Unit 4 The Wonders of Nature（重难词汇精练）英语新教材鲁教版（五四学制）八年级上册

**基本信息** 围绕“自然奇观”主题，构建“基础记忆-语境应用-语篇综合”三阶词汇训练体系，强化语言能力与学习策略 **专项设计** |模块|题量/典例|题型特征|知识逻辑| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |词汇基础练|汉译英（30+单词/8短语）、词汇拓展（12词形转换）|聚焦单词拼写与词性转换，夯实词汇基础|从核心词汇概念生成到词形变化规则推导，构建词汇网络| |词汇语境练|适当形式填空（15题）、单词拼写（20题）、完成句子（10题）|依托自然主题语境考查词汇应用|通过语境强化词汇意义与搭配，实现从记忆到运用的过渡| |词汇语篇练|语法填空（2篇）、阅读理解（2篇）|结合自然奇观语篇考查词汇在语篇中的连贯运用|以语篇为载体整合词汇与语法，提升语言理解与表达能力|

Unit 4 The Wonders of Nature词汇专项过关 词汇基础练 词汇语境练 词汇语篇练 一、汉译英 英文 中文 英文 中文 单词 wonder v. 想知道；感到诧异 measurement n. 测量；数量 square adj. 平方的 n. 平方；广场 below prep. 在…… 下方；低于 level n. 高度；水平；程度 surface n. 表面；表层 depth n. 深度；纵深 research v.&n. 调查；勘查 vessel n. 大船；轮船 unusual adj. 特别的；不寻常的 desert n. 沙漠 v. 抛弃 cubic adj. 立方的 mile n. 英里 pool n. 池塘；水坑 climber n. 登山者；攀登者 northern adj. 北部的 distance n. 距离；遥远 survive v. 生存；存活 condition n. 状态；程度 cliff n. 悬崖；峭壁 changeable adj. 易变的 dead adj. 死亡的；灭绝的 determined adj. 有决心的 above prep.&adv. 在…… 上方；超过 teammate n. 队友 shoulder n. 肩膀 ladder n. 梯子；途径 measure v. 测量 n. 措施 successful adj. 成功的 risk n. 风险 v. 冒险 curiosity n. 好奇心 ambition n. 抱负；目标 explorer n. 探险家 simply adv. 仅仅；简单地 risky adj. 危险的 located adj. 位于 freshwater adj. 淡水的 type n. 类型 v. 分类 attract v. 吸引 curious adj. 好奇的 traveller n. 旅行者 natural adj. 自然的 underwater adj.&adv. 水下 northeastern adj. 东北的 coast n. 海岸 coral n. 珊瑚 supply v.&n. 供应；补给 patient n. 补给品 短语 square kilometre 平方千米 take a deep breath 深呼吸 pass away 去世；逝世 not only … but also … 不但…… 而且…… bit by bit 一点一点地；逐渐 make preparations 做准备 in the end 最后；最终 at risk 处于危险中 be located in 坐落于 freshwater lake 淡水湖 2、 词汇拓展（单词变形） 学科网（北京）股份有限公司1 / 5 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 1.success → _________ (adj. 成功的) → _________ (adv. 成功地) 2.measure → ______ (n. 测量；尺寸) 3.die → ______ (adj. 死亡的) → ______ (n. 死亡) 4.determine → _________ (adj. 坚定的) → ______ (n. 决心) 5.curious → ______ (n. 好奇心) 6.north → ______ (adj. 北方的) 7.nature → ______ (adj. 自然的) 8.travel → ______ (n. 旅行者) 9.risk → ______ (adj. 危险的) 10.survive → ______ (n. 生存；幸存) 11.distance → ______ (adj. 遥远的) 12.change → ______ (adj. 多变的) successful, successfully; measurement; dead, death; determined, determination; curiosity; northern; natural; traveller; risky; survival; distant; changeable 一、用所给词适当形式填空 1. The ______ (succeed) scientist finished his exploration safely. 2. He finished the plan ______ (success) without any trouble. 3. The ______ (measure) of this mountain is over 5000 metres. 4. No one knew the ______ (die) of the old explorer until yesterday. 5. The ______ (determine) boy kept climbing the cliff all day. 6. Her ______ (determine) made her pass the difficult trip. 7. Little kids always have strong ______ (curious) about nature. 8. We all love the ______ (nature) beauty of freshwater lakes. 9. The young ______ (travel) spent a month crossing the desert. 10. It’s ______ (risk) to climb cliffs without safety tools. 11. His ______ (survive) in the desert surprised all people. 12. The ______ (distant) between the two towns is 30 miles. 13. This coral coast is ______ (changeable) than the northern one. 14. Among all mountains, this one has the ______ (deep) pool at its foot. 15. This cubic cave is the ______ (unusual) place I have ever visited. 二、单词拼写 1. I ______ (想知道) how deep the lake is. 2. The ______ (测量) of the desert took workers one year. 3. This land is 100 square ______ (英里). 