专题七 非谓语动词-【备战高考】备战2027高考英语母题题源同步练

专题七非谓语动词 考纲·题型解读 1.不容置疑，高考将继续加强对非谓语动词的考查，而且对分词的考查仍是重点。设题点已从非谓语作状语开始向其他考 点特别是非谓语作补语发展。而且试题将继续呈现出“情景化”和“设问角度的多样化”的特征，但试题的难度将会有所控制。 2.考查立意有所改变，从原来的立意较低，主要考查非谓语的一些最基本的用法，上升到考查非谓语中较为复杂的形式，而 且题目的设置注意了情景化和结构复杂化，不再单独考查非谓语，而是在题干中加入了定语从句等，加大了难度。 3.非谓语作状语仍是命题中的热点，此类题仍占非谓语考查的50%之多，而且设问的角度呈现多样化趋势。 4.考查非谓语动词的题型多为选择填空题。 非谓语动词的句法功能 名称 主语 宾语 宾语补足语 表语 定语 状语 不定式 L 动名词 √ √ 现在分词 过去分词 十年高考母题题源揭秘 题源1不定式 嗅，我忘了关了。 Mr.Brown wants to understand further what the 解题模型1.1 author meant..布朗先生想进一步了解作者的意思。 动词不定式的语法功能（句子成分） (2)动词不定式作tell,show,understand,explain, 1.作主语。如： teach,learn,advise,discuss,know等动词的宾语时，前面 To know all about English is one thing,to know Eng- 常带有疑问词。如： lish is quite another,.知道有关英语的知识是一回事，而懂 He showed us how to do the work. 英语又是另外一回事。 他指给我们看如何做这份工作。 To master a foreign language is not easy. He doesn't know whether to stay or not. 精通一门外语不容易。 他不知道是留下还是不留下。 动词不定式作主语时，通常用“it”作形式主语代替“t0 4.作定语 d0”。如： 不定式作定语必须后置，即放在所修饰的名词或代词 It's not easy to master a foreign language. 的后面，通常要注意以下几种情况： 精通一门外语不容易。 (1)被修饰的名词或代词是不定式的逻辑宾语。如： 2.作表语。如： Have you got anything to say for yourself? His wish is to be1 doctor.他希望当一名医生。（不定 你有要为你自己说的话吗？ 式说明主语的内容) Mr.White is a worker,but he has got a large family I was about to leave when he walked into my room. to support. 我正要离开房间时，他走了进来。（不定式表示将来） 怀特先生是一名工人，但他要养一大家人。 3.作宾语 (2)被修饰的名词或代词是不定式的逻辑主语。如： (1)不定式作宾语常接在一些及物动词后。如： Captain Cook was the last one to leave the sinking -The light in the office is still on. ship.库克船长是最后一个离开正在下沉的船的人。 一办公室的灯还亮着呢。 He is always the first to come to school in the Oh,I forgot to turn it off. morning.早上他总是第一个来到学校的人。 (3)不定式说明它所修饰的名词或代词的内容。如： ·63· There is no need to give children so much money. 类似的常见短语还有to be frank,to be true,to tell 没有必要给孩子们这么多钱。 (you)the truth,to begin with,to be honest等。 Her wish to become an artist came true at last. 9.不定式的独立主格结构 她最终实现了想成为一名艺术家的愿望。 由“名词或代词十不定式”构成独立结构。如： (4)不及物动词构成的不定式作定语要加介词。如： More time to be given,they will make much more They got a wonderful piece of music to dance to. progress.如果能给更多的时间，他们会取得更大的进步。 他们得到了一段很好的音乐用来伴舞。 The exam to be held next week,I can't go with you. Because of air pollution being greatly reduced,this city 因为下周要考试，所以我不能跟你一起去。 is still a good place to live in. 10.不定式有时可以表示条件。如： 因为这个城市的空气污染得到了很大的改善，所以， To look at him,you'd like him. 它仍然是一个好的居住地。 =If you are to look at him,you'd like him. (5)有些及物动词构成的不定式作定语仍需带上介 词。如： )[真题1](2023·北京)Volunteering gives you a chance He has got a pair of thick glasses to read with. lives,including your own. 他阅读时戴的是一副深度的眼镜。 A.change B.changing 5.作状语 C.changed D.to change (1)不定式作目的状语，位于句首时，用逗号隔开：位 [解析]考查非谓语动词。句意为：志愿者工作让你有一 于句尾时，不用逗号隔开。如： 个可以改变生活的机会，包括你自己的生活。动词不定式作 To make a living,he had to work hard. chance的后置定语。 为了谋生，他只有拼命地工作。 [答案]D His stepmother did all she could to help him. )[真题2] (2023·湖南) warm at night,I 他的继母尽其所能帮助他。 would fill the woodstove,then set my alarm clock for (2)不定式作结果状语一般表示出乎意料的结果。如： midnight so I could refill it. He hurried to the station only to find the train had left. A.Staying B.Stayed 他匆忙赶到车站，却发现火车已经开走了。 C.To stay D.Stay I woke up to find everybody gone this morning. [解析]考查非谓语动词。句意为：晚间为了保暖，我会先 今天早上，我醒来时发现大家都走了。 把柴炉加满，然后设置午夜的闹钟，到时再重新加满。此处考查 (3)不定式作原因状语，其主要用于形容词作表语时， 动词不定式表目的，故选C项。 表示喜、怒、哀、乐等。如： [答案]C I'm very glad to see you again. )[真题3](2023·重庆)The engine just won't start. 我真高兴能再次见到你。 Something seems wrong with it. He is ready to help others all the time. A.to go B.to have gone 他总是乐意帮助别人。 C.going D.having gone 6.作宾语补足语或主语补足语 [解析]考查非谓语动词。这个引擎发动不了，看起来好 常带todo作宾补的动词有：alow,permit,,want, 像出了什么毛病。动词seem之后用不定式，排除C、D项；todo ask,cause,encourage,expect,force,invite,order,warn, 表将来，to have done表完成。故选B项。 tell,consider,require,advise,teach,urge等。如： [答案]B 比较：(l)Mr.Black invited me to have a dinner )[真题4](2023·山东)George returned after the war, with him. only that his wife had left him. 布莱克先生邀请我和他一起吃晚餐。(to have的逻辑 A.to be told B.telling 主语是me) C.being told D.told (2)Mr.Black promised me to have a dinner with me. [解析]考查非谓语动词。句意为：George在战后返回了 布莱克先生答应和我一起吃晚餐。(to have的逻辑主 故乡，结果却被告知他的妻子已经离开了他。only to do sth.可 语是Mr.Black) 看作一个固定结构，意思是“没料到（结果）…”。故选A项。 7.不定式作同位语。如： [答案]A His wish to be a sailor never comes true. )[真题5](2023·安微)Tom asked the candy makers if 他想成为一名海员的愿望从来没有实现。 they could make the chocolate easier into small I've no idea where to hold the party. pieces. 我不知道在哪举办这次晚会。 A.break B.breaking C.broken D.to break 8.不定式作独立成分（插入语）。如： [解析]考查非谓语动词。句意为：汤姆问蛋糕师们是否 To be fair,he has worked hard these days. 他们能把巧克力做得更容易切成小片。形容词easy后跟动词不 说句公道话，他这些天工作很努力。 定式，且“easier into small pieces'”作make的宾语补足 64 语。故选D项。 解题模型1.3 [答案]D “wh-”疑问词十不定式的用法 解题模型1.2 不定式可以和疑问代词who,whom,whose,what, which,副词when,how,where,连词whether,asif连用， 动词不定式的几种形式及意义 在句中起名词作用，可作主语、宾语、宾语补足语、表语等 主动形式 被动形式 成分。如： 一般式 to do to be done How to get there is a big problem.(作主语) 进行式 to be doing to be being done The question is where to find the answer.(作表语) 完成式 I can tell you where to get the dictionary.(作宾语补足语) to have done to have been done I really didn't know which one to choose..(作宾语) 1.不定式的进行式表示动作正在进行，完成式表示动 Last summer,I took a course on how to make dresses. 作发生于谓语动词之前，常用于pretend,believe,prove, 〔作介词宾语) seem,consider等词之后。如： The professor paused as if to expect his students to The boy pretended to be working hard when the ask questions on the point he had just made.(作状语) teacher came in,当老师进来时，这个男孩假装正用功 学习。 )「真题7](2002·NMET)It is said that in Australia She seems to have forgotten her promise. there is more land than the government knows 看起来她好像已经忘了她的承诺。 A.it what to do with 2.不定式的被动形式表示不定式的逻辑主语是不定 B.what to do it with 式所表示的动作的承受者。如： C.what to do with it This painting is said to have been drawn by a little girl. D.to do what with it 据说这幅画是一个小女孩画的。 [解析]本题考查“疑问词十不定式”和动词短语do with Volunteer workers asked to be sent where they were 的用法，根据本题的意思可以看出，由于kow不可以直接跟动 most needed.志愿工作者们要求被派到最需要他们的 词不定式而排除D:“疑问词十不定式”结构当然要把疑问词置 地方。 于前面，从而排除A;what.do with..实际上是一个常用的短 语，在短语中what作do的宾语，句中的it作介词with的宾语。 )[真题6] (2023·四川)The airport next year [答案]C will help promote tourism in this area. A.being completed B.to be completed C.completed D.having been completed [解析]考查非谓语动词。句意为：明年即将完工的飞机 场将会有助于促进这个地区的旅游业。此处需要填上一个非谓 语动词作the airport的后置定语；根据标志词next year及句意 可知非谓语动词表示将来动作，故选动词不定式to be completed (将被完成)：而A项“正在被…”；C项“已被”：D项常作状语。 [答案]B ·65 解题模型1.4 解题模型2.1 动词不定式“to”的省略 动名词的语法功能 1.使役动词和感观动词的宾语补足语要省略“to”,变 1.作主语。如： 为被动式时，成为主语的补足语须加上“to”(前面已讲述)。 Reading aloud is very important in learning a foreign 2.有些动词的宾语省略“0”，在一些固定结构中动词不 language. 定式也须省略“to”。如： 2.作表语。如： He can't help (to)do me a favor. My job is teaching English. Looking at the photos,he can't but laugh.(can not but 3.作宾语。如： do=can't help doing情不自禁) I can't understand his giving up such a well-paid job. 3.不定式作表语或表语补足语时，它的前面出现过do 4.作定语。如： 的各种形式时可省略“to”。如： Who won the swimming competition? All he can do is(to)wait.(不定代词作主语) What he can do is(to)wait,(what引导的主语从句) )[真题9](2023·江苏)Shortly after suffering from a The only thing he can do is(to)wait.(带有thing的先 massive earthquake and to ruins,the city took 行词作主语) on a new look. There's nothing to do but/except wait.(前面有“do"时) A.reducing 前面有“do”,不定式解释d0的内容，所以要省去“to”。 B.reduced There's nothing to say but to wait..(此时“to"不能省) C.being reduced 4.有些连词连接的不定式要省略“to”。 D.having reduced prefer to do...rather than do... [解析]考查非谓语动词。首先判断此处是由and连接的 to do...and do... 和suffering from并列的动名词形式；而reduce与主语city之间 如：I prefer to stay home rather than go out. 为被动关系，故选C项。 She told her children to stay there and wait till she [答案]C came back. )[真题10](2023·四川)Lydia doesn't feel like 5.在when,f,what,as等引导的从句中，若有Iike, abroad.Her parents are old. want,wish等时，则省略“to”。如： A.study You can stay here as long as you like. B.studying You can come whenever you like. C.studied 6.Why not do.？=Why don't you do..?用来提出建 D.to study 议时不用“to”。 [解析]考查非谓语动词。句意为：Lydia不想去国外学 习，她的父母都年纪大了。feel like doing是固定用法，意为“想 )[真题8](2023·陕西)Let those in need that 要做某事”，故选B项。 we will go all out to help them. [答案]B A.to understand B.understand )[真题I1](2o05·上海)He got well-prepared for the C.understanding D.understood job interview,for he couldn't risk the good op- [解析]考查非谓语动词。句意：让那些有需要的人了解 portunity. 我们将会出去帮助他们。动词let后接动词原形understand作 A.to lose B.losing 宾补，与宾语those in need之间为主动关系，构成短语let sb.do C.to be lost D.being lost sth.。故选B项。 [解析]本题考查sk一词的用法，其后面只能接动名词 [答案]B 作宾语，即risk doing sth.。 题源2动名词 [答案]B ( )[真题12](2005·北京)lt's necessary to be prepared for an interview. the answers ready will be of great help. A.To have had B.Have C.Having had D.Having [解析]考查非谓语动词。动名词可直接作主语，排除A、 B两项，由于该动作为陈述一个事理，故用动名词的一般式而不 是完成式。 [答案]D ·66 解题模型2.2 A.to accept B.accept C.accepting D.accepted 动名词的时态和语态 1,动名词一般式表示的动作发生在谓语动词表示的 [解析]imagine表示“想象，设想；猜想，推测”，后接动名 动作的同时或之后。如： 词作宾语。his accepting是动名词的复合结构。 We all don't like his talking that way. [答案]C ( )[真题15] (2005·安微)1 really can't understand She dreams of becoming a teacher. her like that. 2.动名词的完成式表示的动作发生在谓语动词表示 A.you treat B.you to treat 的动作之前。如： C.why treat D.you treating I remember having read the book. [解析]考查非谓语动词。understand在此处只能跟动词 She was praised for having helped the old man. 注意：有时用动名词的一般式来代替完成式。如： 的动名词形式，you作reat的逻辑主语。本句句意为：我真的 不理解你为何那样对待她。 After working for three hours,we began having a break. [答案]D Thank you for helping me. 3.动名词有两种语态，即主动式doing和having done 题源3分词 及其对应的被动式being done和having been done。.如： Tom feels like being taken to Beijing. 解题模型3.1 He was excited for having been praised. 4.动名词的否定式是在动名词的前面加ot构成。如： 分词的语法功能 I regret not having told you the truth. 1.分词具有形容词和副词的属性，因此可以在句中起 He always has excuses for not going to school. 到定语、表语、宾语补足语和状语的作用。 功能 例句 备注 )[真题13](2023·福建) basic first-aid tech- This is an amusing story. niques will help you respond quickly to emergencies. The excited people rushed①单个的分词作定语，一殷 A.Known B.Having known into the building. 放在被修饰词的前面。 C.Knowing D.Being known 定语 The boy standing at the door ②分词短语作定语时，则放 [解析]考查非谓语动词。句意：知道一些基本的急救技 is my cousin. 在被修饰词的后面，在功能 术将会帮助你对紧急情况快速地做出反应。此句谓语为wl The letter posted yesterday 上相当于一个定语从句。 help,选非谓语动词作主语，使用动名词，故选C项。 will soon reach him. [答案]C ①现在分词作表语说明主 The news was inspiring. 解题模型2.3 语的性质、特性。 表语 The glass is broken. ②过去分词作表语说明主 动名词的复合结构 We are excited at the news. 语所处的状态。 动名词的复合结构由名词所有格或物主代词加动名 ①现在分词作宾补与宾语 词构成。当动名词有自己的主语时要用这种结构。这个 I heard a girl crying next之间存在着主谓关系，强调 名词或代词为动名词的逻辑主语。如： 宾语 door. 动作正在进行。 I would appreciate your calling back this morning. 补足 I'm sorry to have kept you②过去分词作宾补与宾语 Do you mind my opening the window? waiting for so long. 之间存在着动宾关系即被 The president's attending the meeting himself gave I found my key lost. 动关系，强调动作的被动和 them a great deal of encouragement. 完成。 注意： 下列情况须用名词所有格或代词宾格。 While crossing the street,be 1.当动名词的逻辑主语是不定代词或指示代词时。如： careful. 分词或分词短语作状语时 I didn't hear of anyone phoning you this morning. 可表示时间、原因、结果、行 状语 Her parents died,leaving her 2.当动名词的逻辑主语是较长的名词词组或代词词 an orphan. 为方式、伴随状况等，在功 组时。如： The teacher entered the lab,能上相当于一个状语从句。 How about the three of us taking a walk down the river? followed by the students. Can you imagine the best boy in the class cheating in 2.分词作状语 the examination？ 分词作状语的前提条件是：句子主语一般应是分词的 3.当动名词的逻辑主语是表示无生命的名词时。如： 逻辑主语，且分词和句中主语一般含有逻辑上的主谓或动 Who can tell us the reason of the object falling? 宾关系。 )[真题14](2018·陕西)It is difficult to imagine his the decision without any consideration. 67· C.joined D.having joined (1)与句子主语构成主动关系 [解析]考查非谓语动词。句意为：这个岛由一座桥连向 doing(与谓语同时发生，或表示一般情况) 大陆，很容易去。由句子结构可知，join与the island之间为动 ,十句子（主谓结构） having done(先于谓语动词发生) 宾关系，且joined to the mainland by a bridge作the island的后 (2)与句子主语构成被动关系 置定语，故选C项。 done(表示一般情况) [答案]C being done(与谓语同时发生) 十句子（主谓结构） )[真题19](2023·陕西)Claire had her luggage done/having been done(先于谓语发生) an hour before her plane left. Seeing his teacher coming,he stopped..(与谓语同时发生) A.check B.checking Having finished his test paper,he handed it in. C.to check D.checked 谓语发生) [解析]考查非谓语动词。句意为：Claire在她的飞机离开 Being repaired,the computer can't be used.(与谓语同 的前一小时已经检查了她的行李。check与her luggage之间构 时发生) 成被动关系，故选D项。 Caught in the rain,he caught a cold..(过去事实) [答案]D )[真题20](2o23·海南)The party will be held in the ●疑点警示 garden,weather ①当分词与句子主语为被动关系又先于谓语动 A.permitting B.to permit 词发生时，是选done还是having been done取决于语 C.permitted D.permit 境是否强调因果、先后，如果强调这种情况就应 [解析]考查非谓语动词。句意为：如果天气允许的话，我 having been done优先于done。 们就在花园搞聚会。作条件状语，相当于If weather is ②有些分词短语，其形式的选择不受上下文的影 permitting,故选A项。 响，称作独立成分，其逻辑主语并不是句子的主 [答案]A 语。如： )[真题21](2023·重庆)Michael put up a picture of Yao generally speaking,judging from...,supposing Ming beside the bed to keep himself of his own (that),providing (that)...,provided (that),given dreams. (that),considering...等。 A.reminding B.to remind ③一些常用的被动结构，作状语或表语时，只用 C.reminded D.remind 过去分词即可。如： [解析]考查非谓语动词。句意为：Michael将姚明的照片 be caught in the rain,be lost in thought,be 张贴在床边以提醒自己不要忘记梦想。remind与himself之间 dressed in,be seated in/on,be tired,be surprised, 为动宾关系，用过去分词。故选C项。 be interested in,be satisfied with等。 [答案]C 解题模型3.2 )[真题16](2023·北京) the course very diffi- cult,she decided to move to a lower level. 分词的时态与语态 A.Find B.Finding 语态 分词 时态 用法 主动语态被动语态 意义 C.To find D.Found [解析]考查非谓语动词。句意：（由于）她发现该课程很 指分词的动作和句中 难，她就决定转到低一级水平（的课程）。此处动词fid与主语 殷 being doing 谓语动词所表示的动 式 done she为主动关系，且作原因状语，故用现在分词finding。 作同时发生 doing表 现在 [答案]B 示主动 分词 having 指分词的动作发生在 完成 having 和进行 )[真题17](2023·福建)Anyone,once been 句子谓语动词所表示 positive for H7N9 flu virus,will receive free medical 式 done done 的动作之前 treatment from our government. 过去 表示被动 A.to be tested B.being tested done 分词 和完成 C.tested D.to test [解析]考查非谓语动词和状语从句的省略。句意：无论 Being poor,he couldn't go to school. 是谁只要感染了H7N9流感病毒，将会得到政府的免费医疗救 2Having worked in the country for three years,he 助。状语从句连词once之后的非谓语动词与主句主语anyone knew how to grow vegetables. 之间为被动关系，故选过去分词。 3The question being discussed now is important. [答案]C Having been given such a good chance,how could )[真题18](2023·全国Ⅱ)The island, to the he let it pass away? mainland by a bridge,is easy to go to. 5Heated,this kind of wood gives off much smoke. A.joining B.to join ·68· )[真题22] (2023·湖南)The sun began to rise in the sky, the mountain in golden light. (1)这种结构也叫with的复合结构，该结构中的分词 A.bathed 作宾语补足语。用现在分词表示与前面的名词或代词具 B.bathing 有主动关系，用过去分词则表示被动关系。根据句意需 C.to have bathed 要，with可换成without。如： D.have bathed With all lights turned on,the building looks more [解析]考查非谓语动词。句意：太阳开始从天边升起来 beautiful. 了，将这座山沐浴在金色的光线之中。动词bathe与主语the The teachers came in with many students following them. sun之间为主动关系，且表示正在进行，故选B项。 (2)此结构还可构成“with十名词/代词+形容词/副 [答案]B 词/介词短语/不定式”，其中不定式表示将来的动作。如： He sleeps with the windows open,even in winter. 解题模型3.3 With them to help us,we can finish the work ahead of 分词的否定式 time. 分词的否定式是在分词前加not构成。如： )[真题24] (2023·新课标I)They might just have a Not knowing his telephone number,she had some dif place on the writing course-why don't you ficulty getting in touch with him. give it a try? )[真题23](2023·四川) which university to A.leave B.left attend,the girl asked her teacher for advice. C.leaving D.to leave A.Not knowing B.Knowing not [解析]考查非谓语动词。句意：他们可能写作课还有一 C.Not known D.Known not 个位置（名额），你为何不试一试（碰碰运气）呢？leave表示“留 [解析]考查非谓语动词。主语the girl与非谓语动词 下、剩下”，leave和place是被动关系，left作place的后置定语。 kow之间为主动关系，故用现在分词；且非谓语动词的否定式 [答案]B 应在其前加否定词。故选A项。此处分词Not knowing在句中 )[真题25](2023·天津)Passengers are permitted 作原因状语。 only one piece of hand luggage onto the plane. [答案]A A.to carry B.carrying C.to be carried D.being carried 题源4 非谓语动词难点辨析 [解析]考查非谓语动词。句意为：乘客只允许携带一件 手提行李登机。固定用法permit sb.to do sth.意为“允许某人做 解题模型4.1 某事”，本句要求用被动语态形式，即sb.be permitted to do sth.。 分词、不定式作补足语要点辨析 故选A项。 1.分词作补足语 [答案]A (1)用于感官动词后的宾语补足语，现在分词一般用 )[真题26](2018·全国卷)The managers discussed the 其主动式，表示动作正在进行，及物动词的过去分词表示 plan that they would like to see the next year. 动作被动和完成，不及物动词只表示完成，不表示被动。 A.carry out B.carrying out I saw a thief stealing a purse from a woman. C.carried out D.to carry out 我看见一个小偷正在偷一位妇女的钱包。 [解析]这道题的题千句子结构非常复杂，要细心分析。 (2)作使役动词后的宾语补足语，现在分词含有“不停 其中，that引导定语从句修饰主句中的名词plan,在that引导的 地做”等意思，过去分词含有“让别人去做”的意思。 定语从句中，that充当动词see的宾语成分，需填的空白处短语 The cruel boss had his workers working all day long. (carry out)作宾语补足语，此时，很容易判断出宾语与补足语之 那位残酷的老板让他的工人们整天地干活。 间是逻辑被动关系，故填过去分词形式；还要注意题千中的th 2.不定式作宾语补足语 next year既有交代时间作用，又有误导考生的功能。 (1)用于感官动词后的宾语补足语，不定式表示动作 [答案]C 的全过程或只陈述某一事实。 I saw a thief steal a purse from a woman. 解题模型4.2 我见一个小偷偷了一位妇女的钱包。 不定式、分词作定语要点辨析 (2)作使役动词后的宾语补足语，不定式不带0，但 1.不定式作定语 get例外，另外作主语补足语要带to。 (1)作定语的不定式如果是不及物动词，或者不定式 Don't have such a small boy do so much work. 所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的地点、工具等，不定 不要让这么小的孩子做那么多活。 式后面须有相应的介词。 Don't get such a small boy to do so much work. 但是，不定式所修饰的名词如果是time,place或way 3.with十名词/代词+分词 时，不定式后面的介词习惯上省去。 69 为“已被…的”；being done作后置定语意为“正被…的”；to (2)当作定语的不定式修饰的名词或代词是不定式动 be done作后置定语意为“将被……的”。 作的承受者时，不定式既可用主动语态，也可用被动语态， [答案]A 但其含义有所不同。试比较： )[真题29](2023·江西)John has really got the job be- Have you anything to send?你有什么东西要寄吗？ cause he showed me the official letter him it. (不定式to send的动作执行者是“你”) A.offered B.offering Have you anything to be sent?你有什么要（我或别人）寄 C.to offer D.to be offered 的东西吗？（不定式to be sent的动作执行者是“我”或“别人”） [解析]考查非谓语动词。offer与逻辑宾语official letter (3)用不定式作定语的几种情况： 是被动关系，故选A项。 ①不定式表示将来。如： [答案]A The car to be bought is for his sister. )[真题30](2023·湖南)Time, correctly,is 要买的车是给他姐姐的。 money in the bank. ②用来修饰序数词、最高级或no,all,any等限定的中 A.to use B.used C.using D.use 心词。如： [解析]考查非谓语动词。句意为：合理利用时间，就像正 He was the best man to do the job. 确使用银行里的钱一样。主语time与use之间是被动关系，故 他是做这个工作最好的人选。 选B项。 She was the first woman to win the gold medal in the [答案]B Olympic Games. )[真题31](2023·湖南)The lecture, at7:00 她是奥运会上第一个获得金牌的女选手。 pm last night,was followed by an observation of the ③用来修饰的词是抽象名词时，常见的有：ability, moon with telescopes. chance,idea,fact,excuse,promise,answer,reply,at- A.starting B.being started tempt,belief,way,reason,moment,time等。如： C.to start D.to be started Do you have the ability to read and write in English? [解析]考查非谓语动词。动词start与主语the lecture是 I have no chance to go sightseeing. 主动关系，故选A项。 2.分词作定语 [答案]A (1)作定语的及物动词分词形式为：v.ing,being十过 去分词和过去分词。当被修饰的名词与分词为主动关系 解题模型4.3 时，用v.ig;当被修饰的名词与分词为被动关系且表示正 不定式、动名词作宾语要点辨析： 在进行时，用being十过去分词；当被修饰的名词与分词为 1.下列动词只能用不定式作宾语，请牢记下面的口诀： 被动关系且表示完成时，用过去分词。 决心学会想希望，拒绝设法愿假装： (2)不定式一般被动式(to be done)、过去分词(done) 主动答应选计划，同意请求帮一帮。 和现在分词一般被动式(being done)作定语的区别： decide/determine,learn,want,expect/hope/wish; 不定式一般被动式(to be done)表示被动、将来；过去 refuse,manage,care,pretend;offer,promise,choose, 分词(done)表示被动、完成；现在分词一般被动式(being plan;agree,ask/beg,help. done)表示被动、正在进行。 此外，afford,strive,happen,wait等也要用不定式作 )[真题27](2023·天津)In some languages,100 words 宾语。 2.下列动词只能用动名词作宾语，请牢记下面的口诀： make up half of all words in daily conversations. 考虑建议盼原谅，承认推迟没得想： A.using B.to use 避免错过继续练，否认完成就欣赏； C.having used D.used 禁止想象才冒险，不禁介意准逃亡。 [解析]考查非谓语动词。非谓语动词use在句中作 consider,suggest/advise,look forward to,excuse/ words的后置定语，与其存在被动关系，故使用过去分词used。 pardon;admit,delay/,put of,fancy(想象，设想)；avoid, 故选D项。 miss,keep/keep on,practice;deny,finish,enjoy/appreci- [答案]D ate;forbid,imagine,risk;can't help,mind,allow/ )[真题28](2023·陕西)The witnesses by the permit,escape。 police just now gave very different descriptions of the 此外，be used to,lead to,devote to,go back to,stick fight. to,object to,get down to,pay attention to,can't stand( A.questioned B.being questioned 法忍受)，give up,feel like,insist on,put off,thank you C.to be questioned D.having questioned for,apologize for,be busy (in),have difficulty/trouble [解析]考查非谓语动词。首先判断此处需要一个非谓语 (in),have a good/wonderful/hard time(in),spend time 动词作witnesses的后置定语；且判断动词question与witnesses (in)等动词词组也要用动名词作宾语。 之间为被动关系；根据非谓语动词短语中标志词just now可知 动作question已经完成。故选A项。注意：done作后置定语意 70 3.下列动词或词组既可以跟动名词作宾语，也可以跟 4.动词不定式在but,other than后面时，如果前面有 不定式作宾语，但意义上有区别，要特别注意。 行为动词d0的某种形式，那么介词后的不定式省略t0,否 (1)forget o do sth,.忘记去微某事 则就要带to。另外在can't choose but,can't help but(只 doing sth.忘记已经做过某事 好)，can'tbut(只好)，had better,would rather后面的不 (to do sth.记得去做某事 定式也要省略t0。如： remember {doing sth.记得曾经做过某事 I cannot but agree to his terms. (to do sth.后悔/遗憾去做某事 I can't choose but laugh. regret doing sth..后悔做过某事 We could do nothing but/other than wait. (to do sth.停下来去做另一件事 We had nothing to do but/other than wait. stop (doing sth..停止做某事 We had no choice but to wait. tryto do sth..务力做某事 5.不定式作动词tell,show,understand,explain, doing sth..尝试着做某事 teach,learn,advise,discuss,ask,decide,wonder,find (o do sth.打算做某事 out等词的宾语时，前面常带引导词how,what,whether, mean doing sth.意味着做某事 where,when,who等十todo,但why+省略to的不定式。 to do sth.(做完某事)接着做另一件事 注意：此用法中的不定式的逻辑主语须与主句的主语 go on (doing sth.(=go on with sth.)继续做同一件事 或宾语保持一致，否则用宾语从句。如： (to do sth.不能帮助做某事 He showed us how to do the work.(=He showed us can't help {doing sth..情不自禁地做某事 how we should do the work. (2)动词like,love,prefer后接不定式或动名词作宾 I don't know what to do.(=I don't know what I 语均可。如表示经常性的行为常用动名词，如表示具体的 should do.) 行为常用动词不定式。但要注意：如果like,love,prefer We must decide whether to stay or go. 前有would/.should时，后面则应该接动词不定式作宾语。 Can you tell me why do it? feel like后接动名词作宾语。 (3)在动词alow,advise,forbid,permit后直接跟动 )[真题32] (2023·湖南)We've had a good start,but 名词形式作宾语，如果后面有名词或代词作宾语，其后用 next,more work needs to achieve the final suc- 动词不定式作宾语补足语。即 cess. (sb.to do sth. A.being done B.do allow/permit/forbid/advise doing sth. C.to be done D.to do (4)动词need,require,.want作“需要”讲时，其后必须 [解析]考查非谓语动词。句意为：我们已经有了一个好 用动名词的主动形式或不定式的被动形式作宾语，表示事 的开始，要实现最后的成功，接下来有更多的工作需要去做。 情需要做。这时动名词的主动式表示被动意义。be worth need to be done=need doing'“需要做某事”。故选C项。 后必须用动名词的主动形式表示被动意义。此外，若动词 [答案]C need表示“需要”，require表示“要求”，want表示“想要” ( )[真题33](2023·安徽)1 remembered the 时，其后须接名词或代词作宾语，然后接不定式作宾语补 door before I left the office,but forgot to turn off the 足语。即： lights. to be done A.locking need/want/require)doing B.to lock (sb.to do sth. C.having locked be worth名词（表示钱数或价格的名词） D.to have locked (doing [解析]考查非谓语动词。句意为：我记得在离开办公室 ,to be done 前关门了，但是忘记去关灯了。remember to do sth.固定句型 be worthy of/名询 “记得去做某事”。故选B项。 being done [答案]B The window needs/erbe ced ( )[真题34 (2018·重庆)lsn't it time you got down to cleaning. the papers? 窗户需要擦一下。 A.mark B.be marked (worth visiting. C.being marked D.marking to be visited [解析]考查非谓语动词。句意：你还不开始认真阅卷吗？ This place is worthy offa visit. 此题的关键是短语get down to(开始认真做)，to是介词，后应跟 being visited. doing形式。排除A、B,mark the papers阅卷评分，用主动 这个地方值得一去。 形式。 [答案]D 71· 解题模型4.4 不定式、分词作状语要点辨析 1.不定式作状语。如： Helen had to shout to make herself heard above the sound of the music..(表示目的) It was unbelievable that the fans waited outside the gym for three hours just to have a look at the sports stars. (表示目的) My grandmother lived to see the liberation of China (表示结果) To look at him,you would like him.(表示条件) 看着他，你会喜欢他的。 某些形容词作表语，表示喜、怒、哀、乐，后跟不定式表 示原因。如： I am very glad to see you. I am so sorry to hear your mother is ill. 在带有enough或too的句子里，也常用不定式作状 语，表示程度。如： He is old enough to go to school. 他到上学的年龄了。 She is too tired to do the job. 她太累了，做不了这项工作了。 注意： 强调动词不定式所表示的目的时，动词不定式可用i order to(为了)或so as to(以便)十动词原形。so as to不 用于句首。如： He got up early in order to catch the first bus. 他早起是为了赶上第一趟公共汽车。 The bus stopped so as to pick up passengers. 这辆公共汽车停下来以便接乘客。 2.分词作状语 (1)分词作状语的基本原则 分词作状语时，分词的逻辑主语必须与句子的主语保 持一致。 分词作状语必须和句子的主语含有逻辑上的主谓或 动宾关系，否则不能使用分词作状语。 (2)分词作状语的句法功能 分词或分词短语作状语时，可以表示时间、原因、结 果、条件、让步、行为方式、伴随状况等。表示时间关系的 分词短语有时可由连词while.或when引出。如： (2005·福建)When offered help,one often says “Thank you.”or“It's kind of you.”(时间) Be careful while/when crossing the street.( (2o05·湖北)Having been separated from other conti- nents for millions of years,Australia has many plants and animals not found in any other country in the world.( (2003·上海）Generally speaking,when taken according to the directions,the drug has no side effect.( 件) (2oo5·广东)He glanced over at her,noting that though she was tiny,she seemed very well put together. (结果) 。 72 )[真题40](2023·浙江)If they win the final tonight, Having been told many times,he still repeated the the team are going to tour around the city by same mistake.(让步) their enthusiastic supporters. The teacher came into the lab,followed by some A.being cheered students.(伴随) B.be cheered )[真题35](2023·重庆)When I was little,my mother C.to be cheered used to sit by my bed, me stories till I D.were cheered fell asleep. [解析]考查非谓语动词。句意为：如果他们今晚决赛获 A.having told B.telling 胜的话，这支队将环游城市接受热情支持者的欢呼。从句意可 C.told D.to tell 知，欢呼是还没发生的，故用不定式表示将来。故选C项。 [解析]考查非谓语动词。句意：当我还很小的时候，我妈 [答案]C 妈经常坐在我的床边给我讲故事直到我睡着了。此处非谓语动 )[真题41](2023·四川) an important role in 词tell与主语my mother之间为主动关系，故用telling作伴随 a new movie,Andy has got a chance to become famous. 状语。 A.Offer B.Offering [答案]B C.Offered D.To offer )L真题36](2023·安徽)When for his views [解析]考查非谓语动词。句意为：Ady在新电影中被提 about his teaching job,Philip said he found it very inter- 供饰演了一个重要的角色，才有机会成名。Andy与offer之间为 esting and rewarding. 动宾关系，故选过去分词offered,在句中作原因状语。故选C项。 A.asking B.asked [答案]C C.having asked D.to be asked )[真题42](2023·天津) into English,the [解析]考查非谓语动词。句意为：当Philip被问到对教 sentence was found to have an entirely different word or- 学的看法时，他说他觉得教学很有意思并且是值得做的。动词 der. ed形式作状语，表示被动。故选B项。 A.Translating [答案]B B.Translated )[真题37](2023·北京) with care,one tin C.To translate will last for six weeks. D.Having translated A.Use B.Using [解析]考查非谓语动词。句意为：句子被译成英语后，顺序 C.Used D.To use 完全不同了。translate与the sentence之间是被动关系，故选B项。 「解析]考查非谓语动词。句意为：罐头被精心地保存的 [答案]B 话，可以保存六周。tin与use之间为被动关系，故选C项。 )[真题43](2023·全国Ⅱ)Sarah pretended to be cheer- [答案]C ful, nothing about the argument. )[真题38] (2023·天津)He got up late and hurried to A.says B.said his office, the breakfast untouched. C.to say D.saying A.left B.to leave [解析]考查非谓语动词。句意为：Sarah假装很高兴，对 C.leaving D.having left 这个争论什么也没说。pretend在句中作谓语，故A项排除； [解析]考查非谓语动词。句意为：他起床晚了，急忙去办 Sarah与say之间为主谓关系，故B项排除：分析句子结构可知， 公室，没碰早餐。现在分词表伴随，作状语。故选C项。 此处需要伴随状语，故选D项。 [答案]C [答案]D )[真题39](2023·重庆)More TV programs,according )[真题44](2023·浙江)Bats are surprisingly long-lived to government officials,will be produced creatures,some a life span of around 20 years. people's concern over food safety. A.having B.had A.to raise B.raising C.have D.to have C.to have raised D.having raised [解析]考查非谓语动词。句意为：蝙辐这种生物寿命出 [解析]考查非谓语动词。句意为：政府官员们说会制作 奇的长，一些蝙蝠大约有20年的寿龄。从句子结构可知，该句 更多的电视节目以增强人们对食品安全的关注。此处非谓语动 为独立主格结构，some为逻辑主语指代bats,并与have构成主 词作目的状语，因此只能使用动词不定式的一般现在时，故选 动关系。故选A项。 A项。 [答案]A [答案]A 73· 十年高考母题原型训练 (★代表高考出现的频次) A.published B.to be published A组 C.to publish D.being published 题源1不定式（★★★★★） )11.(2021·辽宁) you need to give all you have and try your best. ( )1.(2023·山东)I stopped the car a short break A.Being a winner as I was feeling tired. B.To be a winner A.take B.taking C.Be a winner C.to take D.taken D.Having been a winner )2.(2023·陕西)If he takes on this work,he will have no ( )12.(2021·山东)We are invited to a party choice but an even greater challenge. our club next Friday. A.meets B.meeting A.to be held B.held C.meet D.to meet C.being held D.holding ( )3.(2023·湖南)The ability an idea is as impor- ( )13.(2021·天津) the project in time,the staff tant as the idea itself. were working at weekends. A.expressing B.expressed A.Completing C.to express D.to be expressed B.Having completed )4.(2022·全国I)With Father's Day around the corner, C.To have completed I have taken some money out of the bank D.To complete presents for my dad. ( )14.(2021·浙江) the pay isn't attractive A.buy B.to buy enough,though the job itself is quite interesting. C.buying D.to have bought A.Generally speaking ( )5.(2o22·重庆)Many buildings in the city need B.On the contrary repairing,but the one first is the library. C.In particular A.repaired B.being repaired D.To be honest C.repairing D.to be repaired )15.(2021·宁夏、海南)The children all turned )6.(2022·江西)There were many talented actors out the famous actress as she entered the classroom. there just waiting A.looked at A.to discover B.to be discovered B.to look at C.discovered D.being discovered C.to looking )7.(2022·辽宁)We were astonished the temple D.look at still in its original condition. 题源2动名词（★★★★） A.finding B.to find C.find D.to be found )1.(2021·陕西)I still remember to the Famen ( )8.(2022·山东)I have a lot of readings before Temple and what I saw there. the end of this term. A.to take B.to be taken A.completing B.to complete C.taking D.being taken C.completed D.being completed )2.(2021·上海)Bill suggested a meeting on )g.(2022·上海)This is the only way we can imagine what to do for the Shanghai Expo during the vacation. the overuse of water in students'bathro- A.having held B.to hold oms. C.holding D.hold A.reducing B.to reduce 题源3分词（★★★★★） C.reduced D.reduce )10.(2022·陕西)His first book next month is )1.(2023·江西)1f to look after luggage for based on a true story. someone else,inform the police at once. ·74… A.asked B.to ask C.led D.to lead C.asking D.having asked )11.(2023·北京)Sit down,Emma.You will only make ( )2.（2023·辽宁)Laura was away in Paris for over a yourself more tired, on your feet. week.When she got home,there was a pile of mail A.to keep B.keeping for her. C.having kept D.to have kept A.waited B.to wait ( )12.(2022·全国I)Mrs.White showed her students C.waiting D.was waiting some old maps from the library. ( )3.(2023·山东)The room is empty except for a A.to borrow B.to be borrowed bookshelf in one corner. C.borrowed D.borrowing A.standing B.to stand )13.(2022·全国Ⅱ)Though to see us,the pro C.stands D.stood fessor gave us a warm welcome. )4.(2023·浙江)“lt's such a nice place,”Mother said as A.surprising she sat at the table for customers. B.was surprised A.to be reserved C.surprised B.having reserved D.being surprised C.reserving )14.(2022·重庆)The news shocked the public, D.reserved to great concern about students'safety at school. )5.(2023·海南)Film has a much shorter history,espe A.having led B.led cially when such art forms as music and C.leading D.to lead painting. )15.(2022·江西)The lady walked around the shops, A.having compared to an eye out for bargains. B.comparing to A.keep B.kept C.compare to C.keeping D.to keep D.compared to )16.(2022·辽宁)Alexander tried to get his work )6.(2023·陕西) in a long queue,we waited for in the medical circles. the store to open to buy a new iPad. A.to recognize B.recognizing A.Standing B.To stand C.recognize D.recognized C.Stood D.Stand ( )17.(2022·安徽)He had a wonderful childhood, )7.(2023·山东)After completing and signing it,please with his mother to all corners of the world. return the form to us in the envelope A.travel B.to travel A.providing C.traveled D.traveling B.provided )18.(2022·湖南)Dina, for months to find a C.having provided job as a waitress,finally took a position at a local ad- D.provide vertising agency. C )8.(2023·海南) an important decision more on A.struggling B.struggled emotion than on reason,you will regret it sooner or C.having struggled D.to struggle later. )19.(2022·湖南)So far nobody has claimed the money A.Based B.Basing in the library. C.Base D.To base A.discovered )9.(2023·江苏)Recently a survey prices of the B.to be discovered same goods in two different supermarkets has caused C.discovering heated debate among citizens. D.having discovered A.compared )20.（2022·北京) at my classmates'faces,I B.comparing read the same excitement in their eyes. C.compares A.Looking B.Look D.being compared C.To look D.Looked ( )10.(2023·山东)Look over there-there's a very long, ( )21.(2022·北京)I'm calling to enquire about the position winding path up to the house. in yesterday's China Daily. A.leading B.leads A.advertised B.to be advertised ·75· C.advertising D.having advertised C.feeling D.felt ( )22.(2022·四川)The lawyer listened with full attention, )5.(2o23·陕西)More highways have been built in China, to miss any point. it much easier for people to travel from one A.not trying B.trying not place to another. C.to try not D.not to try A.making B.made )23.(2022·上海)Lucy has a great sense of humor and al- C.to make D.having made ways keeps her colleagues with her stories. C )6.(2023·课标)The next thing he saw was smoke A.amused B.amusing from behind the house. C.to amuse D.to be amused A.rose B.rising ( )24.(2022·上海) the city center,we saw a C.to rise D.risen stone statue of about 10 meters in height. )7.(2023·江西)On receiving a phone call from his wife A.Approaching B.Approached she had a fall,Mr Gordon immediately rushed C.To approach D.To be approached home from his office )25.(2022·湖南)Listen！Do you hear someone A.says B.said for help? C.saying D.to say A.calling B.call )8.(2022·天津)It rained heavily in the south, C.to call D.called serious flooding in several provinces. )26.(2022·四川)A great number of students A.caused B.having caused said they were forced to practise the piano. C.causing D.to cause A.to question B.to be questioned )9.(2022·山东)The living room is clean and tidy,with a C.questioned D.questioning dining table already for a meal to be cooked. )27.(2021·辽宁)When we visited my old family home, A.laid B.laying memory came back. C.to lay D.being laid A.flooding B.to flood )10.(2022·福建)In April,thousands of holidaymakers C.flood D.flooded remained abroad due to the volcanic ash )28.(2021·北京) twice,the postman refused cloud. to deliver our letters unless we chained our dog. A.sticking B.stuck A.Being bitten B.Bitten C.to be stuck D.to have stuck C.Having bitten D.To be bitten )11.(2022·江苏)The retired man donated most of his savings to the school damaged by the earthquake in 题源4非谓语动词难点辨析（★★★★） Yushu, the students to return to their )L.(2023·新课标I)The sunlight is white and blinding, classrooms. hard-edged shadows on the ground. A.enabling A.throwing B.being thrown B.having enabled C.to throw D.to be thrown C.to enable ( )2.(2023·浙江) how others react to the book D.to have enabled you have just read creates an added pleasure. )l2.(2022·浙江)The traffic rule says young children un- A.Hearing B.Hear der the age of four and less than 40 pounds C.Having heard D.To be hearing must be in a child safety seat. ( )3.(2023·.浙江)There are some health problems that, A.being weighed B.to weigh when in time,can become bigger ones C.weighed D.weighing later on. ( )13.(2022·陕西) from the top of the tower, A.not treated the south foot of the mountain is a sea of trees. B.not being treated A.Seen B.Seeing C.not to be treated C.Having seen D.To see D.not have been treated ( )14.(2021·浙江) and short of breath,Andy and ( )4.(2023·湖南)Do you wake up every morning Ruby were the first to reach to top of Mount Tai. energetic and ready to start a new day? A.To be tired B.Tired A.feel B.to feel C.Tiring D.Being tired ·76· -Yes.They are accustomed at meals. B组 A.to talk 题源1不定式（★★★★★） B.to not talk C.to talking ()1.(2021·上海)David threatened his neighbour D.to not talking to the police if the damages were not paid. ( )2.(2020·上海)Something as simple as some A.to be reported B.reporting cold water may clear your mind and relieve pressure. C.to report D.having reported A.to drink B.drinking ( )2.(2021·湖南)Nowadays people sometimes separate C.to be drinking D.drunk their waste to make it easier for it ( )3.(2020·江西)I hear they've promoted Tom,but he A.reusing B.reused didn't mention when we talked on the phone. C.reuses D.to be reused A.to promote ( )3.(2021·重庆)With the world changing fast,we have B.having been promoted something new with all by ourselves every day. C.having promoted A.deal B.dealt D.to be promoted C.to deal D.dealing ( )4.(2021·四川)He told us whether a picnic 题源3分词（★★★★★） was still under discussion. ( )1.(2021·天津) by the advances in technology, A.to have B.having many farmers have set up wind farms on their land. C.have D.had A.Being encouraged )5.(2020·北京)一Did the book give the information you B.Encouraging needed? C.Encouraged -Yes.But it,I had to read the entire book. D.Having encouraged A.to find B.find ( )2.(2021·福建)In April,2009,President Hu inspected C.to be finding D.finding the warships in Qingdao, the 60th ( )6.(2020·湖南) the project as planned,we'll anniversary of the founding of the PLA Navy. have to work two more hours a day. A.marking B.marked A.Completing B.Complete D.being marked C.Completed D.To complete C.having marked ( )3.(202l·上海)A small plane crashed into a hillside five )7.(2020·上海)If there's a lot of work _'m miles east of the city, happy to just keep on until it is finished. all four people on B.to be doing board. A.to do C.done D.doing A.killed B.killing ( 8.(2020·北京)I feel greatly honored C.kills D.to kill into their society. ( ）4.(2o21·湖南）Every evening after dinner,if not B.welcoming from work,I will spend some time walking A.to welcome C.to be welcomed D.welcomed my dog. ()9.(2020·陕西)The message is very important,so it is A.being tired B.tiring supposed as soon as possible. C.tired D.to be tired A.to be sent B.to send ( )5.(2021·湖南)At the age of29,Dave was a worker C.being sent D.sending in a small apartment near Boston and )10.(2020·海南、宁夏)I like getting up very early in what to do about his future. summer.The morning air is so good A.living:wondering A.to be breathed B.lived;wondering B.to breathe C.lived;wondered C.breathing D.living;wondered D.being breathed ( )6.(2021·四川)Ladies and gentlemen,please remain until the plane has come to a complete stop. 题源2动名词（★★★★） A.seated B.seating )l.(2o20·江苏)-They are quiet,aren't they? C.to seat D.seat ·77· ( )7.(2021·.四川) many times,he finally under- A.To walk B.Walking stood it. C.Walked D.Having walked A.Told B.Telling )18.(2020·浙江) that he was in great danger, C.Having told D.Having been told Eric walked deeper into the forest. )8.(2021·江西) the right kind of training, A.Not realized these teenage soccer players may one day grow into B.Not to realize international stars. C.Not realizing A.Giving B.Having given D.Not to have realized C.To give D.Given ( )19.(2020·陕西) around the Water Cube,we ( )9.(2021·重庆)Michael's new house is like a huge were then taken to see the Bird's Nest for the 2008 O- palace, with his old one. lympic Games. A.comparing B.compares A.Having shown C.to compare D.compared B.To be shown )10.(2020·浙江)It is one of the funniest things C.Having been shown on the Internet so far this year. D.To show A.finding B.being found )20.(2020·江西)We finished the run in less than half the C.to find D.found time )11.(2020·天津) their hats into the air,the A.allowing B.to allow fans of the winning team let out loud shouts of victo- C.allowed D.allows ry. )21.(2020·重庆) to reach them on the phone, A.To throw B.Thrown we sent an e-mail instead. C.Throwing D.Being thrown A.Fail B.Failed ( )12.(2020·湖南)The trees in the storm have C.To fail D.Having failed been moved off the road. )22.(2020·福建)-Can those at the back of A.being blown down the classroom hear me? B.blown down -No problem. C.blowing down A.seat B.sit D.to blow down C.seated D.sat ( )13.(2020·北京) that she was going off to 题源4非谓语动词难点辨析（★★★★） sleep,I asked if she'd like that little doll on her bed. A.Seeing B.To see )1.(2021·浙江)There is a great deal of evidence C.See D.Seen that music activities engage different parts )14.(2020·上海)My sister,an inexperienced rider,was of the brain. found sitting on the bicycle to balance it. A.indicate B.indicating A.having tried B.trying C.to indicate D.to be indicating C.to try D.tried )2.(2021·安微)The play next month aims )15.(2020·上海)Ideally for Broadway theatres mainly to reflect the local culture. and Fifth Avenue, the New York Park hotel is a A.produced favourite with many guests. B.being produced A.locating C.to be produced B.being located D.having been produced C.having been located )3.(2021·宁夏、海南)Now that we've discussed our D.located problem,are people happy with the decisions 2 )16.(2020·辽宁)Please remain the winner of A.taking B.take the prize will be announced soon. C.taken D.to take A.seating B.seated )4.(2021·全国I)They use computers to keep the traffic C.to seat D.to be seated smoothly. )17.(2020·安微) in the fields on a March after- A.being run B.run noon,he could feel the warmth of spring. C.to run D.running 78 ( )5.(2021·福建) not to miss the flight at 15:20, )11.(2020·山东)Lucy's new job paid twice as much as the manager set out for the airport in a hurry she had made in the restaurant. A.Reminding A.working B.work B.Reminded C.to work D.worked C.To remind )12.(2020·江苏)To learn English well,we should find D.Having reminded opportunities to hear English as much as )6.(2021·江苏)Schools across China are expected to hire we can. 50,000 college graduates this year as short-term teach- A.speak ers,almost three times the number hired last year, B.speaking reduce unemployment pressures. C.spoken A.help D.to speak B.to have helped )13.(2020·北京)1 t is worth considering what makes C.to help "convenience"foods so popular,and better D.having helped ones of your own. ( )7.(2021·北京)For breakfast he only drinks juice from A.introduces fresh fruit on his own farm. B.to introduce A.grown C.introducing B.being grown D.introduced C.to be grown ( )14.(2020·湖南)Susan wanted to be independent of her D.to grow parents.She tried alone,but she didn't like it )8.(2021·北京)All of them try to use the power of the and moved back home. workstation information in a more A.living B.to live effective way. C.to be living D.having lived A.presenting ( )15.(2020·辽宁)He was busy writing a story,only B.presented once in a while to smoke a cigarette. C.being presented A.to stop D.to present B.stopping ）9.(2021·上海)With the government'said,those C.to have stopped by the earthquake have moved to the new D.having stopped settlements. ( )16.(2020·四川)We had an anxious couple of weeks A.affect for the results of the experiment. B.affecting A.wait C.affected B.to be waiting D.were affected C.waited )10.(2021·江西)The government plans to bring in new D.waiting laws parents to take more responsibility for ( )17.(2020·福建) in the queue for half an hour, the education of their children. the old man suddenly realized he had left the cheque in A.forced the car. B.forcing A.Waiting B.To wait C.to be forced C.Having waited D.To have waited D.having forced ·79·那时“我弟弟”正在参加比赛。A项现在进行时表示此刻正 在发生或进行的动作：C项现在完成时，表示在过去某个动 作或时间之前发生或完成的动作。 5.C句意：—你读过一本叫做《等待安娅》的书 吗？一谁写的？裉据句意可知，发问方是对过去的事情进 行提问，故排除A、B两项，因这两项都是现在时：而D项表 示过去的过去，也不符合本题的要求，故也被排除。 6.A句意：我一回到家就发现我把上衣忘在操场上 了。leave这个动作发生在found之前，表示过去的过去，用 过去完成时。 7.C句意：到他认识到已经中计的时候，再做任何事情 也无济于事了。根据句意可知，本句讲的是现在的事情，故 用现在时，排除B、D两项，本句强调“已经中计”，用完成时， 故答案为C。 专题七非谓语动词 十年高考母题原型训练 A组 题源1不定式 1.C考查非谓语动词。句意：我停下车来休息一会 儿，因为我感觉累了。此处动词不定式表目的，故选C。 2.D考查非谓语动词。句意为：如采他接受这项工 作，他除了面对更大的挑战别无选择。but前的句子无实义 动词do的某种形式(do,does,did,done等)时，后接带to 的不定式。have no choice but to do'“除做…之外别无选 择”。故选D项。 3.C考查非谓语动词。句意为：表达观点的能力和观 点本身一样重要。此处是固定用法the ability to do sth./of sth.意为“做某事的能力”。故远C项。 4.B考查非谓语动词。句意为：父亲节即将来临，我已 经从银行取了些钱要给父亲买礼物。此处应用动词不定式 作目的状语。故选B项。 5.D考查不定式。不定式的被动式作后置定语表示 被动关系及动作尚未发生。 6.B考查非谓语动词。句意：很多有天赋的演员在那 里，等着被人发现。discover与many talented actors之间是 动宾关系，且强调将来，故用不定式的被动语态。 7.B考查非谓语动词。句意为：看到寺院仍处于原始 的状态，我们感到很惊讶。空格处为动词不定式作状语，表 示原因，故远B项。 8.B考查非谓语动词。根据语意可知此处表示一个将 要发生的动作，所以用动词不定式，故远B。句意为：在这学 ·2 期结束之前我有大量的阀读要完成。C项作定语表示已经 完成，D项作定语表示正在进行，故都应排除。 9.B考查非谓语动词。此处应该用不定式the way to do sth,表示“做…的途径、方式”。we can imagine是the only way的定语从句，省略了先行词that。 10.B考查非谓语动词。此处是非谓语动词作后置定 语，由时间状语next month可知所填非谓语动词表示将来 的动作，用动词不定式，其逻辑主语是所修饰的名词b0ok,不 定式与逻辑主语是被动关系，故用不定式的被动式，故远 B项。 11,B句意：要想成为一名胜利者，你需要付出你的全 部并竭尽全力。根据句子与空格处非谓语动词的逻辑关系， 可知需用不定式作目的状语，故选B项。 12.A句意：我们被邀请参加下周五在我们俱乐部举 行的聚会。hold与party为动宾关系，所以hold应用被动形 式；to be held作后置定语，表示将来，修饰a party。 13.D句意：为了使项目及时完工，全体员工周未都在 加班。不定式一般式作目的状语。 14.D句意：说实话，这点工资没有足够的吸引力，但 工作本身还是非常有趣的。to be honest往往引导转折句， 其他选项明显不合题意。 15.B句意：当这位著名的女演员走进教室时，所有的 孩子都转过头去看她。此处用to look at表目的。 题源2动名词 1,D句意：我仍然记得曾被带去过法门寺，而且还记 得我在那里所看到的一切。此题考查动词remember的用 法。remember to do sth..记得要去做某事，事情未发生；re- member doing sth.记得已经做过某事，事情已经做完。根据句 中“what I saw there'”可知动作发生在过去，已完成，故排除A、 B。又因为take为及物动词，远C缺少宾语，成分不完整，故排 除此项。所以此处选动名词的被动式符合语法和句意。 2.C句意：比尔建议在假期召开一个有关上海世博会 事宜的会议。suggest doing sth.建议做某事。 题源3分词 1.A考查非谓语动词及状语从句的省略。状语从句 连词f之后省去了从句的主语，即主句的主语；而主句为祈 使句，默认主语为you:主语you与动词ask之间为被动关 系，故使用过去分词。故远A项。 2.C考查非谓语动词。此题there be句型的主语mail 后接后置定语，wait与mail之间为主动关系，且wait这个动 作正在进行，用现在分词，故选C项。 3.A考查非谓语动词。现在分词standing作 bookshelf的后置定语，表主动进行。 4.D考查非谓语动词。句意为：“这真是个不错的地 方。”妈妈一边坐到为客人准备好的桌子旁一边说道。 “table'”与“reserve'”之间存在被动关系。故选D项。 5.D考查非谓语动词。句意为：电影产业历史相对较 短，尤其是与其他诸如音乐、绘画等艺术形式相比较时。film 与compare是被动关系。故选D项。 6.A考查非谓语动词。句意为：我们站成长队，等着 商店开门去买新的iPad。we与stand之间是主动关系。故 选A项。 7.B考查非谓语动词。句意为：在填写完表格并署名 后，请将表格放在所提供的信封内交给我们。动词provide 与逻辑宾语envelope是被动关系。故选B项。 8.B考查非谓语动词。句意为：把一个重要的决定更 多地建立在情感的基础上而不是理性上，你迟平会后悔的。 you与base是主动关系。故远B项。 9.B考查非谓语动词。句意为：最近在两个不同的超 市进行的相同商品价格比较的调查，在市民之间引起了热 议。现在分词短语作后置定语，表示主动，可理解为which/ that compared..。故选B项。 10.A考查非谓语动词。句意为：看那边，有一条非常 长的、弯曲的小径通向那个房子。由句子结构可知，lead与 path之间构成主谓关系，用现在分词作后置定语。故选A项。 11.B考查非谓语动词。句意为：艾玛，坐下。你老站 着，只会弄得你更累。 12.C考查非谓语动词。句意：怀特夫人向她的学生展 示了一些从图书馆借来的旧地图。maps与borrow为动宾 关系，因此空白处应用过去分词作后置定语，故答案为C。 l3.C考查省略。前半句是“Though he was surprised to see us'”的省略形式。一殷情况下，如果状语从句的主语与 主句的主语相同，并且从句的谓语含有be动词，通常省略状 语从句中的主语和be动词。 14.C考查分词。现在分词短语作结果状语，表示自然 而然的结果。 15.C考查非谓语动词。句意：这位女士在商场转悠 着，留意着里面的减价商品。现在分词短语keeping an eye out for(留意，注意)作伴随状语。 16.D考查非谓语动词。题千中含有“get sth..done”结 构，表示“使某事被做”。句意为：Alexander试图使他的工作 被医学界认可。his work与recognize为逻辑上的动宾关系， 因此用过去分词作宾补。故远D项。 17.D考查非谓语动词。后半句是现在分词短语作状 ·2 语，表示伴随。B项表示动作尚未发生，与前半句内容矛盾。 18.C考查非谓语动词。根据语意可知，此处应用现在 分词完成式作伴随状语，且struggle这一动作发生在谓语动 作took之前，故用现在分词的完成式。句意：Dina在经过数 月努力找一份服务员的工作未果之后，最终在一个当地广告 事务所谋得了一个职位。 19.A考查非谓语动词。money和discover之间存在 动宾关系，故用过去分词形式discovered作定语，修饰 money。句意：到目前为止还没有人来认领在图书馆发现 的钱。 20.A考查非谓语动词。现在分词短语Looking at my classmates'faces在句中作状语，look在句子中与主语I是逻 辑上的主谓关系，因此用look的现在分词形式。 2l.A考查非谓语动词。动词advertise和名词 position是逻辑上的动宾关系，故用过去分词表示被动：过去 分词短语advertised in yesterday's China Daily在句中作 position的后置定语。B项表示将要发生的动作，不合题意。 22.B考查现在分词。句中现在分词作伴随状语。not trying...表示“不努力做…”，trying not.…表示“努力不 …”,意义不同。句意：律师专注地倾听着，努力不错过任 何要点。 23.A考查非谓语动词。keep十sb./sth.十done,根据 句意，$b.与它后面的动词成被动关系，故远A项。 24.A考查非谓语动词。现在分词作状语，表示正在 进行或主动的动作。此时分词的逻辑主语就是主句的主语， 因此要注意人称、时态和语态的一致性。 25.A考查非谓语动词。该空在句中为非谓语动词作 宾补，根据someone与call的主动关系排除D项。hear后接 不定式作宾补时应省略to,由此排除C项。由Listen可判断 此处表示正在求救，故远A项。 26.C考查非谓语动词。question与students存在被 动关系，question表示的动作也已完成，故用过去分词。 27.A句意：当我们参观我的老家时，记忆又涌上心 头。现在分词作方式状语。 28.B句意：因为两次被咬，邮递员拒绝给我们投递信 件，除非我们栓住我们的狗。过去分词作原因状语。主句主 语the postman与bite为逻辑上的被动关系，排除C项：D项表 示将来：A项表示进行：B项表示之前两次被咬，故远B项。 题源4非谓语动词难点辨析 1.A考查非谓语动词。主语sunlight与throw shadows之间为主动关系，故远A。 2.A考查非谓语动词。需辨明句子结构：句子谓语为 creates,其之前为主语，因此可以判断是非谓语动词作主语， 故远动名词作主语。 3.A考查非谓语动词及状语从句的省略。连词when 之后为状语从句的省略，非谓语动词treat的逻辑主语即为 主句主语health problems,判断它们之间的关系为被动关 系，即用过去分词即可。而being done意为“正在被…”； to be done意为“将被”。 4.C考查非谓语动词。句意为：你每天早晨醒来都感 觉精力充沛，并准各好开始新的一天吗？因you与feel之间 是主动关系，现在分词短语作伴随状语。故选C项。 5.A考查非谓语动词。句意为：中国修建了更多的高 速公路，使人们外出旅游更加容易了。此处需要用making 作结果状语。故远A项。 6.B考查非谓语动词。句意为：他接下来看见的是烟 从房子后升起来。he saw是the next thing的定语从句，省 略了关系代词that。smoke与rising之间是主动关系，故远 B项。 7.C考查非谓语动词。句意为：一接到他妻子的电话， 说她晕倒了，Mr Gordon立刻从办公室冲回家去了。由句子 结构可知，his wife与say之间是主动关系，故远C项。 8.C考查非谓语动词。cause与其逻辑主语之间是主 谓关系，而且下雨在前，造成水灾在后，故应用causing短语 作结果状语。 9.A考查with复合结构。lay意思是“摆放，搁”，和其 逻辑主语table是动宾关系，already表明动作已经完成，表 示被动和完成应该用动词的过去分词形式。句意为：起居室 既整洁又干净，为了正要做的饭，一张餐桌已经摆好了。 10.B考查非谓语动词。句意：四月份，成千上万的度 假者由于火山灰的影响而被滞留在国外。此处remain作系 动词，后接过去分词作表语，表示被动，故远择过去分词 stuck。 11,A考查非谓语动词。句意：这位退休老人把他大 部分的积蓄捐赠给了在玉树地震中被毁坏的那所学校，使学 生得以重返教室。此处是现在分词短语作状语。 12.D本题考查非谓语动词。裉据句子结构：主语：the traffic rule;谓语动词：says;宾语从句：young children under the age of four and less than 40 pounds must be in a child safety seat.宾语从句中的主千为：young children must be in a child safety seat.under the age of four and less than40 pounds用于修饰宾语从句主语children。动词 weigh与名词children是主动关系，所以远择weighing。句 意：交通法则规定四岁以下并且体重不超过四十磅的小孩必 ·2 须坐在儿童安全座上。 13.A考查非谓语动词。此处是非谓语动词做状语， 逻辑主语是句子的主语，非谓语动词与逻辑主语是被动关 系，且其动作在谓语动词动作之前已经完成，用过去分词，故 选A项。 14.B句意：虽然疲惫不堪，气喘吁吁，Andy和Ruby 还是第一批登上泰山山顶的人。分词和形容词短语作状语， 说明他们俩到达泰山山顶时的状况：又累又瑞不过气来。A 项表示目的：B项表示伴随或结果。D项表示原因。C项意 为“令人疲惫的”不合语意。 B组 题源1不定式 1.C句意：大卫威胁说，如果损失没有得到赔偿的话， 他就把邻居告到警察那去。threaten to do sth.威胁要做 某事。 2.D句意：现在人们有时把废弃物分开，为的是更容 易地再利用。for it中的it指代waste,与reuse构成被 动关系，注意句型“主语十动词十it十形容词十for..十todo to be done'”中不定式结构的运用。 3.C句意：随着世界的快速变化，我们每天都有新的问 题要独自处理。本题考查的是不定式作定语，have something to do,动词do逻辑上的主语是we,也就是句子 的主语。 4.A句意：他告诉我们是否出去野餐还在讨论中。这 里考查了非谓语动词的不定式结构作主语。该题目的新意 在于结合了whether引导的宾语从句结构，不定式to have a picnic作从句的主语。不定式结构能用于表示将来或未发生 的动作，而动词-ing形式常表示一殷性或常规的动作。 5.A句意：—这本书有你需要的信息吗？—有。 但是，为了查到它，我必须读整本书。本题考查动词不定式 在句中作目的状语，不定式部分汉语意思为：为了…。 6.D句意：为了按计划完成这项工程，我们必须每天 多工作两个小时。不定式短语to complete the project as planned在句中作目的状语。 7.A句意：如果有很多事要做的话，我会很高兴留下 来直到工作结束。A项todo可用来作a lot of work的定 语，表示将来。 8.C句意：他们欢迎我进入他们的协会，我感到很荣 幸。本题考查动词不定式在句中作状语。主语I与welcome 之间为被动关系，故用to be welcomed。 9.A句意：这条信息很重要，所以要尽快发出去。be supposed后接不定式结构，意为“理应，应该”，排除C项和D 项。it指message,message和send之间为被动关系，排除B 项，故A项为正确答案。 10.B句意：在夏季我喜欢早点起床。能呼吸到早上的 新鲜空气真好。to breathe在句中作状语，和主语the morning air之间存在逻辑上的动宾关系。在形容词easy,difficult, comfortable,heavy,expensive等词后常用不定式作状语，主动 表示被动。如：The problem is difficult to solve。 题源2动名词 1.D句意：—他们很安静，是吗？—是的，他们习 惯了在吃饭时不讲话。be accustomed to习惯，适应，等于be used to。这里to是介词，再根据句意，可知远D。 2.B句意：一些简单如喝凉水之类的事情可以帮你醒 脑并缓解压力。题千中第二个s可理解为介词，介词后须 用动名词形式，故远B。 3.B句意：我听说他们提拔了汤姆，但我们在电话中交 谈的时候，他并没有提到已被提拔。mention(提及)后跟-ing 形式，且promote与Tom之间是动宾关系，故用被动形式， 又因promote的动作发生在mention之前，故用完成式，因 此，B项符合语境要求。 题源3分词 1.C句意：受科技进步的激励，很多农民在他们的田地 上建起了风力发电农场。C项过去分词作原因状语，表示被 动。A项现在分词的被动式，表示正在进行：B项现在分词， 表示主动：D项现在分词的完成式，表示主动，表示此动作发 生在主句动作之前。 2.A句意：2009年4月，胡主席在青岛检阅了海军舰 队，这也是中国人民解放军海军成立60周年的标志。 3.B句意：一架小型飞机在城东五英里外的山坡上坠 毁，机上四人全部丧生。用kill的现在分词形式killing= which killed作结果状语。 4.C句意：每天晚饭后，如果不是很累，我会花一些时 间遛狗。此处为if I am not tired..的缩写。 5.A句意：29岁时，Dave是个工人，住在波士顿附近 的一所小公窝里，不知道他将来能千什么。worker后的逗 号表明该句用非谓语动词，两空为并列关系。 6.A句意：女士们，先生们，请在飞机完全停下来之 后，再离开座位。remain仍然是；保持不变，在这里是一个连 系动词。seat:t,用法：seat oneself;seat2 people;be/re main seated,保持坐着的状态，seated(=sitting)是由过去 分词变来的形容词，作remain的表语，表示状态。 7.D句意：告诉他好多次，最后他终于懂了。这道题 考查非谓语动词。句子主语是he,句子前半部分是一个非谓 ·2 语动词结构，he与动词tel】存在被动关系，而且动作存在先 后顺序。 8.D句意：如采得到正确的训练，这些少年足球选手 们有朝一日可能成为国际明星。句子主语these teenage soccer players和动词give之间为被动关系，故排除表示主动 意义的A、B、C三项。 9.D句意：和旧房子相比，Michael的新房子就像一座 巨大的宫殿。compare与逻辑主语Michael's new house之 间构成被动关系。 10.D句意：这是今年到目前为止在因特网上找到的 最滑稽可笑的事情之一。found为过去分词作后置定语。 being found是现在分词的被动形式，意为“正在被寻找”，不 符合语境，故排除。 11.C句意：获胜一方的粉丝们把帽子高高地抛向空 中，发出胜利的欢呼声。主句主语the fans与throw之间存 在逻辑上的主动关系，故排除B、D两项；to throw表示目的 或将来，不符合题意，故被排除，只有throwing符合题意。 12.B句意：在暴风雨中被吹倒的树已经被搬离了公 路。本题考查非谓语动词作定语。blow down与the trees 之间存在逻辑上的被动关系，因此排除C、D两项；being blown down表示“正被吹倒”，不合题意；blown down表示 “已经被吹倒”，合乎题意，故为答案。 13.A句意：鉴于她要去睡觉，我问她是否喜欢她床上 的那个小洋娃娃。seeing(that)由于，鉴于。B项to see用 作目的状语，意为：为了确保…，但tht从句的谓语动词是 going off to sleep,意为“去睡觉”，由此可判断与主句所表达 的内容不符，故被排除。 14.B句意：我的妹妹，一个骑自行车的生手，被发现正 坐在自行车上找平衡。本题考查非谓语动词作状语，主语 my sister与try之间为主动关系，首先排除D项；然后考虑 sit on the bicycle与try to balance it两者之间的先后关系， 可知B项为正确答案。 15.D句意：因为处于方便到达百老汇刷院及第五大 道的理想之地，纽约公园酒店成为大量客人的首选之地。0 cate与句子的主语构成逻辑上的动宾关系，表示原因。改为 状语从句后应为：Because it is ideally located for..e l6.B句意：请坐好，马上宣布获奖者。remain为系动 词，而seated已经形容词化了，经常用be seated或remain seated表示“就座”。 17.B句意：三月的下午走在田野里，他能够感觉到春 天的温暖。考查现在分词作状语。walking的逻辑主语与句 子的主语相同，且为主动关系。Walking in the fields..相当 于时间状语从句When he was walking in the fields.。 18.C句意：埃里克走进森林深处，没有意识到他已处 于危险当中。此题考查现在分词作状语，动词realize的逻辑 主语为Eric。 19.C句意：我们被领着参观了水立方之后又看了 2008年奥林匹克运动会的会场“鸟巢”。本题考查非谓语动 词作状语。句子的主语we和show之间为被动关系，排除A 项和D项，B项表目的，故只有C项符合题意。 20.C句意：我们花了不到规定时间的一半就结束了全 部的行程。allow与time之间是动宾关系，故用allowed作 定语修饰time. 21.D。句意：因为没打通他们的电话，我们只好给他们发 了一封电子邮件。考查非谓语动词作状语。句子的主语we和 fil之间是主动关系，不能用过去分词，故排除B项；A项是动词 原形只能作谓语：C项不定式只能表示目的：故D项正确。 22.C句意：—那些坐在教室后面的同学能听到我讲 话吗？一没问题，能听到。句子的主千部分是Can those.… hear me?所缺的成分在句子中作后置定语，补全后可变成： Can those who are seated at the back of the classroom hear me?这里are seated是一种状态，要是远B的话应该改成 sitting。 题源4非谓语动词难点辨析 1.B句意：有大量证据表明音乐活动调动大脑不同的 部位。现在分词indicating作定语修饰evidence。 2.C句意：下个月即将上演的戏剧主要是为了表现地 方文化。to be produced作后置定语，修饰名词play,表示 “将上演的”。produced表示“上演过的”，being produced表 示“正在上演的”。 3.C句意：既然我们已经讨论了我们的问题，人们对我 们所做的决定满意吗？此题考查非谓语动词。decisions与 take为被动关系，taken表示被动完成，故选C。taking表示 主动和进行，to take一般表示主动和将来。 4.D句意：他们运用电脑来保持交通畅通无阻。keep 后常接复合宾语，如果宾补是动词，应为doing(与宾语是主 动关系)或done(与宾语是被动关系)。 5.B句意：有人提醒经理不要错过15：20的航班，他匆 忙出发去了机场。本题考查非谓语动词作状语，主句主语 the manager与remind之间的关系为逻辑上的动宾关系，故 排除A、C、D三项，因为这三项表示主动，而只有B项表示 被动。 6.C句意：今年中国各学校将聘用50000名大学毕业 生作为短期教师，这个数字是去年的近3倍，旨在减轻就业 ·2 压力。本题主要考查的是非谓语动词的用法，to help..作目 的状语。 7.A句意：早饭他只喝自己农场种的新鲜水果榨出来 的果汁。此题考查非谓语动词作后置定语。fruit与grow为 被动关系，故排除D远项；being grown正被种植；tobe grown将要被种植，均不合题意，所以选A项。 8.D句意：他们都尽力使用工作站的力量来更加有效 地呈现信息。to present为不定式作目的状语。 9.C句意：在政府的援助下，那些受到地震影响的人们 已经搬到新的住宅区。用affect的过去分词形式作主语 those的后置定语，表示“受到地震影响的人们”。 10.B句意：政府打算引入一些促使家长们对孩子的教 育更加负责的法律。forcing是现在分词作定语，修饰new laws。相当于定语从句that/which force 11.A句意：露西新工作的收入是以前在饭店工作收 入的两倍。将本题补充一下为：Lucy's new job paid twice as much as (the money)she had made when she was working in the restaurant.Lucy's new job paid twice as much as she had made working in the restaurant。本题考查的是现在分 词表示伴随，修饰she had made。 12.C句意：为了把英语学好，我们应当尽可能抓住一 切机会去听别人讲英语。本题关健要意识到English和 speak之间是被动关系，故远C项。 13.C句意：考虑什么使“方便”食品如此受欢迎并介绍 自己更喜欢的食品都是值得的。根据句意可知设空处与 considering为并列关系，故正确答案为C。 14.A句意：苏珊不想依赖父母，想独立。她尝试着一 个人生活，但她不喜欢这种生活而搬回家了。try doing sth. 试着做某事；try to do sth.努力做某事。C、D两种结构都是 错误的，所以只有A项符合题意。 15.B句意：他忙着编故事，偶尔停下来吸支烟。此题 易错远A。但only to do表示结果，而根据题意可知，此处表 示伴随，且stop几乎与was busy同时发生，故用B项，而 having stopped表示此动作先于主句谓语动词动作发生，与 题意明显不符。 16.D句意：我们要花两个星期来焦急地等待实验的 结果。have a/an good/hard/anxious time(in)doing sth.为 固定用法，此句的time换成了couple of weeks。故选D项。 17.C句意：排队等了半个小时之后，那个老人忽然意 识到他把支票忘在车上了。这里是一个v.-ing形式作状语 表示时间，可以排除BD选项，因为不定式表示目的，不符合 题感。A项waiting是现在分词的一殷式，所表示的动作往 往和主句谓语动词的动作同时发生，C项having waited所表 示的动作往往已经发生或先于主句的谓语动词发生，根据题 意等了半小时之后才意识到，故选C项。 专题八情态动词和虚拟语气 十年高考母题原型训练 A组 题源1情态动词 l.C考查情态动词。根据后文“although he tried to” 可知他不能入睡。故答案远C。 2.A考查情态动词。译为：不可能有人比他更慷慨： 他有着一颗金子般的心。根据句子意思，答案选A。 3.B考查情态动词。句意为：我们离开家的这段时间， 你对我的儿子的照顾有加，我不能再感谢得更多了。A项 “不愿意”；B项“不能够”；C项“可以，能够”：D项“愿意”。故 远B。 4.C考查情态动词。句意为：几天之后，我哥哥打电话 说他很好，而不愿意说他在哪里。根据句意可知，答案选C。 5.C考查情态动词。句意为：规章制度中的一条是每 个学生在校期间应该穿着校服。在第三人称的表示规章条 例的陈述句中，用shal表示义务，意为“应该”。故选C。 6.C考查情态动词。句意为：一你现在非要打断我 吗？你没看见我在打电话吗？—对不起先生，但是事情紧 急。ust表示必要性时意为“非要，偏要”，符合句意。故 选C。 7.A考查情态动词辨析。句意：耐心点儿，你不能指 望世界立刻发生变化。can't表示“不能”；needn't“不必”； may not表示“不可能”：will not表示“不会”。只有A符合 语意。 8.A考查情态动词。根据下一句中的内容可知M Harding现在“不能”见你。can't不能；mustn't表示“禁止”； shouldn't表示“不应该”；needn't表示“不必”。 9.D考查情态动词。根据题千中的“emergency exit"” 可知“此处是不允许停车的”，故用mustn't表示禁止。 10.A考查情态动词。句意：我已告诉你真相。一定要 我再重复吗？must必定，必须；can可能；may可以；wil愿 意，将。 11.C考查情态动词辨析。语意为：医生说，锻炼对于 健康很重要，但是必须是经常的锻炼。情态动词ust表示 “必须”，符合语意。 12.D。杰克把他的父亲描述成一个意志坚强的人，此 处表示的是对过去事实的推测，所以用must have done结 ·2 构。注意句中有一个非限制性定语从句将主句分隔开了。 13.D考查情态动词。语意：你不必买礼物，但如果你 想买也可以。don't have to意为“不必”，符合语意。 l4.A考查“情态动词十have done”的用法。needn't have done表示“本来不必要做但已经做了”，符合语意。 must have done只能用于肯定句；couldn't have done本不可 能但已经做了某事。 l5.C考查情态动词。从“There''s no one of that name here”可知“你一定弄错号码了”。此处表示“肯定的推测”， 故用must。can常表示一种“理论上的”可能性，need和 would不表推测，所以远C项。 16.B考查情态动词。must在这里表示推测，意思是 “一定”。语意：你一定是Peters夫人。其他几项不合语意。 17.A考查情态动词。由下半句“让我做噩梦”可以看 出，我很后悔看了那部电影，表示做了不该做的事情要用 shouldn't have done结构。语意为：我不该看这部电影的，因 为它会让我做噩梦。needn't have done表示做了没有必要做 的事情：couldn't have done表示不可能做某事；D项不存在 这种用法。 18.B考查情态动词。may表示征求对方的许 可。—我能将书带出吗？—恐怕不行。 19.D考查情态动词用法辨析。以may开头的问句， 在肯定回答中表示给予许可，可用may或can,但在否定回 答中要用mustn't,表示禁止。 20.B考查情态动词。此处shall用于第二人称表示说 话人的承诺。 题源2虚拟语气 1.C考查虚拟语气。根据句意，如果这样的话（乔治 已经通过驾照考试)，他昨天就驾车来我们大学了，可知是对 过去的虚拟。Ifso-If he had passed the driving test,.主句使 用情态动词十have done。故答案选C。 2.B考查虚拟语气。此题为f引导的虚拟条件句，从 句时间为before,故是对过去的虚拟，用过去完成时态，主句 时间为ow,故是对现在的虚拟，因此用情态动词过去式接 动词原形，答案为B。 3.A考查虚拟语气。虚拟条件句主句和从句均为对 过去的虚拟，f从句使用过去完成时态，故选A。 4.D考查虚拟语气。句意为：对不起，我现在很忙，如 果我有时间，我一定会和你一起出去。由主句中would g0可 知，句子考查对现在的虚拟，从句用一般过去时，故答案 为D。 5.D考查虚拟语气。句意为：Grace不想搬去纽约，因