专题七 非谓语动词 题源1 不定式-【备战高考】备战2027高考英语母题题源同步练

专题七非谓语动词 考纲·题型解读 1.不容置疑，高考将继续加强对非谓语动词的考查，而且对分词的考查仍是重点。设题点已从非谓语作状语开始向其他考 点特别是非谓语作补语发展。而且试题将继续呈现出“情景化”和“设问角度的多样化”的特征，但试题的难度将会有所控制。 2.考查立意有所改变，从原来的立意较低，主要考查非谓语的一些最基本的用法，上升到考查非谓语中较为复杂的形式，而 且题目的设置注意了情景化和结构复杂化，不再单独考查非谓语，而是在题干中加入了定语从句等，加大了难度。 3.非谓语作状语仍是命题中的热点，此类题仍占非谓语考查的50%之多，而且设问的角度呈现多样化趋势。 4.考查非谓语动词的题型多为选择填空题。 非谓语动词的句法功能 名称 主语 宾语 宾语补足语 表语 定语 状语 不定式 L 动名词 √ √ 现在分词 过去分词 十年高考母题题源揭秘 题源1不定式 嗅，我忘了关了。 Mr.Brown wants to understand further what the 解题模型1.1 author meant..布朗先生想进一步了解作者的意思。 动词不定式的语法功能（句子成分） (2)动词不定式作tell,show,understand,explain, 1.作主语。如： teach,learn,advise,discuss,know等动词的宾语时，前面 To know all about English is one thing,to know Eng- 常带有疑问词。如： lish is quite another,.知道有关英语的知识是一回事，而懂 He showed us how to do the work. 英语又是另外一回事。 他指给我们看如何做这份工作。 To master a foreign language is not easy. He doesn't know whether to stay or not. 精通一门外语不容易。 他不知道是留下还是不留下。 动词不定式作主语时，通常用“it”作形式主语代替“t0 4.作定语 d0”。如： 不定式作定语必须后置，即放在所修饰的名词或代词 It's not easy to master a foreign language. 的后面，通常要注意以下几种情况： 精通一门外语不容易。 (1)被修饰的名词或代词是不定式的逻辑宾语。如： 2.作表语。如： Have you got anything to say for yourself? His wish is to be1 doctor.他希望当一名医生。（不定 你有要为你自己说的话吗？ 式说明主语的内容) Mr.White is a worker,but he has got a large family I was about to leave when he walked into my room. to support. 我正要离开房间时，他走了进来。（不定式表示将来） 怀特先生是一名工人，但他要养一大家人。 3.作宾语 (2)被修饰的名词或代词是不定式的逻辑主语。如： (1)不定式作宾语常接在一些及物动词后。如： Captain Cook was the last one to leave the sinking -The light in the office is still on. ship.库克船长是最后一个离开正在下沉的船的人。 一办公室的灯还亮着呢。 He is always the first to come to school in the Oh,I forgot to turn it off. morning.早上他总是第一个来到学校的人。 (3)不定式说明它所修饰的名词或代词的内容。如： ·63· There is no need to give children so much money. 类似的常见短语还有to be frank,to be true,to tell 没有必要给孩子们这么多钱。 (you)the truth,to begin with,to be honest等。 Her wish to become an artist came true at last. 9.不定式的独立主格结构 她最终实现了想成为一名艺术家的愿望。 由“名词或代词十不定式”构成独立结构。如： (4)不及物动词构成的不定式作定语要加介词。如： More time to be given,they will make much more They got a wonderful piece of music to dance to. progress.如果能给更多的时间，他们会取得更大的进步。 他们得到了一段很好的音乐用来伴舞。 The exam to be held next week,I can't go with you. Because of air pollution being greatly reduced,this city 因为下周要考试，所以我不能跟你一起去。 is still a good place to live in. 10.不定式有时可以表示条件。如： 因为这个城市的空气污染得到了很大的改善，所以， To look at him,you'd like him. 它仍然是一个好的居住地。 =If you are to look at him,you'd like him. (5)有些及物动词构成的不定式作定语仍需带上介 词。如： )[真题1](2023·北京)Volunteering gives you a chance He has got a pair of thick glasses to read with. lives,including your own. 他阅读时戴的是一副深度的眼镜。 A.change B.changing 5.作状语 C.changed D.to change (1)不定式作目的状语，位于句首时，用逗号隔开：位 [解析]考查非谓语动词。句意为：志愿者工作让你有一 于句尾时，不用逗号隔开。如： 个可以改变生活的机会，包括你自己的生活。动词不定式作 To make a living,he had to work hard. chance的后置定语。 为了谋生，他只有拼命地工作。 [答案]D His stepmother did all she could to help him. )[真题2] (2023·湖南) warm at night,I 他的继母尽其所能帮助他。 would fill the woodstove,then set my alarm clock for (2)不定式作结果状语一般表示出乎意料的结果。如： midnight so I could refill it. He hurried to the station only to find the train had left. A.Staying B.Stayed 他匆忙赶到车站，却发现火车已经开走了。 C.To stay D.Stay I woke up to find everybody gone this morning. [解析]考查非谓语动词。句意为：晚间为了保暖，我会先 今天早上，我醒来时发现大家都走了。 把柴炉加满，然后设置午夜的闹钟，到时再重新加满。此处考查 (3)不定式作原因状语，其主要用于形容词作表语时， 动词不定式表目的，故选C项。 表示喜、怒、哀、乐等。如： [答案]C I'm very glad to see you again. )[真题3](2023·重庆)The engine just won't start. 我真高兴能再次见到你。 Something seems wrong with it. He is ready to help others all the time. A.to go B.to have gone 他总是乐意帮助别人。 C.going D.having gone 6.作宾语补足语或主语补足语 [解析]考查非谓语动词。这个引擎发动不了，看起来好 常带todo作宾补的动词有：alow,permit,,want, 像出了什么毛病。动词seem之后用不定式，排除C、D项；todo ask,cause,encourage,expect,force,invite,order,warn, 表将来，to have done表完成。故选B项。 tell,consider,require,advise,teach,urge等。如： [答案]B 比较：(l)Mr.Black invited me to have a dinner )[真题4](2023·山东)George returned after the war, with him. only that his wife had left him. 布莱克先生邀请我和他一起吃晚餐。(to have的逻辑 A.to be told B.telling 主语是me) C.being told D.told (2)Mr.Black promised me to have a dinner with me. [解析]考查非谓语动词。句意为：George在战后返回了 布莱克先生答应和我一起吃晚餐。(to have的逻辑主 故乡，结果却被告知他的妻子已经离开了他。only to do sth.可 语是Mr.Black) 看作一个固定结构，意思是“没料到（结果）…”。故选A项。 7.不定式作同位语。如： [答案]A His wish to be a sailor never comes true. )[真题5](2023·安微)Tom asked the candy makers if 他想成为一名海员的愿望从来没有实现。 they could make the chocolate easier into small I've no idea where to hold the party. pieces. 我不知道在哪举办这次晚会。 A.break B.breaking C.broken D.to break 8.不定式作独立成分（插入语）。如： [解析]考查非谓语动词。句意为：汤姆问蛋糕师们是否 To be fair,he has worked hard these days. 他们能把巧克力做得更容易切成小片。形容词easy后跟动词不 说句公道话，他这些天工作很努力。 定式，且“easier into small pieces'”作make的宾语补足 64 语。故选D项。 解题模型1.3 [答案]D “wh-”疑问词十不定式的用法 解题模型1.2 不定式可以和疑问代词who,whom,whose,what, which,副词when,how,where,连词whether,asif连用， 动词不定式的几种形式及意义 在句中起名词作用，可作主语、宾语、宾语补足语、表语等 主动形式 被动形式 成分。如： 一般式 to do to be done How to get there is a big problem.(作主语) 进行式 to be doing to be being done The question is where to find the answer.(作表语) 完成式 I can tell you where to get the dictionary.(作宾语补足语) to have done to have been done I really didn't know which one to choose..(作宾语) 1.不定式的进行式表示动作正在进行，完成式表示动 Last summer,I took a course on how to make dresses. 作发生于谓语动词之前，常用于pretend,believe,prove, 〔作介词宾语) seem,consider等词之后。如： The professor paused as if to expect his students to The boy pretended to be working hard when the ask questions on the point he had just made.(作状语) teacher came in,当老师进来时，这个男孩假装正用功 学习。 )「真题7](2002·NMET)It is said that in Australia She seems to have forgotten her promise. there is more land than the government knows 看起来她好像已经忘了她的承诺。 A.it what to do with 2.不定式的被动形式表示不定式的逻辑主语是不定 B.what to do it with 式所表示的动作的承受者。如： C.what to do with it This painting is said to have been drawn by a little girl. D.to do what with it 据说这幅画是一个小女孩画的。 [解析]本题考查“疑问词十不定式”和动词短语do with Volunteer workers asked to be sent where they were 的用法，根据本题的意思可以看出，由于kow不可以直接跟动 most needed.志愿工作者们要求被派到最需要他们的 词不定式而排除D:“疑问词十不定式”结构当然要把疑问词置 地方。 于前面，从而排除A;what.do with..实际上是一个常用的短 语，在短语中what作do的宾语，句中的it作介词with的宾语。 )[真题6] (2023·四川)The airport next year [答案]C will help promote tourism in this area. A.being completed B.to be completed C.completed D.having been completed [解析]考查非谓语动词。句意为：明年即将完工的飞机 场将会有助于促进这个地区的旅游业。此处需要填上一个非谓 语动词作the airport的后置定语；根据标志词next year及句意 可知非谓语动词表示将来动作，故选动词不定式to be completed (将被完成)：而A项“正在被…”；C项“已被”：D项常作状语。 [答案]B ·65 解题模型1.4 解题模型2.1 动词不定式“to”的省略 动名词的语法功能 1.使役动词和感观动词的宾语补足语要省略“to”,变 1.作主语。如： 为被动式时，成为主语的补足语须加上“to”(前面已讲述)。 Reading aloud is very important in learning a foreign 2.有些动词的宾语省略“0”，在一些固定结构中动词不 language. 定式也须省略“to”。如： 2.作表语。如： He can't help (to)do me a favor. My job is teaching English. Looking at the photos,he can't but laugh.(can not but 3.作宾语。如： do=can't help doing情不自禁) I can't understand his giving up such a well-paid job. 3.不定式作表语或表语补足语时，它的前面出现过do 4.作定语。如： 的各种形式时可省略“to”。如： Who won the swimming competition? All he can do is(to)wait.(不定代词作主语) What he can do is(to)wait,(what引导的主语从句) )[真题9](2023·江苏)Shortly after suffering from a The only thing he can do is(to)wait.(带有thing的先 massive earthquake and to ruins,the city took 行词作主语) on a new look. There's nothing to do but/except wait.(前面有“do"时) A.reducing 前面有“do”,不定式解释d0的内容，所以要省去“to”。 B.reduced There's nothing to say but to wait..(此时“to"不能省) C.being reduced 4.有些连词连接的不定式要省略“to”。 D.having reduced prefer to do...rather than do... [解析]考查非谓语动词。首先判断此处是由and连接的 to do...and do... 和suffering from并列的动名词形式；而reduce与主语city之间 如：I prefer to stay home rather than go out. 为被动关系，故选C项。 She told her children to stay there and wait till she [答案]C came back. )[真题10](2023·四川)Lydia doesn't feel like 5.在when,f,what,as等引导的从句中，若有Iike, abroad.Her parents are old. want,wish等时，则省略“to”。如： A.study You can stay here as long as you like. B.studying You can come whenever you like. C.studied 6.Why not do.？=Why don't you do..?用来提出建 D.to study 议时不用“to”。 [解析]考查非谓语动词。句意为：Lydia不想去国外学 习，她的父母都年纪大了。feel like doing是固定用法，意为“想 )[真题8](2023·陕西)Let those in need that 要做某事”，故选B项。 we will go all out to help them. [答案]B A.to understand B.understand )[真题I1](2o05·上海)He got well-prepared for the C.understanding D.understood job interview,for he couldn't risk the good op- [解析]考查非谓语动词。句意：让那些有需要的人了解 portunity. 我们将会出去帮助他们。动词let后接动词原形understand作 A.to lose B.losing 宾补，与宾语those in need之间为主动关系，构成短语let sb.do C.to be lost D.being lost sth.。故选B项。 [解析]本题考查sk一词的用法，其后面只能接动名词 [答案]B 作宾语，即risk doing sth.。 题源2动名词 [答案]B ( )[真题12](2005·北京)lt's necessary to be prepared for an interview. the answers ready will be of great help. A.To have had B.Have C.Having had D.Having [解析]考查非谓语动词。动名词可直接作主语，排除A、 B两项，由于该动作为陈述一个事理，故用动名词的一般式而不 是完成式。 [答案]D ·66