4. The ______ (表面) of the water is very smooth today. 5. We need to study the ______ (深度) of the river. 6. The old ______ (轮船) carried lots of explorers before. 7. It is ______ (不寻常的) to see coral in freshwater pools. 8. Every mountain ______ (攀登者) needs a strong shoulder. 9. The ______ (北部的) coast has more wind. 10. No one can ______ (存活) long without water in deserts. 11. Don’t stand close to the high ______ (悬崖). 12. He has a ______ (坚定的) wish to explore underwater world. 13. You need a ______ (梯子) to reach the top of the cliff. 14. We should ______ (测量) the cubic size of the cave. 15. His biggest ______ (抱负) is to be an explorer. 16. I ______ (仅仅) want to look at the coral by the coast. 17. This town is ______ (坐落于) beside a big freshwater lake. 18. The flowers ______ (吸引) lots of travellers every summer. 19. Kids are ______ (好奇的) about all sea animals. 20. Factories ______ (供应) clean water for the local village. 三、完成句子 1. This park covers 50 ______ (平方千米). 2. Before climbing, you need to ______ (深呼吸). 3. The great explorer ______ (去世) ten years ago. 4. He is ______ (不但……而且……) a climber, but also an explorer. 5. We can learn knowledge ______ (一点一点地；逐渐). 6. They began to ______ (做准备) for the desert trip last week. 7. After lots of difficulties, they arrived ______ (最后；最终). 8. All the climbers were ______ (处于危险中) on the high cliff. 9. This small village ______ (坐落于) the foot of the mountain. 10. Many kinds of fish live in this ______ (淡水湖). 参考答案 一、词形填空：1.successful, 2.successfully, 3.measurement, 4.death, 5.determined, 6.determination, 7.curiosity, 8.natural, 9.traveller, 10.risky, 11.survival, 12.distant, 13.more changeable, 14.deepest, 15.most unusual 二、单词拼写：1.wonder, 2.measurement, 3.miles, 4.surface, 5.depth, 6.vessel, 7.unusual, 8.climber, 9.northern, 10.survive, 11.cliff, 12.determined, 13.ladder, 14.measure, 15.ambition, 16.simply, 17.located, 18.attract, 19.curious, 20.supply 三、完成句子：1.square kilometres, 2.take a deep breath, 3.passed away, 4.not only, 5.bit by bit, 6.make preparations, 7.in the end, 8.at risk, 9.is located in, 10.freshwater lake 一、语法填空 （25-26八年级下·辽宁锦州·期中）Ella just had 1 unforgettable trip. She saw the Hukou Waterfall on the Yellow River. She once wondered if the Yellow River was the longest river in China. In fact, the Yangtze River is the longest one in China. It travels the 2 (far) and is about 6,300 kilometres long, while the Yellow River, about 5,464 kilometres long, is the 3 (two) longest. The Yellow River gets 4 (it) name because some 5 (part) of it carry brown and yellow earth. Ella likes learning 6 rivers. Her favourite river is the Nile, the longest river in Africa. It is 6,671 kilometres long and very important in Egypt’s history. Both the Nile 7 the Yellow River played important roles in helping the 8 (develop) of ancient civilizations and remain important today. In China, the Yellow River is even called the “mother river”. We should try our best 9 (protect) them. We should raise our awareness (意识) of environmental protection and take practical action to keep these 10 (wonder) rivers clean and well-preserved for future generations (子孙后代). 【答案】 1．an 2．farthest/furthest 3．second 4．its 5．parts 6．about 7．and 8．development 9．to protect 10．wonderful 【导语】本文主要讲述了艾拉去黄河壶口瀑布游玩的经历，并介绍了中国的长江、黄河以及非洲的尼罗河等著名河流的基本情况及其对人类文明发展的重要作用，呼吁人们保护这些河流。 1．句意：艾拉刚有了一次难忘的旅行。unforgettable以元音音素/ʌ/开头，且trip为可数名词单数，应使用不定冠词an，泛指“一次难忘的旅行”。 2．句意：它流经的距离最远，大约6300公里长。而黄河全长约5464公里，是第二长的河流。定冠词the后接最高级形式，far的最高级是farthest或furthest。 3．句意：它流经的距离最远，大约6300公里长。而黄河全长约5464公里，是第二长的河流。“the+序数词+longest”意为“第几长”。two是基数词，对应的序数词是second。 4．句意：黄河得名是因为它的一些部分携带着棕黄色的泥沙。修饰名词name，需要用形容词性物主代词。it的形容词性物主代词是its。 5．句意：黄河得名是因为它的一些部分携带着棕黄色的泥沙。前面有some，后面接可数名词复数。part的复数形式是parts。 6．句意：艾拉喜欢了解河流。learn about是固定搭配，意为“了解，学习关于……的知识”。 7．句意：尼罗河和黄河在帮助古代文明发展方面都发挥了重要作用，并且在今天仍然很重要。both...and...是固定搭配，意为“……和……都”。 8．句意：尼罗河和黄河在帮助古代文明发展方面都发挥了重要作用，并且在今天仍然很重要。“the+名词+of”是常见结构，develop的名词形式是development。 9．句意：我们应该尽最大努力保护它们。try one’s best to do sth.是固定搭配，意为“尽某人最大努力做某事”，空处应填不定式to protect。 10．句意：我们应该提高环保意识，采取实际行动，为子孙后代保持这些奇妙的河流清洁和完好。修饰名词rivers，需要用形容词。wonder的形容词形式是wonderful。 （25-26八年级下·湖南长沙·期中）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Mount Huangshan lies in Anhui Province and attracts millions of travellers every year. It is one of the 1 (great) natural wonders in China. People dream of climbing its strange peaks and watching the famous sea of clouds. 2 (surprising), the mountain looks different in each season and the weather is so changeable that many visitors come here again and again. The mountain has a long history. In the Ming Dynasty, the famous traveller Xu Xiake visited Huangshan. Then he 3 (write), “There is no mountain worth (值得) seeing after visiting Huangshan.” However, the climb is not easy. Some travellers have to deal 4 physical difficulties such as tired legs and sore feet. Others even get lost in the thick fog. But its amazing beauty always encourages people to keep going. Today, visitors can choose different 5 (way) to enjoy the mountain. The new cable cars (缆车) allow tourists 6 (enjoy) the beauty of Huangshan without walking too much. Some travellers worry that modern development takes away the real spirit of the mountain. 7 it saves time, it cannot offer the joy of real climbing. They say it makes people forget how to challenge 8 (they). Whether we take the cable car or walk bit by bit, Huangshan leaves us with 9 unusual experience. It teaches us that the highest 10 (achieve) often comes after the hardest climb. 【答案】 1．greatest 2．Surprisingly 3．wrote 4．with 5．ways 6．to enjoy 7．Although/Though 8．themselves 9．an 10．achievement 【导语】本文是一篇介绍黄山的说明文，讲述了黄山的自然景观、历史渊源、游览方式，以及现代发展带来的争议，最终点明 “最艰难的攀登后，往往能收获最高的成就” 这一道理。 1．句意：它是中国最伟大的自然奇观之一。“one of the+形容词最高级+可数名词复数” 是固定结构，表示“最……之一”，故great变为最高级greatest。 2．句意：令人惊讶的是，这座山在每个季节看起来都不同。此处需要副词修饰整个句子，surprising变为副词Surprisingly（句首首字母大写）。 3．句意：然后他写道：“游览过黄山后，便没有哪座山值得一看了。”时间状语“In the Ming Dynasty”表明动作发生在过去，故write变为过去式wrote。 4．句意：一些游客不得不应对身体上的困难。固定搭配deal with表示“处理、应对”，故填介词with。 5．句意：如今，游客可以选择不同的方式欣赏这座山。different后接可数名词复数，故way变为复数ways。 6．句意：新缆车让游客不必走太多路就能欣赏黄山的美景。固定搭配allow sb. to do sth.表示“允许某人做某事”，故填to enjoy。 7．句意：虽然它节省时间，但无法提供真正攀登的乐趣。此处引导让步状语从句，表示“虽然、尽管”，故填Although/Though。 8．句意：他们说这会让人们忘记如何挑战自我。challenge oneself表示“挑战自我”，主语是people，故they变为反身代词themselves。 9．句意：无论我们坐缆车还是一步步走，黄山都留给我们一段不寻常的经历。experience是可数名词。意为“经历”，unusual以元音音素开头，故用不定冠词an，表示“一段经历”。 10．句意：它教会我们，最高的成就往往在最艰难的攀登之后到来。the highest后接名词，achieve变为名词achievement，表示“成就”。 二、阅读理解 （25-26八年级下·贵州六盘水·期中） The Dead Sea is one of the saltiest places on earth. Although it is a lake, it is called a “sea” due to its lack of fresh water. Why is the Dead Sea so salty? One reason is that it is about 430.5 meters below sea level. A long time ago, salt water flowed into the Dead Sea. Now, water from the Jordan River flows into the Dead Sea. With no outlet (出口),  the water evaporates (蒸发) under the hot sun, leaving salt behind. Scientists say that the Dead Sea is falling. Its water level is dropping by 3.3 feet per year. People are using more water from the river. Less fresh water enters the lake every year. Lakes are usually filled with life. But the Dead Sea lives up to its name. Nothing lives there. There are no plants. No birds or animals can drink the water. If fish from the river swim into the Dead Sea by mistake, they will die. The water kills almost everything. It is saltier than ocean water. People like to visit this lake. There are hotels and beaches. People like to float (漂浮) on the salt water. The salt water holds them up as if they were lying on rafts (木筏)! Some tourists even like to read books as they float on the water. They are covered with salt when they come out of the water. 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。 1．Why do people call the Dead Sea a “sea”? A．Because it is very deep. B．Because it lacks fresh water. C．Because it is the world’s largest sea. 2．What is happening to the water level of the Dead Sea according to the scientists? A．It is getting wider. B．It is falling slowly. C．It is drying quickly. 3．What can we know from the text? A．Who live near the Dead Sea. B．Who first named the Dead Sea. C．How the Dead Sea became so salty. 4．What’s the purpose of the text? A．To explain why the Dead Sea is so salty and special. B．To introduce the hotels and beaches near the Dead Sea. C．To describe how people enjoy floating in the Dead Sea. 【答案】1．B 2．B 3．C 4．A 【导语】本文介绍了死海形成高盐度的原因、目前面临的水位下降问题以及其独特的旅游价值。 1．根据第一段“Although it is a lake, it is called a ‘sea’ due to its lack of fresh water.”可知，死海虽然是湖泊，但因为缺少淡水而被称为“海”。 2．根据第三段“Scientists say that the Dead Sea is falling. Its water level is dropping by 3.3 feet per year.”可知，科学家认为死海水位正在缓慢下降。 3．根据第二段“Why is the Dead Sea so salty?”以及后文对死海盐度形成原因、水位变化和特点的介绍可知，文章主要介绍了死海为什么这么咸。 4．根据全文内容可知，文章围绕死海展开，介绍了死海名称的由来、高盐度形成原因、水位下降现状以及独特现象，旨在解释死海为何如此咸且特别。 （25-26八年级下·河北石家庄·期中）Do you know the Yangtze River? It is also known as the Changjiang River, and is one of the longest rivers in the world. It is important to Chinese people. It is not only a natural wonder, but also a symbol of the Chinese nation. Nowadays, the Yangtze River National Cultural Park comes into view. How to protect the Yangtze River culture and improve cultural confidence is a new task for the places near the Yangtze River. The Yangtze River National Cultural Park, an important “National Park” project, goes across 13 provinces with 841 national-level intangible cultural heritage (国家级非物质文化遗产) projects, 465 historical and cultural cities, towns, villages, as well as 91 national-level museums. It expresses China’s traditional, revolutionary (革命的), and socialist advanced cultures. With over 2,200 years’ history, Jiujiang plays an important part in the Yangtze River National Cultural Park. To protect the Yangtze River culture, Jiujiang creates “The Most Beautiful Yangtze River Bank”. Jiujiang makes it possible that the park not only protects cultural heritage but also further improves the quality of people’s lives there. The park turns Jiujiang into a place where visitors can learn more about historical stories and enjoy natural beauty. It also helps local communities by creating jobs in tourism. The Yangtze River National Cultural Park project carries great meaning for the Chinese nation. The project is based on the rich cultural resources (资源). The Yangtze River National Cultural Park project holds value in many ways such as water resources protection, social development and educational programs for students. It creates a new painting and shows harmony (和谐) among nature, people, and cities. 1．How does the writer start the passage? A．By telling a story. B．By giving an example. C．By asking a question. D．By listing numbers. 2．What is the new task for the places near the Yangtze River? A．Calling on more people to pay a visit to the Yangtze River. B．Setting a good example to other cultural parks in the country. C．Protecting the Yangtze River culture and improving cultural confidence. D．Searching for as many intangible cultural heritages as possible. 3．What’s the writer’s purpose of listing numbers in Paragraph 3? A．To compare different cultural parks. B．To show the influence of the project. C．To ask for protecting the environment. D．To make plans for future cultural parks. 4．What’s the structure of the passage? A． B． C． D． 5．Which of the following is the best title for the passage? A．The Cultural Development of Jiujiang B．The Long History of the Yangtze River C．The Yangtze River National Cultural Park D．The Most Beautiful Yangtze River Bank 【答案】1．C 2．C 3．B 4．B 5．C 【导语】本文介绍长江国家文化公园项目概况，以九江为例说明项目落地举措，阐述该项目在文化保护、民生、生态、文旅等多方面的重要意义。 1．根据第一段第一句“Do you know the Yangtze River?”，作者是以“提问”的方式开始这篇文章。 2．根据第二段“How to protect the Yangtze River culture and improve cultural confidence is a new task for the places near the Yangtze River.”，长江沿岸地区的新任务是“保护长江文化，增强文化自信”。 3．根据第三段“an important ‘National Park’ project, goes across 13 provinces with 841 national-level...projects, 465 historical...as well as 91 national-level museums.”，长江国家文化公园涵盖的范围：13个省、841个国家级非遗项目、465个历史文化名城名镇名村、91个国家级博物馆。这些数字是“为了展示这个项目的规模和影响力”。 4．通读全文可知，第①段总体引入，说明长江的重要性，单独为一段；第②段引出长江国家文化公园项目，第③段具体说明项目，第④段举例说明项目，第⑤段总结项目价值，由此可知，②③④⑤都在介绍这个项目，所以为一段。全文为总分结构。 5．本文第二段引出长江国家文化公园项目，第三段介绍公园的规模和涵盖内容，第四段以九江为例说明公园的具体作用，第五段总结项目的意义，由此可知，全文围绕“长江国家文化公园”这个项目展开，最适合作为最佳标题。 $Unit 4 The Wonders of Nature词汇专项过关 词汇基础练 词汇语境练 词汇语篇练 一、汉译英 英文 中文 英文 中文 单词 v. 想知道；感到诧异 n. 测量；数量 adj. 平方的 n. 平方；广场 prep. 在…… 下方；低于 n. 高度；水平；程度 n. 表面；表层 n. 深度；纵深 v.&n. 调查；勘查 n. 大船；轮船 adj. 特别的；不寻常的 n. 沙漠 v. 抛弃 adj. 立方的 n. 英里 n. 池塘；水坑 n. 登山者；攀登者 adj. 北部的 n. 距离；遥远 v. 生存；存活 n. 状态；程度 n. 悬崖；峭壁 adj. 易变的 adj. 死亡的；灭绝的 adj. 有决心的 prep.&adv. 在…… 上方；超过 n. 队友 n. 肩膀 n. 梯子；途径 v. 测量 n. 措施 adj. 成功的 n. 风险 v. 冒险 n. 好奇心 n. 抱负；目标 n. 探险家 adv. 仅仅；简单地 adj. 危险的 adj. 位于 adj. 淡水的 n. 类型 v. 分类 v. 吸引 adj. 好奇的 n. 旅行者 adj. 自然的 adj.&adv. 水下 adj. 东北的 n. 海岸 n. 珊瑚 v.&n. 供应；补给 n. 补给品 短语 平方千米 深呼吸 去世；逝世 不但…… 而且…… 一点一点地；逐渐 做准备 最后；最终 处于危险中 坐落于 淡水湖 2、 词汇拓展（单词变形） 学科网（北京）股份有限公司1 / 5 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 1.success → _________ (adj. 成功的) → _________ (adv. 成功地) 2.measure → ______ (n. 测量；尺寸) 3.die → ______ (adj. 死亡的) → ______ (n. 死亡) 4.determine → _________ (adj. 坚定的) → ______ (n. 决心) 5.curious → ______ (n. 好奇心) 6.north → ______ (adj. 北方的) 7.nature → ______ (adj. 自然的) 8.travel → ______ (n. 旅行者) 9.risk → ______ (adj. 危险的) 10.survive → ______ (n. 生存；幸存) 11.distance → ______ (adj. 遥远的) 12.change → ______ (adj. 多变的) 一、用所给词适当形式填空 1. The ______ (succeed) scientist finished his exploration safely. 2. He finished the plan ______ (success) without any trouble. 3. The ______ (measure) of this mountain is over 5000 metres. 4. No one knew the ______ (die) of the old explorer until yesterday. 5. The ______ (determine) boy kept climbing the cliff all day. 6. Her ______ (determine) made her pass the difficult trip. 7. Little kids always have strong ______ (curious) about nature. 8. We all love the ______ (nature) beauty of freshwater lakes. 9. The young ______ (travel) spent a month crossing the desert. 10. It’s ______ (risk) to climb cliffs without safety tools. 11. His ______ (survive) in the desert surprised all people. 12. The ______ (distant) between the two towns is 30 miles. 13. This coral coast is ______ (changeable) than the northern one. 14. Among all mountains, this one has the ______ (deep) pool at its foot. 15. This cubic cave is the ______ (unusual) place I have ever visited. 二、单词拼写 1. I ______ (想知道) how deep the lake is. 2. The ______ (测量) of the desert took workers one year. 3. This land is 100 square ______ (英里). 4. The ______ (表面) of the water is very smooth today. 5. We need to study the ______ (深度) of the river. 6. The old ______ (轮船) carried lots of explorers before. 7. It is ______ (不寻常的) to see coral in freshwater pools. 8. Every mountain ______ (攀登者) needs a strong shoulder. 9. The ______ (北部的) coast has more wind. 10. No one can ______ (存活) long without water in deserts. 11. Don’t stand close to the high ______ (悬崖). 12. He has a ______ (坚定的) wish to explore underwater world. 13. You need a ______ (梯子) to reach the top of the cliff. 14. We should ______ (测量) the cubic size of the cave. 15. His biggest ______ (抱负) is to be an explorer. 16. I ______ (仅仅) want to look at the coral by the coast. 17. This town is ______ (坐落于) beside a big freshwater lake. 18. The flowers ______ (吸引) lots of travellers every summer. 19. Kids are ______ (好奇的) about all sea animals. 20. Factories ______ (供应) clean water for the local village. 三、完成句子 1. This park covers 50 ______ (平方千米). 2. Before climbing, you need to ______ (深呼吸). 3. The great explorer ______ (去世) ten years ago. 4. He is ______ (不但……而且……) a climber, but also an explorer. 5. We can learn knowledge ______ (一点一点地；逐渐). 6. They began to ______ (做准备) for the desert trip last week. 7. After lots of difficulties, they arrived ______ (最后；最终). 8. All the climbers were ______ (处于危险中) on the high cliff. 9. This small village ______ (坐落于) the foot of the mountain. 10. Many kinds of fish live in this ______ (淡水湖). 一、语法填空 （25-26八年级下·辽宁锦州·期中）Ella just had 1 unforgettable trip. She saw the Hukou Waterfall on the Yellow River. She once wondered if the Yellow River was the longest river in China. In fact, the Yangtze River is the longest one in China. It travels the 2 (far) and is about 6,300 kilometres long, while the Yellow River, about 5,464 kilometres long, is the 3 (two) longest. The Yellow River gets 4 (it) name because some 5 (part) of it carry brown and yellow earth. Ella likes learning 6 rivers. Her favourite river is the Nile, the longest river in Africa. It is 6,671 kilometres long and very important in Egypt’s history. Both the Nile 7 the Yellow River played important roles in helping the 8 (develop) of ancient civilizations and remain important today. In China, the Yellow River is even called the “mother river”. We should try our best 9 (protect) them. We should raise our awareness (意识) of environmental protection and take practical action to keep these 10 (wonder) rivers clean and well-preserved for future generations (子孙后代). （25-26八年级下·湖南长沙·期中）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Mount Huangshan lies in Anhui Province and attracts millions of travellers every year. It is one of the 1 (great) natural wonders in China. People dream of climbing its strange peaks and watching the famous sea of clouds. 2 (surprising), the mountain looks different in each season and the weather is so changeable that many visitors come here again and again. The mountain has a long history. In the Ming Dynasty, the famous traveller Xu Xiake visited Huangshan. Then he 3 (write), “There is no mountain worth (值得) seeing after visiting Huangshan.” However, the climb is not easy. Some travellers have to deal 4 physical difficulties such as tired legs and sore feet. Others even get lost in the thick fog. But its amazing beauty always encourages people to keep going. Today, visitors can choose different 5 (way) to enjoy the mountain. The new cable cars (缆车) allow tourists 6 (enjoy) the beauty of Huangshan without walking too much. Some travellers worry that modern development takes away the real spirit of the mountain. 7 it saves time, it cannot offer the joy of real climbing. They say it makes people forget how to challenge 8 (they). Whether we take the cable car or walk bit by bit, Huangshan leaves us with 9 unusual experience. It teaches us that the highest 10 (achieve) often comes after the hardest climb. 二、阅读理解 （25-26八年级下·贵州六盘水·期中） The Dead Sea is one of the saltiest places on earth. Although it is a lake, it is called a “sea” due to its lack of fresh water. Why is the Dead Sea so salty? One reason is that it is about 430.5 meters below sea level. A long time ago, salt water flowed into the Dead Sea. Now, water from the Jordan River flows into the Dead Sea. With no outlet (出口),  the water evaporates (蒸发) under the hot sun, leaving salt behind. Scientists say that the Dead Sea is falling. Its water level is dropping by 3.3 feet per year. People are using more water from the river. Less fresh water enters the lake every year. Lakes are usually filled with life. But the Dead Sea lives up to its name. Nothing lives there. There are no plants. No birds or animals can drink the water. If fish from the river swim into the Dead Sea by mistake, they will die. The water kills almost everything. It is saltier than ocean water. People like to visit this lake. There are hotels and beaches. People like to float (漂浮) on the salt water. The salt water holds them up as if they were lying on rafts (木筏)! Some tourists even like to read books as they float on the water. They are covered with salt when they come out of the water. 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。 1．Why do people call the Dead Sea a “sea”? A．Because it is very deep. B．Because it lacks fresh water. C．Because it is the world’s largest sea. 2．What is happening to the water level of the Dead Sea according to the scientists? A．It is getting wider. B．It is falling slowly. C．It is drying quickly. 3．What can we know from the text? A．Who live near the Dead Sea. B．Who first named the Dead Sea. C．How the Dead Sea became so salty. 4．What’s the purpose of the text? A．To explain why the Dead Sea is so salty and special. B．To introduce the hotels and beaches near the Dead Sea. C．To describe how people enjoy floating in the Dead Sea. （25-26八年级下·河北石家庄·期中）Do you know the Yangtze River? It is also known as the Changjiang River, and is one of the longest rivers in the world. It is important to Chinese people. It is not only a natural wonder, but also a symbol of the Chinese nation. Nowadays, the Yangtze River National Cultural Park comes into view. How to protect the Yangtze River culture and improve cultural confidence is a new task for the places near the Yangtze River. The Yangtze River National Cultural Park, an important “National Park” project, goes across 13 provinces with 841 national-level intangible cultural heritage (国家级非物质文化遗产) projects, 465 historical and cultural cities, towns, villages, as well as 91 national-level museums. It expresses China’s traditional, revolutionary (革命的), and socialist advanced cultures. With over 2,200 years’ history, Jiujiang plays an important part in the Yangtze River National Cultural Park. To protect the Yangtze River culture, Jiujiang creates “The Most Beautiful Yangtze River Bank”. Jiujiang makes it possible that the park not only protects cultural heritage but also further improves the quality of people’s lives there. The park turns Jiujiang into a place where visitors can learn more about historical stories and enjoy natural beauty. It also helps local communities by creating jobs in tourism. The Yangtze River National Cultural Park project carries great meaning for the Chinese nation. The project is based on the rich cultural resources (资源). The Yangtze River National Cultural Park project holds value in many ways such as water resources protection, social development and educational programs for students. It creates a new painting and shows harmony (和谐) among nature, people, and cities. 1．How does the writer start the passage? A．By telling a story. B．By giving an example. C．By asking a question. D．By listing numbers. 2．What is the new task for the places near the Yangtze River? A．Calling on more people to pay a visit to the Yangtze River. B．Setting a good example to other cultural parks in the country. C．Protecting the Yangtze River culture and improving cultural confidence. D．Searching for as many intangible cultural heritages as possible. 3．What’s the writer’s purpose of listing numbers in Paragraph 3? A．To compare different cultural parks. B．To show the influence of the project. C．To ask for protecting the environment. D．To make plans for future cultural parks. 4．What’s the structure of the passage? A． B． C． D． 5．Which of the following is the best title for the passage? A．The Cultural Development of Jiujiang B．The Long History of the Yangtze River C．The Yangtze River National Cultural Park D．The Most Beautiful Yangtze River Bank $