Unit 8 复习讲义 2026-2027学年人教版英语九年级上册

本讲义聚焦初中英语核心词汇（如fair、medal、relay等）的词族拓展、用法辨析，结合短语（neither...nor...、take part in等）及主谓一致语法，通过“词族-用法-辨析-练习”的学习支架，构建从词汇积累到语法应用再到综合训练的递进学习脉络。 资料特色在于融合词族拓展与语境辨析（如fair与just的规则道德层面对比），通过对比练习（如neither...nor...就近原则）培养思维品质，分层练习（词汇、语法、综合）提升语言能力与学习能力。课中辅助教师系统授课，课后助力学生巩固查漏，体现情境化教学的学科特色。

词族拓展： fairlyadv.公平地；相当地The teacher treated all students fairly. 老师公平地对待所有学生。 unfairadj.不公平的It is unfair to judge people by their appearance. 以貌取人是不公平的。 fairnessn.公平We should treat everyone with fairness. 我们应该公平地对待每个人。 用法：fair play（公平竞争）；be fair to sb.（对某人公平）；it's fair to say that...（可以公平地说……）。 反义：unfair（不公平的）。 辨析：fair = 公平的（规则层面）；just = 正义的（道德层面）。 Fair play is the most important spirit in sports. 公平竞争是体育中最重要的精神。 /ˈmedl/ 奖牌；勋章 用法：gold medal（金牌）；silver medal（银牌）；bronze medal（铜牌）。 搭配：win a medal（赢得奖牌）；award a medal to sb.（授予某人奖牌）。 辨析：medal = 奖牌（体育/军事）；prize = 奖品/奖金；award = 奖项（荣誉性）。 He won a gold medal in the Olympics. 他在奥运会上获得了一枚金牌。 /ˈriːleɪ/ 接力赛；转递 用法：relay race（接力赛）；relay baton（接力棒）；the 4×100m relay（4×100米接力）。 引申：relay 也可作动词，relay a message = 传递信息。 Our team won the relay race through perfect teamwork. 我们队通过完美的团队合作赢得了接力赛。 /dʒʌdʒ/ 裁判；评判 词族拓展： judgmentn.判断；评判You should trust your own judgment. 你应该相信自己的判断。 judgingn.评判Judging by his accent, he is from the south. 从口音判断，他是南方人。 用法：作名词指"裁判/法官"；作动词指"评判/判断"。judge by/from = 根据……判断。 辨析：judge = 裁判（比赛中）；referee = 裁判（足球/篮球等）；umpire = 裁判（网球/棒球等）。 The judge awarded her full marks for the performance. 裁判给她的表演打了满分。 /ˈnaɪðə/ 两者都不 用法： ①neither of + 复数名词/代词 → 谓语用单数 ②neither...nor... = 既不……也不…… → 谓语遵循就近原则 ③neither 单独使用 = 两者都不 辨析：neither = 两者都不；either = 两者中任一；both = 两者都；none = 三者及以上都不。 Neither team won the game. They tied. 两个队都没赢，他们打平了。 /ˈspɪrɪt/ 精神；心灵 词族拓展： spiritedadj.精神饱满的The spirited debate lasted for two hours. 这场激烈的辩论持续了两个小时。 spiritualadj.精神的；心灵的Music has a spiritual power that touches the soul. 音乐有一种触动灵魂的精神力量。 用法：the Olympic spirit（奥运精神）；team spirit（团队精神）；in good spirits（心情好）。 辨析：spirit = 精神/心灵；soul = 灵魂；mind = 思维/头脑。 The spirit of the Olympics is "faster, higher, stronger." 奥运精神是"更快、更高、更强"。 /ˈkʌrɪdʒ/ 勇气；胆量 词族拓展： courageousadj.勇敢的The courageous firefighter saved three people. 那位勇敢的消防员救了三个人。 encouragev.鼓励My teacher encouraged me to enter the competition. 我的老师鼓励我参加比赛。 discouragev.使泄气；阻止Bad weather didn't discourage us from going out. 恶劣天气没有阻止我们出门。 用法：have the courage to do sth. = 有勇气做某事；lose courage = 失去勇气；take courage = 鼓起勇气。 辨析：courage = 勇气（面对困难/危险）；bravery = 勇敢（实际行动）；nerve = 胆量/魄力。 It takes courage to admit that you have made a mistake. 承认自己犯了错误需要勇气。 ✏️ 词汇练习 Our team won the ______ ______ (compete) at the sports meeting. She became the ______ ______ (champion) of the 100-meter race. ______ ______ (fair) play is very important in sports. He won a gold ______ ______ (medal) in the Olympics. The ______ ______ (judge) gave her full marks. It takes ______ ______ (courageous) to face difficulties. Neither of the answers ______ ______ (be) correct. ✏️ 词汇练习三：单项选择 Neither he nor I ______ a basketball player.A. am　B. is　C. are　D. be Over 200 students ______ the sports meeting.A. took part in　B. joined　C. attended　D. joined in A true champion never ______, even when losing.A. gives up　B. gives in　C. gives away　D. gives out We are ______ our team's performance.A. proud of　B. pride of　C. proud in　D. pride in Our team ______ in the first half but caught up later.A. fell behind　B. fell down　C. fell off　D. fell over 【参考答案】 1. A（就近原则，I → am）2. A（take part in 参加活动）3. A（give up 放弃）4. A（be proud of 为…骄傲）5. A（fall behind 落后） 短语详解 neither...nor... neither...nor... = 既不……也不…… 用法：连接两个并列成分。当连接两个主语时，谓语动词遵循"就近原则"（与最近的主语一致）。 辨析：neither A nor B（两者都不）；either A or B（要么A要么B）；both A and B（A和B都）；not only A but also B（不但A而且B）。后三者也遵循就近原则。 Neither Tom nor his teammates won the game. 汤姆和他的队友们都没有赢得比赛。 take part in take part in = 参加（活动） 辨析：take part in = 参加（活动/运动，强调积极参与）；join = 加入（组织/团体）；join in = 参加（小规模活动）；attend = 出席（会议/课程）。 例：take part in the sports meeting / join the club / attend the meeting Over 200 students took part in the sports meeting. 200多名学生参加了运动会。 give up give up = 放弃 用法：give up sth. / give up doing sth. = 放弃做某事。 反义：hold on（坚持）；keep going（继续前进）；stick to（坚持）。 拓展：give in = 屈服/让步；give away = 赠送/泄露；give out = 分发/耗尽。 A true champion never gives up, even when losing. 真正的冠军即使落后也永不放弃。 cheer for cheer for = 为……加油/欢呼 用法：cheer for sb. = 为某人加油；cheer sb. on = 给某人鼓劲。 拓展：cheer up = 振作起来；cheerleader = 啦啦队长。 The crowd cheered for their team loudly. 观众大声为自己的队伍加油。 be proud of be proud of = 为……感到骄傲 同义：take pride in。 拓展：pride n. 骄傲；proudly adv. 自豪地。 例：We are proud of our team. / We take pride in our team. We are proud of our team's performance. 我们为队伍的表现感到骄傲。 fall behind fall behind = 落后；落在后面 用法：fall behind sb. = 落后于某人；fall behind in sth. = 在某方面落后。 反义：take the lead（领先）；catch up with（追上）；keep up with（跟上）。 Our team fell behind in the first half but caught up later. 我们队上半场落后但后来追上了。 短语巩固练习 ✏️ 练习一：用方框中短语的适当形式填空 ______ Tom ______ his teammates won the game. Over 200 students ______ the sports meeting. A true champion never ______, even when losing. The crowd ______ their team loudly. We ______ our team's performance. Our team ______ in the first half but caught up later. neither...nor...　take part in　give up　cheer for　be proud of　fall behind 【参考答案】 1. Neither; nor2. took part in3. gives up4. cheered for5. are proud of6. fell behind ✏️ 练习二：单项选择 Either you or he ______ right.A. is　B. are　C. am　D. be Not only the students but also the teacher ______ the game.A. enjoy　B. enjoys　C. enjoying　D. enjoyed He ______ the basketball club last year.A. took part in　B. joined　C. attended　D. joined in Cheer ______! Things will get better.A. on　B. up　C. for　D. at He ran faster to ______ the others.A. catch up with　B. fall behind　C. take the lead　D. give up 【参考答案】 1. A（就近原则，he → is）2. B（就近原则，teacher → enjoys）3. B（join 加入组织/团体）4. B（cheer up 振作起来）5. A（catch up with 追上） 语法精讲 一、主谓一致——就近原则 就近原则：谓语动词与最近的主语保持一致。 