棋（中文称为“围棋”），它起源4000多年前的中国。本空引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词为Go, or weiqi in Chinese，指物，且关系词代替先行词在从句中作主语，所以用关系代词which引导。故填which。 5.（2025·浙江卷）Tanya is also looking beyond special-occasion dresses to less formal clothing, 63 she plans to package as capsule wardrobes and offer to travellers, such as those headed to weddings abroad, with a longer-term rental period. 【答案】which 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：坦尼娅也在关注非正式服装，而不仅仅是特殊场合的礼服，她计划将这些服装打包成胶囊衣橱，提供给旅行者，比如那些前往国外参加婚礼的人，并提供更长期的租赁服务。“____ she plans to package as capsule wardrobes”是非限定性定语从句，修饰先行词less formal clothing，指物，关系词将其代入从句中作宾语，应用关系代词which引导从句。故填which。 6. （2025·北京·语法填空）However, according to a report by the World Wildlife Fund, tourists 18 left (leave) over 1.3 billion tons of food waste last year, 19 accounted for about 8% of the total global gas release in 2024. 【答案】which 【解析】考查定语从句的关系代词。句意：然而，根据世界野生动物基金会的一份报告，去年游客留下了超过13亿吨的食物垃圾，约占2024年全球气体排放总量的8%。此句为非限制性定语从句，先行词是“1.3 billion tons of food waste”，指物，关系词在从句中作主语，用which引导。故填which。 7. （2022·北京卷·语法填空）That includes cups, bottles, and bags, most of ____18____ are only good for one use. 【答案】which 【解析】考查定语从句的关系代词。句意：这包括杯子、瓶子和袋子，其中大多数（东西）只能使用一次。分析可知，most of ______are only good for one use在句中为非限制性定语从句；先行词为cups, bottles, and bags，在从句中作介词of的宾语，所以此处用关系代词which。故填which。 8. （2021·北京卷·语法填空）When you sleep, your brain sorts through everything ____12____ happened during the day，trying to link new experiences to old memories. 【答案】that 【解析】考查定语从句的关系代词。句意：当你睡觉时，你的大脑会整理白天发生的一切，试图将新经历与旧记忆联系起来。分析句子结构可知，空处需用连接词引导定语从句，先行词是不定代词everything，关系词在定语从句中作主语，所以此处需用关系代词that引导定语从句。故填that。 9.（2026·北京昌平区·9月月考）Usually, they have outer surfaces____16____reflect the light, like a butterfly’s wings. 【答案】that/which 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：通常，它们有反射光线的外表面，就像蝴蝶的翅膀。空格处引导的是限制性定语从句，从句中缺少主语，先行词surfaces是物，因此空格处用关系代词that/which。故填that/which。 10. （2026·北京海淀区二模）Scientists have been studying a hidden weapon beneath the ocean to tackle climate change. Seagrass, ____15____ occupies less than 0.2% of the ocean floor, is responsible for storing 10% of the ocean’s carbon. 【答案】which 【解析】考查定语从句的关系代词。句意：海草仅占洋底面积的不足0.2%，却负责储存海洋中10%的碳。先行词为seagrass，指代事物，且引导非限制性定语从句，从句中缺少主语，用which引导。 11.（2026·北京东城·一模）This unexpected event led to the school integrating beekeeping into the course, ____12____ has resulted in notable benefits. 【答案】which 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：这一意外事件促使学校将养蜂纳入课程，这带来了显著的好处。空格处为非限制性定语从句，修饰前面整个句子，关系词代替先行词在从句中作主语，应使用关系代词which引导该从句。故填which。 12.（2026·北京房山区·一模）Personality is the characteristic patterns of thoughts, feelings and behaviour ____14____ make a person unique. 【答案】that/which 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：性格是使一个人与众不同的、具有特征性的思维、情感和行为模式。______make a person unique是关系词引导的定语从句修饰先行词the characteristic patterns of thoughts, feelings and behaviour，先行词是事物名词，所填关系词在该从句中作主语，关系代词that或which符合要求。故填that/which。 13.（2026·北京丰台·期末）They found that the vibrations from the music helped stabilize the fetuses’ heart rates, ____16____ researchers said “could stimulate the development of the fetal autonomic nervous system.” 【答案】16. which 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：他们发现，音乐带来的震动有助于稳定胎儿的心率，研究人员称这可能会促进胎儿自主神经系统的发育。空处为非限制性定语从句，先行词是前面的句子，从句缺少主语，故用关系代词which引导。故填which。 关系代词whose 1. （2026·北京东城·二模）Although each social science focuses on a different aspect of human life, they have much in common. Each builds a body of knowledge ____18____ content consists of general laws, principles, and generalizations describing how facts, trends, and observations are related. 【答案】whose 【解析】考查定语从句的关系代词。句意：每一门社会科学都构建一套知识体系，其内容由描述事实、趋势和观察之间关联的一般规律、原理和归纳结论构成。空处引导定语从句，先行词是a body of knowledge，空格后content与先行词为所属关系，表示“知识体系的内容”，用关系代词whose引导定语从句。 2. （2026·北京西城·二模）Gratitude has a strong positive impact on psychological well-being as well, 16 benefits include increased self-respect, enhanced positive emotions, and a more optimistic outlook on life. 【答案】whose 【解析】考查定语从句的关系代词。句意：感恩对心理健康也有着极大的积极影响，它的好处包括增强自尊、丰富积极情绪以及树立更乐观的人生态度。先行词为 gratitude，空后名词和先行词为所属关系，引导非限制性定语从句。 3. （2026·北京朝阳区二模）One day, there came the owner named May, __12__ rare eye condition prevented her from reading the tiny characters. 【答案】whose 【解析】考查定语从句的关系代词。句意：一天，族谱主人梅前来寻来，她患有罕见眼疾，看不清上面微小的文字。关系词在从句中修饰名词，表所属关系，指代 “她的”，故填 whose。 4.（2026·北京石景山区一模）Thomas, ____19____ own house was flooding, drove back several times to rescue people of the town where he’d grown up, delivering them safely to ____20unfolded____ (unflood) shelters. 【答案】whose 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：托马斯自己的房子被洪水淹没了，他多次开车回去营救他长大的小镇上的人们，将他们安全地送到未被洪水淹没的避难所。此处为非限制性定语从句，先行词为Thomas，从句中缺少定语修饰own house，表示“……的”，应用关系代词whose。故填whose。 5.（2026·北京海淀区期末）In the early winter of southern Hubei, more than a dozen Belt and Road media representatives from different countries arrived in Chibi — an ancient city ____14____ heritage includes both the battlefield memories of the Three Kingdoms and the enduring legacy of tea. 【答案】whose 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：鄂南初冬，十余位来自各国的 “一带一路” 媒体代表到访赤壁 —— 这座古城，其文化遗产既留存着三国古战场的风云记忆，也承载着源远流长的茶文化底蕴。空格后紧跟名词 heritage（遗产），二者是所属关系：the city’s heritage（这座城市的遗产），定语从句中表示 “…… 的”，用关系代词 whose，既可指人也可指物。故填whose。 考向02 关系副词 关系副词where 1. （2026·全国II卷）was born and raised in Cleveland, Ohio in the United States. Yet now, I live in the countryside of Zhejiang, China with my Chinese husband and his family, 56 bamboo and tea bushes (灌木) grow wild in the mountains, chickens are always free-range, and 57 (center) heating doesn’t exist. 【答案】where 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：然而现在，我和我的中国丈夫和他的家人住在中国浙江的农村，在那里山上野生竹子和茶树丛生，鸡总是自由放养的，而且没有集中供暖。本空引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词the countryside of Zhejiang，China，关系词代替先行词在从句中作地点状语，应用关系副词where引导。故填where。 2. （2023·北京卷·语法填空）Nina recently finished her year-long series of runs in Chicago, ____18____ thousands were attending a water conference. 【答案】where 【解析】考查定语从句的关系副词。句意：最近，尼娜在芝加哥结束了长达一年的系列跑步活动，数千人在那里参加了一个水会议。非限制性定语从句修饰先行词Chicago，在从句中作地点状语，故填where。 3. （2026·北京石景山二模）For example, you may find yourself in a job interview ____15____ you’re competing against other applicants. 【答案】where 【解析】考查定语从句的关系副词。句意：例如，你可能会发现自己在求职面试中与其他申请者竞争。空处引导限制性定语从句，先行词为job interview，且关系词在定语从句中作地点状语，所以用关系副词where引导该从句。 4. （2026·北京顺义区一模）He then started a woodworking school, ____15____ the lessons learned over a lifetime are passed on. 【答案】where 【解析】考查定语从句的关系副词。句意：之后，他开办了一所木工学校，在那里传授他一生中所积累的经验。分析句子可知，设空处引导定语从句，先行词是a woodworking school，在从句中作地点状语，用关系副词where引导。故填where。 关系副词when 1. （2026·北京东城期末·语法填空）Some species have started to sing at night, ____16____ noise levels are lower. 【答案】when 【解析】考查定语从句的关系副词。句意：部分物种已改为夜间鸣叫，夜间的噪音水平更低。先行词：night（纯粹表时间的名词：夜晚）,从句结构：____ noise levels are lower, 从句主谓完整，不缺主语、宾语，关系词在从句内部作时间状语,when = at which = at night，意为 “在夜晚这个时候” ，故填when。 2. （2026·北京顺义期末·语法填空）My understanding of friendship was transformed in 2024, ____17____ I met Sam. 【答案】when 【解析】考查定语从句的关系副词。句意：2024 年，我遇见了山姆，从那以后我对友谊的理解彻底改变了。主句：My understanding of friendship was transformed in 2024， 非限制性定语从句：____ I met Sam，先行词：2024（表年份的时间名词），从句 I met Sam 主谓完整，不缺主语、宾语；关系词在从句中充当时间状语，指代 “in 2024”，等价于 in which。指代时间、在从句作时间状语，只能用关系副词 when。故填when。 语法填空 Passage 1 【新情境·个人奋斗】（2025年·海淀·一模）Director Yang Yu, better known as Jiaozi, has spent over a decade enhancing his skills in China’s competitive animation industry. Early in his career, however, he ____11____ (face) constant rejections and financial struggles. His breakthrough came in 2019 with the masterpiece Ne Zha ____12____ proved Chinese animation could rival global giants. To create a follow-up movie, he immersed ____13____ (he) in perfecting storytelling and cutting-edge effects, often working 16-hour days. His journey — from a self-taught artist to a pioneer ____14____ (reshape) an industry — inspires dreamers worldwide: greatness isn’t born overnight, but built through commitment. 【答案】11. faced 12. which/that 13. himself 14. reshaping 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了动画导演饺子（杨宇）的奋斗历程及其对行业的贡献和启示。 【11题详解】 考查动词时态。句意：然而，在他的职业生涯早期，他面临着不断的拒绝和经济上的挣扎。根据句中的Early in his career可知，此处描述的是过去的事情，应用一般过去时，face的过去式为faced，故填faced。 【12题详解】 考查定语从句。句意：他的突破出现在2019年，他的代表作《哪吒》证明了中国动画可以与全球巨头竞争。空处引导限制性定语从句，先行词为Ne Zha，指物，且从句中缺少主语，应用关系代词which或that引导。故填which/that。 【13题详解】 考查代词。句意：为了创作续集，他全身心投入到完善故事和尖端特效中，经常每天工作16个小时。immerse oneself in为固定短语，表示“全身心投入”，此处应用反身代词himself，表示“他自己”。故填himself。 【14题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：他的旅程——从自学成才的艺术家到重塑行业的先驱——激励着全世界的梦想家：伟大不是一夜之间诞生的，而是通过献身建立起来的。句中已有谓语inspires，此处应用非谓语动词作后置定语，修饰pioneer，且pioneer与reshape之间为主动关系，应用现在分词形式。故填reshaping。 Passage 2 【新情境·学校储物柜】（2025年·东城·二模）Lockers have long been a school tradition, but are they still necessary? Some students argue lockers relieve their heavy backpack burdens. They also serve as valuable social spaces ____18____ friendships form. However, more students are using laptops and online content to study and work on assignments, making lockers ____19____ (necessary). So, if schools remove lockers, most of which are very old, more space ____20____ (create) in the hallways. They can use it to display artwork or other creative projects, which will bring students together. 【答案】18. where 19. unnecessary 20. will be created 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章讨论了学校储物柜的必要性及其可能的替代用途。 【18题详解】 考查定语从句。句意：它们也作为宝贵的社交空间，友谊在这里形成。设空处引导限定性定语从句，先行词是spaces，从句中缺少地点状语，表示“在储物柜这个社交空间中形成友谊”，应用关系副词when引导。故填where 【19题详解】 考查形容词。句意：然而，更多学生使用笔记本电脑和在线内容学习，使储物柜变得不必要。根据上下文逻辑，科技手段的普及使储物柜的功能被弱化，应用necessary的反义词unnecessary“不必要的”，作宾语补足语。故填unnecessary。 【20题详解】 考查动词语态。句意：如果学校拆除老旧储物柜，走廊里将创造更多空间。if引导条件状语从句，主句描述未来结果， 且space与create为被动关系，应用一般将来时的被动语态。故填will be created。 Passage 3 【新角度:兴趣与运动】（2025·北京昌平·二模）阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 Research shows that people are more likely to maintain an exercise routine if they enjoy the activities they choose. If the exercise you are doing is not enjoyable, your motivation will gradually decrease. So you need to find 14 interests you. Some gyms offer a taster session before you sign up, 15 can help you get a feel for what a new place might be like. Once you find a style you enjoy, you will be 16 (cheerful) than ever. 【答案】14．what 15．which 16．more cheerful 【导语】这是一篇说明文。研究表明享受运动更易坚持，若运动无趣动力会降，找到兴趣所在并尝试，能让人更快乐。 14．考查宾语从句。句意：所以你需要找到让你感兴趣的事物。“____ interests you”是宾语从句，从句中缺少主语，且表示“……的事物”，应用连接代词what引导。故填what。 15．考查定语从句。句意：一些健身房在你报名之前提供体验课程，这可以帮助你感受新地方是什么样的。这里考查非限制性定语从句，先行词是a taster session，为物，关系词在从句中作主语，所以应用关系代词which引导。故填which。 16．考查形容词比较级。句意：一旦你找到了自己喜欢的运动风格，你会比以往更快乐。根据 than ever可知，此处用形容词比较级，cheerful的比较级是more cheerful。故填more cheerful。 Passage 4 【新角度:跨文化交流】（2026·山东青岛·适应性测试）Being an exchange student, I use my camera to bridge cultures and capture moments from the country I call my second home. Traditional Minnan-style houses, with roofs 56 (distinct) curved and walls time-honored, stood shoulder to shoulder. The 57 (rhythm) calls of free-range chickens provided background music for our shoot, occasionally interrupted by the distant laughter of villagers passing along the paths. What 58 (strike) me most was such plain warmth. A woman rode past with a basketful of leafy greens, her feet barely touching the ground as she slowed 59 (exchange) greetings with neighbors. At the store, the owner, 60 (wear) a gentle smile, wiped his hands carefully before weighing out dried mushrooms 61 regular customers. In that instant, I felt I was carried 3,000 kilometers south to my grandmother’s village. Though the landscape differed, the essence remained unchanged: that familiar village ecosystem 62 shopkeepers remember your favorite childhood treats and 63 (local) catch up on the latest news. This is the China I have come to know. It is not just through its high-rises and express trains, 64 in these pockets of everyday life that ring across cultures. The world stretches wide yet draws near, connected together by the shared 65 (kind). 【答案】 56．distinctly 57．rhythmic/rhythmical 58．struck 59．to exchange 60．wearing 61．for 62．where 63．locals 64．but 65．kindness 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章介绍了作者作为一名交换生，用相机来促进文化交流，记录自己在“第二故乡”的温暖瞬间。 56．考查副词。句意：有着弧度分明的屋顶和历经岁月的墙壁的传统闽南式房屋并肩矗立着。提示词distinct为形容词，该空需要一个副词修饰过去分词curved。故填distinctly。 57．考查形容词。句意：自由放养的鸡群发出有节奏的叫声，为我们的拍摄提供了背景音乐，偶尔还会被沿途村民的远处笑声打断。该空需要一个形容词作定语修饰名词calls，所给词rhythm为名词，其形容词拼写为rhythmic或rhythmical。故填rhythmic/rhythmical。 58．考查谓语动词时态。句意：最让我印象深刻的是这种质朴的温暖。动词strike在what引导的主语从句中作谓语，根据主句时态可知，应使用一般过去时，strike过去式不规则变化，拼写为struck。故填struck。 59．考查非谓语动词。句意：一位妇女骑车经过，篮子里装满了绿叶蔬菜，她的双脚几乎不触地，缓缓停下与邻居们打招呼。as引导的时间状语从句中slowed作谓语，动词exchange在句中作目的状语，应使用动词不定式形式。故填to exchange。 60．考查非谓语动词。句意：在商店里，店主带着温和的笑容，仔细地擦了擦手，然后为常客称量干蘑菇。动词wear在句中作后置定语，与所修饰名词the owner为主动关系，应使用现在分词形式。故填wearing。 61．考查介词。句意：同上。weigh sth. for sb.为固定搭配，意为“为某人称某物”，应填介词for。故填for。 62．考查定语从句。句意：尽管景色有所不同，但本质却毫无变化：那个熟悉的乡村生态系统，那里的店主还记得你儿时最爱的美食，当地人也会交流最新的消息。空处引导限制性定语从句，先行词village ecosystem，在从句中作地点状语，应填关系副词where引导。故填where。 63．考查名词单复数。句意：同上。该空需要一个名词作主语，local为名词兼形容词，作名词意为“当地人，本地人”，是可数名词，谓语动词catch 使用了复数形式，所以主语应该是复数名词。故填locals。 64．考查连词。句意：它不仅通过高楼大厦和快速列车为人所知，还通过这些跨越文化的日常生活片段而为人所知。前面not just意为“不仅仅”，与but (also)连用。故填but。 65．考查名词。句意：世界辽阔无垠却又近在咫尺，因彼此间的善良之情而紧密相连。该空需要一个名词作介词by的宾语，提示词kind为形容词，其名词为kindness。故填kindness。 1 / 19 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 清单09 定语从句 目录导航 01知识脑图·核心脉络搭建——梳理专题框架，搭建知识体系 02考点深研·知能分层突破——深挖高频考点，分层突破重难点 考点一 关系词的分类及句法功能 知识点1 关系词的分类 知识点2 关系词的句法功能 考点二 定语从句的关系词的用法 知识点1 关系代词 知识点2 关系副词 03优题精练·专题实战通关——精选优质试题，强化实战应用 知识脑图·核心脉络搭建 考点深研·知能分层突破 考点1 关系词的分类及句法功能 关系词是引导定语从句、连接主句先行词与定语从句的从属连词，同时在定语从句内部承担一定句子成分；被修饰的名词 / 代词称为先行词。 关系代词：The girl who helped me is my classmate. who：连接主句，同时作从句主语。 关系副词：I remember the day when we met. when：仅连接句子，在从句中作时间状语，从句主谓完整。 知识点1 关系词的分类 定语从句的关系词分为两大类：________、________。 名词后跟修饰句，先分代词与副词； 缺主缺宾用代字，句全需介用副词； 人 who 物 which/that，介词前人 whom 物 which； 时间 when 地点 where，reason 搭配只用 why； 逗号不定人和物，牢记 that 用与弃。 知识点2 关系词的句法功能 一、定语从句关系词（属于从属连词）双重功能 连接功能：搭建主句和定语从句，把修饰先行词的从句和前面名词衔接； 成分担当功能（关键考点） ① 关系代词 who /whom/which /that/whose： 既要连接主从句，同时在定语从句内部充当主语、宾语、定语； 例：The book which I bought is great. which：连接两句，同时作 bought 的宾语。 ② 关系副词 when /where/why： 仅承担连接作用，在从句中作状语（时间 / 地点 / 原因），不充当主谓宾主干。 定从连词双重用，连接还要充成分； 名从连词分三类，无义代词副词分； 状从连词最简单，只表逻辑不占位 考点2定语从句的关系词的用法 知识点1 关系代词 关系代词：who /whom/which /that/whose 既能连接主句与从句，又在定语从句内部充当主语、宾语、定语（主干成分）。 1. who 先行词：人；在从句中作主语 The girl who helped me is my deskmate. 2. whom 先行词：人；在从句中作宾语，可省略；介词后只能用 whom The boy whom you met is a new student. This is the teacher with whom I talked. 3. which 先行词：物；从句作主 / 宾；可引导非限制性定语从句（逗号隔开） The novel which I read is interesting. He passed the exam, which made his mom happy. 4. that 先行词：人 / 物；从句作主 / 宾； ❌ 不能用于：①逗号后非限制性定语从句 ②介词提前后面 All that you said is true. 5. whose（表所属，…… 的） 先行词人 / 物均可，在从句作定语，后面必须接名词 I know the student whose father is a teacher. The house whose window faces south is mine. 关系代词必背特殊规则（北京高频考点） 只用 that，不用 which 的情况： 先行词不定代词 all, everything, nothing, something 等； 先行词既有人又有物； 先行词被最高级、序数词、the only、the very 修饰。 知识点2 关系副词 关系副词：when /where/why 只起连接作用，不在从句充当主 / 宾，只在从句中作状语（时间、地点、原因）； = 介词 + 对应关系代词。 1. when（时间状语） 先行词：time, day, year, moment 等表时间名词； 从句主谓完整，不缺主宾；when = 介词 + which I still remember the day when we first met. = the day on which we first met 2. where（地点 / 抽象地点状语） 先行词：place, school, city, factory；抽象：situation, case, stage 从句主谓完整；where = 介词 + which This is the school where I studied. = the school in which I studied 3. why（原因状语） 先行词只能是 reason；why = for which Tell me the reason why you were late. = the reason for which you were late 把先行词代入后面的定语从句； 若能直接作主语 / 宾语 → 用关系代词 who/whom/which/that； 若需要加介词才能通顺、句子本身主谓齐全 → 用关系副词 when/where/why。 例题 例题① This is the factory ____ we visited last year. 代入：we visited the factory（直接作宾语）→ which/that 例题② This is the factory ____ we worked last year. 代入：we worked in the factory（要加 in）→ where 从句缺主宾，代词 who which that； 句子主谓全，副词 when where why； whose 后面必加名，表人表物都可行； 逗号不用 that，介词后只用 whom/which。 优题精练·专题实战通关 考向01 关系代词 填入一个合适的词 关系代词who/whom/that 1.（2026·北京·语法填空）But it is now challenged by the digitalization of the society which allows everyone ___20___ is connected to the Internet to access learning resources. 2.（2024·北京卷·语法填空）Tinniswood, 17 doesn’t smoke and rarely drinks, credited moderation for helping him stay healthy during his long life. 3. （2026·北京延庆区一模）He Jiaolong, a former deputy mayor of Zhaosu County in Xinjiang ____14____ dedicated herself to boosting local agriculture, became an internet celebrity. 4. （2026·北京通州区一模）Sitting down to enjoy such a meal allows us to honor those ____11____ grew the food and the effort behind it. 5. （2026·北京顺义二模）Mollie Ray, a comic artist and author, devotes herself to championing young comic creators. She wants to reach young people ____14____ might not otherwise have access to the arts and give them a voice through comics. 关系代词which/that 1. （2026·全国I卷·语法填空）____62Drawn____ (draw) by the aroma (香味) of street food, they line up in front of stands ____63____ serve steaming dumplings and hot noodle soup. 2. （2026·全国II卷·语法填空）We move on to tai chi positions, of ____61____ there are forty-two in the style that Angela teaches. 3.（2026·浙江卷·语法填空）The microwave had a loud alarm, but we overshadowed that noise with our own performance, tipping our heads back and shouting into the air-a scream ____41____ always ended in laughter. 4. （2025·全国I卷）An exhibition at the Jiushi Art Museum in Shanghai is featuring artwork inspired by Go, or weiqi in Chinese, 56 originated in China more than 4,000 years ago. 5.（2025·浙江卷）Tanya is also looking beyond special-occasion dresses to less formal clothing, 63 she plans to package as capsule wardrobes and offer to travellers, such as those headed to weddings abroad, with a longer-term rental period. 6. （2025·北京·语法填空）However, according to a report by the World Wildlife Fund, tourists 18 left (leave) over 1.3 billion tons of food waste last year, 19 accounted for about 8% of the total global gas release in 2024. 7. （2022·北京卷·语法填空）That includes cups, bottles, and bags, most of ____18____ are only good for one use. 8. （2021·北京卷·语法填空）When you sleep, your brain sorts through everything ____12____ happened during the day，trying to link new experiences to old memories. 9.（2026·北京昌平区·9月月考）Usually, they have outer surfaces____16____reflect the light, like a butterfly’s wings. 10. （2026·北京海淀区二模）Scientists have been studying a hidden weapon beneath the ocean to tackle climate change. Seagrass, ____15____ occupies less than 0.2% of the ocean floor, is responsible for storing 10% of the ocean’s carbon. 11.（2026·北京东城·一模）This unexpected event led to the school integrating beekeeping into the course, ____12____ has resulted in notable benefits. 12.（2026·北京房山区·一模）Personality is the characteristic patterns of thoughts, feelings and behaviour ____14____ make a person unique. 13.（2026·北京丰台·期末）They found that the vibrations from the music helped stabilize the fetuses’ heart rates, ____16____ researchers said “could stimulate the development of the fetal autonomic nervous system.” 关系代词whose 1. （2026·北京东城·二模）Although each social science focuses on a different aspect of human life, they have much in common. Each builds a body of knowledge ____18____ content consists of general laws, principles, and generalizations describing how facts, trends, and observations are related. 2. （2026·北京西城·二模）Gratitude has a strong positive impact on psychological well-being as well, 16 benefits include increased self-respect, enhanced positive emotions, and a more optimistic outlook on life. 3. （2026·北京朝阳区二模）One day, there came the owner named May, __12__ rare eye condition prevented her from reading the tiny characters. 4.（2026·北京石景山区一模）Thomas, ____19____ own house was flooding, drove back several times to rescue people of the town where he’d grown up, delivering them safely to ____20unfolded____ (unflood) shelters. 5.（2026·北京海淀区期末）In the early winter of southern Hubei, more than a dozen Belt and Road media representatives from different countries arrived in Chibi — an ancient city ____14____ heritage includes both the battlefield memories of the Three Kingdoms and the enduring legacy of tea. 考向02 关系副词 关系副词where 1. （2026·全国II卷）was born and raised in Cleveland, Ohio in the United States. Yet now, I live in the countryside of Zhejiang, China with my Chinese husband and his family, 56 bamboo and tea bushes (灌木) grow wild in the mountains, chickens are always free-range, and 57 (center) heating doesn’t exist. 2. （2023·北京卷·语法填空）Nina recently finished her year-long series of runs in Chicago, ____18____ thousands were attending a water conference. 3. （2026·北京石景山二模）For example, you may find yourself in a job interview ____15____ you’re competing against other applicants. 4. （2026·北京顺义区一模）He then started a woodworking school, ____15____ the lessons learned over a lifetime are passed on. 关系副词when 1. （2026·北京东城期末·语法填空）Some species have started to sing at night, ____16____ noise levels are lower. 2. （2026·北京顺义期末·语法填空）My understanding of friendship was transformed in 2024, ____17____ I met Sam. 语法填空 Passage 1 【新情境·个人奋斗】（2025年·海淀·一模）Director Yang Yu, better known as Jiaozi, has spent over a decade enhancing his skills in China’s competitive animation industry. Early in his career, however, he ____11____ (face) constant rejections and financial struggles. His breakthrough came in 2019 with the masterpiece Ne Zha ____12____ proved Chinese animation could rival global giants. To create a follow-up movie, he immersed ____13____ (he) in perfecting storytelling and cutting-edge effects, often working 16-hour days. His journey — from a self-taught artist to a pioneer ____14____ (reshape) an industry — inspires dreamers worldwide: greatness isn’t born overnight, but built through commitment. Passage 2 【新情境·学校储物柜】（2025年·东城·二模）Lockers have long been a school tradition, but are they still necessary? Some students argue lockers relieve their heavy backpack burdens. They also serve as valuable social spaces ____18____ friendships form. However, more students are using laptops and online content to study and work on assignments, making lockers ____19____ (necessary). So, if schools remove lockers, most of which are very old, more space ____20____ (create) in the hallways. They can use it to display artwork or other creative projects, which will bring students together. Passage 3 【新角度:兴趣与运动】（2025·北京昌平·二模）阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 Research shows that people are more likely to maintain an exercise routine if they enjoy the activities they choose. If the exercise you are doing is not enjoyable, your motivation will gradually decrease. So you need to find 14 interests you. Some gyms offer a taster session before you sign up, 15 can help you get a feel for what a new place might be like. Once you find a style you enjoy, you will be 16 (cheerful) than ever. Passage 4 【新角度:跨文化交流】（2026·山东青岛·适应性测试）Being an exchange student, I use my camera to bridge cultures and capture moments from the country I call my second home. Traditional Minnan-style houses, with roofs 56 (distinct) curved and walls time-honored, stood shoulder to shoulder. The 57 (rhythm) calls of free-range chickens provided background music for our shoot, occasionally interrupted by the distant laughter of villagers passing along the paths. What 58 (strike) me most was such plain warmth. A woman rode past with a basketful of leafy greens, her feet barely touching the ground as she slowed 59 (exchange) greetings with neighbors. At the store, the owner, 60 (wear) a gentle smile, wiped his hands carefully before weighing out dried mushrooms 61 regular customers. In that instant, I felt I was carried 3,000 kilometers south to my grandmother’s village. Though the landscape differed, the essence remained unchanged: that familiar village ecosystem 62 shopkeepers remember your favorite childhood treats and 63 (local) catch up on the latest news. This is the China I have come to know. It is not just through its high-rises and express trains, 64 in these pockets of everyday life that ring across cultures. The world stretches wide yet draws near, connected together by the shared 65 (kind). 1 / 19 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $