Unit 6 Crossing Cultures（重难词汇精练）英语新教材鲁教版（五四学制）八年级上册

**基本信息** 以“基础-语境-语篇”三级进阶体系整合跨文化主题词汇，通过词形转化、情境应用与语篇理解培养语言能力与文化意识。 **专项设计** |模块|题量/典例|题型特征|知识逻辑| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |词汇基础练|汉译英（30+单词/短语）、词汇拓展（14词形转换）|聚焦词形转化（如embarrass→embarrassed）与基础释义|从核心词汇到派生词，构建“词根-词性-语义”关联| |词汇语境练|适当形式填空（15题）、单词拼写（20题）、完成句子（10题）|结合跨文化情境（如餐桌礼仪）考查词汇应用|将词汇嵌入具体文化场景，实现“词-句-情境”衔接| |词汇语篇练|语法填空（2篇）、阅读理解（2篇）|通过文化主题语篇（如拜师礼、跑马排习俗）综合考查|以语篇为载体，融合词汇、语法与文化理解，提升跨文化思维|

Unit 6 Crossing Cultures词汇专项过关 词汇基础练 词汇语境练 词汇语篇练 一、汉译英 英文 中文 英文 中文 单词 v. (shook, shaken) 摇动；握手 v.&n. 鞠躬 v. 碰，撞 n. 碰撞，肿块 n. 拳头 v. 摩擦；揉 v. 亲吻 n. 吻 n. 脸颊 v.&n. 拥抱 adj.（人）尴尬的 adj.（人）困惑的 adj. 正式的 n. 咖喱菜 adj. 粗鲁的 adj. 罕见的，不寻常的 n. 手掌 n. 合十礼用语，有礼了 n. 叉子 adj. 印度的 n. 印度人 n. 方式；(pl.manners) 礼仪 adj.（事物）令人困惑的 conj. 除非；如果不 adj. 恰当的，正确的 n. 手肘 adj. 分菜用的 n. 一份食物 n.(pl.) 筷子 adj.（事物）使人难堪的 adj. 文化的；与文化相关的 n. 习俗 n. 场合；重大活动 adv. 漂亮地；令人愉快地 n.（女式）衬衫 / 短上衣 adj. 私人的；隐私的 conj. 是否 adj. 已婚的 adj. 不安全的；危险的 adj. 不合适的 adj. 非正式的 n. 牛仔裤 v. 结婚；娶；嫁 v. 祝贺 adj. 亚洲的 n. 亚洲人 n. 传统 adv. 第一；首先 adv. 第二；其次 adv. 第三 adv. 正确地；得体地 v. 收到 adj. 主要的 短语 如此…… 以至于 坐直 使避开；不触碰 公筷 习惯于 收到…… 的消息 大有帮助；作用很大 四十多岁 书信结束语；结束写信 2、 词汇拓展（单词变形） 学科网（北京）股份有限公司1 / 5 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 1.embarrass → ______(adj. 人感到尴尬的) /______(adj. 事物令人难堪的) 2.confuse → ______(adj. 人感到困惑的) /______(adj. 事物令人困惑的) 3.form → ______(adj. 正式的) /______(adj. 非正式的) 4.common → ______(adj. 罕见的；不寻常的) 5.proper → ______(adj. 不合适的) /______(adv. 正确地；得体地) 6.culture → ______(adj. 文化的) 7.marry → ______(adj. 已婚的) 8.safe → ______(adj. 不安全的；危险的) 9.tradition → ______(adj. 传统的) 10.Asia → ______(adj. 亚洲的 /n. 亚洲人) 11.impress → ______(n. 印象) 12.correct → ______(adv. 正确地；得体地) 13.private → ______(n. 隐私) 14.polite → ______(adj. 粗鲁的) 一、用所给词适当形式填空 1. The little girl felt __________ (embarrass) when she made table mistakes. 2. This cross-cultural story is really __________ (confuse) for new learners. 3. We need to wear __________ (form) clothes for the business meeting. 4. It is __________ (common) to hug strangers in some Eastern countries. 5. It’s __________ (proper) to put your elbows on the table while eating. 6. These books about __________ (culture) differences are very useful. 7. My aunt is __________ (marry) to a man from South Asia. 8. It is __________ (safe) to walk alone in unknown foreign streets at night. 9. We all love the __________ (tradition) food from different Asian countries. 10. This travel book leaves a deep __________ (impress) on all readers. 11. You should answer foreign guests __________ (correct) and politely. 12. We hope to keep our __________ (private) when visiting others’ homes. 13. We talked __________ (nice) with local people during the trip. 14. Many __________ (Asia) students learn western table manners at school. 15. If you want __________ (congratulate) others, you can use proper body language. 二、单词拼写 1. We usually __________ (握手) with others to show friendliness. 2. Japanese people often __________ (鞠躬) when they meet each other. 3. Don’t __________ (摩擦) your eyes when talking with elders. 4. She gave her mother a warm __________ (拥抱) after returning home. 5. His face turned red because he felt __________ (尴尬的). 6. It’s __________ (粗鲁的) to speak loudly at formal dinners. 7. Put your food on your __________ (手掌) before passing it. 8. Use a __________ (叉子) and chopsticks to enjoy the curry. 9. We should learn different kinds of table __________ (礼仪). 10. You will feel __________ (困惑的) without knowing local customs. 11. You can’t pass the exam __________ (除非) you study hard. 12. Keep your __________ (手肘) off the table during meals. 13. We need a pair of __________ (筷子) when eating Chinese food. 14. This old __________ (习俗) has lasted for hundreds of years. 15. We met on a special __________ (场合) last summer. 16. This beautiful silk __________ (女式衬衫) is from India. 17. Don’t ask others’ __________ (私人的) information casually. 18. I hope to __________ (收到) your letter soon. 19. What’s your main __________ (印象) of western culture? 20. We should respect every country’s __________ (传统). 三、完成句子 1. 他太小了，以至于不能理解异国礼仪。 He is ________________________ understand foreign manners. 2. 吃饭的时候你应该坐直，不要趴在桌子上。 You should ________________________ and not lie on the table while eating. 3. 请把你的手避开餐桌中间，不要挡住别人。 Please ________________________ the middle of the table and don’t block others. 4. 在中国家庭聚餐时我们会使用公筷。 We will use ________________________ during Chinese family dinners. 5. 他现在已经习惯了不同国家的问候方式。 He ________________________ different greeting ways of other countries now. 6. 我上周收到了来自外国笔友的消息。 I ________________________ my foreign pen pal last week. 7. 一句简单的感谢会起到很大作用。 A simple word of thanks can ________________________. 8. 这位学者四十多岁的时候开始研究文化差异。 The scholar began to study cultural differences ________________________. 9. “此致”是书信里标准的结束语。 “Yours sincerely” is a standard ________________________ in letters. 10. 聚会结束时我们会大声举杯说干杯。 We will raise our glasses and say ________________________ at the end of the party. 一、语法填空 （25-26八年级下·辽宁抚顺·期末）阅读短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或用括号内所给词的正确形式填空，使短文通顺、连贯。 There was a traditional way to start learning in ancient China. Before beginning their studies, students met their teachers in a very special way. It was called the Bai Shi Ceremony, which marked the beginning of 1 (they) learning journey. At the ceremony, students showed great thanks to their teachers while they 2 (greet) their teachers. Instead of shaking hands or saying hello, they bowed three times. They gave their teachers a cup of tea, 3 they also wrote a Bai Shi Tie. These acts meant, “I trust you, teacher. I’m ready to learn 4 you.” In return, the teacher made 5 promise. He would treat the student like a family member. The teacher didn’t just teach 6 (skill) . He helped the student become an honest person who never tells lies and learn to live a life 7 (wise) . This deep relationship between teacher and student was one of 8 (important) hearts of education. We 9 (pass) down traditional teacher-student culture from generation to generation (世世代代) already. Today, we don’t hold this ceremony anymore, but many students still show love to their teachers. A kind word, a smile, or a thank-you note can all be great ways 10 (express) thanks. These small acts keep the spirit of the Bai Shi Ceremony alive, reminding us that respect and gratitude will always be important in learning. （25-26八年级下·福建厦门·期末）阅读下面短文，根据语境、音标或所给单词的提示，在每个空格内填入一个或两个恰当的词，要求所填的词意义准确、形式正确，使短文意思完整、行文连贯。 Have you heard of paomapai? In Yangquan, Shanxi, there is a village named Xiadongzhai. Paomapai is one of the most important 1 (custom) there. In ancient times, the village was a military passage (军事通道). Messengers (信使) rode horses and passed across it to take messages. Over time, horse-riding has 2 (become) a local event. Every year, on the 16th day of the first lunar month, the riders perform by 3 (travel) quickly across an ancient village street on horseback. The village has taken actions 4 (keep) the custom alive. For example, it has set up a training centre to inspire the youth to learn horse-riding. Many young people are 5 (will) to join it. There, some experienced riders teach them how to ride 6 (correct) and safely. This year, the paomapai celebration was on March 4th. 30 riders took part 7 the event. Amazingly, more than 60% of them were born after 1995, and the youngest rider is 24 years old. Dong Jinxiang, a truck 8 (drive), was the lead rider. Wearing ancient clothes, he was so proud of 9 (he) when he took over the role of “messenger” from 51-year-old Dong Huping. Last year, many visitors from other areas came to watch the exciting event, and some media 10 (report) it. The custom remains a cultural symbol of the village, and it helps the youth build a strong sense of pride in their hometown. 二、阅读理解 （25-26八年级下·广东肇庆·期末）When travelling abroad, knowing local customs and table manners is very important to avoid embarrassing moments. Different cultures have different ways to show respect, and small mistakes can leave a bad impression. Take greeting styles for example. In Japan, people usually bow when meeting others. The deeper they bow, the more respect they show. In France, people often kiss on the cheek to greet friends, while in India, people press their palms together and say “Namaste”. Unless you know these rules, you might feel confused when someone greets you in an unexpected way. Table manners are also different. In China, it’s polite to wait for older people to start eating. In the UK, people hold the knife in the right hand and the fork in the left. In India, people often eat with their hands, and using the left hand to pass food is considered rude. Some rules are surprising. In Mexico, it’s not polite to arrive on time for a party — being 15 to 30 minutes late is acceptable. In Thailand, touching someone’s head is rude, as people believe the head is the most important part of the body. All in all, learning these small but important rules can help you adapt to new cultures quickly and enjoy your trip more. 1．What is the main purpose of the passage? A．To introduce popular travel places B．To teach different ways of greeting people C．To explain why table manners are the same everywhere D．To tell readers about important cultural customs abroad 2．What does the underlined word “acceptable” in Paragraph 4 probably mean? A．allowed B．rude C．strange D．early 3．According to the passage, which of the following is TRUE? A．In Japan, people bow to show they are embarrassed B．In the UK, people use forks in their right hands C．In India, it’s rude to pass food with the left hand D．In France, people never bring gifts to parties 4．What is the structure of the passage? A．B． C． D． 5．Which can be the best title for the passage? A．Amazing Travel Experiences B．Different Cultural Manners C．Popular Foreign Countries D．Special Dinner Parties （25-26八年级下·江西南昌·期末）For centuries, China has been known as “a state of ceremony”, which means Liyi Zhibang. There was much greeting etiquette in ancient China. And the fist-and-palm salute (拱手礼) was quite a classic example. Today, although Chinese people usually shake hands when meeting friends and relatives, people still make fist-and-palm salutes when they are paying a visit to someone during the Spring Festival or attending someone’s wedding or birthday party. The fist-and-palm salute has a history of more than 3,000 years. Since the Western Zhou Dynasty, people had already performed it when meeting peers (同辈). In ancient times, if people met a stranger, they would prepare for a fight if necessary, and their hands were always ready to hold any weapon (武器). Holding hands together, pointed towards themselves, was a gesture of saying “relax”, meaning “I’m not with any weapon and I’m not here to pick a fight”. Later, it became the etiquette when people met each other or showed thanks. So, how should people do the fist-and-palm salute properly? Firstly, stand at attention. If you’re a man, make a half fist (拳) with your right hand, then hold the right hand with your left hand in front of your chest, look at the person, raise both hands to your eyebrows, bend down and shake hands gently three times. At the same time, you can also say some lucky greeting words. If you’re a woman, you should do it the other way—the right hand on top. People may be more familiar with the hold-fist salute, called bao quan li in Chinese. It is widely used among the kung fu masters and students. This gesture is formed by holding the right fist very tightly closed and covering it with the left hand open, and extending both arms a little forward in front of the chest. Make sure the left thumb (拇指) is close to the index finger (食指) and don’t point it at yourself, as it shows impoliteness. 1．What does the underlined word “etiquette” in Paragraph 1 mean? A．Need. B．Manners. C．Dances. D．Groups. 2．Which picture shows the CORRECT way to do the hold-fist salute? A． B． C． D． 3．Why did people in ancient China use the fist-and-palm salute when meeting strangers? A．To show they were not carrying weapons and didn’t want to fight B．To greet each other with a polite bow C．To practice Kung Fu moves D．To show respect to the elderly. 4．What can we learn from the passage? A．There are no standards for these two salutes. B．The fist-and-palm salute is more common in kung fu. C．Now, people celebrate one’s birthday with the hold-fist salute. D．These two salutes seem similar, but they are quite different. 5．How does the writer organize the passage? A．By telling a moving story about ancient greetings B．By introducing the history and the correct ways of the two salutes C．By comparing Chinese salutes with foreign greeting ways D．By listing different ideas on traditional etiquette. $Unit 6 Crossing Cultures词汇专项过关 词汇基础练 词汇语境练 词汇语篇练 一、汉译英 英文 中文 英文 中文 单词 shake v. (shook, shaken) 摇动；握手 bow v.&n. 鞠躬 bump v. 碰，撞 n. 碰撞，肿块 fist n. 拳头 rub v. 摩擦；揉 kiss v. 亲吻 n. 吻 cheek n. 脸颊 hug v.&n. 拥抱 embarrassed adj.（人）尴尬的 confused adj.（人）困惑的 formal adj. 正式的 curry n. 咖喱菜 rude adj. 粗鲁的 uncommon adj. 罕见的，不寻常的 palm n. 手掌 namaste n. 合十礼用语，有礼了 fork n. 叉子 Indian adj. 印度的 n. 印度人 manner n. 方式；(pl.manners) 礼仪 confusing adj.（事物）令人困惑的 unless conj. 除非；如果不 proper adj. 恰当的，正确的 elbow n. 手肘 serving adj. 分菜用的 n. 一份食物 chopstick n.(pl.) 筷子 embarrassing adj.（事物）使人难堪的 cultural adj. 文化的；与文化相关的 custom n. 习俗 occasion n. 场合；重大活动 nicely adv. 漂亮地；令人愉快地 blouse n.（女式）衬衫 / 短上衣 private adj. 私人的；隐私的 whether conj. 是否 married adj. 已婚的 unsafe adj. 不安全的；危险的 improper adj. 不合适的 informal adj. 非正式的 jeans n. 牛仔裤 marry v. 结婚；娶；嫁 congratulate v. 祝贺 Asian adj. 亚洲的 n. 亚洲人 tradition n. 传统 firstly adv. 第一；首先 secondly adv. 第二；其次 thirdly adv. 第三 correctly adv. 正确地；得体地 receive v. 收到 main adj. 主要的 短语 so … that 如此…… 以至于 sit up 坐直 keep … off 使避开；不触碰 serving chopsticks 公筷 be/get used to 习惯于 hear from 收到…… 的消息 go a long way 大有帮助；作用很大 in one’s forties 四十多岁 sign-off 书信结束语；结束写信 2、 词汇拓展（单词变形） 学科网（北京）股份有限公司1 / 5 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 1.embarrass → ______(adj. 人感到尴尬的) /______(adj. 事物令人难堪的) 2.confuse → ______(adj. 人感到困惑的) /______(adj. 事物令人困惑的) 3.form → ______(adj. 正式的) /______(adj. 非正式的) 4.common → ______(adj. 罕见的；不寻常的) 5.proper → ______(adj. 不合适的) /______(adv. 正确地；得体地) 6.culture → ______(adj. 文化的) 7.marry → ______(adj. 已婚的) 8.safe → ______(adj. 不安全的；危险的) 9.tradition → ______(adj. 传统的) 10.Asia → ______(adj. 亚洲的 /n. 亚洲人) 11.impress → ______(n. 印象) 12.correct → ______(adv. 正确地；得体地) 13.private → ______(n. 隐私) 14.polite → ______(adj. 粗鲁的) 词汇拓展参考答案 1.embarrassed; embarrassing 2.confused; confusing 3.formal; informal 4.uncommon 5.improper; correctly 6.cultural 7.married 8.unsafe 9.traditional 10.Asian 11.impression 12.correctly 13.privacy 一、用所给词适当形式填空 1. The little girl felt __________ (embarrass) when she made table mistakes. 2. This cross-cultural story is really __________ (confuse) for new learners. 3. We need to wear __________ (form) clothes for the business meeting. 4. It is __________ (common) to hug strangers in some Eastern countries. 5. It’s __________ (proper) to put your elbows on the table while eating. 6. These books about __________ (culture) differences are very useful. 7. My aunt is __________ (marry) to a man from South Asia. 8. It is __________ (safe) to walk alone in unknown foreign streets at night. 9. We all love the __________ (tradition) food from different Asian countries. 10. This travel book leaves a deep __________ (impress) on all readers. 11. You should answer foreign guests __________ (correct) and politely. 12. We hope to keep our __________ (private) when visiting others’ homes. 13. We talked __________ (nice) with local people during the trip. 14. Many __________ (Asia) students learn western table manners at school. 15. If you want __________ (congratulate) others, you can use proper body language. 二、单词拼写 1. We usually __________ (握手) with others to show friendliness. 2. Japanese people often __________ (鞠躬) when they meet each other. 3. Don’t __________ (摩擦) your eyes when talking with elders. 4. She gave her mother a warm __________ (拥抱) after returning home. 5. His face turned red because he felt __________ (尴尬的). 6. It’s __________ (粗鲁的) to speak loudly at formal dinners. 7. Put your food on your __________ (手掌) before passing it. 8. Use a __________ (叉子) and chopsticks to enjoy the curry. 9. We should learn different kinds of table __________ (礼仪). 10. You will feel __________ (困惑的) without knowing local customs. 11. You can’t pass the exam __________ (除非) you study hard. 12. Keep your __________ (手肘) off the table during meals. 13. We need a pair of __________ (筷子) when eating Chinese food. 14. This old __________ (习俗) has lasted for hundreds of years. 15. We met on a special __________ (场合) last summer. 16. This beautiful silk __________ (女式衬衫) is from India. 17. Don’t ask others’ __________ (私人的) information casually. 18. I hope to __________ (收到) your letter soon. 19. What’s your main __________ (印象) of western culture? 20. We should respect every country’s __________ (传统). 三、完成句子 1. 他太小了，以至于不能理解异国礼仪。 He is ________________________ understand foreign manners. 2. 吃饭的时候你应该坐直，不要趴在桌子上。 You should ________________________ and not lie on the table while eating. 3. 请把你的手避开餐桌中间，不要挡住别人。 Please ________________________ the middle of the table and don’t block others. 4. 在中国家庭聚餐时我们会使用公筷。 We will use ________________________ during Chinese family dinners. 5. 他现在已经习惯了不同国家的问候方式。 He ________________________ different greeting ways of other countries now. 6. 我上周收到了来自外国笔友的消息。 I ________________________ my foreign pen pal last week. 7. 一句简单的感谢会起到很大作用。 A simple word of thanks can ________________________. 8. 这位学者四十多岁的时候开始研究文化差异。 The scholar began to study cultural differences ________________________. 9. “此致”是书信里标准的结束语。 “Yours sincerely” is a standard ________________________ in letters. 10. 聚会结束时我们会大声举杯说干杯。 We will raise our glasses and say ________________________ at the end of the party. 一、词形填空答案 1.embarrassed 2.confusing 3.formal 4.uncommon 5.improper 6.cultural 7.married 8.unsafe 9.traditional 10.impression 11.correctly 12.privacy 13.nicely 14.Asian 15.to congratulate 二、单词拼写答案 1.shake 2.bow 3.rub 4.hug 5.embarrassed 6.rude 7.palm 8.fork 9.manners 10.confused 11.unless 12.elbows 13.chopsticks 14.custom 15.occasion 16.blouse 17.private 18.receive 19.impression 20.tradition 三、完成句子答案 1.so young that he can’t 2.sit up straight 3.keep your hands off 4.serving chopsticks 5.is/get used to 6.heard from 7.go a long way 8.in his forties 9.sign-off phrase 10.cheers loudly 一、语法填空 （25-26八年级下·辽宁抚顺·期末）阅读短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或用括号内所给词的正确形式填空，使短文通顺、连贯。 There was a traditional way to start learning in ancient China. Before beginning their studies, students met their teachers in a very special way. It was called the Bai Shi Ceremony, which marked the beginning of 1 (they) learning journey. At the ceremony, students showed great thanks to their teachers while they 2 (greet) their teachers. Instead of shaking hands or saying hello, they bowed three times. They gave their teachers a cup of tea, 3 they also wrote a Bai Shi Tie. These acts meant, “I trust you, teacher. I’m ready to learn 4 you.” In return, the teacher made 5 promise. He would treat the student like a family member. The teacher didn’t just teach 6 (skill) . He helped the student become an honest person who never tells lies and learn to live a life 7 (wise) . This deep relationship between teacher and student was one of 8 (important) hearts of education. We 9 (pass) down traditional teacher-student culture from generation to generation (世世代代) already. Today, we don’t hold this ceremony anymore, but many students still show love to their teachers. A kind word, a smile, or a thank-you note can all be great ways 10 (express) thanks. These small acts keep the spirit of the Bai Shi Ceremony alive, reminding us that respect and gratitude will always be important in learning. 【答案】 1．their 2．were greeting 3．and 4．from 5．a 6．skills 7．wisely 8．the most important 9．have passed 10．to express 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述了中国古代传统的“拜师礼”以及尊师重道的传统文化。 1．句意：它被称为拜师礼，标志着他们学习之旅的开始。设空处修饰名词短语learning journey，应用形容词性物主代词，故填their。 2．句意：在仪式上，学生们在迎接老师进来时向老师表达了深深的感谢。while引导的时间状语从句强调某动作正在进行时，通常用进行时态；结合主句的一般过去时（showed）可知，此处应用过去进行时，主语they为复数，故填were greeting。 3．句意：他们给老师敬一杯茶，并且他们也写了拜师帖。前后两个分句之间是并列、递进关系，故填and。 4．句意：我准备好向您学习了。分析句子结构，learn from sb.意为“向某人学习”，为固定搭配，故填from。 5．句意：作为回报，老师许下了一个诺言。make a promise意为“许下诺言”，为固定搭配，且promise是可数名词单数，发音以辅音音素开头，故填a。 6．句意：老师不仅仅教授技能。skill是可数名词，此处表示泛指，应用复数形式，故填skills。 7．句意：他帮助学生成为一个从不说谎的诚实的人，并学会明智地生活。设空处修饰动词live，应用副词形式，故填wisely。 8．句意：这种深厚的师生关系是教育最重要的核心之一。“one of the+形容词最高级+名词复数”表示“最……的……之一”，为固定句型，故填the most important。 9．句意：我们已经把传统的师生文化世世代代传承下来了。根据句末的时间标志词already可知，此处应用现在完成时，主语We为复数，助动词用have，故填have passed。 10．句意：一句友善的话、一个微笑或一张感谢便条都可以是表达感谢的好方法。way to do sth.意为“做某事的方式”，此处应用动词不定式作后置定语修饰ways，故填to express。 （25-26八年级下·福建厦门·期末）阅读下面短文，根据语境、音标或所给单词的提示，在每个空格内填入一个或两个恰当的词，要求所填的词意义准确、形式正确，使短文意思完整、行文连贯。 Have you heard of paomapai? In Yangquan, Shanxi, there is a village named Xiadongzhai. Paomapai is one of the most important 1 (custom) there. In ancient times, the village was a military passage (军事通道). Messengers (信使) rode horses and passed across it to take messages. Over time, horse-riding has 2 (become) a local event. Every year, on the 16th day of the first lunar month, the riders perform by 3 (travel) quickly across an ancient village street on horseback. The village has taken actions 4 (keep) the custom alive. For example, it has set up a training centre to inspire the youth to learn horse-riding. Many young people are 5 (will) to join it. There, some experienced riders teach them how to ride 6 (correct) and safely. This year, the paomapai celebration was on March 4th. 30 riders took part 7 the event. Amazingly, more than 60% of them were born after 1995, and the youngest rider is 24 years old. Dong Jinxiang, a truck 8 (drive), was the lead rider. Wearing ancient clothes, he was so proud of 9 (he) when he took over the role of “messenger” from 51-year-old Dong Huping. Last year, many visitors from other areas came to watch the exciting event, and some media 10 (report) it. The custom remains a cultural symbol of the village, and it helps the youth build a strong sense of pride in their hometown. 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了山西阳泉下董寨村“跑马排”这一传统习俗的历史渊源、现状以及当地为传承该习俗所采取的措施。 1．句意：跑马排是那里最重要的习俗之一。“one of+最高级+复数名词”为固定结构，“custom”需用复数形式customs。 2．句意：随着时间的推移，骑马已经成了一项当地活动。“Over time”提示用现在完成时，主语“horse-riding”为单数，助动词用“has”，become的过去分词与原形同形。 3．句意：骑手们通过骑马快速穿过古村街道来进行表演。空格前“by”为介词，后接动名词作宾语，“travel”的动名词为travelling或traveling。 4．句意：村子已经采取行动来保持这一习俗。“take actions”后接不定式作目的状语，表示“采取行动以……”，故填to keep。 5．句意：许多年轻人愿意加入。空格前“are”为系动词，需填形容词作表语，“will”的形容词为willing，意为“愿意的”。 6．句意：一些经验丰富的骑手教他们如何正确、安全地骑马。空格处需填副词修饰动词“ride”，“correct”的副词形式为correctly。 7．句意：30名骑手参加了这项活动。空格处需填介词构成固定搭配“take part in”表示“参加”，故填in。 8．句意：卡车司机董锦祥是领骑者。空格前“a truck”提示职业，需填名词作同位语，drive后加r变为driver，意为“司机”。 9．句意：当他从51岁的董虎平手中接过“信使”的角色时，他为自己感到非常自豪。空格前“of”为介词，主语“he”与宾语指代同一人，需用反身代词himself。 10．句意：去年，许多来自其他地区的游客来观看这一激动人心的活动，一些媒体也报道了它。时间状语“Last year”提示用一般过去时，“report”的过去式为reported。 二、阅读理解 （25-26八年级下·广东肇庆·期末）When travelling abroad, knowing local customs and table manners is very important to avoid embarrassing moments. Different cultures have different ways to show respect, and small mistakes can leave a bad impression. Take greeting styles for example. In Japan, people usually bow when meeting others. The deeper they bow, the more respect they show. In France, people often kiss on the cheek to greet friends, while in India, people press their palms together and say “Namaste”. Unless you know these rules, you might feel confused when someone greets you in an unexpected way. Table manners are also different. In China, it’s polite to wait for older people to start eating. In the UK, people hold the knife in the right hand and the fork in the left. In India, people often eat with their hands, and using the left hand to pass food is considered rude. Some rules are surprising. In Mexico, it’s not polite to arrive on time for a party — being 15 to 30 minutes late is acceptable. In Thailand, touching someone’s head is rude, as people believe the head is the most important part of the body. All in all, learning these small but important rules can help you adapt to new cultures quickly and enjoy your trip more. 1．What is the main purpose of the passage? A．To introduce popular travel places B．To teach different ways of greeting people C．To explain why table manners are the same everywhere D．To tell readers about important cultural customs abroad 2．What does the underlined word “acceptable” in Paragraph 4 probably mean? A．allowed B．rude C．strange D．early 3．According to the passage, which of the following is TRUE? A．In Japan, people bow to show they are embarrassed B．In the UK, people use forks in their right hands C．In India, it’s rude to pass food with the left hand D．In France, people never bring gifts to parties 4．What is the structure of the passage? A．B． C． D． 5．Which can be the best title for the passage? A．Amazing Travel Experiences B．Different Cultural Manners C．Popular Foreign Countries D．Special Dinner Parties 【答案】1．D 2．A 3．C 4．B 5．B 【导语】本文介绍了不同国家的文化习俗，包括问候方式和餐桌礼仪。 1．全文围绕国外重要的文化习俗展开，第一段指出“knowing local customs and table manners is very important”，因此目的是告诉读者这些文化习俗。 2．第四段中“acceptable”所在句为：“In Mexico, it’s not polite to arrive on time for a party — being 15 to 30 minutes late is acceptable.”，结合前文“not polite”和“is acceptable”形成对比，说明晚到是被“允许的”。 3．第三段指出：“In India, people often eat with their hands, and using the left hand to pass food is considered rude.”，说明用左手递食物被认为不礼貌，因此C项正确。 4．文章结构为：第一段总起，第二至四段分别介绍问候方式、餐桌礼仪和其他规则，第五段总结，符合“总——分——总”结构。 5．文章开篇点明出国了解当地习俗、餐桌礼仪很重要，分段介绍各国问候、餐桌、社交规矩，首尾呼应文化习俗，因此“Different Cultural Manners”是最佳标题。 （25-26八年级下·江西南昌·期末）For centuries, China has been known as “a state of ceremony”, which means Liyi Zhibang. There was much greeting etiquette in ancient China. And the fist-and-palm salute (拱手礼) was quite a classic example. Today, although Chinese people usually shake hands when meeting friends and relatives, people still make fist-and-palm salutes when they are paying a visit to someone during the Spring Festival or attending someone’s wedding or birthday party. The fist-and-palm salute has a history of more than 3,000 years. Since the Western Zhou Dynasty, people had already performed it when meeting peers (同辈). In ancient times, if people met a stranger, they would prepare for a fight if necessary, and their hands were always ready to hold any weapon (武器). Holding hands together, pointed towards themselves, was a gesture of saying “relax”, meaning “I’m not with any weapon and I’m not here to pick a fight”. Later, it became the etiquette when people met each other or showed thanks. So, how should people do the fist-and-palm salute properly? Firstly, stand at attention. If you’re a man, make a half fist (拳) with your right hand, then hold the right hand with your left hand in front of your chest, look at the person, raise both hands to your eyebrows, bend down and shake hands gently three times. At the same time, you can also say some lucky greeting words. If you’re a woman, you should do it the other way—the right hand on top. People may be more familiar with the hold-fist salute, called bao quan li in Chinese. It is widely used among the kung fu masters and students. This gesture is formed by holding the right fist very tightly closed and covering it with the left hand open, and extending both arms a little forward in front of the chest. Make sure the left thumb (拇指) is close to the index finger (食指) and don’t point it at yourself, as it shows impoliteness. 1．What does the underlined word “etiquette” in Paragraph 1 mean? A．Need. B．Manners. C．Dances. D．Groups. 2．Which picture shows the CORRECT way to do the hold-fist salute? A． B． C． D． 3．Why did people in ancient China use the fist-and-palm salute when meeting strangers? A．To show they were not carrying weapons and didn’t want to fight B．To greet each other with a polite bow C．To practice Kung Fu moves D．To show respect to the elderly. 4．What can we learn from the passage? A．There are no standards for these two salutes. B．The fist-and-palm salute is more common in kung fu. C．Now, people celebrate one’s birthday with the hold-fist salute. D．These two salutes seem similar, but they are quite different. 5．How does the writer organize the passage? A．By telling a moving story about ancient greetings B．By introducing the history and the correct ways of the two salutes C．By comparing Chinese salutes with foreign greeting ways D．By listing different ideas on traditional etiquette. 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．A 4．D 5．B 【导语】 本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍中国两种传统拱手礼仪、抱拳礼的悠久起源、行礼规范以及古时候的使用场景，同时对比说明了两种礼仪的区别。 1．根据原文第一段“There was much greeting etiquette in ancient China”，可知后文围绕拱手这种见面打招呼的礼节展开。 2．依据原文第三段行礼规则：男士行抱拳礼右手握拳，左手包裹右手拳头，双手抬至眉头位置微微俯身行礼；女子手势反过来。   3．根据原文第二段“meaning ‘I’m not with any weapon and I don’t pick a fight’”。古时候陌生人碰面行拱手礼，用来示意自身没有携带兵器，无意争斗打架。 4．整篇文章对比介绍拱手礼、抱拳礼，外在抬手动作看着相似度很高，但是起源时间、使用场合、行礼规范、使用人群差别很大。 5．作者行文脉络：开篇总述中国自古礼仪繁多，引出两种传统行礼；再分别讲解拱手礼由来、原始作用，接着介绍抱拳男女不同行礼方式，最后补充抱拳礼现代适用人群。整篇文章依靠介绍两种礼仪发展历史、正确行礼步骤行文。 $