口诀：就近原则看后面，靠近谁就跟谁变。 ⚠️ 注意：Neither Tom nor his friends are here.（靠近 friends，用 are） Neither his friends nor Tom is here.（靠近 Tom，用 is） 二、主谓一致——就远原则 就远原则：谓语动词与较远的主语（即主要主语）保持一致。 口诀：with, as well as, besides, 插在中间不参与，谓语跟着主语走。 ⚠️ 注意：The coach, as well as the players, was happy.（谓语与 coach 一致，用 was） 三、主谓一致——语法一致 & 意义一致 核心规则： ① each, every, one, nobody, someone, anyone, everybody 作主语 → 谓语用单数 ② both, few, many, several 作主语 → 谓语用复数 ③ 集合名词（family, team, class）→ 看整体用单数，看成员用复数 ⚠️ 易错：The news is exciting.（news 虽以 -s 结尾，但不可数，谓语用单数） Physics is my favorite subject.（学科名以 -s 结尾，谓语用单数） ✏️ 语法练习（主谓一致） Neither Tom nor his friends ______ ______ (be) at school today. Either you or he ______ ______ (be) wrong. The teacher with his students ______ ______ (be) watching the game. Tom as well as his friends ______ ______ (like) basketball. Each of the players ______ ______ (have) a uniform. Both of them ______ ______ (be) champions. The team ______ ______ (be) playing well. (看作整体) Nobody ______ ______ (know) the answer. 核心句式 Neither...nor... — 既不……也不……（就近原则） Neither Tom nor his teammates gave up. 汤姆和他的队友们都没有放弃。 Neither you nor I am wrong. 你和我都没错。 ... take part in ... — ……参加…… Over 200 students took part in the sports meeting. 200多名学生参加了运动会。 She takes part in the relay race every year. 她每年都参加接力赛。 It takes courage to ... — 做……需要勇气 It takes courage to admit your mistakes. 承认错误需要勇气。 It takes courage to try again after failure. 失败后再次尝试需要勇气。 A true champion never ... — 真正的冠军从不…… A true champion never gives up. 真正的冠军从不放弃。 A true champion never cheats in a game. 真正的冠军从不在比赛中作弊。 综合训练 一、单项选择 Neither Tom nor his friends ______ at school yesterday.A. was B. were C. is D. be Either you or he ______ the winner.A. is B. are C. was D. were The teacher with his students ______ the game now.A. is watching B. are watching C. watch D. watches Tom as well as his friends ______ basketball.A. like B. likes C. liking D. liked Each of the players ______ a uniform.A. have B. has C. having D. are having Both of them ______ champions last year.A. was B. were C. is D. be The news ______ very exciting.A. are B. were C. is D. be Nobody ______ the answer to this question.A. know B. knows C. knowing D. are knowing 二、完形填空 A. take part B. took part C. take part in D. took part in A. or B. nor C. and D. but A. practice B. practiced C. have practiced D. had practiced A. help B. helps C. helped D. helping A. fall B. fell C. falls D. falling A. do B. does C. did D. done A. either B. neither C. both D. not only A. them B. themselves C. they D. their The sports meeting was the biggest event of the year. Over 500 students 1______ in various competitions. The relay race was the most exciting. Neither Tom 2______ his teammates wanted to lose. They 3______ hard for weeks. The teacher, as well as the coach, 4______ them every day. During the race, Tom 5______ behind at first but didn't give up. Each of the team members 6______ their best. In the end, 7______ Tom nor his teammates won the gold medal. But they were proud of 8______ because they had tried their best. That's the true spirit of sports. 