话题综合03 人与社会—社会服务与人际沟通 （综合训练）（北京专用）2027年高考英语一轮复习讲练测

**基本信息** 以“社会服务与人际沟通”为核心话题，整合多样题型与真实情境，系统考查语言能力、文化意识及思维品质。 **综合设计** |模块|题量/典例|题型特征|知识逻辑| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |完形填空|10题|机场场景人际互动转变|通过情感变化考查语境词汇运用| |语法填空|10题（3篇）|个性、飓风救援、平凡英雄主题|语法规则在社会情境中的应用| |阅读理解|11题（3篇）|志愿者服务、社交认知地图、友谊沟通|信息获取与跨文本社会现象分析| |七选五|5题|积极倾听与共情技巧|沟通策略的逻辑构建| |阅读表达|4题|学生解决食物浪费案例|社会服务中的问题解决与语言表达|

话题综合03 人与社会—社会服务与人际沟通 （考试时间：60分钟 试卷满分：74分） 一、完形填空 (共 10 小题；每小题 1.5 分，共 15 分) （2026·北京东城·一模）Having braved a Chicago snowstorm and rush-hour traffic, I dragged my large suitcase through the 1 . There were people, bags, packages, babies, and sour faces. Three hours. That’s how long my flight was delayed. The only seats near my gate were next to other people, and I was 2 other people. I sat on the floor, folded my arms across my chest and 3 a look of quiet anger. Nearby, a lady with a shopping bag took a seat next to another lady with a shopping bag from the same store. The first one introduced herself, opened her bag and rooted through tissue paper. “25% off!” she said, taking out a bowl. “33% off!” said the other, 4 a plate. They laughed and started chattering away. The sound of such insincere company was deeply 5 . A passenger looking like a businessman sat behind them and said something. The ladies erupted in laughter. Soon, a purple-haired young man pulled off his earphones and started listening in. This happy group had a 6 conversation going. Must be nice, I allowed. If you like that shallow 7 . After an hour, my back hurt. I got up and took the seat next to the young man, who was telling a funny joke. The businessman caught my eye and said, “Don’t I know you from somewhere?” We 8 travel notes and found no intersections. He invited me in anyway. I had to exchange stories with them: Forgotten luggage. Epic delays. Missed connections. 9 , something warm was taking place: we were stuck but having a really great time. It was three hours more before our plane arrived. When it came time to board, we walked slowly behind our fellow travelers. The young man carried the two ladies’ bags. We were quiet now, having no idea what to say. One of the ladies broke the silence: “Do you think we should have a 10 sometime?” 1．A．city B．airport C．shops D．streets 2．A．out of touch with B．in doubt about C．on poor terms with D．in no mood for 3．A．changed B．adopted C．caught D．expected 4．A．cleaning out B．digging out C．giving out D．cutting out 5．A．annoying B．heartbreaking C．harmful D．disappointing 6．A．meaningful B．refreshing C．serious D．regular 7．A．opinion B．trust C．friendship D．understanding 8．A．compared B．collected C．consulted D．updated 9．A．Similarly B．Predictably C．Interestingly D．Logically 10．A．conversation B．flight C．reunion D．wish 二、语法填空 (共 10 小题；每小题 1.5 分，共 15 分) 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 A （2026·北京房山·一模） Personality is the characteristic patterns of thoughts, feelings and behaviour 11 make a person unique. Understanding personality allows us to predict 12 people will respond to certain situations and the sorts of things they prefer and value. For example, a neurotic person feels worried more frequently than others, while an agreeable person in general feels more content. An outgoing person may jump for joy when 13 (face) new experiences, while a shy person may feel embarrassed in front of a large group of people. B （2026·北京石景山·一模） When Hurricane Helene rushed towards Rocks Beach, many residents, including Marty Thomas, stayed put, as the storm was forecast 14 (miss) them. A massive storm destroyed the town’s seawalls just at midnight. Thomas rushed to wake his neighbours up, and 15 (take) an elderly man out of the bed and into his car. Thomas, 16 own house was flooding, drove back several times to rescue people of the town where he’d grown up, delivering them safely to 17 (unflood) shelters. C （2026·北京通州·模拟预测） Heroes are often imagined as people with superpowers or grand achievements. Yet real heroism often comes from ordinary people. They don’t wear capes or leap over tall buildings; instead, they have a 18 (last) impact through courage, kindness and selflessness. Ordinary heroes are people such as neighbours, workers and friends 19 choose to help others even when it’s not easy. 20 (ultimate), these ordinary heroes remind us that choosing to help, to speak up or simply to care can make a difference. 三、阅读理解 (共 11 小题；每小题 2 分，共 22 分) A （2026·北京延庆·一模） Volunteer with Us You Can Make Our Great Places Better. Join Volunteers-In-Parks (VIP) to support the National Park Service in preserving and protecting national parks, with flexible volunteer arrangements — you can take part for a day or year-round, individually or with friends and family, and choose spots close to home or dream destinations, as opportunities are offered nationwide. What Can Volunteers Do? The possibilities are as diverse as the national parks themselves. Here are some example volunteer activities: ◆Lead or support education and public-facing programs ◆Maintain or rebuild trails or historic buildings ◆Conduct research or monitor wildlife to preserve our natural resources ◆Help families make memories happen as a campground host ◆Support libraries, archives, and museums in parks to preserve our cultural resources ◆Educate train travelers on the natural and cultural heritage of a region through the Trails & Rails program Find a Volunteer Opportunity ◆Visit Volunteer.gov to search opportunities by location, specific site or activity, or just browse freely. ◆Check the volunteer webpage of a specific park (find by state, click Get Involved then Volunteer), though not all parks have such pages. ◆Explore special programs like citizen science to find activities matching your interests. ◆Join single or multi-day volunteer events to try volunteering easily. Become a Volunteer Apply for an opportunity via Volunteer.gov, with offline Volunteer Service Application (OF301) in Mandarin and Spanish available if needed; a supervisor will then confirm your position and discuss duties, duration and schedule with you. Next, complete and sign pre-start paperwork with your supervisor and get your duty description. After finishing onboarding (including training and receiving necessary items), report your volunteer hours and accomplishments to your supervisor regularly. Devote your spare time and make a big difference to national parks through VIP! 21．Which activity protects cultural resources? A．Building trails or historic buildings. B．Assisting libraries and archives in parks. C．Monitoring wildlife for natural resources. D．Teaching travelers regional cultural heritage. 22．What can we learn about volunteer procedures? A．Application forms are only in one language. B．Duties and time are discussed with supervisors. C．Pre-start paperwork and random reports are required. D．Onboarding includes training and professional skill tests. 23．What is the purpose of the passage? A．To introduce main park volunteer tasks. B．To offer detailed volunteer application steps. C．To advocate participation in park volunteering. D．To stress the importance of park resource protection. B （2026·北京西城·二模）What do social climbers and gossipers (爱说闲话的人) have in common? My mother believes that both are morally suspect, a lesson we readily pass on to our children: avoid the cheater and the whisperer. But stories simplify reality. The most effective social climbers and gossipers possess a remarkable grasp of social structure to navigate (导航) their social worlds. This skill isn’t a moral failing; it’s a cognitive (认知的) skill. Recent work from my laboratory shows that cognitive maps — mental representations of the social world — shape our critical social skills. Social success depends not just on whom you know but also on how well you understand the invisible architecture of your social world. Mapping this is no small task, as social networks are large and dynamic. Yet building such cognitive maps offers great advantages. To better understand social navigation, my collaborator and I developed studies to investigate how people build cognitive maps. Across a year we tracked about 200 freshmen’s friendships and asked them to report their understanding of others’ connections. In one study, we discovered that those who rise to the top of the social structure aren’t the most charming or outgoing — they’re the best social mapmakers. The most influential people quickly build mental maps of their peers’ connection; those initially influential but without accurate mental maps of the network did not stay influential for long. In a second paper, we examined whether mapmaking aids gossiping — a behavior that, despite its poor reputation, can be an efficient way to quickly learn about the ins and outs of the community. To understand how humans pull off this remarkable task, we wondered whether mapmaking helps predict where information will spread. Mental maps become quite useful in this case, as they reveal two key network features: someone’s popularity and their distance from the gossip target. They help find a good friend — someone far enough from the target yet well-connected to spread information. How does the brain build these maps? In one of our recent studies, we discovered that the hippocampus and entorhinal cortex — a neural (神经的) center known for navigating physical space — also carries a map of connections among people. The more strongly these maps are embedded in the brain, the better we are at brokering community ties. If the brain needs to quickly figure out where gossip might spread, knowing where the popular people are positioned or the key relationships that bridge the otherwise disconnected communities allows us to chart the sequence of ties that can efficiently cross the network. Strategic wayfinding isn’t only for physical space. It is just as necessary to be able to effectively move through our social landscapes. Armed with a deliberately unclear map of their social community, skilled social navigators can do what no GPS can. They see the bridges before they’re built, avoid the storms of gossip, and map out a course to common ground. 24．As for his mother’s belief, the author is ________. A．disapproving B．supportive C．puzzled D．unconcerned 25．According to the passage, social cognitive maps can help ________. A．control the wide spread of gossip storms B．memorize others’ connections in social groups C．gain long-lasting social influence among peers D．choose well-connected people as gossip targets 26．What does the underlined word “brokering” in Paragraph 7 probably mean? A．Breaking. B．Managing. C．Experiencing. D．Recording. 27．Which would be the best title for the passage? A．How to Interpret Social Skills B．Navigating Our Social Worlds C．What Lies Behind People’s Social Behaviors D．Brain Structures Shaping Social Relationships C （2026·北京丰台·一模）There’s always one nonexistent friend in the group chat, who contributes little to the chat. That friend is me. When a new group chat is created, the members will inevitably come to laugh at my inability to respond to a simple question within a matter of hours. In fact, I pride myself on my swift response time when it comes to important work emails. “Call me instead,” I tell my friends. “I’m a much better caller.” If it’s urgent, I’ll pick up and always be there. But if I read a message and categorise it as non-urgent, then it’s a different story. Say a friend messages me, asking for my thoughts about a new album. I’ll read it, automatically reply in my head — “I love it” — but mentally file it away in the non-urgent cabinet, telling myself that I’ll tend to that non-urgent filing cabinet as soon as possible. Then I will be typing another email — and absolutely forgetting to revisit that non-urgent cabinet. My declaration of love for the album arrives very, very late. I want to stress I do love my friends and I am grateful to be included in all of the group chats. I simply find it overwhelming to keep up with the never-ending stream of message notifications. In these moments, the message notifications often fall by the wayside, my friends’ messages go unanswered and I sometimes feel like abandoning my phone and zoning out. Not to be dramatic. I recently asked one of my friends how they felt about my bad texting habits. She’s that one friend you can always rely on to give you the non-sugarcoated truth. She said, “The truth is that we knew we had reached a new level of love and companionship when we accepted how terrible you are at replying and chose to embrace it.” “To be fair,” she added, “when we do eventually get an answer out of you — you are always down, you always show up when we need you, you never flake or cancel and you’re usually the one driving 40 minutes across town to see us. We can handle the group chat radio silence in return for that kind of friendship.” At this moment, I think about each friend’s role in the group — the prolific messenger, the caller, the nonresponder — and how we all communicate and contribute to the group in different ways. All expressing love in different ways, too. 28．Why does the author often fail to respond to messages timely? A．She thinks non-urgent messages not worth replying to. B．She finds group conversations exhausting and boring. C．She prioritizes work emails over personal messages. D．She mentally responds but forgets to actually reply. 29．What can we know about the author’s friends? A．They give up on judging each other. B．They learn to accept her the way she is. C．They adapt to her preference for phone calls. D．They complain about her sugarcoated excuses. 30．Which word would best describe the author’s role in her friendship? A．Reliable. B．Independent. C．Difficult. D．Insincere. 31．What does the author mainly convey in the passage? A．A late reply is better than no response. B．Love speaks more than one language. C．Non-responders deserve more love. D．Actions speak louder than words. 四、七选五 (共 5 小题；每小题 2 分，共 10 分) （2026·北京海淀·一模）How many times do you find yourself in a conversation with someone, waiting for the other person to stop talking so you can say what you want to say? 32 This common experience shows a lack of active listening, because you are only thinking about how you want to respond. Communication that leads to real human connection involves active listening and empathy. Active listening includes eye contact as well as verbal and non-verbal acknowledgments that you are listening. 33 Empathy involves reflection, validation and a genuine concern for how others are feeling. This combination of active listening and empathy  —  empathetic listening — can improve relationships of all kinds. 34 Being brave enough to share with another person is a vulnerable position to be in. Imagine sharing something sad with a friend: “I studied so hard for the math exam, but I still failed it.” Consider these two potential responses and how they would make you feel. “Oh well, I’m glad I’m not the one taking that exam. Want to hang out?” “That must be so hard. Thank you for sharing with me. I am here for you.” The first response might leave one feeling dismissed. Why do people respond like that? Perhaps the comment comes from a place of the listener being uncomfortable with hearing something that taps into their own fears or vulnerability. 35 The second response, however, might make one feel heard, seen and supported. It shows the listener heard what the other person was saying, understanding and expressing concern. So how do you know what to say or not to say when someone shares something difficult with you? Sometimes, the best thing to do is to sit and listen. Brene Brown, a renowned researcher in this field, says it best: “Empathy is a strange and powerful thing. There is no script. There is no right way or wrong way to do it. 36 ” A．Shifting the topic might bring comfort to the speaker. B．These include nodding, confirming, and clarifying questions. C．Just be empathetic and you’ll have thought-provoking conversations. D．It’s simply listening, withholding judgment, and emotionally connecting. E．Everyone wants to feel understood for speaking their thoughts and feelings. F．The listener may want to shut down the conversation and move to a safer space. G．You might even expect the other person to completely tune into what you are saying. 五、阅读表达 (共 4 小题；第 37、38 题各 2 分，39 题 3 分，第 40 题 5 分，共 12 分) （2026·北京石景山·二模）阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。请在答题卡指定区域作答。 Emma, a Brookfield High School student from Canada, decided that she would devote herself to reducing food waste so that she could make a meaningful difference in her community. To tackle the problem, Emma planned to create a school composting system that could turn cafeteria leftovers into soil for the school garden. Now her plan is becoming a reality. Ten compost bins are scheduled to be installed around campus in early April. As she began researching food waste, Emma discovered an online tool that helped schools estimate how much waste they produced each week. After entering data from her school cafeteria, she realised that hundreds of kilogrammes of food were being thrown away every month. At the suggestion of her biology teacher, Karen Mills, she first conducted a survey among students and staff to learn more about their eating habits and attitudes toward recycling. Then she continued her research, contacting a local environmental group for advice on composting equipment and maintenance. Since she did not have enough money to begin the project, she persuaded Brookfield’s principal to support her after explaining how the system could benefit both the school and the neighbourhood. Because the school provided the initial funding for the bins and basic equipment, the project has grown to include a student volunteer team responsible for collecting and sorting food waste. The finished compost is expected to be used in the school garden, where vegetables and flowers will be grown for science lessons and community events. “It feels amazing to think that an idea I had during lunch one day could turn into something this useful,” said Emma, expressing thanks for Mills’ guidance. 37．What was Emma’s plan for reducing food waste at school? 38．How did Emma convince the principal to support her project? 39．Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why. After receiving advice from a local environmental group, Emma conducted a survey among students and staff to learn more about their eating habits and attitudes. 40．What can you learn from Emma’s story about solving problems in daily life? (In about 40 words) 4 / 18 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 话题综合03 人与社会—社会服务与人际沟通 一、完形填空 (共 10 小题；每小题 1.5 分，共 15 分) 1．B 2．D 3．B 4．B 5．A 6．D 7．C 8．A 9．C 10．C 二、语法填空 (共 10 小题；每小题 1.5 分，共 15 分) 11．that/which 12．how 13．facing 14．to miss 15．took 16．whose 17．unflooded 18．lasting 19．who/that 20．Ultimately 三、阅读理解 (共 11 小题；每小题 2 分，共 22 分) 21．B 22．B 23．C 24．A 25．C 26．B 27．B 28．D 29．B 30．A 31．B 四、七选五 (共 5 小题；每小题 2 分，共 10 分) 32．G 33．B 34．E 35．F 36．D 五、阅读表达 (共 4 小题；第 40、41 题各 2 分，42 题 3 分，第 43 题 5 分，共 12 分) 37．Her plan was to create a school composting system that could turn cafeteria leftovers into soil for the school garden. 38．She persuaded the principal by explaining how the system could benefit both the school and the neighbourhood. 39．After receiving advice from a local environmental group, Emma conducted a survey among students and staff to learn more about their eating habits and attitudes. Because she conducted the survey before contacting the local environmental group. 40．From Emma's story, I learn that solving daily problems requires initiative and perseverance. By researching thoroughly, seeking guidance from teachers, and communicating effectively with decision-makers, we can turn small ideas into meaningful changes that benefit our community. 1 / 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 话题综合03 人与社会—社会服务与人际沟通 （考试时间：60分钟 试卷满分：74分） 一、完形填空 (共 10 小题；每小题 1.5 分，共 15 分) （2026·北京东城·一模）Having braved a Chicago snowstorm and rush-hour traffic, I dragged my large suitcase through the 1 . There were people, bags, packages, babies, and sour faces. Three hours. That’s how long my flight was delayed. The only seats near my gate were next to other people, and I was 2 other people. I sat on the floor, folded my arms across my chest and 3 a look of quiet anger. Nearby, a lady with a shopping bag took a seat next to another lady with a shopping bag from the same store. The first one introduced herself, opened her bag and rooted through tissue paper. “25% off!” she said, taking out a bowl. “33% off!” said the other, 4 a plate. They laughed and started chattering away. The sound of such insincere company was deeply 5 . A passenger looking like a businessman sat behind them and said something. The ladies erupted in laughter. Soon, a purple-haired young man pulled off his earphones and started listening in. This happy group had a 6 conversation going. Must be nice, I allowed. If you like that shallow 7 . After an hour, my back hurt. I got up and took the seat next to the young man, who was telling a funny joke. The businessman caught my eye and said, “Don’t I know you from somewhere?” We 8 travel notes and found no intersections. He invited me in anyway. I had to exchange stories with them: Forgotten luggage. Epic delays. Missed connections. 9 , something warm was taking place: we were stuck but having a really great time. It was three hours more before our plane arrived. When it came time to board, we walked slowly behind our fellow travelers. The young man carried the two ladies’ bags. We were quiet now, having no idea what to say. One of the ladies broke the silence: “Do you think we should have a 10 sometime?” 1．A．city B．airport C．shops D．streets 2．A．out of touch with B．in doubt about C．on poor terms with D．in no mood for 3．A．changed B．adopted C．caught D．expected 4．A．cleaning out B．digging out C．giving out D．cutting out 5．A．annoying B．heartbreaking C．harmful D．disappointing 6．A．meaningful B．refreshing C．serious D．regular 7．A．opinion B．trust C．friendship D．understanding 8．A．compared B．collected C．consulted D．updated 9．A．Similarly B．Predictably C．Interestingly D．Logically 10．A．conversation B．flight C．reunion D．wish 【答案】 1．B 2．D 3．B 4．B 5．A 6．D 7．C 8．A 9．C 10．C 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了作者在机场因航班延误心情烦躁，后被一群陌生人的愉快交流感染，最终与他们建立起短暂却温暖的友谊的故事。 1．考查名词词义辨析。句意：冒着芝加哥的暴风雪和高峰期交通，我拖着大箱子穿过机场。A. city城市；B. airport机场；C. shops商店；D. streets街道。根据后文“my flight was delayed”可知，地点是机场。故选B。 2．考查介词短语辨析。句意：我登机口附近仅有的座位都挨着别人，而我没心情理会别人。A. out of touch with与……失去联系；B. in doubt about对……怀疑；C. on poor terms with与……关系不好；D. in no mood for对……没兴致。根据前文“Three hours. That’s how long my flight was delayed.”及后文“I sat on the floor”和“quiet anger”可知，作者航班延误，心情极差，不想与人接触。故选D。 3．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我坐在地上，双臂交叉抱在胸前，摆出一副平静愤怒的表情。A. changed改变；B. adopted采取，呈现；C. caught抓住；D. expected期待。根据后文“a look of quiet anger”可知，作者摆出一副平静愤怒的表情，“adopt a look”为固定搭配，意为“摆出 / 呈现某种表情”。故选B。 4．考查动词短语辨析。句意：另一位女士掏出一个盘子说道：“（打了）六七折！”A. cleaning out清理；B. digging out挖出，翻出；C. giving out分发；D. cutting out切断。根据前文对应 “rooted through tissue paper”可知，此处表示同样从包里翻出物品。故选B。 5．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这种虚假的陪伴声让人深感恼火。A. annoying令人恼怒的；B. heartbreaking令人心碎的；C. harmful有害的；D. disappointing令人失望的。根据前文“a look of quiet anger”及““25% off!” she said”和““33% off!” said the other”和“The sound of such insincere company”可知，作者当时心情极差，且认为她们的交流不真诚，因此觉得很烦人。故选A。 6．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这个快乐的群体展开了一场日常的交谈。A. meaningful有意义的；B. refreshing令人耳目一新的；C. serious严肃的；D. regular日常的。根据前文“A passenger looking like a businessman sat behind them and said something. The ladies erupted in laughter. Soon, a purple-haired young man pulled off his earphones and started listening in.”可知，两个陌生女士闲聊，商务男士插话，紫发青年摘下耳机加入旁听、搭话。讲述了一群陌生人凑在一起，开始了日常的闲聊。故选D。 7．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我心想，那一定不错吧 —— 如果你喜欢这种肤浅的友谊。A. opinion观点；B. trust信任；C. friendship友谊；D. understanding理解。根据前文“A passenger looking like a businessman sat behind them and said something”及“Soon, a purple-haired young man pulled off his earphones and started listening in”可知，作者看到陌生人迅速热络聊天，认为这种快速建立的关系是表面、不牢固的，即肤浅的。故选C。 8．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们比对了旅行信息，发现（行程）没有交集。A. compared比较，比对；B. collected收集；C. consulted咨询；D. updated更新。根据前文““Don’t I know you from somewhere?””及后文“found no intersections”可知，二人对比、交流了旅行信息。故选A。 9．考查副词词义辨析。句意：有趣的是，一些温暖的事情正在发生：我们被困住了，却玩得很开心。A. Similarly相似地；B. Predictably可预见地；C. Interestingly有趣地是；D. Logically逻辑上。根据前文“The sound of such insincere company was deeply ”及后文“we were stuck but having a really great time”可知，作者从一开始的抗拒、不屑，到后来融入其中并感到快乐，这种转变很有趣。故选C。 10．考查名词词义辨析。句意：其中一位女士打破沉默：“我们以后是不是该聚一聚？”A. conversation对话；B. flight航班；C. reunion团聚，聚会；D. wish愿望。根据前文“When it came time to board”可知，众人因延误结下友谊，分别时提议未来再次见面。故选C。 二、语法填空 (共 10 小题；每小题 1.5 分，共 15 分) 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 A （2026·北京房山·一模） Personality is the characteristic patterns of thoughts, feelings and behaviour 11 make a person unique. Understanding personality allows us to predict 12 people will respond to certain situations and the sorts of things they prefer and value. For example, a neurotic person feels worried more frequently than others, while an agreeable person in general feels more content. An outgoing person may jump for joy when 13 (face) new experiences, while a shy person may feel embarrassed in front of a large group of people. 【答案】11．that/which 12．how 13．facing 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了性格的定义，以及了解性格能帮助我们预判人们对不同情境的反应和其喜好与价值观。 11．考查定语从句。句意：性格是使一个人与众不同的、具有特征性的思维、情感和行为模式。______make a person unique是关系词引导的定语从句修饰先行词the characteristic patterns of thoughts, feelings and behaviour，先行词是事物名词，所填关系词在该从句中作主语，关系代词that或which符合要求。故填that/which。 12．考查宾语从句。句意：了解性格能让我们预测人们会对特定情境做出怎样的反应，以及他们喜欢和重视什么样的事物。predict接宾语从句_____people will respond to certain situations and the sorts of things they prefer and value，该从句缺方式状语，空格处要用连接副词how，表示“如何、怎样”。故填how。 13．考查非谓语动词。句意：外向的人面对新体验时可能会欢呼雀跃，而害羞的人在一大群人面前可能会感到尴尬。face与person之间是逻辑上的主动关系，要用现在分词形式facing作状语。故填facing。 B （2026·北京石景山·一模） When Hurricane Helene rushed towards Rocks Beach, many residents, including Marty Thomas, stayed put, as the storm was forecast 14 (miss) them. A massive storm destroyed the town’s seawalls just at midnight. Thomas rushed to wake his neighbours up, and 15 (take) an elderly man out of the bed and into his car. Thomas, 16 own house was flooding, drove back several times to rescue people of the town where he’d grown up, delivering them safely to 17 (unflood) shelters. 【答案】14．to miss 15．took 16．whose 17．unflooded 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述飓风海伦妮来袭时，当地居民Marty Thomas不顾自家被淹，多次往返营救乡邻并将他们安全送到未被洪水淹没的避难所的事迹。 14．考查非谓语动词。句意：当飓风海伦妮冲向岩石海滩时，包括马蒂·托马斯在内的许多居民都留在原地，因为天气预报称风暴会避开他们。固定搭配be forecast to do sth.表示“被预报做某事”，此处用不定式结构。故填to miss。 15．考查动词时态。句意：托马斯冲过去叫醒邻居，把一位老人从床上扶进自己的车里。and连接并列谓语，前面rushed为一般过去时，此处也应用一般过去时，用take的过去式。故填took。 16．考查定语从句。句意：托马斯自己的房子被洪水淹没了，他多次开车回去营救他长大的小镇上的人们，将他们安全地送到未被洪水淹没的避难所。此处为非限制性定语从句，先行词为Thomas，从句中缺少定语修饰own house，表示“……的”，应用关系代词whose。故填whose。 17．考查形容词。句意：托马斯自己的房子被洪水淹没了，他多次开车回去营救他长大的小镇上的人们，将他们安全地送到未被洪水淹没的避难所。此处修饰名词shelters，表示“未被洪水淹没的”，应用形容词unflooded作定语。故填unflooded。 C （2026·北京通州·模拟预测） Heroes are often imagined as people with superpowers or grand achievements. Yet real heroism often comes from ordinary people. They don’t wear capes or leap over tall buildings; instead, they have a 18 (last) impact through courage, kindness and selflessness. Ordinary heroes are people such as neighbours, workers and friends 19 choose to help others even when it’s not easy. 20 (ultimate), these ordinary heroes remind us that choosing to help, to speak up or simply to care can make a difference. 【答案】18．lasting 19．who/that 20．Ultimately 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要论述了英雄并非都有超能力或伟绩，平凡人凭借勇气、善良的善举也具英雄主义，平凡英雄的行为能带来重要影响。 【解析】18．考查形容词。句意：他们并不披着斗篷，也不从高楼上跳下；相反，他们凭借勇气、善良和无私精神，产生了持久的影响。此处修饰名词impact，用last的形容词形式lasting，意为“持久的”。故填lasting。 19．考查定语从句。句意：平凡的英雄人物就是那些像邻居、工人和朋友之类的人，他们即便在困难的情况下也会选择去帮助他人。此处引导限定性定语从句，先行词为neighbours, workers and friends，指人，关系词在从句中作主语，用关系代词who或that。故填who或that。 20．考查副词。句意：归根结底，这些平凡的英雄提醒我们，选择伸出援手、发声表达或者仅仅是心怀关爱，都能带来改变。此处修饰整个句子，用ultimate的副词形式ultimately，意为“最终，归根结底”，位于句首，首字母需大写。故填Ultimately。 三、阅读理解 (共 11 小题；每小题 2 分，共 22 分) A （2026·北京延庆·一模） Volunteer with Us You Can Make Our Great Places Better. Join Volunteers-In-Parks (VIP) to support the National Park Service in preserving and protecting national parks, with flexible volunteer arrangements — you can take part for a day or year-round, individually or with friends and family, and choose spots close to home or dream destinations, as opportunities are offered nationwide. What Can Volunteers Do? The possibilities are as diverse as the national parks themselves. Here are some example volunteer activities: ◆Lead or support education and public-facing programs ◆Maintain or rebuild trails or historic buildings ◆Conduct research or monitor wildlife to preserve our natural resources ◆Help families make memories happen as a campground host ◆Support libraries, archives, and museums in parks to preserve our cultural resources ◆Educate train travelers on the natural and cultural heritage of a region through the Trails & Rails program Find a Volunteer Opportunity ◆Visit Volunteer.gov to search opportunities by location, specific site or activity, or just browse freely. ◆Check the volunteer webpage of a specific park (find by state, click Get Involved then Volunteer), though not all parks have such pages. ◆Explore special programs like citizen science to find activities matching your interests. ◆Join single or multi-day volunteer events to try volunteering easily. Become a Volunteer Apply for an opportunity via Volunteer.gov, with offline Volunteer Service Application (OF301) in Mandarin and Spanish available if needed; a supervisor will then confirm your position and discuss duties, duration and schedule with you. Next, complete and sign pre-start paperwork with your supervisor and get your duty description. After finishing onboarding (including training and receiving necessary items), report your volunteer hours and accomplishments to your supervisor regularly. Devote your spare time and make a big difference to national parks through VIP! 21．Which activity protects cultural resources? A．Building trails or historic buildings. B．Assisting libraries and archives in parks. C．Monitoring wildlife for natural resources. D．Teaching travelers regional cultural heritage. 22．What can we learn about volunteer procedures? A．Application forms are only in one language. B．Duties and time are discussed with supervisors. C．Pre-start paperwork and random reports are required. D．Onboarding includes training and professional skill tests. 23．What is the purpose of the passage? A．To introduce main park volunteer tasks. B．To offer detailed volunteer application steps. C．To advocate participation in park volunteering. D．To stress the importance of park resource protection. 【答案】21．B 22．B 23．C 【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了参与国家公园志愿服务的项目，包括志愿者可以开展的活动、寻找志愿机会的方式、成为志愿者的流程等，旨在呼吁人们利用业余时间参与国家公园志愿服务，为保护国家公园做出贡献。 21．细节理解题。根据“What Can Volunteers Do?”部分中“Support libraries, archives, and museums in parks to preserve our cultural resources (支持公园内的图书馆、档案馆和博物馆，以保护我们的文化资源)”可知，协助公园内的图书馆和档案馆这项活动可以保护文化资源。故选B项。 22．细节理解题。根据“Become a Volunteer”部分中“Apply for an opportunity via Volunteer.gov, with offline Volunteer Service Application(OF301) in Mandarin and Spanish available if needed; a supervisor will then confirm your position and discuss duties, duration and schedule with you. (通过Volunteer.gov申请机会，如果需要，可提供中文和西班牙文的线下志愿服务申请表（OF301）；然后主管将确认你的职位，并与你讨论职责、期限和时间安排。)”可知，职责和时间安排是与主管讨论确定的。故选B项。 23．推理判断题。根据文章标题“Volunteer with Us (和我们一起做志愿者)”以及最后一段“Devote your spare time and make a big difference to national parks through VIP! (利用你的业余时间，通过VIP为国家公园做出巨大改变！)”可推知，文章的目的是倡导人们参与国家公园的志愿服务。故选C项。 B （2026·北京西城·二模）What do social climbers and gossipers (爱说闲话的人) have in common? My mother believes that both are morally suspect, a lesson we readily pass on to our children: avoid the cheater and the whisperer. But stories simplify reality. The most effective social climbers and gossipers possess a remarkable grasp of social structure to navigate (导航) their social worlds. This skill isn’t a moral failing; it’s a cognitive (认知的) skill. Recent work from my laboratory shows that cognitive maps — mental representations of the social world — shape our critical social skills. Social success depends not just on whom you know but also on how well you understand the invisible architecture of your social world. Mapping this is no small task, as social networks are large and dynamic. Yet building such cognitive maps offers great advantages. To better understand social navigation, my collaborator and I developed studies to investigate how people build cognitive maps. Across a year we tracked about 200 freshmen’s friendships and asked them to report their understanding of others’ connections. In one study, we discovered that those who rise to the top of the social structure aren’t the most charming or outgoing — they’re the best social mapmakers. The most influential people quickly build mental maps of their peers’ connection; those initially influential but without accurate mental maps of the network did not stay influential for long. In a second paper, we examined whether mapmaking aids gossiping — a behavior that, despite its poor reputation, can be an efficient way to quickly learn about the ins and outs of the community. To understand how humans pull off this remarkable task, we wondered whether mapmaking helps predict where information will spread. Mental maps become quite useful in this case, as they reveal two key network features: someone’s popularity and their distance from the gossip target. They help find a good friend — someone far enough from the target yet well-connected to spread information. How does the brain build these maps? In one of our recent studies, we discovered that the hippocampus and entorhinal cortex — a neural (神经的) center known for navigating physical space — also carries a map of connections among people. The more strongly these maps are embedded in the brain, the better we are at brokering community ties. If the brain needs to quickly figure out where gossip might spread, knowing where the popular people are positioned or the key relationships that bridge the otherwise disconnected communities allows us to chart the sequence of ties that can efficiently cross the network. Strategic wayfinding isn’t only for physical space. It is just as necessary to be able to effectively move through our social landscapes. Armed with a deliberately unclear map of their social community, skilled social navigators can do what no GPS can. They see the bridges before they’re built, avoid the storms of gossip, and map out a course to common ground. 24．As for his mother’s belief, the author is ________. A．disapproving B．supportive C．puzzled D．unconcerned 25．According to the passage, social cognitive maps can help ________. A．control the wide spread of gossip storms B．memorize others’ connections in social groups C．gain long-lasting social influence among peers D．choose well-connected people as gossip targets 26．What does the underlined word “brokering” in Paragraph 7 probably mean? A．Breaking. B．Managing. C．Experiencing. D．Recording. 27．Which would be the best title for the passage? A．How to Interpret Social Skills B．Navigating Our Social Worlds C．What Lies Behind People’s Social Behaviors D．Brain Structures Shaping Social Relationships 【答案】24．A 25．C 26．B 27．B 【导语】文章主要介绍了研究者从认知角度分析：攀附权贵者和爱八卦的人并非只是道德有瑕疵，而是拥有构建社会认知图谱的能力；这类心理图谱能帮助人们认清社交结构、获得社交影响力、预判流言传播，大脑特定区域也参与社交地图构建，最终指出人们同样需要在社交世界中学会规划。 【解析】24．推理判断题。根据原文第一段“My mother believes that both are morally suspect, a lesson we readily pass on to our children: avoid the cheater and the whisperer. (我母亲认为，二者在品行上都令人存疑。我们也轻易把这种观念传给下一代：远离投机钻营者，远离私下说闲话的人。)”及第二段“But stories simplify reality. The most effective social climbers and gossipers possess a remarkable grasp of social structure to navigate their social worlds. This skill isn’t a moral failing; it’s a cognitive skill. (但世俗说法简化了现实。那些擅长社交攀附与闲聊八卦的人，对社交结构有着极强的把控力，能从容游走在社交圈中。这种能力并非道德缺陷，而是一种认知技能。)” 可知，作者并不认同母亲单纯从道德层面否定这类人的观点，对母亲的观点持不赞同的态度。 25．细节理解题。根据原文第五段“In one study, we discovered that those who rise to the top of the social structure aren’t the most charming or outgoing — they’re the best social mapmakers. (在一项研究中我们发现，那些跻身社交顶层的人，并不是最有魅力或最外向的人，而是最擅长绘制社交认知图谱的人。)”及“The most influential people quickly build mental maps of their peers’ connection; those initially influential but without accurate mental maps of the network did not stay influential for long. (最具影响力的人能快速构建同龄人社交关系的心理图谱；那些起初有影响力却没有精准社交网络心理图谱的人，无法长久保持影响力。)” 可知，社交认知图谱有助于人们在同龄人中获得持久的社交影响力。 26．词句猜测题。根据原文第七段“The more strongly these maps are embedded in the brain, the better we are at brokering community ties. (这些社交图谱在大脑中扎根越深刻，我们就越擅长brokering社群人际关系。)” 及原文第五段“In one study, we discovered that those who rise to the top of the social structure aren’t the most charming or outgoing — they’re the best social mapmakers. (在一项研究中我们发现，那些跻身社交顶层的人，并不是最有魅力或最外向的人，而是最擅长绘制社交认知图谱的人。)”可知，社交认知图谱构建得越完善，就越能处理好人际关系，故此处brokering意为 “打理、维系、经营”，与Managing同义。 27．主旨大意题。根据原文第四段“To better understand social navigation, my collaborator and I developed studies to investigate how people build cognitive maps. (为了更好地理解社交处世这一行为，我和合作伙伴开展了多项研究，探究人们是如何构建社交认知图谱的。)”及最后一段“Strategic wayfinding isn’t only for physical space. It is just as necessary to be able to effectively move through our social landscapes. (策略性的寻路不只适用于物理空间，在社交图景中从容周旋同样至关重要。)” 以及全文围绕社交认知图谱、社交处世与布局展开论述可知，全文核心主题是“经营我们的社交世界”。 C （2026·北京丰台·一模）There’s always one nonexistent friend in the group chat, who contributes little to the chat. That friend is me. When a new group chat is created, the members will inevitably come to laugh at my inability to respond to a simple question within a matter of hours. In fact, I pride myself on my swift response time when it comes to important work emails. “Call me instead,” I tell my friends. “I’m a much better caller.” If it’s urgent, I’ll pick up and always be there. But if I read a message and categorise it as non-urgent, then it’s a different story. Say a friend messages me, asking for my thoughts about a new album. I’ll read it, automatically reply in my head — “I love it” — but mentally file it away in the non-urgent cabinet, telling myself that I’ll tend to that non-urgent filing cabinet as soon as possible. Then I will be typing another email — and absolutely forgetting to revisit that non-urgent cabinet. My declaration of love for the album arrives very, very late. I want to stress I do love my friends and I am grateful to be included in all of the group chats. I simply find it overwhelming to keep up with the never-ending stream of message notifications. In these moments, the message notifications often fall by the wayside, my friends’ messages go unanswered and I sometimes feel like abandoning my phone and zoning out. Not to be dramatic. I recently asked one of my friends how they felt about my bad texting habits. She’s that one friend you can always rely on to give you the non-sugarcoated truth. She said, “The truth is that we knew we had reached a new level of love and companionship when we accepted how terrible you are at replying and chose to embrace it.” “To be fair,” she added, “when we do eventually get an answer out of you — you are always down, you always show up when we need you, you never flake or cancel and you’re usually the one driving 40 minutes across town to see us. We can handle the group chat radio silence in return for that kind of friendship.” At this moment, I think about each friend’s role in the group — the prolific messenger, the caller, the nonresponder — and how we all communicate and contribute to the group in different ways. All expressing love in different ways, too. 28．Why does the author often fail to respond to messages timely? A．She thinks non-urgent messages not worth replying to. B．She finds group conversations exhausting and boring. C．She prioritizes work emails over personal messages. D．She mentally responds but forgets to actually reply. 29．What can we know about the author’s friends? A．They give up on judging each other. B．They learn to accept her the way she is. C．They adapt to her preference for phone calls. D．They complain about her sugarcoated excuses. 30．Which word would best describe the author’s role in her friendship? A．Reliable. B．Independent. C．Difficult. D．Insincere. 31．What does the author mainly convey in the passage? A．A late reply is better than no response. B．Love speaks more than one language. C．Non-responders deserve more love. D．Actions speak louder than words. 【答案】28．D 29．B 30．A 31．B 【导语】这是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章讲述作者不擅长及时回复消息，但真心珍视朋友，朋友也包容她的习惯；她明白友谊之爱有不同的表达方式。 28．细节理解题。根据第四段“I’ll read it, automatically reply in my head — “I love it” — but mentally file it away in the non-urgent cabinet, telling myself that I’ll tend to that non-urgent filing cabinet as soon as possible. Then I will be typing another email — and absolutely forgetting to revisit that non-urgent cabinet.(我会看到这条消息，在心里自动回复“我喜欢它”，但在心里把它归入非紧急信息类别，告诉自己会尽快处理这些非紧急信息。然后我会去写另一封邮件，并且完全忘记再去查看这些非紧急信息。)”可知，作者会在心里进行回复，但是之后会忘记真正发出文字回复，因此作者经常不能及时回复消息。故选D项。 29．推理判断题。根据第六段“The truth is that we knew we had reached a new level of love and companionship when we accepted how terrible you are at replying and chose to embrace it.(事实是，当我们接受了你回复消息很不及时这件事并且选择包容你时，我们就知道我们的友情和陪伴已经达到了新的高度。)”可知，作者的朋友接受了她不及时回复消息的特点，因此我们可以了解到作者的朋友学会了接受她原本的样子。故选B项。 30．推理判断题。根据第六段“when we do eventually get an answer out of you — you are always down, you always show up when we need you, you never flake or cancel and you’re usually the one driving 40 minutes across town to see us.(等我们终于从你这里得到准信儿时 —— 你总是那么靠谱，我们需要时你总会出现，从不爽约、从不临时取消，还常常开车 40 分钟穿城来看我们。)”可知，作者在朋友需要时总能可靠地出现并提供陪伴，因此最能描述作者在友谊中角色的词语是可靠的。故选A项。 31．主旨大意题。通读全文特别是最后一段“At this moment, I think about each friend’s role in the group — the prolific messenger, the caller, the nonresponder — and how we all communicate and contribute to the group in different ways. All expressing love in different ways, too.(在这一刻，我想到了每个朋友在群体中的角色 —— 频繁发消息的人、打电话的人、不回复消息的人，以及我们所有人如何用不同的方式交流并为友情付出。我们也都在用不同的方式表达爱。)”可知，作者想要表达爱有多种不同的表达方式。故选B项。 四、七选五 (共 5 小题；每小题 2 分，共 10 分) （2026·北京海淀·一模）How many times do you find yourself in a conversation with someone, waiting for the other person to stop talking so you can say what you want to say? 32 This common experience shows a lack of active listening, because you are only thinking about how you want to respond. Communication that leads to real human connection involves active listening and empathy. Active listening includes eye contact as well as verbal and non-verbal acknowledgments that you are listening. 33 Empathy involves reflection, validation and a genuine concern for how others are feeling. This combination of active listening and empathy  —  empathetic listening — can improve relationships of all kinds. 34 Being brave enough to share with another person is a vulnerable position to be in. Imagine sharing something sad with a friend: “I studied so hard for the math exam, but I still failed it.” Consider these two potential responses and how they would make you feel. “Oh well, I’m glad I’m not the one taking that exam. Want to hang out?” “That must be so hard. Thank you for sharing with me. I am here for you.” The first response might leave one feeling dismissed. Why do people respond like that? Perhaps the comment comes from a place of the listener being uncomfortable with hearing something that taps into their own fears or vulnerability. 35 The second response, however, might make one feel heard, seen and supported. It shows the listener heard what the other person was saying, understanding and expressing concern. So how do you know what to say or not to say when someone shares something difficult with you? Sometimes, the best thing to do is to sit and listen. Brene Brown, a renowned researcher in this field, says it best: “Empathy is a strange and powerful thing. There is no script. There is no right way or wrong way to do it. 36 ” A．Shifting the topic might bring comfort to the speaker. B．These include nodding, confirming, and clarifying questions. C．Just be empathetic and you’ll have thought-provoking conversations. D．It’s simply listening, withholding judgment, and emotionally connecting. E．Everyone wants to feel understood for speaking their thoughts and feelings. F．The listener may want to shut down the conversation and move to a safer space. G．You might even expect the other person to completely tune into what you are saying. 【答案】32．G 33．B 34．E 35．F 36．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了积极倾听与共情在沟通中的重要性，通过对比不同回应方式，说明共情倾听能让人感到被理解、被支持，并阐释了共情倾听的核心内涵。 【解析】32．根据上文“How many times do you find yourself in a conversation with someone, waiting for the other person to stop talking so you can say what you want to say?(你有多少次在和别人交谈时，等着对方停下，好让你说出自己想说的话？)”可知，前文描述了一种常见的无效沟通场景，说明自己想说话，希望对方听，空处需要进一步补充这种心态。G选项(你甚至可能期待对方完全专注倾听你要说的内容。)承接上文的内心想法，与后文“只想着如何回应”形成呼应，符合语境。故选G项。 33．根据上文“Active listening includes eye contact as well as verbal and non-verbal acknowledgments that you are listening.(积极倾听包括眼神交流，以及表明你在倾听的语言和非语言反馈。)”可知，前文介绍积极倾听的表现，空处需要具体举例说明。B选项(这些包括点头、确认以及提出澄清问题。)具体列举了积极倾听的行为表现，对上文进行解释说明，符合语境。故选B项。 34．根据下文“Being brave enough to share with another person is a vulnerable position to be in.(有勇气向他人分享内心想法是一种脆弱的状态。)”可知，本段围绕“向他人倾诉”展开。E选项(每个人都希望在说出自己的想法和感受时被理解。)引出倾诉者的心理需求，总领本段内容，符合语境。故选E项。 35．根据上文“Perhaps the comment comes from a place of the listener being uncomfortable with hearing something that taps into their own fears or vulnerability.(也许这种回应源于倾听者听到触及自身恐惧或脆弱的内容而感到不适。)”可知，前文分析了第一种敷衍回应的原因，空处需要进一步说明倾听者的心理。F选项(倾听者可能想结束这段对话，转向更安全的话题。)承接上文倾听者的不适心理，解释其转移话题的动机，符合语境。故选F项。 36．根据上文“Empathy is a strange and powerful thing. There is no script. There is no right way or wrong way to do it.(共情是一种奇妙而强大的东西。它没有固定脚本，也没有所谓正确或错误的方式。)”可知，前文总结共情没有固定模式，空处需要点明共情的本质。D选项(它只是倾听、不做评判，并在情感上产生联结。)精准概括共情倾听的核心，与上文观点一致，符合语境。故选D项。 五、阅读表达 (共 4 小题；第 37、38 题各 2 分，39 题 3 分，第 40 题 5 分，共 12 分) （2026·北京石景山·二模）阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。请在答题卡指定区域作答。 Emma, a Brookfield High School student from Canada, decided that she would devote herself to reducing food waste so that she could make a meaningful difference in her community. To tackle the problem, Emma planned to create a school composting system that could turn cafeteria leftovers into soil for the school garden. Now her plan is becoming a reality. Ten compost bins are scheduled to be installed around campus in early April. As she began researching food waste, Emma discovered an online tool that helped schools estimate how much waste they produced each week. After entering data from her school cafeteria, she realised that hundreds of kilogrammes of food were being thrown away every month. At the suggestion of her biology teacher, Karen Mills, she first conducted a survey among students and staff to learn more about their eating habits and attitudes toward recycling. Then she continued her research, contacting a local environmental group for advice on composting equipment and maintenance. Since she did not have enough money to begin the project, she persuaded Brookfield’s principal to support her after explaining how the system could benefit both the school and the neighbourhood. Because the school provided the initial funding for the bins and basic equipment, the project has grown to include a student volunteer team responsible for collecting and sorting food waste. The finished compost is expected to be used in the school garden, where vegetables and flowers will be grown for science lessons and community events. “It feels amazing to think that an idea I had during lunch one day could turn into something this useful,” said Emma, expressing thanks for Mills’ guidance. 37．What was Emma’s plan for reducing food waste at school? 38．How did Emma convince the principal to support her project? 39．Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why. After receiving advice from a local environmental group, Emma conducted a survey among students and staff to learn more about their eating habits and attitudes. 40．What can you learn from Emma’s story about solving problems in daily life? (In about 40 words) 【答案】37．Her plan was to create a school composting system that could turn cafeteria leftovers into soil for the school garden. 38．She persuaded the principal by explaining how the system could benefit both the school and the neighbourhood. 39．After receiving advice from a local environmental group, Emma conducted a survey among students and staff to learn more about their eating habits and attitudes. Because she conducted the survey before contacting the local environmental group. 40．From Emma's story, I learn that solving daily problems requires initiative and perseverance. By researching thoroughly, seeking guidance from teachers, and communicating effectively with decision-makers, we can turn small ideas into meaningful changes that benefit our community. 【导语】文章主要讲述了Emma在校推行堆肥计划减少食物浪费并取得成功的故事。 【解析】37．考查细节理解。根据第二段中“Emma planned to create a school composting system that could turn cafeteria leftovers into soil for the school garden.(Emma计划创建一个学校堆肥系统，将食堂剩菜变成学校花园的土壤)”可知，Emma的计划是建立校园堆肥系统，把食堂残余食物转化为花园用土。故答案为Her plan was to create a school composting system that could turn cafeteria leftovers into soil for the school garden. 38．考查细节理解。根据第三段中“Since she did not have enough money to begin the project, she persuaded Brookfield’s principal to support her after explaining how the system could benefit both the school and the neighbourhood.(由于她没有足够的钱开始这个项目，她在解释了该系统如何使学校和社区受益后，说服Brookfield的校长支持她)”以及第四段中“Because the school provided the initial funding for the bins and basic equipment, the project has grown to include a student volunteer team responsible for collecting and sorting food waste.(由于学校为垃圾箱和基本设备提供了初始资金，该项目已经发展到包括一个负责收集和分类食物垃圾的学生志愿者团队)”可知，Emma向校长解释了系统对学校和社区的双重好处，并指出学校只需提供初始资金。故答案为She persuaded the principal by explaining how the system could benefit both the school and the neighbourhood. 39．考查细节理解。根据第三段中“After entering data from her school cafeteria, she realised that hundreds of kilogrammes of food were being thrown away every month. At the suggestion of her biology teacher, Karen Mills, she first conducted a survey among students and staff to learn more about their eating habits and attitudes toward recycling. Then she continued her research, contacting a local environmental group for advice on composting equipment and maintenance.(在输入学校自助餐厅的数据后，她意识到每个月都有数百公斤的食物被扔掉。在生物老师凯伦·米尔斯的建议下，她首先对学生和教职员工进行了一项调查，以了解他们的饮食习惯和对回收的态度。然后，她继续她的研究，联系当地一个环保组织，寻求堆肥设备和维护方面的建议)”可知，Emma做调查在前，联系环保组织需求意见在后，原句颠倒了时间顺序。故答案为After receiving advice from a local environmental group, Emma conducted a survey among students and staff to learn more about their eating habits and attitudes. Because she conducted the survey before contacting the local environmental group. 40．开放性试题。本题为开放性试题，答案不唯一，合理即可。根据全文，Emma发现食物浪费问题后，主动研究、做调查、联系专家、说服校长，最终将想法变成现实。故事告诉我们解决日常问题需要主动性、调查研究、寻求帮助和有效沟通。故答案为From Emma’s story, I learn that solving daily problems requires initiative and perseverance. By researching thoroughly, seeking guidance from teachers, and communicating effectively with decision-makers, we can turn small ideas into meaningful changes that benefit our community. 4 / 18 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $