Unit 1 A new start 基本句型（核心语法精练）英语外研版必修第一册

**基本信息** 以8种基本句型为核心，构建“概念定义-例句示范-多题型应用”的系统化训练体系，强化语言结构认知与语境运用能力。 **专项设计** |模块|题量/典例|方法提炼|知识逻辑| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |知识回顾|8种句型+例句|句型分类解析（定义+结构+实例）|从基础句型概念生成到结构特征推导| |考点夯基|单选10/完成11/判断15/语法填空10/翻译10|句型识别（成分分析）、补全（结构匹配）、分类（特征比对）|从单一句型识别到多维度应用拓展| |综合提升|语法填空1篇/阅读1篇|语篇中句型结构分析与意义理解|从句子层面到语篇层面的方法迁移|

A new start 核心语法精练 （基本句型） 目录 1 二、考点夯基 3 一、单项选择 3 二、完成句子 4 三、判断 5 四、语法填空 .......................................................................................................................................................5 五、翻译 ...............................................................................................................................................................6 三、综合提升 7 一、语法填空 7 二、阅读理解 8 句子基本句型 主语＋谓语(S V) 谓语动词是不及物动词，本身能表达完整的意思，后面不需接宾语。 My worries faded. 我的焦虑消散了。 主语＋谓语＋状语(S V Ad) 谓语动词是不及物动词。状语一般由副词、介词短语、不定式、分词或相当于副词的词或短语来充当。其位置一般放在句末，但也可放在句首或句中。 My first high school day passed smoothly. 我的高中第一天过得十分顺利。 主语＋系动词＋表语(S V P) 系动词不能表达一个完整的意思，后面必须加上一个表明主语身份、特征、性质、状态等的表语。 This new campus is a warm new starting point. 这座新校园是温暖的新起点。 主语＋谓语＋宾语(S V O) 谓语动词是及物动词，表达的意思不完整，其后必须要接一个宾语，即动作的承受者。作宾语的可以是：名词、代词、动名词、不定式、疑问词＋不定式、宾语从句等。 ①I cherish this brand-new high school life. 我珍惜这段崭新的高中生活。 ②I know how to balance study and club activities. 我知道如何平衡学习与社团活动。 主语＋谓语＋宾语＋状语(S V O Ad) 有时宾语后会接副词、介词短语、不定式、分词等作状语。 ①I choose to take part in sports clubs after class. 课后我选择参加体育社团。 ②She turned around to greet her new deskmate. 她转过身和新同桌打招呼。 主语＋谓语＋间宾＋直宾(S V IO DO) 此句型中的谓语动词后接两个宾语："间接宾语"多由代词或名词充当；"直接宾语"，往往由名词充当。这类句型常有"给某人某物"、"送某人某物"、"留给某人某物"等意思。 ①My teacher bought me a useful study notebook. 老师给我买了一本实用的学习笔记本。 ②I showed my classmates my new timetable. 我给同学们看了我的新课程表。 主语＋谓语＋宾语＋宾语补足语(S V O C) 有些及物动词的后面有时常带复合宾语结构（即：宾语 + 宾语补足语）。在这一结构中，宾语补足语是对宾语"做什么"、"怎么样"等方面进行补充说明。宾语补足语可由名词、形容词、动词不定式、分词或介词短语担当。 ①Our head teacher told us 〈to value every new chance〉. 班主任告诉我们要珍惜每一次新机会。 ②We decorated our classroom 〈bright and lively〉. 我们把教室布置得明亮又有朝气。 There be结构 There be ... 意思是“有”，表示“人或事物的存在”或“某地有某物”。There be ... 属于倒装结构，后面的名词是句子的主语。There be中的be有时可以用lie, exist, stand, happen to be, used to be, seem to be, appear to be等代替。 ①There are dozens of new classmates waiting in the hallway. 走廊里有许多新同学在等候。 ②There happened to be a free lecture about freshmen planning. 碰巧有一场面向新生规划的免费讲座。 一、单项选择 1．The weather gets warm in spring. 划线部分作________。 A．谓语+表语 B．谓语+宾语 C．状语 2．The school day comes to an end at five o’clock. 本句句型是________. A．主谓状 B．主谓宾 C．主系表 D．主谓双宾 3．My father bought me a new bike yesterday. A．直接宾语 B．间接宾语 C．状语 4．指出划线部分在句中所充当的成分：My mother bought me a new notebook yesterday. A．间接宾语 + 直接宾语 B．谓语 + 宾语 C．主语 + 宾补 5．She/greatly impressed/her American colleagues, /who invited her to stay. A．主语+谓语+宾语+状从 B．主语+谓语+宾语+定从 C．主语+系动词+表语+定从 D．主语+系动词+表语+状从 6．We should respect different festivals around the world. A．主+系+表 B．主+谓+宾 C．主+谓+宾+定 D．主+谓+宾+宾补 7．To join the virtual choir is my dream. A．主+系+表 B．主+谓+宾 C．主+谓+状 D．主+谓+双宾 8．My generous uncle bought each of his nephews a brand new bicycle last year. A．主+谓+宾+定 B．主+谓+宾+宾补 C．主+谓+宾+状 D．主+谓+双宾 9．People / decorate / churches and town halls / with flowers and fruit. A．主+谓+宾+宾补 B．主+谓+宾+状 C．主+系+表+状 D．主+谓+直宾+间宾 10．Tu Youyou / graduated / from Peking University Medicine School / in 1955. A．主+谓+状+状 B．主+谓+宾+状 C．主+谓+宾+宾补 D．主+谓+直宾+间宾 二、完成句子 11．我发现她很渴望参加今晚的音乐会。(anxious) I ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ the concert tonight.(SVOC) 12．He was late for school, and ________________________________ — he forgot to set his alarm clock.   他上学迟到了，这是他自己的错——他忘了设闹钟。 13．他很快读了一遍课文。 (SVOA) He ________________________ once quickly. 14．我爸爸昨天给我买了一本书。(SV IO DO) My father ________________________________ yesterday. 15．I believe ________________________________. 我相信我的父亲是一个有才能的人。 16．吃得太多使他生病了。 Eating too much ________________. 17．You may find it ___________________________________ at first. 起初，你可能觉得它有些无法抗拒。 18．他们发现学好英语很有用。(find+宾语+宾补) They ________________________________ learn English well. 19．Every morning we can hear him ________________________(大声朗读英语).(SVOC) （根据汉语提示完成句子） 20．My dream________________________________ (是成为一名设计师).(SP) （根据汉语提示完成句子） 21．Tom (给我买了生日礼物) ________________________________. (SVIODO) (根据汉语提示完成句子) 三、判断 （一）判断下列句子属于哪种基本句型 A．S+V（主谓）　B．S+V+O（主谓宾）　C． S+V+P（主系表） D．S+V+IO+DO（主谓双宾）　E. S+V+O+C（主谓宾补） 22．My brother swims very well. ________ 23．These flowers are very beautiful. ________ 24．I love reading English books. ________ 25．My grandma tells me interesting stories every day. ________ 26．We keep our classroom clean every day. ________ 27．The leaves turn yellow in autumn. ________ 28．He runs every morning. ________ 29．Mr. Wang teaches us math. ________ 30．I find the story very funny. ________ 31．Children like colorful toys. ________ （二）判断句子属于哪种句型 32．We take notes carefully every morning. 33．The new term will come around the corner. 34．Teachers give us lots of useful advice. 35．You should keep calm in panic. 36．We find volunteer work very rewarding. 四、语法填空 37．An________________ (intelligence) mind alone cannot bring success without hard work. (所给词的适当形式填空) 38．Too much study________________ (press) will stop teenagers from enjoying their daily hobbies and relaxing properly. (所给词的适当形式填空) 39．Over the past decade, thousands of scholarships________________ (award) to students who choose to study medicine. (所给词的适当形式填空) 40．It took me an hour________________ (figure out) this difficult math problem. (所给词的适当形式填空) 41．This new rule________________________________(apply to) every student in Grade Three. (所给词的适当形式填空) 42．The best way________________ (improve) your writing is to keep reading and practicing every day. (所给词的适当形式填空) 43．We decided  ________________(volunteer) in the community to help people in need last weekend. (所给词的适当形式填空) 44．I am looking forward to________________ (take) part in the coming school cultural festival. (所给词的适当形式填空) 45．There are various________________ (traditional) in China. (所给词的适当形式填空) 46．He maintained (坚称) that the________________ (perform) was an extremely wonderful one. (所给词的适当形式填空) 五、翻译 47．这个事实带给我两个宝贵的教训。 ________________________________________________________________ 48．对我而言，词汇是我最大的问题。 _________________________________________________________________________ 49．很多人认为旅行只是时间的浪费。   _________________________________________________________________________________________ 50．从初中过渡到高中真是一项巨大的挑战。(V-ing做主语) _______________________________________________________________________________________________ 51．她给我们作了一个关于现代艺术的有趣的讲座。(SVIODO) ______________________________________________________________ 52．你会发现英语很容易学。(SVOC) _________________________________________________________________ 53．一群来自英国的交换生下个月要来我们学校参观。(SVOA) ______________________________________________________________. 54．花太多的时间上网有损健康。 ________________________________________________________________ 55．害羞的人会觉得社交场合压力很大。（主谓宾补） _________________________________________ 56．我的新校园生活非常充实且令人满意。（主系表） _________________________________________ 一、语法填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Finally, the first day of senior high school arrived. I was really curious 57 the new school life on the first day. The moment I entered the classroom, I looked around. I saw all my classmates waiting 58 (anxious) for the bell to ring. After I sat down, I 59 (exchange) a smile with my deskmate. As soon as the bell rang, a middle-aged man 60 wore a big smile on his face walked in. He introduced himself as Mr Malouf and told us that he was our class teacher. Then he asked us 61 (introduce) ourselves to each other, including information like our names, hobbies, junior high schools, 62 a fact about ourselves. Next, Mr Malouf told the class about his background after we asked where he was from. We finished the first class with the 63 (impress) that our senior high school would be colorful. Our next class was Mrs Kelly’s biology class. She has very strict rules that the students 64 (require) to follow. When I heard these rules, I got very nervous. Although Mrs Kelly appeared strict, I found her also 65 (help) and patient. At the end of the day, I learned if I did not work hard, I would not achieve my goals. However, senior high school is also about being free, being able to join clubs and have fun. I really look forward to 66 (see) my classmates and teachers tomorrow. 二、阅读理解 “Fix up. It’s not me who needs their GCSEs (英国普通中等教育证书) — it’s you!” shouted our science teacher, Miss T, to our year 10 class. We had all just failed our mock exam (模拟考试). Miss T was young, but old-school. While I considered this mock as just practice, she treated it like an FA Cup semi-final. I remember it vividly: “Fail to prepare, prepare to fail!” she yelled. Despite her best intentions, I felt that it was an overreaction. Our real exams weren’t for 12 months, so why all the drama? I had gotten a D without any revision, so I was quite confident that if I did a little reading, I’d be all right. But looking back, I realize I was wrong to ignore her advice. The teenage me found comfort in paying no attention to my tutor’s criticism instead of committing to the hard work of self-analysis and reflection. Success isn’t a tap you can turn on when you feel like it; it’s the result of hard work and preparation. This was the lesson Miss T wanted us to learn. Fortunately, I quickly “fixed up”. Until then, I had been successful in school, but this incident was a wake-up call. I learned that talent alone wasn’t enough; hard work was essential. As the saying goes: hard work beats talent when talent doesn’t work hard. I hit the books hard, and the hard work paid off. When I opened my GCSE results envelope the next summer, the only D was in my name. The balance was acceptable As and A+. This would not have happened without Miss T’s “Fix up” roar (怒吼). I thanked her on results day, but I wish I had shared how she changed my approach to work. Her advice still guides me. Whether in school or in my career as a comedian and doctor, I aim for high-quality performances every time. Like Miss T said, “Fix up.” It’s a lesson I carry with me every day. 67．What was the author’s original attitude toward the mock exam? A．Relaxed. B．Critical. C．Serious. D．Anxious. 68．What does Miss T mean by saying “Fail to prepare, prepare to fail”? A．Preparation is driven by fear of failure. B．Success comes with careful preparation. C．One should always prepare for the worst. D．Failure is one part of the learning process. 69．Why did the author ignore Miss T’s criticism? A．His overconfidence in his own ability. B．His avoidance of self-reflection efforts. C．His misunderstanding of her intentions. D．His boredom with her strict teaching style. 70．What’s the best title of the text? A．A Respectable Strict Science Teacher B．The Journey From Failure to Success C．A Lesson in Success: Talent and Effort D．A Wake-Up Call: The Power of “Fix Up” 1 / 12 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ A new start 核心语法精练 （基本句型） 目录 1 二、考点夯基 3 一、单项选择 3 二、完成句子 5 三、判断 7 四、语法填空 .......................................................................................................................................................9 五、翻译 .............................................................................................................................................................11 三、综合提升 14 一、语法填空 14 二、阅读理解 15 句子基本句型 主语＋谓语(S V) 谓语动词是不及物动词，本身能表达完整的意思，后面不需接宾语。 My worries faded. 我的焦虑消散了。 主语＋谓语＋状语(S V Ad) 谓语动词是不及物动词。状语一般由副词、介词短语、不定式、分词或相当于副词的词或短语来充当。其位置一般放在句末，但也可放在句首或句中。 My first high school day passed smoothly. 我的高中第一天过得十分顺利。 主语＋系动词＋表语(S V P) 系动词不能表达一个完整的意思，后面必须加上一个表明主语身份、特征、性质、状态等的表语。 This new campus is a warm new starting point. 这座新校园是温暖的新起点。 主语＋谓语＋宾语(S V O) 谓语动词是及物动词，表达的意思不完整，其后必须要接一个宾语，即动作的承受者。作宾语的可以是：名词、代词、动名词、不定式、疑问词＋不定式、宾语从句等。 ①I cherish this brand-new high school life. 我珍惜这段崭新的高中生活。 ②I know how to balance study and club activities. 我知道如何平衡学习与社团活动。 主语＋谓语＋宾语＋状语(S V O Ad) 有时宾语后会接副词、介词短语、不定式、分词等作状语。 ①I choose to take part in sports clubs after class. 课后我选择参加体育社团。 ②She turned around to greet her new deskmate. 她转过身和新同桌打招呼。 主语＋谓语＋间宾＋直宾(S V IO DO) 此句型中的谓语动词后接两个宾语："间接宾语"多由代词或名词充当；"直接宾语"，往往由名词充当。这类句型常有"给某人某物"、"送某人某物"、"留给某人某物"等意思。 ①My teacher bought me a useful study notebook. 老师给我买了一本实用的学习笔记本。 ②I showed my classmates my new timetable. 我给同学们看了我的新课程表。 主语＋谓语＋宾语＋宾语补足语(S V O C) 有些及物动词的后面有时常带复合宾语结构（即：宾语 + 宾语补足语）。在这一结构中，宾语补足语是对宾语"做什么"、"怎么样"等方面进行补充说明。宾语补足语可由名词、形容词、动词不定式、分词或介词短语担当。 ①Our head teacher told us 〈to value every new chance〉. 班主任告诉我们要珍惜每一次新机会。 ②We decorated our classroom 〈bright and lively〉. 我们把教室布置得明亮又有朝气。 There be结构 There be ... 意思是“有”，表示“人或事物的存在”或“某地有某物”。There be ... 属于倒装结构，后面的名词是句子的主语。There be中的be有时可以用lie, exist, stand, happen to be, used to be, seem to be, appear to be等代替。 ①There are dozens of new classmates waiting in the hallway. 走廊里有许多新同学在等候。 ②There happened to be a free lecture about freshmen planning. 碰巧有一场面向新生规划的免费讲座。 一、单项选择 1．The weather gets warm in spring. 划线部分作________。 A．谓语+表语 B．谓语+宾语 C．状语 【答案】A 【解析】句意：春天天气变暖。get为系动词，后接形容词warm作表语，为系表结构。 2．The school day comes to an end at five o’clock. 本句句型是________. A．主谓状 B．主谓宾 C．主系表 D．主谓双宾 【答案】A 【解析】句意：学校的一天在五点钟结束。The school day是主语，表示动作的主体；comes to an end是谓语，是不及物动词短语；at five o’clock是时间状语，修饰谓语动词，说明动作发生的时间，所以句型为主谓状。 3．My father bought me a new bike yesterday. A．直接宾语 B．间接宾语 C．状语 【答案】A 【解析】句意：我父亲昨天给我买了一辆新自行车。分析句子可知，该句中，My father（主语）； bought（谓语）；me（间接宾语）；a new bike（直接宾语）；yesterday（时间状语），所以a new bike为直接宾语。 4．指出划线部分在句中所充当的成分：My mother bought me a new notebook yesterday. A．间接宾语 + 直接宾语 B．谓语 + 宾语 C．主语 + 宾补 【答案】A 【解析】句意：我妈妈昨天给我买了一本新笔记本。该句为双宾语结构，buy sb. sth.中me是间接宾语，a new notebook是直接宾语。 5．She/greatly impressed/her American colleagues, /who invited her to stay. A．主语+谓语+宾语+状从 B．主语+谓语+宾语+定从 C．主语+系动词+表语+定从 D．主语+系动词+表语+状从 【答案】B 【解析】句意：她给她的美国同事留下了深刻的印象，他们邀请她留下来。She作主语，greatly impressed为副词修饰作谓语动词，her American colleagues作宾语，“who invited her to stay”是由who引导的非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词“her American colleagues”。因此该句的结构为主语+谓语+宾语+定从。 6．We should respect different festivals around the world. A．主+系+表 B．主+谓+宾 C．主+谓+宾+定 D．主+谓+宾+宾补 【答案】C 【解析】句意：我们应当尊重世界各地不同的节日。主语We，谓语should respect，宾语different festivals，around the world作后置定语修饰宾语，属于“主+谓+宾+定语”结构。 7．To join the virtual choir is my dream. A．主+系+表 B．主+谓+宾 C．主+谓+状 D．主+谓+双宾 【答案】A 【解析】句意：参加虚拟合唱团是我的梦想。“To join the virtual choir”是动名词短语作主语，“is”是系动词，“my dream”是表语，句子为“主+系+表”结构。 8．My generous uncle bought each of his nephews a brand new bicycle last year. A．主+谓+宾+定 B．主+谓+宾+宾补 C．主+谓+宾+状 D．主+谓+双宾 【答案】D 【解析】句意：我慷慨的叔叔去年给他的每个侄子都买了一辆崭新的自行车。本句中主语为My generous uncle；谓语为bought；间接宾语为each of his nephews；直接宾语为a brand new bicycle；状语为last year。因此核心结构：buy sb. sth. 给某人买某物，是“主+谓+双宾”结构。 9．People / decorate / churches and town halls / with flowers and fruit. A．主+谓+宾+宾补 B．主+谓+宾+状 C．主+系+表+状 D．主+谓+直宾+间宾 【答案】B 【解析】句意：人们用鲜花和水果装饰教堂和市政厅。根据句子结构划分，People是主语，decorate是谓语动词，churches and town halls是宾语，with flowers and fruit是介词短语作状语，用来修饰谓语动词decorate，表示装饰所用的材料或方式，因此，此句是“主语+谓语+宾语+状语”的结构。 10．Tu Youyou / graduated / from Peking University Medicine School / in 1955. A．主+谓+状+状 B．主+谓+宾+状 C．主+谓+宾+宾补 D．主+谓+直宾+间宾 【答案】A 【解析】句意：屠呦呦于1955年毕业于北京大学医学院。句中“Tu Youyou”作主语；“graduated”是不及物动词，作谓语；“from Peking University Medicine School”为介词短语作地点状语；“in 1955”为介词短语作时间状语，因此该句的句子结构为主+谓+状+状。 二、完成句子 11．我发现她很渴望参加今晚的音乐会。(anxious) I ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ the concert tonight.(SVOC) 【答案】 find/found her anxious to attend 【解析】空处需要补全 “发现她渴望参加”。“发现”用动词find，在句中作谓语，句子可以陈述一般事实，用一般现在时态，主语为I，谓语动词用原形；句子也可陈述过去的事实，用一般过去时态；此句话使用“find+宾语+宾补”的结构，“她”用宾语her，“渴望做某事”用短语(be) anxious to do sth. ，此处形容词anxious作宾语补足语；“参加”用动词attend。 12．He was late for school, and ________________________________ — he forgot to set his alarm clock.   他上学迟到了，这是他自己的错——他忘了设闹钟。 【答案】it was his own fault 【解析】设空处表示“这是他自己的错”，用主系表结构。“这”指代前文“上学迟到”这件事，用it指代上文提到的整个事件；“他自己的错”用his own fault，作表语。前文时态是一般过去时，前后时态保持一致，因此be动词对应用was。 13．他很快读了一遍课文。 (SVOA) He ________________________ once quickly. 【答案】read the text 【解析】考查动词短语和时态。结合提示SVOA，表示“读课文”用read the text，作谓语和宾语，根据句意可知，描述过去发生的事情，用一般过去时，动词用过去式read。故填read the text。 14．我爸爸昨天给我买了一本书。(SV IO DO) My father ________________________________ yesterday. 【答案】bought me a book 【解析】考查动词短语和时态。结合提示SV IO DO可知，表示“给……买一本书”用buy sb. a book，表示“我”用人称代词宾格形式me，根据yesterday可知，句子描述过去的事情，用一般过去时，动词用过去式。故填bought me a book。 15．I believe ________________________________. 我相信我的父亲是一个有才能的人。 【答案】my father is a talented man 【解析】考查主系表句型。根据前文I believe可知，后文宾语从句用一般现在时表达，从句结构完整，不缺任何意义，可省略没有实际意义的连接词that，表示“我的父亲”为my father，系动词“是”为is，表示“一个有才能的人”为a talented man，作表语。故填my father is a talented man。 16．吃得太多使他生病了。 Eating too much ________________. 【答案】made him ill 【解析】考查动词短语和时态。句子缺少谓语动词，“使某人生病”表达为make sb. ill，其中make为使役动词，“他”为宾格him，作宾语，“生病”为形容词ill，作宾语补足语；此处描述的是过去发生的事情，应用一般过去时。故填made him ill。 17．You may find it ___________________________________ at first. 起初，你可能觉得它有些无法抗拒。 【答案】somewhat overwhelming 【解析】考查形容词和副词。句中find+it+宾语补足语为固定结构，意为“发觉……”，其中it是宾语，后面的形容词短语做宾补，补充说明it的性质。somewhat稍微，修饰形容词overwhelming“无法抗拒的”。故填somewhat overwhelming。 18．他们发现学好英语很有用。(find+宾语+宾补) They ________________________________ learn English well. 【答案】find it very useful to 【解析】考查句子结构。根据汉语提示可知，空处需要动词find“发现”，在句中作谓语。本句话陈述一般事实，所以用一般现在时态。本句话可用“find+宾语+宾语补足语”的结构。句中可用it作形式宾语，“有用的”可用形容词useful，在句中作宾语补足语，前面用副词very修饰，表示“非常有用”。动词不定式作真正的宾语，构成“find it+adj.+to do sth.”的结构。故填find it very useful to。 19．Every morning we can hear him ________________________(大声朗读英语).(SVOC) （根据汉语提示完成句子） 【答案】reading English loudly 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：每天早上我们都能听到他大声朗读英语。动词短语read English loudly表示“大声朗读英语”，在句中作宾补，与“him”为主动关系，表示正在进行的动作，应用现在分词形式。故填reading English loudly。 20．My dream________________________________ (是成为一名设计师).(SP) （根据汉语提示完成句子） 【答案】is to become a designer 【解析】考查主系表结构和动词不定式。句意：我的梦想是成为一名设计师。根据句意，该句为主系表结构，谓语为be动词，应用一般现在时，表示客观事实，主语是“My dream”，故谓语为is；“设计师”的英文表达为名词designer，“成为一名设计师”to become a designer，在句中作表语，故全句译为My dream is to become a designer.。故填is to become a designer。 21．Tom (给我买了生日礼物) ________________________________. (SVIODO) (根据汉语提示完成句子) 【答案】bought me a birthday gift 【解析】考查动词、时态和句子结构。句意：汤姆给我买了生日礼物。buy sb. sth. (给某人买某物)，谓语“买”用动词buy，讲述过去的事情用一般过去时态bought，间接宾语“我”用宾格人称代词me，直接宾语“生日礼物”用名词词组a birthday gift，构成“主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语”句型，符合提示中SVIODO结构。故填bought me a birthday gift。 三、判断 （一）判断下列句子属于哪种基本句型 A．S+V（主谓）　B．S+V+O（主谓宾）　C． S+V+P（主系表） D．S+V+IO+DO（主谓双宾）　E. S+V+O+C（主谓宾补） 22．My brother swims very well. ________ 23．These flowers are very beautiful. ________ 24．I love reading English books. ________ 25．My grandma tells me interesting stories every day. ________ 26．We keep our classroom clean every day. ________ 27．The leaves turn yellow in autumn. ________ 28．He runs every morning. ________ 29．Mr. Wang teaches us math. ________ 30．I find the story very funny. ________ 31．Children like colorful toys. ________ 【答案】 22．A 23．C 24．B 25．D 26．E 27．C 28．A 29．D 30．E 31．B 【解析】22．考查基本句型。句意：我的哥哥游泳游得很好。My brother作主语，swims作谓语，very well作状语，因此本句为主谓结构（S+V）。 23．考查基本句型。句意：这些花十分漂亮。These flowers作主语，are是系动词，very beautiful作表语，因此本句为主系表结构（S+V+P）。 24．考查基本句型。句意：我喜欢读英语书。I作主语，love作谓语，reading English books作宾语，因此本句为主谓宾结构（S+V+O）。 25．考查基本句型。句意：奶奶每天给我讲有趣的故事。My grandma作主语，tells作谓语，me是间接宾语，interesting stories是直接宾语，every day作状语，因此本句为主谓双宾结构（S+V+IO+DO）。 26．考查基本句型。句意：我们每天保持教室干净。We作主语，keep作谓语，our classroom作宾语，clean补充说明宾语状态，作宾语补足语，every day作状语，因此本句为主谓宾补结构（S+V+O+C）。 27．考查基本句型。句意：树叶在秋天变黄。The leaves作主语，turn是系动词，yellow作表语，in autumn作状语，因此本句为主系表结构（S+V+P）。 28．考查基本句型。句意：他每天早上跑步。He作主语，run作谓语，every morning 作状语，因此本句为主谓结构（S+V）。 29．考查基本句型。句意：王老师教我们数学。Mr. Wang作主语，teaches作谓语，us是间接宾语，math是直接宾语，因此本句为主谓双宾结构（S+V+IO+DO）。 30．考查基本句型。句意：我觉得这个故事很有趣。I作主语，find作谓语，the story作宾语，very funny补充说明宾语，作宾语补足语，因此本句为主谓宾补结构（S+V+O+C）。 31．考查基本句型。句意：孩子们喜欢五颜六色的玩具。Children作主语，like作谓语，colorful toys作宾语，因此本句为主谓宾结构（S+V+O）。 （二）判断句子属于哪种句型 32．We take notes carefully every morning. 33．The new term will come around the corner. 34．Teachers give us lots of useful advice. 35．You should keep calm in panic. 36．We find volunteer work very rewarding. 【答案】32．主谓宾状 33．主谓状 34．主谓双宾 35．主系表 36．主谓宾补 【解析】32．考查基本句型。句意：我们每天早上认真记笔记。成分划分：S (We) + V (take) + O (notes) + 状语 (carefully, every morning)。 33．考查基本句型。句意：新学期即将到来。成分划分：S (The new term) + V (will come) + 状语 (around the corner)。 34．考查基本句型。句意：老师们给我们许多实用的建议。成分划分：S (Teachers) + V (give) + IO (us 间接宾语) + DO (lots of useful advice 直接宾语)。 35．考查基本句型。句意：陷入慌乱时你应当保持冷静。成分划分：S (You) + V (should keep系动词) + P (calm) + 状语 (in panic)。 36．考查基本句型。句意：我们觉得志愿工作十分有意义。成分划分：S (We) + V (find) + O (volunteer work) + OC (very rewarding)。 四、语法填空 37．An________________ (intelligence) mind alone cannot bring success without hard work. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】intelligent 【解析】句意：不付出努力，单凭聪明的头脑是无法取得成功的。空格位于不定冠词An之后，需要修饰名词mind，因此必须填入形容词形式作定语。intelligence是名词，意为“智力、智慧”，对应的形容词形式为intelligent，意为“聪明的、有才智的”。 38．Too much study________________ (press) will stop teenagers from enjoying their daily hobbies and relaxing properly. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】pressure 【解析】句意：过重的学业压力会让青少年无法享受日常爱好、无法适度放松。空格前Too much study作定语修饰空格单词，此处需要名词；press的名词形式pressure，表示“压力”，为不可数名词。 39．Over the past decade, thousands of scholarships________________ (award) to students who choose to study medicine. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】have been awarded 【解析】句意：在过去十年里，数千份奖学金被颁发给选择学医的学生。 时间标志Over the past decade提示用现在完成时；scholarships和award是被动关系，主语为复数，助动词应用have。 40．It took me an hour________________ (figure out) this difficult math problem. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】to figure out 【解析】句意：我花了一个小时才解出这道数学难题。此处为固定句型“It took sb. some time to do sth.”，表示“做某事花费某人多长时间”，it为形式主语，真正的主语是后面的不定式短语，应用不定式to figure out。 41．This new rule________________________________(apply to) every student in Grade Three. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】applies to 【解析】句意：这项新规定适用于三年级的每一位学生。空处为句子的谓语动词，此处表述客观事实，要用一般现在时；主语This new rule是单数第三人称，谓语动词要使用对应的第三人称单数形式。 42．The best way________________ (improve) your writing is to keep reading and practicing every day. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】to improve 【解析】句意：提升写作水平的最好方法就是坚持每天阅读和练习。way后常用不定式作定语。 43．We decided  ________________(volunteer) in the community to help people in need last weekend. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】to volunteer 【解析】句意：上周末我们决定去社区做志愿活动，帮助有需要的人。decide to do为固定搭配，使用不定式结构作宾语，意为“决定去做某事”。 44．I am looking forward to________________ (take) part in the coming school cultural festival. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】taking 【解析】句意：我期待参与即将到来的校园文化节。look forward to是固定短语，意为“期待”，此处to是介词，后接动名词taking，作宾语。 45．There are various________________ (traditional) in China. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】traditions 【解析】句意：中国有各种各样的传统习俗。本句是There be句型，空处用名词作主语。various后接可数名词时必须用复数形式，同时be动词为复数形式are，也说明主语用复数traditions。 46．He maintained (坚称) that the________________ (perform) was an extremely wonderful one. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】performance 【解析】句意：他坚称这场表演极其精彩。空格处在that从句中作主语，且从句的谓语动词是was，说明从句的主语是单数形式。所给词perform是动词，意为“表演”，其对应的名词形式performance表示“表演、演出”，符合“他坚称这场表演极其精彩”的语境。 五、翻译 47．这个事实带给我两个宝贵的教训。 ________________________________________________________________ 【答案】This truth carries two precious lessons. 【解析】“这个事实”表达为This truth ；“带给”在这里用carry；“宝贵的”是precious ；“教训”用lessons；“两个宝贵的教训”为two precious lessons作宾语。此句为简单的主谓宾结构，描述一般性事实，用一般现在时，主语This truth是第三人称单数，所以谓语动词carry用第三人称单数形式carries。 48．对我而言，词汇是我最大的问题。 _________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】As far as I am concerned, vocabulary is my biggest problem. 【解析】考查固定短语、主系表结构、时态和最高级。“对我而言”可用固定短语as far as I am concerned；“……是……”用主系表结构，其中“词汇”为主语，用vocabulary表示，为抽象名词，不可数，谓语“是”用第三人称单数，描述现在的状态，用一般现在时。“我最大的问题”用形容词最高级，翻译为my biggest problem。故翻译为：As far as I am concerned, vocabulary is my biggest problem.。 49．很多人认为旅行只是时间的浪费。   _________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Many people think that travelling around is only a waste of time. 【解析】考查时态，句子结构和宾语从句。此句陈述客观事实，为一般现在时；“很多人”表达为Many people ；“认为”表达为think，后接that引导的宾语从句“旅行只是时间的浪费”，从句用主系表结构；“旅行”这里用动名词形式travelling around作主语，be动词用is；“只是”表达为only ；“时间的浪费”表达为a waste of time。故译为Many people think that travelling around is only a waste of time. 50．从初中过渡到高中真是一项巨大的挑战。(V-ing做主语) _______________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Transitioning from junior high school to senior high school is really a huge challenge. 【解析】考查动名词作主语、固定短语和名词。表示“从……过渡到……”用固定短语transition from... to...，此处用动名词transitioning作主语；transitioning from... to...作主语，视为单数，且句子描述客观事实，谓语动词应用is；表示“初中”用junior high school，作宾语；表示“高中”用senior high school，作宾语；表示“一项巨大的挑战”用a huge challenge，其中challenge是名词作表语，意为“挑战，难题”。故翻译为Transitioning from junior high school to senior high school is really a huge challenge. 51．她给我们作了一个关于现代艺术的有趣的讲座。(SVIODO) ______________________________________________________________ 【答案】She gave us an interesting lecture on modern art. 【解析】考查句子结构。句子陈述过去发生的事情，用一般过去时；该句要求使用SVIODO句型，句中She“她”是主语（S），gave“给”是谓语（V），us“我们”是间接宾语（IO），an interesting lecture on modern art“一个关于现代艺术的有趣的讲座”是直接宾语（DO），符合主谓间接宾语直接宾语句型要求。故翻译为She gave us an interesting lecture on modern art.。 52．你会发现英语很容易学。(SVOC) _________________________________________________________________ 【答案】You will find English very easy to learn. 【解析】考查基本句型、时态。表示“你”用you，作主语，位于句首，首字母大写。表示“发现”用find，描述将来发生的事情，句子时态用一般将来时，谓语用will find。表示“英语”用English，作宾语。表示“很容易学”用very easy to learn，作宾语补足语。故翻译为：You will find English very easy to learn. 53．一群来自英国的交换生下个月要来我们学校参观。(SVOA) ______________________________________________________________. 【答案】A group of exchange students from the UK are going to visit our school next month. 【解析】考查句子结构。该句要求使用 SVOA 句型，句首表示“一群来自英国的交换生”为A group of exchange students from the UK，作主语（S），表示“要来参观”是将来要发生的事情，用are going to visit作谓语（V），表示“我们学校”为our school作宾语（O），表示“下个月”为next month作时间状语（A），符合主谓宾状句型要求。故翻译为A group of exchange students from the UK are going to visit our school next month. 54．花太多的时间上网有损健康。 ________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Spending too much time online is unhealthy. 【解析】考查动名词短语、形容词和时态。根据句意以及句子结构可知，该句为主系表结构，表示“花太多的时间上网”应为动名词短语Spending too much time online作句子的主语成分，is为系动词，表语为表示“不健康的”形容词unhealthy；结合句意可知，该句应为陈述客观事实，为一般现在时。故翻译为：Spending too much time online is unhealthy. 55．害羞的人会觉得社交场合压力很大。（主谓宾补） _________________________________________ 【答案】Shy people can find social situations quite stressful. 【解析】考查短语和固定结构。句子陈述事实用一般现在时；结合提示可知用“主谓宾补”结构；表示“害羞的人”为shy people，作主语；表示“会”用情态动词can表示客观的可能性；表示“觉得……”可用“find+宾语+宾补”结构，放在情态动词后用动词原形；表示“社交场合”为social situations，作宾语；表示“压力很大”为quite stressful，作宾语补足语。故翻译为Shy people can find social situations quite stressful. 56．我的新校园生活非常充实且令人满意。（主系表） _________________________________________ 【答案】My new campus life is very fulfilling and satisfying. 【解析】考查形容词和时态。结合句子提示可知句子使用“主系表”结构，句子陈述事实用一般现在时；主语“我的新校园生活”为my new campus life；be动词用is；表示“非常充实”用be very fulfilling；表示“令人满意”用形容词satisfying，and连接并列成分作表语。故翻译为My new campus life is very fulfilling and satisfying. 一、语法填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Finally, the first day of senior high school arrived. I was really curious 57 the new school life on the first day. The moment I entered the classroom, I looked around. I saw all my classmates waiting 58 (anxious) for the bell to ring. After I sat down, I 59 (exchange) a smile with my deskmate. As soon as the bell rang, a middle-aged man 60 wore a big smile on his face walked in. He introduced himself as Mr Malouf and told us that he was our class teacher. Then he asked us 61 (introduce) ourselves to each other, including information like our names, hobbies, junior high schools, 62 a fact about ourselves. Next, Mr Malouf told the class about his background after we asked where he was from. We finished the first class with the 63 (impress) that our senior high school would be colorful. Our next class was Mrs Kelly’s biology class. She has very strict rules that the students 64 (require) to follow. When I heard these rules, I got very nervous. Although Mrs Kelly appeared strict, I found her also 65 (help) and patient. At the end of the day, I learned if I did not work hard, I would not achieve my goals. However, senior high school is also about being free, being able to join clubs and have fun. I really look forward to 66 (see) my classmates and teachers tomorrow. 【答案】 57．about 58．anxiously 59．exchanged 60．who/that 61．to introduce 62．and 63．impression 64．are required 65．helpful 66．seeing 【导语】本文主要讲述作者高中开学第一天的经历，描写初见同学、班主任和生物老师的场景，并抒发了对高中生活的感悟与期待。 【解析】57．考查介词。句意：第一天，我对全新的校园生活充满好奇。固定搭配be curious about表示“对…… 感到好奇”。 58．考查副词。句意：我看见全班同学都焦急地等待上课铃响起。此处修饰动词waiting，要用副词anxiously。 59．考查时态。句意：我坐下后，和同桌相视一笑。叙述开学当天发生的事，使用一般过去时，exchange的过去式是exchanged。 60．考查定语从句。句意：铃声一响，一位面带笑容的中年男士走了进来。空处引导限制性定语从句，先行词a middle-aged man，指人，关系词在从句中作主语，可用关系代词who或that。 61．考查非谓语动词。句意：随后他让我们互相做自我介绍，内容包括姓名、爱好、初中母校以及关于自己的一个事实。固定搭配ask sb. to do sth.意为“要求某人做某事”，用不定式to introduce作宾语补足语。 62．考查并列连词。句意同上。names, hobbies, junior high schools与a fact about ourselves是并列列举的内容，用并列连词and连接。 63．考查名词。句意：第一堂课结束时，我留下了这样的印象：高中生活会丰富多彩。定冠词the后需要名词作with的宾语，动词impress对应的名词是impression。 64．考查时态、语态。句意：她制定了十分严格的规章制度，要求学生必须遵守。根据has可知，句子描述客观情况，使用了一般现在时，students和require之间是被动关系，故用一般现在时的被动语态，主语students是复数，被动语态用are required。 65．考查形容词。句意：尽管凯利老师看起来很严厉，但我发现她热心又有耐心。此处与patient并列作宾语补足语，需要形容词，help的形容词形式helpful，意为“乐于助人的”。 66．考查非谓语动词。句意：我十分期待明天再见到老师和同学们。固定搭配look forward to doing sth.中to是介词，后面接动名词seeing作宾语。 二、阅读理解 “Fix up. It’s not me who needs their GCSEs (英国普通中等教育证书) — it’s you!” shouted our science teacher, Miss T, to our year 10 class. We had all just failed our mock exam (模拟考试). Miss T was young, but old-school. While I considered this mock as just practice, she treated it like an FA Cup semi-final. I remember it vividly: “Fail to prepare, prepare to fail!” she yelled. Despite her best intentions, I felt that it was an overreaction. Our real exams weren’t for 12 months, so why all the drama? I had gotten a D without any revision, so I was quite confident that if I did a little reading, I’d be all right. But looking back, I realize I was wrong to ignore her advice. The teenage me found comfort in paying no attention to my tutor’s criticism instead of committing to the hard work of self-analysis and reflection. Success isn’t a tap you can turn on when you feel like it; it’s the result of hard work and preparation. This was the lesson Miss T wanted us to learn. Fortunately, I quickly “fixed up”. Until then, I had been successful in school, but this incident was a wake-up call. I learned that talent alone wasn’t enough; hard work was essential. As the saying goes: hard work beats talent when talent doesn’t work hard. I hit the books hard, and the hard work paid off. When I opened my GCSE results envelope the next summer, the only D was in my name. The balance was acceptable As and A+. This would not have happened without Miss T’s “Fix up” roar (怒吼). I thanked her on results day, but I wish I had shared how she changed my approach to work. Her advice still guides me. Whether in school or in my career as a comedian and doctor, I aim for high-quality performances every time. Like Miss T said, “Fix up.” It’s a lesson I carry with me every day. 67．What was the author’s original attitude toward the mock exam? A．Relaxed. B．Critical. C．Serious. D．Anxious. 68．What does Miss T mean by saying “Fail to prepare, prepare to fail”? A．Preparation is driven by fear of failure. B．Success comes with careful preparation. C．One should always prepare for the worst. D．Failure is one part of the learning process. 69．Why did the author ignore Miss T’s criticism? A．His overconfidence in his own ability. B．His avoidance of self-reflection efforts. C．His misunderstanding of her intentions. D．His boredom with her strict teaching style. 70．What’s the best title of the text? A．A Respectable Strict Science Teacher B．The Journey From Failure to Success C．A Lesson in Success: Talent and Effort D．A Wake-Up Call: The Power of “Fix Up” 【答案】67．A 68．B 69．B 70．D 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。讲述了作者在十年级模拟考试失利后，科学老师T老师的一句“Fix up”点醒了自己，让作者意识到准备与努力的重要性，最终通过刻苦学习取得优异成绩，并将这一教训贯穿学习与职业生涯的经历。 【解析】67．推理判断题。根据第二段“While I considered this mock as just practice, she treated it like an FA Cup semi-final.”(我只把这次模拟考试当作练习，而她却把它看得像足总杯半决赛一样重要。)以及第三段“I had gotten a D without any revision, so I was quite confident that if I did a little reading, I’d be all right.”(我没复习就得了D，所以我很自信只要稍微看会儿书就没问题。)可知，作者最初对模拟考试的态度十分轻松随意。故选A。 68．词句猜测题。根据第三段“Fail to prepare, prepare to fail!”(不做准备，就是准备失败！)以及第四段“Success isn’t a tap you can turn on when you feel like it; it’s the result of hard work and preparation.”(成功不是你想开就能打开的水龙头，它是努力与准备的结果。)可知，这句话意在说明成功源于认真充分的准备。故选B。 69．细节理解题。根据第四段“The teenage me found comfort in paying no attention to my tutor’s criticism instead of committing to the hard work of self-analysis and reflection.”(年少的我乐于无视老师的批评，而不愿付出努力去自我分析和反思。)可知，作者忽视T老师的批评是因为他逃避进行自我反思。故选B。 70．主旨大意题。通读全文可知，作者以老师的“Fix up”为转折点，这次提醒成为作者的成长警钟，让其明白努力与准备的重要性，并影响至今。D选项“一记警钟：“振作起来”的力量”最能概括全文主旨，适合用作标题。故选D。 1 / 12 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $