Unit 1 Time to Relax（重难词汇精练）英语新教材鲁教版（五四学制）八年级上册

**基本信息** 以“Time to Relax”主题为核心，构建“基础记忆-语境应用-语篇综合”三阶递进训练体系，强化词汇从孤立到语篇的迁移能力，培养语言能力与学习能力。 **专项设计** |模块|题量/典例|题型特征|知识逻辑| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |词汇基础练|汉译英（30+单词/短语）、词汇拓展（10词形转换）|聚焦词形、词义记忆，覆盖主题核心词汇（如calligraphy, ski, stress）|从单词本义到派生变形（如scare→scared/scary），构建词汇网络| |词汇语境练|适当形式填空（15题）、单词拼写（20题）、完成句子（10题）|依托句子语境考查词汇运用，强调语法搭配（如副词修饰动词）|连接词汇与语法，实现“词-句”衔接，强化语境词义辨析| |词汇语篇练|语法填空（2篇）、阅读理解（2篇）|在语篇中综合考查词汇理解与运用，关联主题语境（如爱好、运动）|从“句-篇”提升，通过真实语篇巩固词汇应用，培养语篇意识|

Unit 1 Time to Relax词汇专项过关 词汇基础练 词汇语境练 词汇语篇练 一、汉译英 英文 中文 英文 中文 单词 n. 书法 v. & n. 闲聊；聊天 v. 滑雪 n. 外出游玩；远足 v. 编写程序；n. 程序；节目 v. 减少 v. 表达；表示 n. 精神压力；紧张 n. 教练；指导者 n. 瑜伽 adj. 害怕的；对…… 感到惊慌的 n. 物品；宾语 n. & v. 害怕；担忧 adj. 意大利的；n. 意大利人；意大利语 n. 诗 n. 程序设计员 adj. 单个的；单身的 v. 使…… 成为可能；允许 n. 笔画；击球 n. 感觉；感官 n. 墨水 n. 成就 n. & v. 回来；归还 n. 硬币 n. 交易；协议；v. (dealt, dealt) 对付 n. 邮票 v. 完成（难事）；管理 adj. 青少年的 n. 功夫 n. 明信片 v. 督促；推 adv. 相当；更准确地说 pron. 我自己 adj. 过时的；守旧的 adj. 外国的；国外的 adv. 出人意料地；惊人地 n. 梦想；希望 n. 舞台；阶段 n. 建议；提议 adv. 重要地 n. 失败 adj. 严厉的；严格的 v. 激励；鼓舞 短语 克服（困难）；解决（问题） 偶尔地；间或 正在做；由某人决定 出外游玩 放弃 到目前为止 试一试某事 作为回报 开始做某事；进入 2、 词汇拓展（单词变形） 学科网（北京）股份有限公司1 / 5 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 1.scare → __________ (adj. 害怕的) /__________ (adj. 吓人的) 2.manage → __________ (n. 经理) /______________ (n. 管理) 3.express → __________ (n. 表达；表情) /______________ (adj. 有表现力的) 4.succeed → __________ (n. 成功) /______________ (adj. 成功的) /______________ (adv. 成功地) 5.foreign → __________ (n. 外国人) 6.suggest → __________ (n. 建议) 7.fail → __________ (n. 失败) 8.inspire → __________ (n. 灵感；鼓舞) /______________ (adj. 鼓舞人心的) 9.strict → __________ (adv. 严格地) 10.surprise → __________ (adj. 感到惊讶的) /__________ (adj. 令人惊讶的) /__________ (adv. 出人意料地) 一、用所给词适当形式填空 1. She looked at me ______ (honest) and told me the truth. 2. The children are singing ______ (cheer) in the classroom. 3. He is known for his ______ (humor) stories. 4. It was ______ (thought) of you to bring me a cup of hot tea. 5. You should be ______ (patience) with your students. 6. She is an ______ (energy) player who never gets tired. 7. We all think ______ (high) of his new book. 8. It's ______ (danger) to play with fire. 9. The soldier fought ______ (brave) in the battle. 10. The ______ (manage) of the company is a kind lady. 11. Her ______ (express) on her face showed she was angry. 12. The foreigner spoke ______ (clear) so that we could understand him. 13. He came here ______ (see) his old friend. 14. The teacher told us ______ (finish) the homework on time. 15. She wants me ______ (help) her with her English. 二、单词拼写 1. The path up the mountain is very ______ (崎岖的). 2. A strong ______ (沙尘暴) hit the city yesterday. 3. My shoes were covered with ______ (泥土) after the rain. 4. We followed the ______ (小路) through the forest. 5. Her ______ (书法) is praised by many teachers. 6. I want to learn to ______ (滑雪) this winter. 7. He is writing a computer ______ (程序). 8. She tried to ______ (表达) her feelings in the letter. 9. The ______ (教练) gave us a lot of useful advice. 10. I felt ______ (害怕的) when I heard the strange noise. 11. Don't ______ (害怕) to make mistakes when speaking English. 12. He wrote a ______ (诗) about nature. 13. There is a ______ (单个的) apple on the tree. 14. The ______ (墨水) in my pen has run out. 15. I will ______ (归还) the book to the library tomorrow. 16. He is good at ______ (处理) difficult problems. 17. Can you ______ (管理) this project on your own? 18. She practices ______ (功夫) every morning. 19. Don't ______ (督促) him too hard; he is tired. 20. I hurt ______ (我自己) when I played basketball. 三、完成句子 1. The heavy rain ______ (带来；引起) a lot of problems. 2. The mountain is ______ (被……覆盖) snow all year round. 3. He solved the problem ______ (轻而易举地). 4. She ______ (对……感到满意) her new job. 5. We should ______ (克服) our difficulties. 6. He ______ (放弃) smoking last year. 7. I ______ (开始做某事) painting when I was 10. 8. They go hiking ______ (偶尔地；间或). 9. We plan to ______ (出外游玩) this weekend. 10. He helped me, and I gave him a gift ______ (作为回报). 10. I am ______ (寻找) my passport everywhere now. 一、语法填空 （25-26八年级下·内蒙古巴彦淖尔·期中）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 I first became interested in calligraphy when my mum took me to a museum. The beautiful pieces of writing there 1 (be) so shining that I was touched by them at once. I decided to try it by 2 (I) . So, I took part in a calligraphy class. At first, I found it quite challenging. Holding the soft brush 3 (correct) and controlling the ink seemed difficult. 4 , with practice and patience, I improved. Since I began practising my calligraphy skills, I have learned more about Chinese characters. Over 5 (thousand) of years, they have developed from drawings into standard forms. What’s more, Chinese people’s attitude toward life is shown in calligraphy too. 6 a treasure of Chinese traditional culture, calligraphy is now practised by many people. Calligraphy is not only 7 writing skill but also an art that can develop our mind and character. It is now one of my 8 (hobby) that help me relax. When I write, my mind starts to become peaceful, especially when I’m stressed. I’m also 9 (pride) to see my works get better and better. When the Spring Festival comes, my mother always enjoys 10 (stick) the “Fu” character I write onto the door. What a happy time calligraphy has brought us! （25-26八年级下·四川德阳·期中）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内所给单词的正确形式。 Last month, I went rock climbing with my school climbing club. At first, I felt relaxed because the first part was easy. But soon I met a cliff. I became very 1 (stress) and wanted to give up. My friend Tom said, “Don’t let 2 (you) down. Every climber faces 3 (difficulty). The key is to get over them step by step.” Suddenly, I remembered what my father once told me: “You need to learn to manage your emotions.” I decided not 4 (stop). I took 5 deep breath and kept 6 (climb). Finally, I reached the top. Looking down, I saw a beautiful valley with a small lake at the bottom. The view was even 7 (amazing) than I had imagined. I 8 (feel) a sense of wonder about nature. After that experience, I made up my mind to do more sports. I am busy with schoolwork, 9 I still go climbing every weekend. It not only builds up my body but also helps me relax. My parents are proud 10 my growth. 二、阅读理解 （25-26八年级下·河北石家庄·期中）Different people have different hobbies. For example, some people like reading, some people like swimming, and some people like collecting things. I have many hobbies, such as reading, ice skating, and travelling. I used to read books in my free time. At that time, reading was part of my life. Every day, I spent most of my free time reading books, newspapers and magazines. At night, I could hardly get to sleep without a novel in my hand. But later I found I could only learn knowledge (知识) by reading. I couldn’t get knowledge in other ways. I needed a change. So travelling is also my hobby now. I can visit many different places. I can learn a lot about people by travelling. It’s very interesting. I have many good friends. They all have their hobbies. Ann studies very hard. Her hobby is reading all kinds of books. Tony loves working with his hands, and his hobby is gardening. He plants flowers and trees in his yard. Judy is a quiet girl. She likes knitting (针织). She always knits sweaters for her dolls. We have different hobbies, but we are good friends. 1．What did the writer use to do before going to bed? A．Watch TV. B．Play sports. C．Read a novel. D．Listen to music. 2．Why did the writer add travelling as a new hobby? A．Because he lost interest in reading. B．Because his friends all like travelling. C．Because he could hardly sleep at night. D．Because he wanted to learn in other ways. 3．What is the best title for this text? A．Activities in Free Time B．The Benefits of Hobbies C．The Hobbies of My Friends D．A World of Different Hobbies （25-26八年级下·辽宁葫芦岛·期中）How do you spend your free time? Go climbing or hiking? There will be different answers. Most people in Poland (波兰) have their own ways of spending free time. Sometimes they just want to take a rest, but most of the time they try to do something more pleasant. They have many different hobbies. These hobbies help them to get away from their everyday problems and spend their free time happily. Many Polish (波兰的) people like travelling. They always look for new places and add fresh and exciting experiences to their journey. Some of them like to climb mountains, others like to go to a sea or a lake to swim, because these can make them get exercise and are good for their health. Many Polish people also like to do sports in their free time. They are usually crazy about football, and people consider it the Polish national sport. Many football fans may support (支持) a certain team, so they go to watch every match of the team they support, and they buy many things about the team. Watching sports and playing sports are both good ways to relax. On the other hand, doctors say that doing sports is very good for health. Many people in town, especially young men, often go to the gym to take exercise classes to keep fit. Besides these ways, Polish people have many other ways to spend their free time. And they really enjoy their free time. 1．Why do Polish people like climbing and swimming? ① To be good for their health.    ② To enjoy delicious food there. ③ To make them get exercise.    ④ To stay away from the noisy cities. A．①② B．③④ C．②④ D．①③ 2．Which sport is the Polish national sport? A． B． C． D． 3．According to the passage, which group of people often goes to the gym for exercise classes? A．Young men in town. B．Older people in the countryside. C．Football fans. D．Travelers. 4．What is the main topic of the passage? A．The most popular sports in Poland. B．Travel experiences in Poland. C．How Polish people spend their free time. D．Health benefits of hobbies. $Unit 1 Time to Relax词汇专项过关 词汇基础练 词汇语境练 词汇语篇练 一、汉译英 英文 中文 英文 中文 单词 calligraphy n. 书法 chat v. & n. 闲聊；聊天 ski v. 滑雪 outing n. 外出游玩；远足 program v. 编写程序；n. 程序；节目 reduce v. 减少 express v. 表达；表示 stress n. 精神压力；紧张 instructor n. 教练；指导者 yoga n. 瑜伽 scared adj. 害怕的；对…… 感到惊慌的 object n. 物品；宾语 fear n. & v. 害怕；担忧 Italian adj. 意大利的；n. 意大利人；意大利语 poem n. 诗 programmer n. 程序设计员 single adj. 单个的；单身的 allow v. 使…… 成为可能；允许 stroke n. 笔画；击球 sense n. 感觉；感官 ink n. 墨水 achievement n. 成就 return n. & v. 回来；归还 coin n. 硬币 deal n. 交易；协议；v. (dealt, dealt) 对付 stamp n. 邮票 manage v. 完成（难事）；管理 teenage adj. 青少年的 kung fu n. 功夫 postcard n. 明信片 push v. 督促；推 rather adv. 相当；更准确地说 myself pron. 我自己 old-fashioned adj. 过时的；守旧的 foreign adj. 外国的；国外的 surprisingly adv. 出人意料地；惊人地 dream n. 梦想；希望 stage n. 舞台；阶段 suggestion n. 建议；提议 importantly adv. 重要地 failure n. 失败 strict adj. 严厉的；严格的 inspire v. 激励；鼓舞 短语 get over 克服（困难）；解决（问题） once in a while 偶尔地；间或 up to 正在做；由某人决定 go on an outing 出外游玩 give up 放弃 so far 到目前为止 give it a go 试一试某事 in return 作为回报 get into 开始做某事；进入 2、 词汇拓展（单词变形） 学科网（北京）股份有限公司1 / 5 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 1.scare → __________ (adj. 害怕的) /__________ (adj. 吓人的) 2.manage → __________ (n. 经理) /______________ (n. 管理) 3.express → __________ (n. 表达；表情) /______________ (adj. 有表现力的) 4.succeed → __________ (n. 成功) /______________ (adj. 成功的) /______________ (adv. 成功地) 5.foreign → __________ (n. 外国人) 6.suggest → __________ (n. 建议) 7.fail → __________ (n. 失败) 8.inspire → __________ (n. 灵感；鼓舞) /______________ (adj. 鼓舞人心的) 9.strict → __________ (adv. 严格地) 10.surprise → __________ (adj. 感到惊讶的) /__________ (adj. 令人惊讶的) /__________ (adv. 出人意料地) 【答案】 1.scared / scary2.manager / management3.expression / expressive4.success / successful / successfully 5.foreigner6.suggestion7.failure8.inspiration / inspiring9.strictly10.surprised / surprising / surprisingly 一、用所给词适当形式填空 1. She looked at me ______ (honest) and told me the truth. 2. The children are singing ______ (cheer) in the classroom. 3. He is known for his ______ (humor) stories. 4. It was ______ (thought) of you to bring me a cup of hot tea. 5. You should be ______ (patience) with your students. 6. She is an ______ (energy) player who never gets tired. 7. We all think ______ (high) of his new book. 8. It's ______ (danger) to play with fire. 9. The soldier fought ______ (brave) in the battle. 10. The ______ (manage) of the company is a kind lady. 11. Her ______ (express) on her face showed she was angry. 12. The foreigner spoke ______ (clear) so that we could understand him. 13. He came here ______ (see) his old friend. 14. The teacher told us ______ (finish) the homework on time. 15. She wants me ______ (help) her with her English. 二、单词拼写 1. The path up the mountain is very ______ (崎岖的). 2. A strong ______ (沙尘暴) hit the city yesterday. 3. My shoes were covered with ______ (泥土) after the rain. 4. We followed the ______ (小路) through the forest. 5. Her ______ (书法) is praised by many teachers. 6. I want to learn to ______ (滑雪) this winter. 7. He is writing a computer ______ (程序). 8. She tried to ______ (表达) her feelings in the letter. 9. The ______ (教练) gave us a lot of useful advice. 10. I felt ______ (害怕的) when I heard the strange noise. 11. Don't ______ (害怕) to make mistakes when speaking English. 12. He wrote a ______ (诗) about nature. 13. There is a ______ (单个的) apple on the tree. 14. The ______ (墨水) in my pen has run out. 15. I will ______ (归还) the book to the library tomorrow. 16. He is good at ______ (处理) difficult problems. 17. Can you ______ (管理) this project on your own? 18. She practices ______ (功夫) every morning. 19. Don't ______ (督促) him too hard; he is tired. 20. I hurt ______ (我自己) when I played basketball. 三、完成句子 1. The heavy rain ______ (带来；引起) a lot of problems. 2. The mountain is ______ (被……覆盖) snow all year round. 3. He solved the problem ______ (轻而易举地). 4. She ______ (对……感到满意) her new job. 5. We should ______ (克服) our difficulties. 6. He ______ (放弃) smoking last year. 7. I ______ (开始做某事) painting when I was 10. 8. They go hiking ______ (偶尔地；间或). 9. We plan to ______ (出外游玩) this weekend. 10. He helped me, and I gave him a gift ______ (作为回报). 10. I am ______ (寻找) my passport everywhere now. 一、用单词的正确形式填空答案 1. honestly 2. cheerfully 3. humorous 4. thoughtful 5. patient 6. energetic 7. highly 8. dangerous 9. bravely 10. manager 11. expression 12. clearly 13. to see 14. to finish 15. to help 二、单词拼写答案 1. rough 2. sandstorm 3. dirt 4. track 5. calligraphy 6. ski 7. program 8. express 9. instructor 10. scared 11. fear 12. poem 13. single 14. ink 15. return 16. dealing 17. manage 18. kung fu 19. push 20. myself 三、完成句子答案 1. brought about 2. covered with 3. with ease 4. is happy with 5. get over 6. gave up 7. got into 8. once in a while 9. go on an outing 10. in return 一、语法填空 （25-26八年级下·内蒙古巴彦淖尔·期中）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 I first became interested in calligraphy when my mum took me to a museum. The beautiful pieces of writing there 1 (be) so shining that I was touched by them at once. I decided to try it by 2 (I) . So, I took part in a calligraphy class. At first, I found it quite challenging. Holding the soft brush 3 (correct) and controlling the ink seemed difficult. 4 , with practice and patience, I improved. Since I began practising my calligraphy skills, I have learned more about Chinese characters. Over 5 (thousand) of years, they have developed from drawings into standard forms. What’s more, Chinese people’s attitude toward life is shown in calligraphy too. 6 a treasure of Chinese traditional culture, calligraphy is now practised by many people. Calligraphy is not only 7 writing skill but also an art that can develop our mind and character. It is now one of my 8 (hobby) that help me relax. When I write, my mind starts to become peaceful, especially when I’m stressed. I’m also 9 (pride) to see my works get better and better. When the Spring Festival comes, my mother always enjoys 10 (stick) the “Fu” character I write onto the door. What a happy time calligraphy has brought us! 【答案】 1．were 2．myself 3．correctly 4．However 5．thousands 6．As 7．a 8．hobbies 9．proud 10．sticking 【导语】本文讲述了作者与书法结缘、学习书法并从中收获快乐与文化熏陶的经历。 1．句意：那里漂亮的书法作品如此耀眼，我立刻被它们打动了。句子主语The beautiful pieces of writing为复数，由前后文时态可知，此处时态为一般过去时，所以be动词用were。 2．句意：我决定亲自尝试一下。固定搭配by oneself表示“独自、亲自”。提示词是“I”，所以对应的反身代词是myself。 3．句意：正确地握软笔、控制墨汁似乎很困难。这里需要副词修饰动词 Holding ，形容词correct的副词形式是correctly。 4．句意：然而，通过练习和耐心，我取得了进步。前文说“起初觉得有挑战”，后文说“通过练习和耐心，我有了进步”，是转折关系，且空后有逗号，所以用However。 5．句意：数千年来，它们从图画发展成了标准的形式。固定搭配thousands of表示“成千上万的、数千的”，是概数表达，thousand要用复数形式。 6．句意：作为中国传统文化的瑰宝，书法现在被很多人练习。这里表示“作为”，用as符合句意。 7．句意：书法不仅是一种书写技能，也是一种可以陶冶心性、塑造品格的艺术。writing skill在此处表示泛指，且为可数名词，其前用不定冠词修饰，writing以辅音音素开头，所以应填a。 8．句意：它现在是帮我放松的爱好之一。固定结构：one of + 可数名词复数，表示“……之一”。 9．句意：看到我的作品越来越好，我也很自豪。be动词后面用形容词作表语，pride的形容词形式为proud。 10．句意：当春节来临时，我妈妈总是喜欢把我写的“福”字贴在门上。固定搭配enjoy doing sth.表示“喜欢做某事”， stick的动名词形式是sticking。 （25-26八年级下·四川德阳·期中）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内所给单词的正确形式。 Last month, I went rock climbing with my school climbing club. At first, I felt relaxed because the first part was easy. But soon I met a cliff. I became very 1 (stress) and wanted to give up. My friend Tom said, “Don’t let 2 (you) down. Every climber faces 3 (difficulty). The key is to get over them step by step.” Suddenly, I remembered what my father once told me: “You need to learn to manage your emotions.” I decided not 4 (stop). I took 5 deep breath and kept 6 (climb). Finally, I reached the top. Looking down, I saw a beautiful valley with a small lake at the bottom. The view was even 7 (amazing) than I had imagined. I 8 (feel) a sense of wonder about nature. After that experience, I made up my mind to do more sports. I am busy with schoolwork, 9 I still go climbing every weekend. It not only builds up my body but also helps me relax. My parents are proud 10 my growth. 【答案】 1．stressed 2．yourself 3．difficulties 4．to stop 5．a 6．climbing 7．more amazing 8．felt 9．but 10．of 【导语】本文讲述了作者上个月和学校攀岩俱乐部去攀岩，中途遇到困难想放弃，在朋友鼓励下坚持并成功登顶，之后决定每周都去攀岩，父母也为作者的成长感到骄傲的经历。 1．句意：我变得非常紧张，想要放弃。“became”是系动词，后接形容词作表语，“stress”的形容词形式“stressed”表示“紧张的，有压力的”，符合语境。 2．句意：不要让自己失望。“let sb. down”表示“让某人失望”，这里要用反身代词，“you”的反身代词是“yourself”。 3．句意：每个攀岩者都会面临困难。“difficulty”表示“困难”，是可数名词，这里要用复数形式“difficulties”表示泛指。 4．句意：我决定不停下来。“decide not to do sth.”表示“决定不做某事”，所以这里用“to stop”。 5．句意：我深吸了一口气，继续攀爬。“take a deep breath”是固定短语，表示“深吸一口气”，所以用不定冠词“a”。 6．句意：我深吸了一口气，继续攀爬。“keep doing sth.”表示“继续做某事”，所以这里用“climb”的动名词形式“climbing”。 7．句意：景色比我想象的还要令人惊叹。“than”表示比较，前面要用比较级，“amazing”的比较级是“more amazing”。 8．句意：我对大自然感到惊奇。根据前文“Finally, I reached the top.”可知，描述的是过去发生的事情，所以用一般过去时，“feel”的过去式是“felt”。 9．句意：我忙于学业，但我仍然每个周末都去攀岩。“I am busy with schoolwork”和“I still go climbing every weekend”之间是转折关系，所以用连词“but”。 10．句意：我的父母为我的成长感到骄傲。“be proud of”是固定短语，表示“为……感到骄傲”，所以用“of”。 二、阅读理解 （25-26八年级下·河北石家庄·期中）Different people have different hobbies. For example, some people like reading, some people like swimming, and some people like collecting things. I have many hobbies, such as reading, ice skating, and travelling. I used to read books in my free time. At that time, reading was part of my life. Every day, I spent most of my free time reading books, newspapers and magazines. At night, I could hardly get to sleep without a novel in my hand. But later I found I could only learn knowledge (知识) by reading. I couldn’t get knowledge in other ways. I needed a change. So travelling is also my hobby now. I can visit many different places. I can learn a lot about people by travelling. It’s very interesting. I have many good friends. They all have their hobbies. Ann studies very hard. Her hobby is reading all kinds of books. Tony loves working with his hands, and his hobby is gardening. He plants flowers and trees in his yard. Judy is a quiet girl. She likes knitting (针织). She always knits sweaters for her dolls. We have different hobbies, but we are good friends. 1．What did the writer use to do before going to bed? A．Watch TV. B．Play sports. C．Read a novel. D．Listen to music. 2．Why did the writer add travelling as a new hobby? A．Because he lost interest in reading. B．Because his friends all like travelling. C．Because he could hardly sleep at night. D．Because he wanted to learn in other ways. 3．What is the best title for this text? A．Activities in Free Time B．The Benefits of Hobbies C．The Hobbies of My Friends D．A World of Different Hobbies 【答案】1．C 2．D 3．D 【导语】本文介绍了作者及朋友们不同的爱好，详细描述了作者从单纯阅读到增加旅行爱好的转变过程及原因，体现了“不同人有不同爱好”的主题。 1．第一段最后一句“At night, I could hardly get to sleep without a novel in my hand.”说明作者以前睡前会读小说。 2．第二段“But later I found I could only learn knowledge by reading. I couldn’t get knowledge in other ways. I needed a change.”说明作者增加旅行爱好是因为想通过其他方式学习知识。 3．文章首句“Different people have different hobbies.”点明了主题，随后介绍了作者和朋友们的各种不同爱好。选项D“A World of Different Hobbies”为最佳标题。 （25-26八年级下·辽宁葫芦岛·期中）How do you spend your free time? Go climbing or hiking? There will be different answers. Most people in Poland (波兰) have their own ways of spending free time. Sometimes they just want to take a rest, but most of the time they try to do something more pleasant. They have many different hobbies. These hobbies help them to get away from their everyday problems and spend their free time happily. Many Polish (波兰的) people like travelling. They always look for new places and add fresh and exciting experiences to their journey. Some of them like to climb mountains, others like to go to a sea or a lake to swim, because these can make them get exercise and are good for their health. Many Polish people also like to do sports in their free time. They are usually crazy about football, and people consider it the Polish national sport. Many football fans may support (支持) a certain team, so they go to watch every match of the team they support, and they buy many things about the team. Watching sports and playing sports are both good ways to relax. On the other hand, doctors say that doing sports is very good for health. Many people in town, especially young men, often go to the gym to take exercise classes to keep fit. Besides these ways, Polish people have many other ways to spend their free time. And they really enjoy their free time. 1．Why do Polish people like climbing and swimming? ① To be good for their health.    ② To enjoy delicious food there. ③ To make them get exercise.    ④ To stay away from the noisy cities. A．①② B．③④ C．②④ D．①③ 2．Which sport is the Polish national sport? A． B． C． D． 3．According to the passage, which group of people often goes to the gym for exercise classes? A．Young men in town. B．Older people in the countryside. C．Football fans. D．Travelers. 4．What is the main topic of the passage? A．The most popular sports in Poland. B．Travel experiences in Poland. C．How Polish people spend their free time. D．Health benefits of hobbies. 【答案】1．D 2．B 3．A 4．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述了波兰人如何度过他们的空闲时间，包括旅行、运动等多种方式，并说明了这些活动带来的好处。 1．第二段提到：“Some of them like to climb mountains, others like to go to a sea or a lake to swim, because these can make them get exercise and are good for their health.” 这直接说明波兰人喜欢爬山和游泳的原因是为了锻炼身体（③）和对健康有益（①），因此对应选项D（①③）。 2．第三段提到：“They are usually crazy about football, and people consider it the Polish national sport.” 这说明足球是波兰的国民运动。 3．第三段最后一句提到：“Many people in town, especially young men, often go to the gym to take exercise classes to keep fit.” 这说明经常去健身房上锻炼课程的是城镇里的年轻男性。 4．全文第一句提出问题“How do you spend your free time?”并围绕波兰人如何度过空闲时间展开，分别介绍了旅行、运动等多种方式，因此文章主题是波兰人如何度过空闲时间。 $