中考题型 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 词族拓展： fairlyadv.公平地；相当地The teacher treated all students fairly. 老师公平地对待所有学生。 unfairadj.不公平的It is unfair to judge people by their appearance. 以貌取人是不公平的。 fairnessn.公平We should treat everyone with fairness. 我们应该公平地对待每个人。 用法：fair play（公平竞争）；be fair to sb.（对某人公平）；it's fair to say that...（可以公平地说……）。 反义：unfair（不公平的）。 辨析：fair = 公平的（规则层面）；just = 正义的（道德层面）。 Fair play is the most important spirit in sports. 公平竞争是体育中最重要的精神。 /ˈmedl/ 奖牌；勋章 用法：gold medal（金牌）；silver medal（银牌）；bronze medal（铜牌）。 搭配：win a medal（赢得奖牌）；award a medal to sb.（授予某人奖牌）。 辨析：medal = 奖牌（体育/军事）；prize = 奖品/奖金；award = 奖项（荣誉性）。 He won a gold medal in the Olympics. 他在奥运会上获得了一枚金牌。 /ˈriːleɪ/ 接力赛；转递 用法：relay race（接力赛）；relay baton（接力棒）；the 4×100m relay（4×100米接力）。 引申：relay 也可作动词，relay a message = 传递信息。 Our team won the relay race through perfect teamwork. 我们队通过完美的团队合作赢得了接力赛。 /dʒʌdʒ/ 裁判；评判 词族拓展： judgmentn.判断；评判You should trust your own judgment. 你应该相信自己的判断。 judgingn.评判Judging by his accent, he is from the south. 从口音判断，他是南方人。 用法：作名词指"裁判/法官"；作动词指"评判/判断"。judge by/from = 根据……判断。 辨析：judge = 裁判（比赛中）；referee = 裁判（足球/篮球等）；umpire = 裁判（网球/棒球等）。 The judge awarded her full marks for the performance. 裁判给她的表演打了满分。 /ˈnaɪðə/ 两者都不 用法： ①neither of + 复数名词/代词 → 谓语用单数 ②neither...nor... = 既不……也不…… → 谓语遵循就近原则 ③neither 单独使用 = 两者都不 辨析：neither = 两者都不；either = 两者中任一；both = 两者都；none = 三者及以上都不。 Neither team won the game. They tied. 两个队都没赢，他们打平了。 /ˈspɪrɪt/ 精神；心灵 词族拓展： spiritedadj.精神饱满的The spirited debate lasted for two hours. 这场激烈的辩论持续了两个小时。 spiritualadj.精神的；心灵的Music has a spiritual power that touches the soul. 音乐有一种触动灵魂的精神力量。 用法：the Olympic spirit（奥运精神）；team spirit（团队精神）；in good spirits（心情好）。 辨析：spirit = 精神/心灵；soul = 灵魂；mind = 思维/头脑。 The spirit of the Olympics is "faster, higher, stronger." 奥运精神是"更快、更高、更强"。 /ˈkʌrɪdʒ/ 勇气；胆量 词族拓展： courageousadj.勇敢的The courageous firefighter saved three people. 那位勇敢的消防员救了三个人。 encouragev.鼓励My teacher encouraged me to enter the competition. 我的老师鼓励我参加比赛。 discouragev.使泄气；阻止Bad weather didn't discourage us from going out. 恶劣天气没有阻止我们出门。 用法：have the courage to do sth. = 有勇气做某事；lose courage = 失去勇气；take courage = 鼓起勇气。 辨析：courage = 勇气（面对困难/危险）；bravery = 勇敢（实际行动）；nerve = 胆量/魄力。 It takes courage to admit that you have made a mistake. 承认自己犯了错误需要勇气。 ✏️ 词汇练习 Our team won the ______ ______ (compete) at the sports meeting. She became the ______ ______ (champion) of the 100-meter race. ______ ______ (fair) play is very important in sports. He won a gold ______ ______ (medal) in the Olympics. The ______ ______ (judge) gave her full marks. It takes ______ ______ (courageous) to face difficulties. Neither of the answers ______ ______ (be) correct. ✏️ 词汇练习三：单项选择 Neither he nor I ______ a basketball player.A. am　B. is　C. are　D. be Over 200 students ______ the sports meeting.A. took part in　B. joined　C. attended　D. joined in A true champion never ______, even when losing.A. gives up　B. gives in　C. gives away　D. gives out We are ______ our team's performance.A. proud of　B. pride of　C. proud in　D. pride in Our team ______ in the first half but caught up later.A. fell behind　B. fell down　C. fell off　D. fell over 短语详解 neither...nor... neither...nor... = 既不……也不…… 用法：连接两个并列成分。当连接两个主语时，谓语动词遵循"就近原则"（与最近的主语一致）。 辨析：neither A nor B（两者都不）；either A or B（要么A要么B）；both A and B（A和B都）；not only A but also B（不但A而且B）。后三者也遵循就近原则。 Neither Tom nor his teammates won the game. 汤姆和他的队友们都没有赢得比赛。 take part in take part in = 参加（活动） 辨析：take part in = 参加（活动/运动，强调积极参与）；join = 加入（组织/团体）；join in = 参加（小规模活动）；attend = 出席（会议/课程）。 例：take part in the sports meeting / join the club / attend the meeting Over 200 students took part in the sports meeting. 200多名学生参加了运动会。 give up give up = 放弃 用法：give up sth. / give up doing sth. = 放弃做某事。 反义：hold on（坚持）；keep going（继续前进）；stick to（坚持）。 拓展：give in = 屈服/让步；give away = 赠送/泄露；give out = 分发/耗尽。 A true champion never gives up, even when losing. 真正的冠军即使落后也永不放弃。 cheer for cheer for = 为……加油/欢呼 用法：cheer for sb. = 为某人加油；cheer sb. on = 给某人鼓劲。 拓展：cheer up = 振作起来；cheerleader = 啦啦队长。 The crowd cheered for their team loudly. 观众大声为自己的队伍加油。 be proud of be proud of = 为……感到骄傲 同义：take pride in。 拓展：pride n. 骄傲；proudly adv. 自豪地。 例：We are proud of our team. / We take pride in our team. We are proud of our team's performance. 我们为队伍的表现感到骄傲。 fall behind fall behind = 落后；落在后面 用法：fall behind sb. = 落后于某人；fall behind in sth. = 在某方面落后。 反义：take the lead（领先）；catch up with（追上）；keep up with（跟上）。 Our team fell behind in the first half but caught up later. 我们队上半场落后但后来追上了。 短语巩固练习 ✏️ 练习一：用方框中短语的适当形式填空 ______ Tom ______ his teammates won the game. Over 200 students ______ the sports meeting. A true champion never ______, even when losing. The crowd ______ their team loudly. We ______ our team's performance. Our team ______ in the first half but caught up later. neither...nor...　take part in　give up　cheer for　be proud of　fall behind ✏️ 练习二：单项选择 Either you or he ______ right.A. is　B. are　C. am　D. be Not only the students but also the teacher ______ the game.A. enjoy　B. enjoys　C. enjoying　D. enjoyed He ______ the basketball club last year.A. took part in　B. joined　C. attended　D. joined in Cheer ______! Things will get better.A. on　B. up　C. for　D. at He ran faster to ______ the others.A. catch up with　B. fall behind　C. take the lead　D. give up 语法精讲 一、主谓一致——就近原则 就近原则：谓语动词与最近的主语保持一致。 口诀：就近原则看后面，靠近谁就跟谁变。 ⚠️ 注意：Neither Tom nor his friends are here.（靠近 friends，用 are） Neither his friends nor Tom is here.（靠近 Tom，用 is） 二、主谓一致——就远原则 就远原则：谓语动词与较远的主语（即主要主语）保持一致。 口诀：with, as well as, besides, 插在中间不参与，谓语跟着主语走。 ⚠️ 注意：The coach, as well as the players, was happy.（谓语与 coach 一致，用 was） 三、主谓一致——语法一致 & 意义一致 核心规则： ① each, every, one, nobody, someone, anyone, everybody 作主语 → 谓语用单数 ② both, few, many, several 作主语 → 谓语用复数 ③ 集合名词（family, team, class）→ 看整体用单数，看成员用复数 ⚠️ 易错：The news is exciting.（news 虽以 -s 结尾，但不可数，谓语用单数） Physics is my favorite subject.（学科名以 -s 结尾，谓语用单数） ✏️ 语法练习（主谓一致） Neither Tom nor his friends ______ ______ (be) at school today. Either you or he ______ ______ (be) wrong. The teacher with his students ______ ______ (be) watching the game. Tom as well as his friends ______ ______ (like) basketball. Each of the players ______ ______ (have) a uniform. Both of them ______ ______ (be) champions. The team ______ ______ (be) playing well. (看作整体) Nobody ______ ______ (know) the answer. 核心句式 Neither...nor... — 既不……也不……（就近原则） Neither Tom nor his teammates gave up. 汤姆和他的队友们都没有放弃。 Neither you nor I am wrong. 你和我都没错。 ... take part in ... — ……参加…… Over 200 students took part in the sports meeting. 200多名学生参加了运动会。 She takes part in the relay race every year. 她每年都参加接力赛。 It takes courage to ... — 做……需要勇气 It takes courage to admit your mistakes. 承认错误需要勇气。 It takes courage to try again after failure. 失败后再次尝试需要勇气。 A true champion never ... — 真正的冠军从不…… A true champion never gives up. 真正的冠军从不放弃。 A true champion never cheats in a game. 真正的冠军从不在比赛中作弊。 综合训练 一、单项选择 Neither Tom nor his friends ______ at school yesterday.A. was B. were C. is D. be Either you or he ______ the winner.A. is B. are C. was D. were The teacher with his students ______ the game now.A. is watching B. are watching C. watch D. watches Tom as well as his friends ______ basketball.A. like B. likes C. liking D. liked Each of the players ______ a uniform.A. have B. has C. having D. are having Both of them ______ champions last year.A. was B. were C. is D. be The news ______ very exciting.A. are B. were C. is D. be Nobody ______ the answer to this question.A. know B. knows C. knowing D. are knowing 二、完形填空 A. take part B. took part C. take part in D. took part in A. or B. nor C. and D. but A. practice B. practiced C. have practiced D. had practiced A. help B. helps C. helped D. helping A. fall B. fell C. falls D. falling A. do B. does C. did D. done A. either B. neither C. both D. not only A. them B. themselves C. they D. their The sports meeting was the biggest event of the year. Over 500 students 1______ in various competitions. The relay race was the most exciting. Neither Tom 2______ his teammates wanted to lose. They 3______ hard for weeks. The teacher, as well as the coach, 4______ them every day. During the race, Tom 5______ behind at first but didn't give up. Each of the team members 6______ their best. In the end, 7______ Tom nor his teammates won the gold medal. But they were proud of 8______ because they had tried their best. That's the true spirit of sports. 中考题型 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $