内容正文:
Unit 2 Getting along — 暑假预习讲义
01 课前导学
关键词
内容
学习目标
1. 能够正确运用现在完成时与 for / since 结构表达从过去持续到现在的动作或状态。
2. 能够掌握与人际交往相关的核心词汇和短语。
3. 能够理解并运用 now that 引导的原因状语从句。
4. 能够读懂故事类文本(如《自私的巨人》),理解分享与包容的意义。
学习重点
1. 现在完成时与 for / since 的搭配用法。
2. 情态动词 should / shouldn’t 表示建议。
3. 反身代词的用法。
4. 人际交往主题的核心词汇与短语。
学习难点
1. for + 时间段 与 since + 时间点 / 从句的区分。
2. 现在完成时中延续性动词与终止性动词的用法。
3. 现在完成时与一般过去时的时态切换(谈论经历时)。
02 核心词汇预览
情感与品质类
单词
音标
词性
中文
lonely
/ˈləʊnli/
adj.
孤独的
generous
/ˈdʒenərəs/
adj.
慷慨的
selfish
/ˈselfɪʃ/
adj.
自私的
patient
/ˈpeɪʃnt/
adj.
耐心的
understanding
/ˌʌndəˈstændɪŋ/
n.
理解
stressed
/strest/
adj.
焦虑的,紧张的
glad
/ɡlæd/
adj.
高兴的,开心的
afraid
/əˈfreɪd/
adj.
害怕的,恐惧的
社交行为类
单词
音标
词性
中文
communicate
/kəˈmjuːnɪkeɪt/
v.
沟通
apologize / apologise
/əˈpɒlədʒaɪz/
v.
道歉
forgive
/fəˈɡɪv/
v.
原谅
argue
/ˈɑːɡjuː/
v.
争吵
respect
/rɪˈspekt/
v.
尊重
trust
/trʌst/
v./n.
信任
offer
/ˈɒfə/
v.
提供,给予
return
/rɪˈtɜːn/
v.
返回,归还
故事与寓言类
单词
音标
词性
中文
giant
/ˈdʒaɪənt/
n.
巨人
selfish
/ˈselfɪʃ/
adj.
自私的
message
/ˈmesɪdʒ/
n.
寓意,要旨
priceless
/ˈpraɪsləs/
adj.
无价的,极其贵重的
03 核心短语预览
人际关系类
短语
中文
get along with sb
与某人和睦相处
make friends
交朋友
keep in touch
保持联系
be honest with
对……诚实
care about
关心
feel left out
感到被冷落
故事与寓言类
短语
中文
knock down
摧毁,拆毁
in a very angry voice
用非常生气的声音
since then
从那时起
for a while
一会儿
at last
最终,终于
解决冲突类
短语
中文
work things out
解决问题
reach an agreement
达成协议
argue over
就……争论
give up
放弃
ask for advice
寻求建议
04 重点句型预览
句型
中文
The Giant has been away for a long time.
巨人已经离开很长一段时间了。
Since then, he hasn’t seen a child there.
从那时起,他在那里再也没见过孩子。
But spring never comes, nor summer.
但是春天从未来过,夏天也没有。
Now I know why spring wouldn’t come here.
现在我知道春天为什么不会来这里了。
How selfish I’ve been!
我真是太自私了!
No one is an island.
没有人是一座孤岛。
Remember this and you will go a long way in getting along with people.
记住这一点,你就能在与人相处方面走得很远。
Shared joy is a double joy.
分享的快乐是双倍的快乐。
05 语法精讲与考点梳理
考点1:现在完成时 with for / since
【定义】现在完成时与 for / since 连用,表示从过去某一时刻开始一直持续到现在的动作或状态。这是本单元的核心语法点。
【适用场景/用法分类】
for + 时间段:表示动作持续了多长时间(强调“有多久”)
since + 时间点 / 从句:表示动作从哪个时间点开始(强调“从何时起”)
【结构公式】
for + 一段时间(如:for 10 years, for three days, for a long time)
since + 时间点(如:since 2010, since last week, since Grade 3)
since + 一般过去时从句(如:since he was born)
【要点详解】
for 后接时间段,表示动作持续了多长时间。
since 后接时间点或过去时从句,表示动作从那个时间开始。
主句谓语必须用延续性动词(如 live, know, have, be)。
终止性动词(如 buy, die, leave)不能与 for / since 连用,需换成相应的延续性表达。
⚠️ 常见错误:He has bought the car for 3 years. ❌(buy 是终止性动词)
✅ 应改为:He has had the car for 3 years.
【例句】
✅ The Giant has been away for a long time.
✅ Since then, he hasn’t seen a child there.
✅ We have been friends since Grade 3.
✅ Uncle Jimmy has sold ice creams for the past 17 years.
❌ I have come here for two days.(come 是终止性动词,应改为 have been here)
【口诀】
for 后接段时间,since 后接点时间;
since 还能接从句,过去时态在里边;
动词要用延续性,短暂动词不能连。
【练习1】The Giant ______ away for a long time.
A. has been B. has gone C. went D. was
【答案】 A
【详解】 句意:巨人已经离开了很长一段时间。本空考查现在完成时与 for 连用。for a long time 表示时间段,谓语要用延续性动词 has been。has gone 表示“去了未回”,不能与 for 连用。故选 A。
【练习2】We have been friends ______ Grade 3.
【答案】 since
【详解】 句意:我们从三年级起就是朋友了。本空考查since 的用法。Grade 3 是时间点,用 since。故填 since。
考点2:延续性动词与终止性动词
【定义】在现在完成时与 for / since 连用时,谓语动词必须是延续性动词(能持续的动作或状态),终止性动词(瞬间完成的动作)不能与时间段连用。
【适用场景/用法分类】
终止性动词
延续性表达
含义
buy
have / has had
买→拥有
borrow
have / has kept
借→保存
leave
have / has been away
离开→不在
die
have / has been dead
死→死了
join
have / has been in
加入→在……里
come / go
have / has been in / at
来/去→在……
【要点详解】
终止性动词表示动作在瞬间完成,不能持续。
与 for / since 连用时,必须换成相应的延续性表达。
⚠️ 终止性动词的否定式可以延续(如:I haven’t seen him for two years.)
【例句】
✅ The Giant has been away for a long time.(用 been away,不用 left)
✅ I have had this bike for three years.(用 have had,不用 bought)
✅ He has been dead for five years.(用 been dead,不用 died)
❌ He has died for five years.(died 是终止性动词)
【练习1】He ______ this bike for three years.
A. has bought B. has had C. bought D. is buying
【答案】 B
【详解】 句意:他拥有这辆自行车三年了。本空考查延续性动词与 for 连用。for three years 表示时间段,不能用终止性动词 bought,应用延续性表达 has had。故选 B。
考点3:情态动词 should / shouldn’t
【定义】should 和 shouldn’t 用于表示建议、劝告或责任,意为“应该/不应该”。
【适用场景/用法分类】
should + 动词原形:表示建议或义务(“应该”)
shouldn’t + 动词原形:表示否定建议(“不应该”)
【结构公式】
主语 + should / shouldn’t + 动词原形 + 其他.
【例句】
✅ You should talk to your friend.
✅ You shouldn’t ignore others.
✅ You should apologize if you are wrong.
【练习1】You ______ talk to your friend about your feelings.
A. should B. could C. would D. must
【答案】 A
【详解】 句意:你应该和你的朋友谈谈你的感受。本空考查should 表示建议。表示“应该”用 should。故选 A。
考点4:反身代词
【定义】反身代词表示“某人自己”,用于强调动作的执行者就是承受者。
【适用场景/用法分类】
用于宾语:动作执行者是自己(I hurt myself.)
用于强调:强调主语本人(She did it herself.)
【反身代词一览表】
人称
单数
复数
第一人称
myself
ourselves
第二人称
yourself
yourselves
第三人称
himself / herself / itself
themselves
【例句】
✅ I hurt myself.(宾语,动作指向自己)
✅ She did it herself.(强调,她自己做的)
✅ They solved the problem themselves.
【练习1】She did it ______.
A. herself B. herself C. herself D. herself
【答案】 A
【详解】 句意:她自己做的。本空考查反身代词表示强调。She 对应的反身代词是 herself。故选 A。
考点5:核心词汇精讲
1. get along with /ɡet əˈlɒŋ wɪð/ 与某人和睦相处
【用法】相当于 get on with sb.
【例句】
✅ It’s important to learn how to get along with your classmates at school.
✅ Do you get along well with your friends?
2. since then /sɪns ðen/ 从那时起
【用法】时间状语,常与现在完成时连用。
【例句】
✅ Since then, he hasn’t seen a child there.
✅ Since then, we have been best friends.
3. knock down /nɒk daʊn/ 摧毁,拆毁
【用法】及物动词短语,后接宾语。
【例句】
✅ The Giant knocked down the wall of his garden.
✅ They are going to knock down the old building.
4. How + 形容词 + 主语 + 谓语! 感叹句
【用法】强调形容词的程度,表示强烈的情感。
【例句】
✅ How selfish I’ve been!
✅ How beautiful the flowers are!
5. nor /nɔː/ conj. 也不
【用法】用于否定句后,连接另一个否定句,表示“……也不”。句子需倒装。
【例句】
✅ But spring never comes, nor summer.
✅ He doesn’t like coffee, nor do I.
06 重点归纳
一、现在完成时 for / since 用法对比
结构
用法
例句
for + 时间段
持续了多长时间
He has been away for 3 years.
since + 时间点
从某个时间起
He has been away since 2020.
since + 一般过去时从句
从某个动作发生时起
He has been away since he left.
二、现在完成时标志词
标志词
用法
for + 时间段
持续多长时间
since + 时间点
自从……以来
already
已经(肯定句)
yet
已经/还(否定句/疑问句)
just
刚刚
ever
曾经(疑问句)
never
从不
三、本单元核心短语总结
短语
中文
get along with
与……和睦相处
since then
从那时起
knock down
摧毁,拆毁
reach an agreement
达成协议
argue over
就……争论
in return
作为回报
in a very angry voice
用非常生气的声音
四、易错点
易错点
正确
错误
延续性动词
I have had it for 3 years.
I have bought it for 3 years.
for / since
I have lived here for 10 years. / I have lived here since 2015.
I have lived here since 10 years.
nor 倒装
nor summer
nor summer comes
should 后接动词
You should talk.
You should to talk.
07 过关检测
一、单项选择(共10题)
1. The Giant ______ away for a long time.
A. has been B. has gone C. went D. was
2. Since then, he ______ a child there.
A. hasn’t seen B. didn’t see C. doesn’t see D. won’t see
3. We have been friends ______ Grade 3.
A. for B. since C. from D. after
4. He ______ this bike for three years.
A. has bought B. has had C. bought D. is buying
5. You ______ talk to your friend about your feelings.
A. should B. could C. would D. must
6. She did it ______.
A. her B. herself C. hers D. she
7. But spring never comes, ______ summer.
A. or B. nor C. and D. but
8. ______ selfish I’ve been!
A. What B. What a C. How D. How a
9. It’s important to learn how to ______ your classmates.
A. get along with B. get up with
C. get on to D. get away with
10. They solved the problem ______.
A. they B. them C. themselves D. their
二、用所给词的适当形式填空(共8题)
1. The Giant ______ (be) away for a long time.
2. We ______ (be) friends since Grade 3.
3. He ______ (have) this bike for three years.
4. I ______ (not see) him since last year.
5. She did it ______ (her).
6. How selfish I ______ (be)!
7. They ______ (solve) the problem themselves.
8. Uncle Jimmy ______ (sell) ice creams for 17 years.
三、完成句子(共6题)
1. 巨人已经离开很长时间了。
The Giant ______ ______ away for a long time.
2. 从那时起,他再也没见过孩子。
______ ______, he hasn’t seen a child.
3. 我们从三年级起就是朋友了。
We ______ ______ friends ______ Grade 3.
4. 你本应该和你的朋友谈谈。
You ______ talk to your friend.
5. 我真是太自私了!
______ selfish I ______ been!
6. 春天从未来过,夏天也没有。
Spring never comes, ______ summer.
参考答案
一、单项选择
1. A【详解】for a long time 与现在完成时连用,用 has been away。故选 A。
2. A【详解】Since then 提示现在完成时。故选 A。
3. B【详解】Grade 3 是时间点,用 since。故选 B。
4. B【详解】for three years 不能用终止性动词 bought,应用 has had。故选 B。
5. A【详解】表示“应该”用 should。故选 A。
6. B【详解】反身代词 herself 表示强调。故选 B。
7. B【详解】nor 表示“也不”。故选 B。
8. C【详解】How + 形容词 + 主语 + 谓语!故选 C。
9. A【详解】get along with 表示“与……相处”。故选 A。
10. C【详解】themselves 反身代词表示强调。故选 C。
二、用所给词的适当形式填空
1. has been(for a long time 与现在完成时连用)
2. have been(since Grade 3 与现在完成时连用)
3. has had(for three years 用延续性表达)
4. haven’t seen(since last year 与现在完成时连用)
5. herself(反身代词)
6. have been(现在完成时)
7. solved(一般过去时)
8. has sold(for 17 years 与现在完成时连用)
三、完成句子
1. has been(现在完成时,延续性)
2. Since then(固定短语)
3. have been; since(现在完成时 + since)
4. should(表示建议)
5. How; have(感叹句 + 现在完成时)
6. nor(表示“也不”)
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