Unit 2 Getting along 单元核心知识点精讲精练1(Understanding ideas)-2026-2027学年八年级英语上册（新教材外研版）

该初中英语Unit 2 Getting along复习讲义通过表格归纳重点短语、分层解析核心词汇与重难句型构建知识体系，短语以中英对照表格呈现，词汇解析含拓展、搭配、例句及随学随练，句型结合教材原句拆解语法点，清晰呈现知识脉络与重难点联系。 讲义亮点在于练习设计的递进性与针对性，随学随练（如词汇单项填空、句型翻译）夯实基础，综合练习（单词填空、适当形式填空）整合知识，技能提升（阅读理解、完形填空）培养语言能力与思维品质。不同层次练习满足学生需求，教师可据此实施分层教学，助力自主复习与精准教学。

Unit 2 Getting along 核心知识点精讲精练 1 (Understanding ideas) 【主要内容】 · 【单元核心知识点精讲精练】每个单元按照教材安排分为Understanding ideas；Grammar和Developing ideas三个部分。 · Understanding ideas包括本部分重点短语、重点词汇、重难句型等核心知识点。 · 本资料包含数量丰富与多类型的随学随练，基础知识综合练习(填写单词，用适当形式填空，单项填空等)与技能提升综合练习(阅读理解、完形填空或语篇填空等)。 1、 重点短语集锦 1. get along 相处 2. here and there 到处，各处；零散地 3. come back 回来；返回 4. in a very strange voice 用十分奇怪的声音 5. run away 逃跑；逃离 6. at last 最后；终于 7. so...that... 如此…… 以至于…… 8. cover...with... 用…… 覆盖…… 9. fly about 四处飞舞；到处乱飞 10. sing with joy 开心地歌唱；欢歌 11. knock down 撞倒；击倒 12. lead to 导致；通向 13. either...or... 要么…… 要么……；或者…… 或者…… 14. priceless gift 无价的礼物 15. hope to do 希望做某事 16. receive birthday gifts 收到生日礼物 17. plan to do 计划做某事 18. give away 赠送；捐赠；泄露 19. set up 建立；搭建；设立 20. social media pages 社交媒体主页 2、 重点词汇解析 1. selfish/ˈselfɪʃ/ adj. 自私的，利己的 [词汇拓展] selfishly(adv.)自私地；self(n.)自己；selfless/unselfish(adj.)无私的 [词汇搭配] selfish people自私的人 [词汇例句] What a selfish thing to do!这样做，多么自私！ [随学随练] 单项填空 We should not be ________; we need to learn to share books with classmates. A．gentle B．selfish C．weak D．naughty 2. shout /ʃaʊt/v. 大声说，喊叫，呼喊 [词汇搭配] shout for help 大声呼救；shout to对着...大声说话；shout at冲着...大嚷大叫 [词汇例句] He shouted that he couldn't swim他大叫他不会游泳。 [随学随练] 单项填空 It was so noisy that I had to shout ________ you. A．to B．for C．at 3. build /bɪld/v. 建造，盖；造；n. 体形，体格 [词汇拓展] <过去式> built；<过去分词>built；building(n.)建造；建筑物 [词汇搭配] build a high wall 建了一座高墙；build school spirit 培养学校精神；塑造校风 build up 加大；加强；增多；build a good habit建立一个好习惯 build sb. up 增强体质；be of medium build中等身材 [词汇例句] Robins build nests almost anywhere. 知更鸟几乎随处筑巢。 We want to build a better life.我们想创造更美好的生活。 [随学随练] 单项填空 (1) —Who’s your class teacher in this photo? —The man in the middle. He is tall and of medium ________. A．body B．build C．shape D．tall (2) —Everyone should ________ the good habit of saving food. —I agree, so I always eat up the food I order. A．hold B．build C．raise D．prepare 4. since /sɪns/prep. , adv. & conj.自从...... 以来，自从...... 之后；conj. 既然；由于 [词汇用法] · since表示“自...以后，从...以来”，可用作介词，副词或连词。 We've stayed here since last Tuesday.自上周二以来我们一直待在这里。(用作介词) I have visited the museum ten times since I moved to the city.自从搬到这座城市以来，我已经参观过这家博物馆十次了。(用作连词) He left home two weeks ago and we haven't heard from him since. 他两周前离家外出，我们至今还没有他的音信。(用作副词) · since还可以用作连词，表示“既然，由于”。because,as,for等也表示原因，主要区别如下： (1) because是语气最强的，用于清楚地说明原因，回答why问句只用because。 The river is also important because it runs through the Amazon rain forest.这条河之所以重要，还因为它流经亚马逊雨林。 (2) since常表示已知原因，重在说明“既然事实如此”。 We thought that, since we were in the area, we'd stop by and see them.我们想，既然到了这个地方，就该顺便去看看他们。 (3) as也表示大家都清楚的原因，语气比since更弱。 She may need some help as she's new.她是新来的，可能需要一些帮助。 (4) for表示补充说明理由，常表示“倒果为因”，即以结果为依据推测原因。 It must have rained last night for the ground is wet.昨晚一定下过雨了，因为地面是湿的。 [随学随练] 翻译句子 (1) 自从生病住院后，他下定决心戒烟。 (2) 自去年以来，许多国际学生来参观我们学校。 (3) 既然你已经知道了答案，为什么不告诉我们呢？ 5. nor /nɔː/conj. 也不 [词汇用法] · 常与neither搭配使用，表示“也不”。 Neither Jenny or Tom will go to the party. Jenny和Tom都不去派对。 · 用于肯定动词前，表示同意刚提及的否定命题，表示“也不”。 She doesn't like them and nor does Jeff.她不喜欢他们，杰夫也不喜欢。 [随学随练] 单项填空 —Why do people in Bern choose to swim to work? —Because there are ________ traffic jams ________ noise on their way. It’s so clean and beautiful. A．either; or B．neither; nor C．not only; but also D．both; and 6. glad /ɡlæd/adj. 高兴的，开心的 [词汇拓展] gladly(adj.)高兴地；乐意地；gladness(n.)高兴，愉快 [词汇搭配] glad to do 高兴做某事；乐意做某事 [词汇例句] I'm glad to hear you're feeling better.听说你感觉好些了，我很高兴。 I'd be glad to lend you the money.我很乐意借给你钱。 [随学随练] 单项填空 Lisa was ________ to know that she would have a chance to visit London. She couldn’t wait to go there. A．angry B．bored C．glad D．quiet 7. knock /nɒk/v. 敲门 (窗)；碰，撞；把…撞击成（某种状态） [词汇搭配] knock down 摧毁，拆毁；knock at/on敲(门，窗等) knock off停止某事；中断某事；（尤指）下班，收工 [词汇例句] Her hand knocked against the glass.她的手碰了玻璃杯。 [随学随练] 单项填空 (1) I heard someone ________ on the window last night, but when I looked outside, no one was there. A．shout B．ring C．call D．knock (2) Jacky is so careless. He ________ my books and pens ________ the floor when he walked past my desk just now. A．turned; over B．knocked; onto C．knocked; over D．turned; onto 8. afraid /əˈfreɪd/adj. 害怕的，恐惧的 [词汇搭配] be afraid of ...害怕；be afraid to do害怕做某事 I'm afraid（礼貌地说出令人不快、失望或感到遗憾的事）我怕，恐怕 [词汇例句] I’m afraid I can’t go there with you. 恐怕我不能和你一起去那里。 My brother is afraid of snakes. 我哥哥怕蛇。 [随学随练] 单项填空 (1) —I think this new app is really useful. —________. It helps a lot in our daily life. A．I don’t think so B．I’m afraid not C．I can’t agree more D．I’m not sure (2) Some students were afraid ________ in class because they thought their classmates might laugh at them. A．of speak B．to speak C．speak 9. fear /fɪə(r)/ n. & v. 害怕；恐惧；担心 [词汇拓展] fearful (adj.) 可怕的；害怕的；fearless (adj.) 无畏的 [词汇搭配] fear to do sth. 害怕做某事；fear for sb/sth为…担心（或担忧） for fear of 唯恐；以免 [词汇例句] When seeing a snake, the child was shaking with fear .看到蛇的时候，小孩吓得发抖。 [随学随练] 单项填空 (1) He feared ________ his parents because he didn't pass the English exam. A．to face B．face C．have faced D．faced (2) When I arrived there, I found the girl looking at the snake _____  . A．in danger B．in trouble C．in need D．in fear 10. double /ˈdʌbl/adj. 双倍的，两倍的；n. 两倍；两倍数；两倍量；v.（使）加倍；是…的两倍 [词汇拓展] doubles(n.)(体育运动)双打；single (n.)单打；(adj.)单个的 [词汇搭配] double doors双扇门；a double room双人间；play doubles(网球或羽毛球等的)双打 the Double Ninth Festival重阳节 [词汇例句] You and I can share a double room. 你和我可以共用一间双人间。 [随学随练] 单项填空 With the development of AI, the number of smart factories in China may ________ in five years. A．double B．cut C．check D．count 11. similar /'sɪmələ(r)/ adj.相似的；近似的；类似的 [词汇拓展] similarly (adv.) 类似的；similarity (n.)相似，相似性 [词汇搭配] similar to 类似的；相像的 [词汇例句] We have very similar interests.我们兴趣相仿。 The two houses are similar in size.两座房子大小差不多。 [随学随练] 单项填空 —Gina’s new bag is ________ to yours. —Yes. They are the same size and the same colour. A．important B．special C．similar D．different 12. message /ˈmesɪdʒ/n.(电影、书籍、讲话等的) 要旨，主题思想，寓意；消息，信息； [词汇搭配] a story with a similar message有类似主题的故事 get the message领悟，理解，明白（别人的暗示） take a message 捎口信；leave a message 留个口信 [词汇例句] The campaign is trying to get the message across to young people that drugs are dangerous.这次运动旨在让年轻人懂得毒品的危害。 [随学随练] 单项填空 I think the Internet is really useful. We can get lots of___ __from it. A．thing B．message C．idea D．information 13. action /ˈækʃn/ n. 情节；行动；行为 [词汇拓展] act(v.)行动；active(adj.)积极的；actively(adv.)积极地 [词汇搭配] rising action上升情节；take action to do 采取行动做某事 Actions speak louder than word. (saying)行动比言语更为响亮 in action在活动中；在运转；out of action不能工作；失去作用；停止运转 [随学随练] 单项填空。 (1) ________ and work hard for it, and you will get whatever you want. A．Take off B．Take action C．Take up D．Take place (2) Many teenagers are having poor eyesight now, so parents should take action ________ the problem from getting worse. A．to stop B．stopping C．stopped D．stop 14. return /rɪˈtɜːn/ n. & v. 返回，回来；归还；恢复，重现 [词汇搭配] in return 作为回报；return to China 回到中国；return sth. to sb.把某物归还某人 [词汇例句] We will return to our hometown next month. 我们下周将要回到家乡。 We’re waiting for the return of spring. 我们正在等待春天的归来。 [随学随练] 单项填空 (1) My cousin borrows my things without ________ them. A．returning B．competing C．arguing D．comparing (2) Mr. Zhang waited a long time for his son to return. A．come back B．prepare C．go to bed D．wake up 15. lively /ˈlaɪvli/adj. 充满活力的，生气勃勃的 [词汇搭配] a lively and healthy ecosystem 一个充满活力和健康的生态系统 [词汇辨析] lively / alive / living / live · lively意为“生动的”，“活泼的”，“充满生气的”，用作表语或定语，可以用来修饰人或物。 She had a sweet, lively personality. 她的性格可爱活泼。 · alive是表语形容词，作“活着的”，“在世的”解，它既可以修饰人也可以修饰物。作定语时要后置。 The cheetah is alive. 猎豹是活的。 Is the snake alive or dead ? 这条蛇是活的还是死的？ · living意为“活着的”，主要用作定语，常置于名词之前，有时也可置于名词之后，也可用作表语。 He is one among the living men. 他是那些活着的人之一。 The injured man is living. 那位受伤的男人还活着。 · live读作/laɪv/，意为“活着的”，可以作定语，放在所修饰的名词之前，一般不用来修饰人。 He saw a live snake. 他看见了一条活的蛇。 [随学随练] 单项填空。 “In this __________ season of early summer when every _______ thing is full of energy, I wish to welcome all of you!” said Chinese President Xi Jinping at the opening ceremony of BRF. A．alive; living B．lively; alive C．lovely; living D．live; loving 16. theirs /ðeəz/pron. 他们的，她们的 [词汇拓展] they(主格代词)他们，她们；them(宾格代词)他们，她们 their(形容性物主代词)他们的，她们的 [词汇用法] · they是主格代词，在句子中充当主语。 They are from France他们来自法国。 · them是宾格代词，在句子中充当宾语。 I will ask them about the exact time.我会询问他们确切的时间。 · their是形容词性物主代词，相当于形容词，放在名词前作定语。 These are their balls. 这些是他们的球。 · theirs是名词性物主代词，相当于名词，后面不再跟名词。为避免重复，经常使用名词性物主代词来代替“形容词物主代词+名词”。 The balls are theirs. 球是他们的。 [随学随练] 单项填空 —Lily, do people in England celebrate the Mid-Autumn Festival? —No, they don’t. It is ________ festival, not ________. A．ours; their B．ours; theirs C．theirs; our D．our; theirs 17. grade /ɡreɪd/n. 年级；等级 [词汇搭配] Grade 3 3年级；get good grades获得好的等级,获得好的成绩 [词汇例句] Sam is in the second grade. 萨姆读二年级。 70% of pupils got Grade C. 百分之七十的学生获得了C等。 [随学随练] 单项填空 —What class are you in? —I am in ________. A．Class one Grade seven B．class one grade seven C．Grade Seven Class One D．Class One Grade Seven 18. priceless /ˈpraɪsləs/adj. 极其贵重的；无价的 [词汇拓展] price(n.)价格；valuable(adj.)宝贵的；valueless(adj.)没有价值的 invaluable(adj.)非常宝贵的;极为有用的 [词汇搭配] priceless gifts极其贵重的礼物；priceless information极有价值的信息 [词汇例句] That cup is priceless. You can't put a value on it.那个杯子价值连城，无法定价。 [随学随练] 单项填空 Health is ________. Nothing is more important than good health. A．terrible B．priceless C．famous D．nervous 19. past /pɑːst/ adj.以前的，过去的，曾经的；(prep.) 在…之后；多于，超过；n.过去；过去的事情 [词汇搭配] the past four years过去的四年；the past month上个月；in the past在过去 half past two两点半 [词汇例句] We don't know anything about his past.我们对他的过去一无所知。 In the past , there is only a small school in the town.在过去，镇子上只有一所小的学校。 20. offer /ˈɒfə/v. 提供，给予；n. 主动提议；出价；减价，削价 [词汇搭配] offer sb sth = offer sth to sb 给某人提供某物；offer to do sth 主动提出做某事 accept/refuse an offer 接受/拒绝主动提议；on offer提供的，可买到；短期内打折销售 offer a helping hand主动提供帮助 [词汇例句] She made me an offer that I couldn't refuse. 她提出了一个使我不好拒绝的报价。 [随学随练] 根据中文提示补全句子 (1) 他主动提出帮我拎包。 (2) 她要付款，我同意了。 (3) 他给我们提供了一些实用的提示。 21. plan /plæn/v. 计划；打算 n.计划；方案 [词汇拓展] <过去式>planned；<过去分词>planned [词汇搭配] plan for sth. 为...做计划；plan to do计划做某事；make a plan制定一个计划 [词汇例句] Do you have any plans for the summer? 这个夏天你有什么打算？ We're planning a trip to France in the spring─are you interested?我们打算春天去法国旅 游。你有意去吗？ [随学随练] 单项填空。 (1) I plan ________ the Mogao Caves (莫高窟) next Friday. A．visit B．visiting C．to visit D．visited (2) —Shall we go out for a holiday? —Good idea！Let’s _______ to go out for the holiday. A．make a plan B．do plan C．making plan D．planning 22. quite /kwaɪt/adv. 很；较为；相当 [词汇搭配] quite a 相当；非常；quite a lot 大量，许多 [词汇例句] It’s quite clear that Tom is right. 很明显汤姆是对的。 [词汇辨析] · quite是副词，表示“相当，完全”。 · quiet是形容词，表示“安静的”。二者词形很相像，注意不要弄混淆。 [随学随练] 单项填空。 The school library is ________ good because we can enjoy some ________ time in it. A．quiet; quite B．quite; quiet C．quite; quite D．quiet; quiet 23. stressed /strest/adj. 焦虑的，紧张的，无法放松的 [词汇拓展] stress(n.)精神压力；紧张；(v.)(使)焦虑不安，疲惫不堪 stressful(adj.)压力重的；紧张的 [词汇搭配] quite stressed相当紧张的；feel stressed感到焦虑的 [词汇辨析] stress / stressed / stressful · stress用作名词，表示“紧张”，也可以作动词，表示“(使)焦虑不安”。 I try not to stress out when things go wrong.出问题时，我尽量不紧张。 Things can easily go wrong when people are under stress .人在压力之下，办事情就容易出差错。 · stressed表示“感到焦虑的，感到紧张的”。 Work out what situations or people make you feel stressed and avoid them.弄清是什么状况或什么人让你焦虑不安，然后避开他们。 · stressful表示“导致紧张的，让人焦虑的”。 It was a stressful time for all of us. 对我们所有人来说，那是一个艰难的时期。 [随学随练] 单项填空。 In the past, many students felt ________ because of too much homework and high expectations from parents. Now things are getting better. A．excited B．stressed C．relaxed D．interested 24. recently /ˈriːsntli/adv. 最近，近来，不久前 [词汇拓展] recent(adj.)近来的；新近的；lately(adv.)最近；不久前 [词汇例句] We received a letter from him recently. 我们不久以前收到了他的一封信。 [随学随练] 单项填空 I haven’t seen Mike ________. I miss him very much. A．recently B．truly C．carefully D．simply 25. online /ˌɒnˈlaɪn/adv. 从网上，在网上；adj.在线的 [词汇拓展] offline (adj./adv.)线下的；未连线的 [词汇搭配] make friends online线上交友；online shopping线上购物；take an online class上网课 [词汇例句] Don’t forget to send me some photos online. 不要忘了在网上给我发些照片。 [随学随练] 单项填空 —For ________, you’d better use strong passwords (密码). —OK. Then I need to change my password. A．physical health B．personal space C．social life D．online safety 26. allow /əˈlaʊ/v. 使有可能；允许，容许，准许 [词汇拓展] disallow(v.)不允许，不接受 [词汇搭配] allow doing sth. 允许做某事；allow sb. to do sth. 允许某人做某事；allow for考虑到 [词汇例句] Our teacher doesn’t allow us to use mobile phones in class. 我们老师不允许我们在课堂上使用 手机。 [随学随练] 用所给词适当形式填空 (1) Mr. Wang allows us ________ (take) a camera while we explore Mount Tai. (2) As we all know, the library doesn’t allow ________ (talk) loudly or running after each other. 3、 重难句型解析 1. (教材原句)Here and there, over the grass, stand beautiful flowers, like stars. 此句中here and there是地点状语，地点状语置于开头，句子中的谓语和主语使用倒装结构。 英语中为了强调句子的某个成分或者保持句子的平衡，有时会把状语和谓语全部放在主语前面，形成全部倒装结构。 如：On the top of the tower stands a bird. 一只鸟在塔顶。 [随学随练] 单项填空 On the banks of the river ________ a very beautiful town, Yangjiang Town. It attracts many tourists. A．sit B．sits C．to sit D．sitting 2. (教材原句)"I cannot understand why spring has not come since last year," says the Giant. "I hope the weather changes soon." 句中的why spring has not come since last year和 the weather changes soon都是宾语从句。其中第二个宾语从句省略了连接词that。 如：I don’t know why he refused the invitation.我不知道他为什么拒绝了邀请。 why spring has not come since last year中时间状语为since last year，表示“自从去年”。句中有since...表示“自从...”时间状语时，句子谓语动词用现在完成时。 如：They have lived here since 2021. 自从2021年开始，他们就住在这里了。 [随学随练] 单项填空 (1) —I don’t understand ________ my parents didn’t allow me to continue my guitar lessons. —Maybe they thought playing the instrument got in the way of your study. A．how B．why C．where D．when (2) The teacher told us __________ the Earth moves around the sun. A．that B．if C．whether D．what 3. (教材原句)But spring never comes, nor summer. nor用于否定陈述后添加另一个否定陈述，意为“也不”。nor summer是省略句，完整的结构应该是nor does summer come。 如：He didn’t go the party, nor did I. 他没去派对，我也没去。 [随学随练] 单项填空 I can’t swim, ________ can my brother. A．nor B．so C．but 4. (教材原句)And the trees are so glad that they have covered themselves with flowers. so...that...意为“如此......以至于.....。that后连接结果状语从句。 如：He was so selfish that nobody wanted to make friends with him.他太小气以至于没有人想要和他做朋友。 [随学随练] 单项填空 The music was ________ loud ________ I had to cover my ears. A．such；that B．so；that C．too；to D．enough；to 5. (教材原句)How selfish I’ve been. 这是一个“How+adj./adv.+主谓”结构的感叹句。此句也可以转换成What a selfish person I’ve been。 如：How beautifully he sings!他唱得真动听！ What a kind man Mr. Green is! 格林先生真善良！ [随学随练] 单项填空 (1) —________ wonderful experience our family had in the Mogao Grottoes! —I’m glad you had a good time. A．What B．How C．How a D．What a (2) —________ excited I am! I have never visited the space museum before. —So am I. A．What B．What an C．How an D．How 6. (教材原句)"Fear not, little ones," the Giant says. "It's your garden now. 句中fear not是比较老的表达方式，相当于现在的“Don't be afraid."或“Do not fear.”，构成祈使句。此外be，worry，doubt等词也能直接与not连用构成这种表达。 如：Doubt not, my kid. Do it bravely. 不要怀疑，我的孩子。勇敢去做。 4、 综合练习 1. 根据提示填写正确形式的单词，每空一词。 (1) Scrooge in A Christmas Carol is very ________ (自私的) and only cares about money. (2) You can ________ (喊叫) for help when you are in danger. (3) Our grandparents b________ (建造) a small house by the lake when they were young. (4) The rabbit jumped down a big _________ (洞) in the ground. (5) Our teachers were very g________ (高兴的) when we thanked them at the party. (6) 他们拆除了旧建筑建了公园。 They _________ _________ the old building and built a park. (7) He was ________ (害怕的) to tell his parents about the mistake. (8) She has a great ________ (害怕；惧怕) of dogs, so she always keeps away from them. (9) This year, our school library bought d________ (双倍的) the number of books compared to last year. (10) My new schoolbag is ________ to Amy’s. (类似的；相像的) (11) The ________ (要旨) of the story is that kindness always pays off in the end. (12) Each small ________ (行动) can improve our living Earth. (13) After graduation, she ________ (返回) to her hometown and taught at a primary school. (14) Someone who is ________ (充满活力的) has a lot of energy and is very active. (15) —Are there three ________ (年级) in your school? —No, we have six. (16) The ________ (无价的) artwork was stolen from the museum last night. (17) Mrs Smart, thank you for taking good care of us in the ________ (过去的) years. (18) Simon is helpful, and he enjoys ________ me help. (主动提供) (19) The garden around my home looks ________ (相当) beautiful in the warm spring sun. (20) Many students feel ________ (焦虑的) before the big exam. (21) I have been very busy with my studies ________ (最近), so I am too tired to take part in after-school activities or do what I really like. (22) To sell the fruit more easily, the farmers put their fruit ________ (在网上) last month. 2. 用所给词的正确形式填空或者填上合适的介词。 (1) Laura felt sorry for shouting ________ her mom angrily last night. (2) The hospital has a lot of tall ________ (build). (3) We ________ (not meet) each other since last summer. (4) Please knock ________ the door before you enter the office. (5) Lucy is quite shy. She is afraid of ___________ (speak) in front of the class. (6) Don’t be afraid ________ (make) mistakes. (7) Learning English is similar ________ learning maths in some ways, but it is different ________ learning maths in other ways. (8) The government is taking ________ (act) to reduce plastic waste and protect the environment. (9) We will return ________ our school after the holiday. (10) Our classroom is on the second floor, and ______ (their) is on the third floor. (11) If I spend time studying, I will get good ________ (grade). (12) Health and peace are ________ (price). (13) In the past, people ________ (live) in small wooden houses. (14) All of us ________ (make) great progress in the past few years. (15) He kindly offered ________ me carry my heavy schoolbag home. (help) (16) Too much homework makes most students feel ________ (stress) these days. (17) Many events ________ (take) place in our school recently. (18) She is glad ________ (hear) that her grandmother will come to visit her this weekend. 3. 单项填空。 (1) Don’t ________ at the elderly. It’s very impolite. A．fear B．heat C．shout D．sound (2) —How do workers ________ a house? —They usually draw a picture of the new house and then make the foundation (地基). A．post B．build C．tidy D．plan (3) Our school _________ a new laboratory since last year. Now students can do experiments there. A．builds B．built C．has built D．will build (4) He doesn’t like playing basketball, ______ does his brother.​ A．so B．also C．nor D．either​ (5) She felt ______ about the upcoming exam and couldn’t sleep. A．afraid B．glad C．tired D．calm (6) —The city plans to ________ some old buildings in the city center to build a new park. —Really? I think it’s a good idea to make our city more beautiful. A．give away B．knock down C．take off D．pick up (7) I ________ that I won’t be able to pass the coming maths exam if I don’t study hard. A．advise B．ask C．fear D．wonder (8) When you ________ the number 2, you get the number 4. A．double B．ask C．give D．send (9) People with ________ daily hobbies are easy to become friends. A．stressed B．similar C．different D．lively (10) —Can I take a ________ for Scott? —Yes. Please tell him to take his soccer ball to school tomorrow. A．walk B．photo C．shower D．message (11) —Mum, I want to be a doctor when I grow up. —That’s great. But you must make your dream come true by ________. Just saying it’s not possible. A．luck B．action C．thought D．advice (12) — Our country really makes great progress in space development. — So it does. It ________ greatly in recent years. A．improves B．improved C．has improved D．will improve (13) —Now AI is __________ useful in our everyday life. It helps us a lot. —I think so. A．never B．quite C．only D．seldom (14) With its famous mountains, lakes, and rivers, Jiangxi has so much to ________ tourists. A．pay B．offer C．pull D．cost (15) A museum is a good place to keep ________ and beautiful things for people to learn about science. A．worthless B．priceless C．useless D．careless 5、 技能提升综合练习 1. 阅读理解 A During the holiday, many people want to find dazi (搭子) or activity partners (搭档) online for travelling. This is a new way of social interaction (社会交往) for young people. The idea behind this activity is clear. It allows people to find someone with common interests, and it doesn’t take them much time. With dazi, people can enjoy activities more. Ge Jinyuan is a student from Shandong. She likes having lunch with her meal dazi. “We love to share ideas on food,” says the girl. “If my meal dazi doesn’t come to school, I will be sad.” “It takes a lot of time to make friends with others, but it doesn’t take much time to have dazi,” says Shi Zhimin, a student from Shanxi. Gao Meng, another student, also has the comparable idea. She doesn’t want to spend too much time making friends, so having dazi is good for her. She feels deeply relaxed when she stays with her dazi. ▲ “Once, I did something wrong when playing a game, but later I solved the problem with my game dazi. By playing the game together, I find I like working with others!” Shi Zhimin says. Dazi is helpful, but finding dazi online can be dangerous. Perhaps some people lie online. For example, a young and beautiful girl on the Internet may be an old man in real life. So be careful when finding dazi. 1．Why do people find dazi? A．They have the same idea about food. B．They want to spend more time with others. C．It can help people make friends from different places. D．It doesn’t take much time to find friends with the same hobbies. 2．What does the underlined word “comparable” mean in Paragraph 4? A．Special. B．Similar. C．Correct. D．Unusual. 3．Which of the following can be put in “ ▲ ” in Paragraph 5? A．Dazi may be helpful to you. B．Dazi may give you presents. C．Dazi may play games better than you. D．Dazi may have different ideas about games. 4．What might happen when finding dazi online? A．Some people may not tell the truth. B．The Internet makes people more beautiful. C．People look younger than they really are. D．People always meet some dangerous things. 5．What is the best title for the passage? A．Enjoy the Trip More B．Study in a Different Place C．A Good Place to Make Friends D．A New Way to Find Partners B You may not realize it, but you are doing much more than just studying when you are at school. The school is also the place where you learn to get on well with people. But this is not always easy. What can you do if you just don’t like one of your classmates? If you discover that you have problems getting on with your classmates or friends, the most important thing to learn is tolerance. Tolerance is the ability to realize and respect the differences in others. We cannot change the way that other people do, so it is important to learn to live happily with them. Tolerance will make everyone get on better with each other. Getting to know someone may help you understand why he does things differently. Something different does not exactly mean that it is bad. Tolerance teaches us to keep a gentle and open mind. You need to remember an old saying, “Treat others how you want to be treated.” If you tolerate something, it does not mean that you have to like it. No one is asking you to change who you are or what you believe in. Tolerance just means that you should respect the differences in others and not try to make them change. It is important to practise tolerance, because it will make everyone’s life easier. Learn to accept people for their different abilities and interests. The world is very different, and practising tolerance in your own school can help make a difference. 1．What is tolerance according to the passage? A．Changing the way that other people do. B．Realizing and respecting differences in others. C．Expecting everybody to be the same. 2．If a classmate does things differently, what can help you understand him/ her? A．Getting to know him/her. B．Asking the teacher for help. C．Trying to make him/her change. 3．What can we learn from the last paragraph? A．Where people can practice tolerance. B．Why people should practice tolerance. C．When people should practice tolerance. 4．In which part can we read this passage in the newspaper? A．Sports. B．Culture. C．School life. 5．What’s the message of this passage? A．What’s important to a student. B．What students should do at school. C．How to treat people different from us. 2. 任务型阅读 请阅读下面这篇文章，根据所提供的信息，回答问题。 As middle school students, we often face a lot of problems, especially in our relationships with classmates and friends. These problems can make us feel unhappy. Understanding the problems Many students feel nervous when they have to speak in front of the class. They worry about what others might think of them. Some students also have trouble making friends. They feel shy and don’t know how to start a conversation. Another common problem is disagreement (分歧) with friends. Friends may have different opinions or interests, and they can cause arguments between friends. Sometimes, a small disagreement can turn into a big fight, and students may not know how to solve it. Finding help to solve problems Who will you talk to when you meet problems? When we face these problems, it’s important to find someone to talk to. Talking to a friend, a family member or a teacher can be very helpful. They can listen to our feelings and give us useful advice. For example, if you feel nervous about speaking in class, your teacher might tell you to practice in front of a mirror or join a speaking club. My best friend and I had a big fight over a misunderstanding. I felt so sad. I talked to my teacher. With her help, we made up and became close again. ——Jack In a word, it’s normal to have these problems. But we don’t have to deal with these problems alone. By talking to others and getting help, we can find ways to solve our problems and feel happier. 1．Why do many students feel nervous when speaking in front of the class? 2．What can cause arguments between friends? 3．What per cent of the students will talk to their friends according to the chart? 4．Who did Jack talk to when he fought with his best friend? 5．What do you think of talking to others when you have problems with your classmates or friends? Why do you think so? 3. 完形填空 “Hello, everyone,” said Miss Lisa, our writing club teacher. “Today we will share our stories with a critique (评判) partner.” My critique partner was Penny. We sat at the same table. “Here’s mine,” I said and handed it to her. I was 1 . I had no problem with great story ideas. But I did have problems with spelling and grammar. Penny didn’t look at me as she put her story across the table toward me. Why was she worried too? She always got 2 scores in the spelling and grammar tests. I read her story without 3 . It was wonderful. It was about a dog named Sunny. “Wow, great story,” I told her. “I don’t have any 4 . It’s fantastic.” “Yours too,” she said. She didn’t even look at me as she passed mine back. When the activity ended, Penny jumped up and everything in her schoolbag fell out. “Oh no” she cried. She 1 things up and hurried out of the library. I noticed a book under the table. It must be Penny’s. The title was Sunny the Brave. I read through it quickly. It was just like Penny’s story. I couldn’t 2 it. I kept thinking about Penny and her story as I walked home. I decided to ask Mom what I should do. I found her in the kitchen making dinner with Dad. Dad cut vegetables into perfect shapes. Mom cooked something on the stove (炉子). Mom and Dad had different 1 and they worked as a team. With Dad’s 2 to details and Mom’s sense of adventure, their dinners turned out delicious. That gave me an idea to help Penny. The next morning, I found Penny in the dining hall and gave her the book. “I am poor at writing,” she said. “I 1 have a single idea for a story.” “Well, I have ideas, but I wish I could write as perfectly as you do,” I said. “I would rather have ideas than write perfect sentences,” Penny said. “I did have one new idea,” I said. “Shall we work on a story together?” “Can we do that?” she asked. She looked 1 . “Let’s talk to Miss Lisa,” I said. “She loves it when writers are creative.” 1．A．tired B．excited C．worried D．surprised 2．A．poor B．perfect C．similar D．different 3．A．thinking B．stopping C．practising D．checking 4．A．notes B．changes C．problems D．suggestions 5．A．picked B．fixed C．put D．saved 6．A．follow B．believe C．manage D．respect 7．A．skills B．habits C．methods D．hobbies 8．A．tradition B．collection C．attention D．education 9．A．never B．often C．usually D．always 10．A．calm B．bored C．careful D．hopeful 第 1 页 共 20 页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit 2 Getting along 核心知识点精讲精练 1 (Understanding ideas) 【主要内容】 · 【单元核心知识点精讲精练】每个单元按照教材安排分为Understanding ideas；Grammar和Developing ideas三个部分。 · Understanding ideas包括本部分重点短语、重点词汇、重难句型等核心知识点。 · 本资料包含数量丰富与多类型的随学随练，基础知识综合练习(填写单词，用适当形式填空，单项填空等)与技能提升综合练习(阅读理解、完形填空或语篇填空等)。 1、 重点短语集锦 1. get along 相处 2. here and there 到处，各处；零散地 3. come back 回来；返回 4. in a very strange voice 用十分奇怪的声音 5. run away 逃跑；逃离 6. at last 最后；终于 7. so...that... 如此…… 以至于…… 8. cover...with... 用…… 覆盖…… 9. fly about 四处飞舞；到处乱飞 10. sing with joy 开心地歌唱；欢歌 11. knock down 撞倒；击倒 12. lead to 导致；通向 13. either...or... 要么…… 要么……；或者…… 或者…… 14. priceless gift 无价的礼物 15. hope to do 希望做某事 16. receive birthday gifts 收到生日礼物 17. plan to do 计划做某事 18. give away 赠送；捐赠；泄露 19. set up 建立；搭建；设立 20. social media pages 社交媒体主页 2、 重点词汇解析 1. selfish/ˈselfɪʃ/ adj. 自私的，利己的 [词汇拓展] selfishly(adv.)自私地；self(n.)自己；selfless/unselfish(adj.)无私的 [词汇搭配] selfish people自私的人 [词汇例句] What a selfish thing to do!这样做，多么自私！ [随学随练] 单项填空 We should not be ________; we need to learn to share books with classmates. A．gentle B．selfish C．weak D．naughty 【答案】B 【详解】句意：我们不应该自私；我们需要学会和同学分享书籍。 gentle温柔的；selfish自私的；weak虚弱的；naughty淘气的。根据后半句“we need to learn to share books with classmates”可知，我们需要学会分享，推测出我们不应该自私。 2. shout /ʃaʊt/v. 大声说，喊叫，呼喊 [词汇搭配] shout for help 大声呼救；shout to对着...大声说话；shout at冲着...大嚷大叫 [词汇例句] He shouted that he couldn't swim他大叫他不会游泳。 [随学随练] 单项填空 It was so noisy that I had to shout ________ you. A．to B．for C．at 【答案】A 【详解】句意:太吵了，我不得不朝你喊. 考查介词辨析。to朝，到;for为;at在几点。shout for大声叫唤，为了得到某物而大声喊叫;shout to为了让某人听到而大声喊叫;shout at sb.朝某人大声喊叫(通常表示生气，愤怒)。根据"t was so noisy”可知，因太吵了，所以要大声喊他，需shout to。故选A。 3. build /bɪld/v. 建造，盖；造；n. 体形，体格 [词汇拓展] <过去式> built；<过去分词>built；building(n.)建造；建筑物 [词汇搭配] build a high wall 建了一座高墙；build school spirit 培养学校精神；塑造校风 build up 加大；加强；增多；build a good habit建立一个好习惯 build sb. up 增强体质；be of medium build中等身材 [词汇例句] Robins build nests almost anywhere. 知更鸟几乎随处筑巢。 We want to build a better life.我们想创造更美好的生活。 [随学随练] 单项填空 (1) —Who’s your class teacher in this photo? —The man in the middle. He is tall and of medium ________. A．body B．build C．shape D．tall 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——这张照片里哪位是你的班主任？ ——中间的那位男士。他个子高，中等身材。 body身体；build体格，身材；shape形状；tall高的。of medium build是固定短语，意思是“中等身材”；tall是形容词，此处需要名词，语义也不通，因此排除。 (2) —Everyone should ________ the good habit of saving food. —I agree, so I always eat up the food I order. A．hold B．build C．raise D．prepare 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——每个人都应该养成节约食物的好习惯。——我同意，所以我总是吃光我点的食物。 hold持有；build建立，养成；raise提高；prepare准备。根据“the good habit of saving food”可知，此处表示“养成节约食物的好习惯”，build符合语境。 4. since /sɪns/prep. , adv. & conj.自从...... 以来，自从...... 之后；conj. 既然；由于 [词汇用法] · since表示“自...以后，从...以来”，可用作介词，副词或连词。 We've stayed here since last Tuesday.自上周二以来我们一直待在这里。(用作介词) I have visited the museum ten times since I moved to the city.自从搬到这座城市以来，我已经参观过这家博物馆十次了。(用作连词) He left home two weeks ago and we haven't heard from him since. 他两周前离家外出，我们至今还没有他的音信。(用作副词) · since还可以用作连词，表示“既然，由于”。because,as,for等也表示原因，主要区别如下： (1) because是语气最强的，用于清楚地说明原因，回答why问句只用because。 The river is also important because it runs through the Amazon rain forest.这条河之所以重要，还因为它流经亚马逊雨林。 (2) since常表示已知原因，重在说明“既然事实如此”。 We thought that, since we were in the area, we'd stop by and see them.我们想，既然到了这个地方，就该顺便去看看他们。 (3) as也表示大家都清楚的原因，语气比since更弱。 She may need some help as she's new.她是新来的，可能需要一些帮助。 (4) for表示补充说明理由，常表示“倒果为因”，即以结果为依据推测原因。 It must have rained last night for the ground is wet.昨晚一定下过雨了，因为地面是湿的。 [随学随练] 翻译句子 (1) 自从生病住院后，他下定决心戒烟。 Since he was ill in hospital, he has made up his mind to give up smoking. (2) 自去年以来，许多国际学生来参观我们学校。 Many international students have visited our school since last year. (3) 既然你已经知道了答案，为什么不告诉我们呢？ Since you already know the answer, why not tell us? 5. nor /nɔː/conj. 也不 [词汇用法] · 常与neither搭配使用，表示“也不”。 Neither Jenny or Tom will go to the party. Jenny和Tom都不去派对。 · 用于肯定动词前，表示同意刚提及的否定命题，表示“也不”。 She doesn't like them and nor does Jeff.她不喜欢他们，杰夫也不喜欢。 [随学随练] 单项填空 —Why do people in Bern choose to swim to work? —Because there are ________ traffic jams ________ noise on their way. It’s so clean and beautiful. A．either; or B．neither; nor C．not only; but also D．both; and 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——为什么伯尔尼的人们选择游泳去上班？——因为一路上既没有交通拥堵，也没有噪音。它是如此干净美丽。 either; or或者……或者……（表示两者中选择其一）；neither; nor既不……也不……（表示双重否定）；not only; but also不仅……而且……（表示并列递进）；both; and既……又……（表示并列肯定）。根据下文的“It’s so clean and beautiful”可知，游泳上班让人感到非常干净且美好，说明一路上“既没有”交通拥堵，“也没有”噪音，此处应用表示双重否定的并列连词neither…nor…。应填neither; nor。 6. glad /ɡlæd/adj. 高兴的，开心的 [词汇拓展] gladly(adj.)高兴地；乐意地；gladness(n.)高兴，愉快 [词汇搭配] glad to do 高兴做某事；乐意做某事 [词汇例句] I'm glad to hear you're feeling better.听说你感觉好些了，我很高兴。 I'd be glad to lend you the money.我很乐意借给你钱。 [随学随练] 单项填空 Lisa was ________ to know that she would have a chance to visit London. She couldn’t wait to go there. A．angry B．bored C．glad D．quiet 【答案】C 【详解】句意：莉萨很高兴得知自己有机会去伦敦游玩。她迫不及待地想去那里。 考查形容词辨析。angry生气的；bored无聊的；glad高兴的；quiet安静的。根据“She couldn’t wait to go there.”可知，Lisa的心情是高兴和激动的。故选C。 7. knock /nɒk/v. 敲门 (窗)；碰，撞；把…撞击成（某种状态） [词汇搭配] knock down 摧毁，拆毁；knock at/on敲(门，窗等) knock off停止某事；中断某事；（尤指）下班，收工 [词汇例句] Her hand knocked against the glass.她的手碰了玻璃杯。 [随学随练] 单项填空 (1) I heard someone ________ on the window last night, but when I looked outside, no one was there. A．shout B．ring C．call D．knock 【答案】D 【详解】句意：昨晚我听到有人在敲窗户，但当我向外看时，外面没有人。 考查动词辨析。shout喊叫；ring按铃，打电话；call呼叫，打电话；knock敲击。根据“on the window”可知，此处表示“敲窗户”，且“knock on”为固定搭配。故选D。 (2) Jacky is so careless. He ________ my books and pens ________ the floor when he walked past my desk just now. A．turned; over B．knocked; onto C．knocked; over D．turned; onto 【答案】B 【详解】句意：杰基太粗心了。他刚才走过我的课桌时，把我的书和笔撞到了地上。 考查动词短语。turned…over…翻转；knocked…onto…把……撞到……上；knocked…over…撞翻；turned…onto…转到。根据“Jacky is so careless.”以及“my books and pens…the floor”可知，杰基很粗心，把书和笔撞到了地上，应用knock…onto…“把某物撞到……上”。故选B。 8. afraid /əˈfreɪd/adj. 害怕的，恐惧的 [词汇搭配] be afraid of ...害怕；be afraid to do害怕做某事 I'm afraid（礼貌地说出令人不快、失望或感到遗憾的事）我怕，恐怕 [词汇例句] I’m afraid I can’t go there with you. 恐怕我不能和你一起去那里。 My brother is afraid of snakes. 我哥哥怕蛇。 [随学随练] 单项填空 (1) —I think this new app is really useful. —________. It helps a lot in our daily life. A．I don’t think so B．I’m afraid not C．I can’t agree more D．I’m not sure 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——我认为这个新应用非常实用。——我非常同意。它在我们的日常生活中帮助很大。 考查交际用语。I don’t think so我不这么认为；I’m afraid not恐怕不是；I can’t agree more我非常同意；I’m not sure我不确定。根据回答中“It helps a lot in our daily life”可知，说话者持赞同态度。故选C。 (2) Some students were afraid ________ in class because they thought their classmates might laugh at them. A．of speak B．to speak C．speak 【答案】B 【详解】句意：有些学生害怕在课堂上发言，因为他们认为同学们可能会嘲笑他们。 考查形容词短语。afraid“害怕的”，是形容词；be afraid to do sth.“害怕做某事”。故选B。 9. fear /fɪə(r)/ n. & v. 害怕；恐惧；担心 [词汇拓展] fearful (adj.) 可怕的；害怕的；fearless (adj.) 无畏的 [词汇搭配] fear to do sth. 害怕做某事；fear for sb/sth为…担心（或担忧） for fear of 唯恐；以免 [词汇例句] When seeing a snake, the child was shaking with fear .看到蛇的时候，小孩吓得发抖。 [随学随练] 单项填空 (1) He feared ________ his parents because he didn't pass the English exam. A．to face B．face C．have faced D．faced 【答案】A 【详解】句意：他害怕面对父母，因为他没有通过英语考试。 考查非谓语动词。fear to do sth意为“害怕做某事”，可知此处填动词不定式。故选A。 (2) When I arrived there, I found the girl looking at the snake _____  . A．in danger B．in trouble C．in need D．in fear 【答案】D 【详解】句意：当我到那的时候，我发现这个女孩正恐惧地看着蛇。 考查介词短语辨析。in danger处于危险之中；in trouble处于困境；in need困难中的；in fear恐惧，根据所给空前面的I found the girl looking at the snake可知，in fear最符合语境，故选D。 10. double /ˈdʌbl/adj. 双倍的，两倍的；n. 两倍；两倍数；两倍量；v.（使）加倍；是…的两倍 [词汇拓展] doubles(n.)(体育运动)双打；single (n.)单打；(adj.)单个的 [词汇搭配] double doors双扇门；a double room双人间；play doubles(网球或羽毛球等的)双打 the Double Ninth Festival重阳节 [词汇例句] You and I can share a double room. 你和我可以共用一间双人间。 [随学随练] 单项填空 With the development of AI, the number of smart factories in China may ________ in five years. A．double B．cut C．check D．count 【答案】A 【详解】句意：随着人工智能的发展，五年内中国智能工厂的数量可能会翻一番。 double加倍/翻一番；cut削减；check检查；count计数。根据“With the development of AI”（随着人工智能的发展）和“the number of smart factories”（智能工厂的数量）可知，发展会促进数量增长，double符合语境。 11. similar /'sɪmələ(r)/ adj.相似的；近似的；类似的 [词汇拓展] similarly (adv.) 类似的；similarity (n.)相似，相似性 [词汇搭配] similar to 类似的；相像的 [词汇例句] We have very similar interests.我们兴趣相仿。 The two houses are similar in size.两座房子大小差不多。 [随学随练] 单项填空 —Gina’s new bag is ________ to yours. —Yes. They are the same size and the same colour. A．important B．special C．similar D．different 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——吉娜的新包和你的相似。——是的。它们尺寸相同，颜色也相同。 important重要的；special特别的；similar相似的；different不同的。根据答语“They are the same size and the same colour.”可知，两个包很像，be similar to意为“与……相似”，符合语境。 12. message /ˈmesɪdʒ/n.(电影、书籍、讲话等的) 要旨，主题思想，寓意；消息，信息； [词汇搭配] a story with a similar message有类似主题的故事 get the message领悟，理解，明白（别人的暗示） take a message 捎口信；leave a message 留个口信 [词汇例句] The campaign is trying to get the message across to young people that drugs are dangerous.这次运动旨在让年轻人懂得毒品的危害。 [随学随练] 单项填空 I think the Internet is really useful. We can get lots of___ __from it. A．thing B．message C．idea D．information 【答案】D 【详解】解析:句意:我认为互联网真的很有用，我们可以从它获得许多的信息。 考查名词辨析。A.thing事情;B.message消息;C.idea想法;D.information信息。根据句意，结合选项，可知D选项符合题意，故答案选D。 13. action /ˈækʃn/ n. 情节；行动；行为 [词汇拓展] act(v.)行动；active(adj.)积极的；actively(adv.)积极地 [词汇搭配] rising action上升情节；take action to do 采取行动做某事 Actions speak louder than word. (saying)行动比言语更为响亮 in action在活动中；在运转；out of action不能工作；失去作用；停止运转 [随学随练] 单项填空。 (1) ________ and work hard for it, and you will get whatever you want. A．Take off B．Take action C．Take up D．Take place 【答案】B 【详解】句意：采取行动并为之努力，你就会得到你想要的任何东西。 考查动词短语。Take off起飞，脱掉；Take action采取行动；Take up占据，开始从事；Take place发生。根据“and work hard for it, and you will get whatever you want.”可知，此处是在鼓励人们采取行动并为之努力，所以应该用Take action。故选B。 (2) Many teenagers are having poor eyesight now, so parents should take action ________ the problem from getting worse. A．to stop B．stopping C．stopped D．stop 【答案】A 【详解】 句意：现在许多青少年视力不好，所以父母应该采取行动阻止问题变得更糟。    考查非谓语动词。根据“so parents should take action…the problem from getting worse.”可知，“采取行动”的目的是“阻止问题变糟”，因此此处需用不定式作目的状语。故选A。 14. return /rɪˈtɜːn/ n. & v. 返回，回来；归还；恢复，重现 [词汇搭配] in return 作为回报；return to China 回到中国；return sth. to sb.把某物归还某人 [词汇例句] We will return to our hometown next month. 我们下周将要回到家乡。 We’re waiting for the return of spring. 我们正在等待春天的归来。 [随学随练] 单项填空 (1) My cousin borrows my things without ________ them. A．returning B．competing C．arguing D．comparing 【答案】A 【详解】句意：我堂哥借了我的东西却没有归还它们。 考查动词辨析。returning归还；competing竞争；arguing争论；comparing比较。根据动词borrow“借”可知，此处应用动词return表示借东西不还的语境。故选A。 (2) Mr. Zhang waited a long time for his son to return. A．come back B．prepare C．go to bed D．wake up 【答案】A 【详解】句意：张先生等了很长时间，等待儿子回来。 考查动词短语辨析。return回来；come back回来；prepare准备；go to bed上床睡觉；wake up醒来。根据“waited a long time for his son to return”可知，划线部分意为“回来”，与“come back”同义。故选A。 15. lively /ˈlaɪvli/adj. 充满活力的，生气勃勃的 [词汇搭配] a lively and healthy ecosystem 一个充满活力和健康的生态系统 [词汇辨析] lively / alive / living / live · lively意为“生动的”，“活泼的”，“充满生气的”，用作表语或定语，可以用来修饰人或物。 She had a sweet, lively personality. 她的性格可爱活泼。 · alive是表语形容词，作“活着的”，“在世的”解，它既可以修饰人也可以修饰物。作定语时要后置。 The cheetah is alive. 猎豹是活的。 Is the snake alive or dead ? 这条蛇是活的还是死的？ · living意为“活着的”，主要用作定语，常置于名词之前，有时也可置于名词之后，也可用作表语。 He is one among the living men. 他是那些活着的人之一。 The injured man is living. 那位受伤的男人还活着。 · live读作/laɪv/，意为“活着的”，可以作定语，放在所修饰的名词之前，一般不用来修饰人。 He saw a live snake. 他看见了一条活的蛇。 [随学随练] 单项填空。 “In this __________ season of early summer when every _______ thing is full of energy, I wish to welcome all of you!” said Chinese President Xi Jinping at the opening ceremony of BRF. A．alive; living B．lively; alive C．lovely; living D．live; loving 【答案】C 【详解】句意：在这个初夏可爱的季节里，每一种生物都充满活力，我衷心欢迎你们所有人！考查形容词辨析题。alive 意为"活着的、有活力的",是表语形容词，可修饰人、物；living 意为"活着的、有生命的"，主要用于作前置定语及冠词the 之后表示一类人，也可用作表语，可修饰人或物；lively 意为"活泼的"，"有生气的"，可用作表语、定语，指人或物；lovely意思是"可爱的"，"美好的"；live指的是（动、植物）"活的"，"有生命的"，"活生生的，主要用来说鸟或其它动物，作前置定语。前空后面名词season季节，和alive、living、lively与live均不搭配，需用lovely修饰，every强调全部，根据full of energy充满活力，可知本句主语是“每一个有生命的事物”即生物living thing，故选C。 16. theirs /ðeəz/pron. 他们的，她们的 [词汇拓展] they(主格代词)他们，她们；them(宾格代词)他们，她们 their(形容性物主代词)他们的，她们的 [词汇用法] · they是主格代词，在句子中充当主语。 They are from France他们来自法国。 · them是宾格代词，在句子中充当宾语。 I will ask them about the exact time.我会询问他们确切的时间。 · their是形容词性物主代词，相当于形容词，放在名词前作定语。 These are their balls. 这些是他们的球。 · theirs是名词性物主代词，相当于名词，后面不再跟名词。为避免重复，经常使用名词性物主代词来代替“形容词物主代词+名词”。 The balls are theirs. 球是他们的。 [随学随练] 单项填空 —Lily, do people in England celebrate the Mid-Autumn Festival? —No, they don’t. It is ________ festival, not ________. A．ours; their B．ours; theirs C．theirs; our D．our; theirs 【答案】D 【详解】句意:--Lily，英国人庆祝中秋节吗?--不，他们不庆祝。它是我们的节日，不是他们的节日。 考查代词辨析。ours我们的，名词性物主代词;our我们的，形容词性物主代词;their他们的，形容词性物主代词;theirs他们的，名词性物主代词。根据“festival”可知，空一用形容词性物主代词;第二个空后没有名词，所以空二用名词性物主代词。故选D。 17. grade /ɡreɪd/n. 年级；等级 [词汇搭配] Grade 3 3年级；get good grades获得好的等级,获得好的成绩 [词汇例句] Sam is in the second grade. 萨姆读二年级。 70% of pupils got Grade C. 百分之七十的学生获得了C等。 [随学随练] 单项填空 —What class are you in? —I am in ________. A．Class one Grade seven B．class one grade seven C．Grade Seven Class One D．Class One Grade Seven 【答案】D 【详解】句意：——你在哪个班？——我在七年级一班。 英语中表达班级和年级时，遵循“先小后大”原则，即班级在前，年级在后。Class、Grade以及后面的基数词首字母均需大写，D项格式正确。 18. priceless /ˈpraɪsləs/adj. 极其贵重的；无价的 [词汇拓展] price(n.)价格；valuable(adj.)宝贵的；valueless(adj.)没有价值的 invaluable(adj.)非常宝贵的;极为有用的 [词汇搭配] priceless gifts极其贵重的礼物；priceless information极有价值的信息 [词汇例句] That cup is priceless. You can't put a value on it.那个杯子价值连城，无法定价。 [随学随练] 单项填空 Health is ________. Nothing is more important than good health. A．terrible B．priceless C．famous D．nervous 【答案】B 【详解】句意：健康是无价的。没有什么比健康更重要了。 terrible糟糕的；priceless无价的；famous著名的；nervous紧张的。根据“Nothing is more important than good health.”可知，健康非常重要，是无价的。应填priceless。 19. past /pɑːst/ adj.以前的，过去的，曾经的；(prep.) 在…之后；多于，超过；n.过去；过去的事情 [词汇搭配] the past four years过去的四年；the past month上个月；in the past在过去 half past two两点半 [词汇例句] We don't know anything about his past.我们对他的过去一无所知。 In the past , there is only a small school in the town.在过去，镇子上只有一所小的学校。 20. offer /ˈɒfə/v. 提供，给予；n. 主动提议；出价；减价，削价 [词汇搭配] offer sb sth = offer sth to sb 给某人提供某物；offer to do sth 主动提出做某事 accept/refuse an offer 接受/拒绝主动提议；on offer提供的，可买到；短期内打折销售 offer a helping hand主动提供帮助 [词汇例句] She made me an offer that I couldn't refuse. 她提出了一个使我不好拒绝的报价。 [随学随练] 根据中文提示补全句子 (1) 他主动提出帮我拎包。 He offered to carry the bag for me. (2) 她要付款，我同意了。 I accepted her offer to pay. (3) 他给我们提供了一些实用的提示。 He offered us some useful tips / offered some useful tips to us. 21. plan /plæn/v. 计划；打算 n.计划；方案 [词汇拓展] <过去式>planned；<过去分词>planned [词汇搭配] plan for sth. 为...做计划；plan to do计划做某事；make a plan制定一个计划 [词汇例句] Do you have any plans for the summer? 这个夏天你有什么打算？ We're planning a trip to France in the spring─are you interested?我们打算春天去法国旅 游。你有意去吗？ [随学随练] 单项填空。 (1) I plan ________ the Mogao Caves (莫高窟) next Friday. A．visit B．visiting C．to visit D．visited 【答案】C 【详解】句意：我计划下周五参观莫高窟。 考查非谓语动词。根据“plan”可知其后应接不定式作宾语，plan to do sth表示“计划做某事”，所以应用to visit。故选C。 (2) —Shall we go out for a holiday? —Good idea！Let’s _______ to go out for the holiday. A．make a plan B．do plan C．making plan D．planning 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——我们出去度假好吗？——好主意，我们制定一个计划去度假吧。 考查动词短语。plan作为名词，意思是“计划”，是可数名词，所以B、C选项错误；plan作为动词，意思是“计划”，let’s do sth“我们……吧”，动词用原形，所以D选项错误；make a plan“制定一个计划”，故选A。 22. quite /kwaɪt/adv. 很；较为；相当 [词汇搭配] quite a 相当；非常；quite a lot 大量，许多 [词汇例句] It’s quite clear that Tom is right. 很明显汤姆是对的。 [词汇辨析] · quite是副词，表示“相当，完全”。 · quiet是形容词，表示“安静的”。二者词形很相像，注意不要弄混淆。 [随学随练] 单项填空。 The school library is ________ good because we can enjoy some ________ time in it. A．quiet; quite B．quite; quiet C．quite; quite D．quiet; quiet 【答案】B 【详解】句意：学校图书馆相当好，因为我们可以在里面享受一些安静的时光。 quiet安静的；quite相当，十分。第一个空修饰形容词good，表示程度，意为“相当、十分”，用副词quite；第二个空修饰名词time，表示“安静的时光”，用形容词quiet。 23. stressed /strest/adj. 焦虑的，紧张的，无法放松的 [词汇拓展] stress(n.)精神压力；紧张；(v.)(使)焦虑不安，疲惫不堪 stressful(adj.)压力重的；紧张的 [词汇搭配] quite stressed相当紧张的；feel stressed感到焦虑的 [词汇辨析] stress / stressed / stressful · stress用作名词，表示“紧张”，也可以作动词，表示“(使)焦虑不安”。 I try not to stress out when things go wrong.出问题时，我尽量不紧张。 Things can easily go wrong when people are under stress .人在压力之下，办事情就容易出差错。 · stressed表示“感到焦虑的，感到紧张的”。 Work out what situations or people make you feel stressed and avoid them.弄清是什么状况或什么人让你焦虑不安，然后避开他们。 · stressful表示“导致紧张的，让人焦虑的”。 It was a stressful time for all of us. 对我们所有人来说，那是一个艰难的时期。 [随学随练] 单项填空。 In the past, many students felt ________ because of too much homework and high expectations from parents. Now things are getting better. A．excited B．stressed C．relaxed D．interested 【答案】B 【详解】句意：过去，繁重的作业以及父母过高的期许让不少学生倍感压力。如今情况有所好转。 excited兴奋的；stressed有压力的；relaxed放松的；interested感兴趣的。根据“because of too much homework and high expectations from parents”可知，过多的作业和高期望通常会让学生感到有压力。应填stressed。 24. recently /ˈriːsntli/adv. 最近，近来，不久前 [词汇拓展] recent(adj.)近来的；新近的；lately(adv.)最近；不久前 [词汇例句] We received a letter from him recently. 我们不久以前收到了他的一封信。 [随学随练] 单项填空 I haven’t seen Mike ________. I miss him very much. A．recently B．truly C．carefully D．simply 【答案】A 【详解】句意：我最近没见到迈克。我非常想念他。 recently最近；truly真正地；carefully仔细地；simply简单地。根据“I miss him very much.”可知非常想念，推测是最近没见到，且“haven’t seen”是现在完成时，与recently匹配。 25. online /ˌɒnˈlaɪn/adv. 从网上，在网上；adj.在线的 [词汇拓展] offline (adj./adv.)线下的；未连线的 [词汇搭配] make friends online线上交友；online shopping线上购物；take an online class上网课 [词汇例句] Don’t forget to send me some photos online. 不要忘了在网上给我发些照片。 [随学随练] 单项填空 —For ________, you’d better use strong passwords (密码). —OK. Then I need to change my password. A．physical health B．personal space C．social life D．online safety 【答案】D 【详解】句意：——为了网络安全，你最好使用强密码。——好的。那我需要更改我的密码。 physical health身体健康；personal space个人空间；social life社交生活；online safety网络安全。结合语境，设置复杂密码是为了保障网络账户的安全，应填online safety，与其他选项无关。 26. allow /əˈlaʊ/v. 使有可能；允许，容许，准许 [词汇拓展] disallow(v.)不允许，不接受 [词汇搭配] allow doing sth. 允许做某事；allow sb. to do sth. 允许某人做某事；allow for考虑到 [词汇例句] Our teacher doesn’t allow us to use mobile phones in class. 我们老师不允许我们在课堂上使用 手机。 [随学随练] 用所给词适当形式填空 (1) Mr. Wang allows us ________ (take) a camera while we explore Mount Tai. 【答案】to take 【详解】句意:--王老师允许我们在游览泰山时带上相机。--太好了! 考查非谓语动词。allow sb.to dosth.“允许某人做某事”，因此需用to take。 (2) As we all know, the library doesn’t allow ________ (talk) loudly or running after each other. 【答案】talking 【详解】句意:众所周知，图书馆不允许大声交谈和互相追逐 考查非谓语动词。allow doing sth.“允许做某事”，固定搭配，要用动名词talking。故填talking。 3、 重难句型解析 1. (教材原句)Here and there, over the grass, stand beautiful flowers, like stars. 此句中here and there是地点状语，地点状语置于开头，句子中的谓语和主语使用倒装结构。 英语中为了强调句子的某个成分或者保持句子的平衡，有时会把状语和谓语全部放在主语前面，形成全部倒装结构。 如：On the top of the tower stands a bird. 一只鸟在塔顶。 [随学随练] 单项填空 On the banks of the river ________ a very beautiful town, Yangjiang Town. It attracts many tourists. A．sit B．sits C．to sit D．sitting 【答案】B 【详解】句意：在河岸上坐落着一个非常美丽的小镇，阳江镇。它吸引了许多游客。 sit 坐；sits 坐；to sit 去坐；sitting 坐。本句是地点状语前置的倒装句，真正的主语是后面的 "a very beautiful town"，为单数第三人称，谓语动词应用单数形式 sits。 2. (教材原句)"I cannot understand why spring has not come since last year," says the Giant. "I hope the weather changes soon." 句中的why spring has not come since last year和 the weather changes soon都是宾语从句。其中第二个宾语从句省略了连接词that。 如：I don’t know why he refused the invitation.我不知道他为什么拒绝了邀请。 why spring has not come since last year中时间状语为since last year，表示“自从去年”。句中有since...表示“自从...”时间状语时，句子谓语动词用现在完成时。 如：They have lived here since 2021. 自从2021年开始，他们就住在这里了。 [随学随练] 单项填空 (1) —I don’t understand ________ my parents didn’t allow me to continue my guitar lessons. —Maybe they thought playing the instrument got in the way of your study. A．how B．why C．where D．when 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——我不明白为什么我的父母不允许我继续上吉他课。——也许他们认为演奏乐器妨碍了你的学习。 how如何；why为什么；where在哪里；when什么时候。根据答语“Maybe they thought playing the instrument got in the way of your study.”可知，答语是在解释父母这样做的原因，因此问句询问的是原因，应用why引导宾语从句。 (2) The teacher told us __________ the Earth moves around the sun. A．that B．if C．whether D．what 【答案】A 【详解】句意：老师告诉我们地球绕着太阳转。 that无实际意义；if是否；whether是否；what什么。分析句子可知，空处引导宾语从句，从句“the Earth moves around the sun”结构完整且陈述客观事实，不需要疑问含义，故用that引导。 3. (教材原句)But spring never comes, nor summer. nor用于否定陈述后添加另一个否定陈述，意为“也不”。nor summer是省略句，完整的结构应该是nor does summer come。 如：He didn’t go the party, nor did I. 他没去派对，我也没去。 [随学随练] 单项填空 I can’t swim, ________ can my brother. A．nor B．so C．but 【答案】A 【详解】句意：我不会游泳，我的弟弟也不会。 nor也不；so因此，所以；but但是。根据前句“I can’t swim”表示否定意义，且后句表示与前句相同的情况（也不会），应使用“neither/nor + 助动词 + 主语”结构表示“也不”，故填nor。 4. (教材原句)And the trees are so glad that they have covered themselves with flowers. so...that...意为“如此......以至于.....。that后连接结果状语从句。 如：He was so selfish that nobody wanted to make friends with him.他太小气以至于没有人想要和他做朋友。 [随学随练] 单项填空 The music was ________ loud ________ I had to cover my ears. A．such；that B．so；that C．too；to D．enough；to 【答案】B 【详解】句意：音乐如此大声以至于我不得不捂住耳朵。 so...that...结构中so后接形容词或副词；such...that...结构中such后接名词短语；too...to...和enough...to...后接动词原形。根据loud是形容词，且后面跟的句子“I had to cover my ears”可知应用so...that...结构。 5. (教材原句)How selfish I’ve been. 这是一个“How+adj./adv.+主谓”结构的感叹句。此句也可以转换成What a selfish person I’ve been。 如：How beautifully he sings!他唱得真动听！ What a kind man Mr. Green is! 格林先生真善良！ [随学随练] 单项填空 (1) —________ wonderful experience our family had in the Mogao Grottoes! —I’m glad you had a good time. A．What B．How C．How a D．What a 【答案】D 【详解】句意：——我们家在莫高窟拥有一次多么棒的经历啊！——我很高兴你们玩得开心。 What后接不可数名词或复数名词；How后接形容词/副词；How a为错误结构；What a后接可数名词单数。此处experience表示“一次经历”，是可数名词单数，wonderful 辅音音素开头，用What a引导感叹句，因此应选What a。 (2) —________ excited I am! I have never visited the space museum before. —So am I. A．What B．What an C．How an D．How 【答案】D 【详解】句意：——我是多么兴奋啊！我以前从未参观过太空博物馆。——我也是。 What什么；How怎样。本句为感叹句，excited为形容词，结构为“How + 形容词 + 主语 + 谓语！”，故应填How。 6. (教材原句)"Fear not, little ones," the Giant says. "It's your garden now. 句中fear not是比较老的表达方式，相当于现在的“Don't be afraid."或“Do not fear.”，构成祈使句。此外be，worry，doubt等词也能直接与not连用构成这种表达。 如：Doubt not, my kid. Do it bravely. 不要怀疑，我的孩子。勇敢去做。 4、 综合练习 1. 根据提示填写正确形式的单词，每空一词。 (1) Scrooge in A Christmas Carol is very ________ (自私的) and only cares about money. 【答案】selfish 【详解】句意‌：在《圣诞颂歌》中，斯克鲁奇非常自私，只关心钱。根据括号内中文提示“自私的”以及句子结构，此处需要一个形容词作表语。“selfish”是形容词，意为“自私的”，符合句子语境和语法要求，所以答案为“selfish”。 (2) You can ________ (喊叫) for help when you are in danger. 【答案】shout 【详解】句意：身处危险时你可以大喊求助。情态动词can后接动词原形，shout for help为固定搭配，表示大喊求救。 (3) Our grandparents b________ (建造) a small house by the lake when they were young. 【答案】built/uilt 【详解】句意：我们的祖父母年轻时在湖边建造了一座小房子。build“建造”，动词；根据时间状语“when they were young”可知，句子时态为一般过去时，谓语动词用过去式built。 (4) The rabbit jumped down a big _________ (洞) in the ground. 【答案】hole 【详解】句意：兔子跳进地上的一个大洞。根据中文提示“洞”，hole是可数名词，a后用单数。 (5) Our teachers were very g________ (高兴的) when we thanked them at the party. 【答案】glad/lad 【详解】句意：当我们在派对上向老师们表达感谢时，他们都非常高兴。句中were为be动词，后需接形容词作表语；结合首字母g和中文意思“高兴的”，应是glad。 (6) 他们拆除了旧建筑建了公园。 They _________ _________ the old building and built a park. 【答案】 knocked/pulled down 【详解】根据中英对照，横线处表示“拆除”，knock down和pull down都可以表示 “拆除”，根据“built”可知，时态是一般过去时，动词用过去式。故填knocked/pulled；down。 (7) He was ________ (害怕的) to tell his parents about the mistake. 【答案】afraid 【详解】句意：他不敢告诉父母这个错误。中文提示“害怕的”，需要填形容词作表语。“害怕的”对应英语单词为afraid，构成“afraid to do sth.”这个固定搭配， 意为“害怕做某事”。故填afraid。 (8) She has a great ________ (害怕；惧怕) of dogs, so she always keeps away from them. 【答案】fear 【详解】句意：她非常害怕狗，所以总是远离它们。空处作has的宾语，用名词形式，fear“害怕”，是名词。 (9) This year, our school library bought d________ (双倍的) the number of books compared to last year. 【答案】double/ouble 【详解】句意：今年，我们学校图书馆购买的图书数量是去年的两倍。“双倍的”对应的英文表达是“double”，用来限定后面的名词短语“the number of books”。 (10) My new schoolbag is ________ to Amy’s. (类似的；相像的) 【答案】similar 【详解】句意：我的新书包和艾米的相像。根据汉语提示可知，“类似的；相像的”similar，be similar to是固定搭配，意为“与……相像”。故填similar。 (11) The ________ (要旨) of the story is that kindness always pays off in the end. 【答案】message 【详解】句意：这个故事的要旨是善良最终总会得到回报。根据汉语提示可知，message“要旨”，名词，在句中作主语，谓语为is，此处用单数形式。故填message。 (12) Each small ________ (行动) can improve our living Earth. 【答案】action 【详解】句意：每一个微小的行动都能改善我们赖以生存的地球。action“行动”，each后接可数名词单数，因此填单数形式action。 (13) After graduation, she ________ (返回) to her hometown and taught at a primary school. 【答案】returned 【详解】句意：毕业后，她回到家乡，在一所小学任教。根据“and taught”可知，时态为一般过去时，此处用动词return“返回”的过去式returned。 (14) Someone who is ________ (充满活力的) has a lot of energy and is very active. 【答案】lively 【详解】句意：一个充满活力的人精力充沛，也很活跃。“充满活力的”lively，形容词作表语。故填lively。 (15) —Are there three ________ (年级) in your school? —No, we have six. 【答案】grades 【详解】句意：——你们学校有三个年级吗？——不，我们有六个。根据汉语提示可知，“年级”英文表达是“grade”，可数名词；由前面的“three”可知，此处应用其复数形式grades。 (16) The ________ (无价的) artwork was stolen from the museum last night. 【答案】priceless 【详解】句意：那件无价的艺术品昨晚从博物馆被盗走了。根据中文提示“无价的”，英文常用priceless，意为“极其珍贵的、无价的”。 (17) Mrs Smart, thank you for taking good care of us in the ________ (过去的) years. 【答案】past 【详解】句意：Mrs Smart，谢谢您在过去的几年里对我们的悉心照顾。根据所给汉语提示可知，此处应填入形容词past，意为“过去的”；该词在句中作定语，修饰其后的名词years，符合语境。故填past。 (18) Simon is helpful, and he enjoys ________ me help. (主动提供) 【答案】offering 【详解】句意：西蒙很乐于助人，他喜欢主动给我提供帮助。空格处在动词enjoys后，需用动名词形式作宾语。“主动提供”译为offer，构成offer sb. help，意为“为某人提供帮助”，故填动名词offering。 (19) The garden around my home looks ________ (相当) beautiful in the warm spring sun. 【答案】quite 【详解】句意：在温暖的春日阳光下，我家周围的花园看起来相当漂亮。括号内中文提示为“相当”，此处需要副词修饰形容词beautiful，quite是副词，意为“相当；很”，可修饰形容词，在句中作状语，符合语法结构与语境要求。 (20) Many students feel ________ (焦虑的) before the big exam. 【答案】stressed/worried 【详解】句意：许多学生在大考前感到焦虑。根据汉语提示“焦虑的”，stressed表示“有压力的、焦虑的”和worried“担心的、焦虑的”，均符合语境，且均为形容词，可作系动词feel的表语。故填stressed/worried。 (21) I have been very busy with my studies ________ (最近), so I am too tired to take part in after-school activities or do what I really like. 【答案】recently 【详解】句意：我最近一直忙于学业，所以我太累了，没法参加课外活动或者做我真正喜欢的事。根据中文提示“最近”可知，此处应用副词recently，在句中作时间状语，用于现在完成时。 (22) To sell the fruit more easily, the farmers put their fruit ________ (在网上) last month. 【答案】online 【详解】句意：为了更方便地售卖水果，上个月农民们把他们的水果放到网上销售。分析句子结构可知，此处应用副词作状语，“在网上”对应的副词是online，修饰动词“put”。 2. 用所给词的正确形式填空或者填上合适的介词。 (1) Laura felt sorry for shouting ________ her mom angrily last night. 【答案】at 【详解】句意：Laura很后悔昨晚生气地冲她妈妈大喊大叫。shout at sb.是固定搭配，意为“冲某人大喊大叫”，常带有生气、不礼貌的意味，此处用at符合语境。 (2) The hospital has a lot of tall ________ (build). 【答案】buildings 【详解】句意：这家医院有许多高楼。“a lot of”后需接可数名词复数形式，“build”的名词形式“building”意为“建筑物”，其复数形式为“buildings”。 (3) We ________ (not meet) each other since last summer. 【答案】haven’t met 【详解】句意：自从去年夏天之后我们就没见过面。“since+过去时间”是现在完成时的标志，结构为have/has+动词过去分词，主语We为复数人称代词，用have，meet的过去分词是met，否定形式为haven’t met。 (4) Please knock ________ the door before you enter the office. 【答案】at 【详解】句意：在进入办公室之前，请先敲门。根据“knock”和“the door”可知，此处考查固定搭配“knock at the door”，意为“敲门”。故填at。 (5) Lucy is quite shy. She is afraid of ___________ (speak) in front of the class. 【答案】speaking 【详解】句意：露西十分害羞，她害怕在全班面前发言。固定搭配be afraid of doing sth.表示“害怕做某事”，介词of后接动名词，speak的动名词形式为speaking。 (6) Don’t be afraid ________ (make) mistakes. 【答案】to make 【详解】句意：不要害怕犯错。固定搭配：be afraid to do sth.“害怕/不敢做某事”，afraid是形容词，后面接不定式to do，用to make。 (7) Learning English is similar ________ learning maths in some ways, but it is different ________ learning maths in other ways. 【答案】 to from 【详解】句意：在某些方面，学习英语和学习数学相似，但在其他方面，它们又不同。“be similar to”意为“与……相似”，“be different from”意为“与……不同”，故①处填to，②处填from。 (8) The government is taking ________ (act) to reduce plastic waste and protect the environment. 【答案】action 【详解】句意：政府正在采取行动减少塑料垃圾并保护环境。句中“taking”后应接名词，括号内所给词为“act”，固定搭配“take action”意为“采取行动”，符合语境，“action”是“act”的名词形式，故填action。 (9) We will return ________ our school after the holiday. 【答案】to 【详解】句意：假期后我们将返回学校。当return表示“返回”时，它是不及物动词。后接地点名词时，需要加介词to。 (10) Our classroom is on the second floor, and ______ (their) is on the third floor. 【答案】theirs 【详解】句意：我们的教室在二楼，他们的教室在三楼。空后没有名词，此处需用名词性物主代词，their是形容词性物主代词，对应的名词性物主代词是theirs。故填theirs。 (11) If I spend time studying, I will get good ________ (grade). 【答案】grades 【详解】句意：如果我花时间学习，我会取得好成绩。grade是可数名词，此处表示泛指的成绩，需用复数形式grades。 (12) Health and peace are ________ (price). 【答案】priceless 【详解】句意：健康和和平是无价的。price意为“价格”，是名词，此处用其形容词作表语，根据“Health and peace”可知，priceless符合语境，意为“无价的”。 (13) In the past, people ________ (live) in small wooden houses. 【答案】lived 【详解】句意：在过去，人们住在木制的小房子里。 in the past表示过去时态，谓语动词live需要变为过去式lived。 (14) All of us ________ (make) great progress in the past few years. 【答案】have made 【详解】时间状语in the past few years“在过去几年里”是现在完成时的标志，现在完成时的结构是have/has + 过去分词。主语All of us是复数，所以用have，make的过去分词是made。故填have made。 (15) He kindly offered ________ me carry my heavy schoolbag home. (help) 【答案】to help 【详解】句意：他好心地主动提出帮我把沉重的书包拿回家。固定搭配offer to do sth.，意为“主动提出做某事”，此处应填动词不定式。 (16) Too much homework makes most students feel ________ (stress) these days. 【答案】stressed 【详解】句意：现如今太多的作业使大多数学生感觉压力大。stress“压力”，是名词，由系动词“feel”可知，此处应填形容词作表语，其形容词为stressed“压力大的”。 (17) Many events ________ (take) place in our school recently. 【答案】have taken 【详解】句意：最近我们学校举办了许多活动。 句中时间标志词“recently”是现在完成时的典型提示词，表示从过去延续到现在发生的动作。现在完成时结构为：have/has+动词过去分词。 主语“Many events”是复数，助动词用have；take的过去分词为taken，故填have taken。 (18) She is glad ________ (hear) that her grandmother will come to visit her this weekend. 【答案】to hear 【详解】句意：听到奶奶这周末要来看她，她很高兴。be glad to do sth.“高兴做某事”，固定搭配，因此这里应用动词不定式to hear。故填to hear。 3. 单项填空。 (1) Don’t ________ at the elderly. It’s very impolite. A．fear B．heat C．shout D．sound 【答案】C 【详解】句意：不要对老人大喊大叫，这非常不礼貌。 考查动词辨析。fear害怕；heat加热；shout喊叫；sound听起来。根据“It’s very impolite”可知，此处应是一种对老人不礼貌的行为，“shout at”是固定短语，意为“对……大喊大叫”，符合“不礼貌行为”的语境，故选C。 (2) —How do workers ________ a house? —They usually draw a picture of the new house and then make the foundation (地基). A．post B．build C．tidy D．plan 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——工人们如何建造一座房子？——他们通常画新房子的图纸，然后打地基。 post邮寄/张贴；build建造；tidy整理；plan计划。根据答语中提到“画图纸”和“打地基”可知，这是在描述建造房子的过程，因此问句询问的是如何建造房子。故选B。 (3) Our school _________ a new laboratory since last year. Now students can do experiments there. A．builds B．built C．has built D．will build 【答案】C 【详解】句意：我们学校自去年以来建了一间新实验室。现在学生们可以在那里做实验了。 考查现在完成时。builds建造，一般现在时的第三人称单数形式；built建造，一般过去时；has built已经建造，现在完成时；will build将建造，一般将来时。根据时间状语“since last year”以及“Now students can do experiments there.”可知，动作从去年开始持续至今，并对现在产生影响，应使用现在完成时。故选C。 (4) He doesn’t like playing basketball, ______ does his brother.​ A．so B．also C．nor D．either​ 【答案】C 【详解】句意：他不喜欢打篮球，他的兄弟也不喜欢。     考查连词辨析。so表示“也”用于肯定倒装句；also表示“也”通常用于句中；nor表示“也不”用于否定倒装句；either表示“也”用于否定句但位于句尾。根据前句“doesn’t like”的否定结构及后句倒装形式，应选用nor。故选C。 (5) She felt ______ about the upcoming exam and couldn’t sleep. A．afraid B．glad C．tired D．calm 【答案】A 【详解】句意：她很担心即将来临的考试，并且无法入睡。 考查形容词词义辨析。afraid害怕的；glad开心的；tired疲倦的；calm冷静的。根据“...couldn’t sleep”可知，她无法入睡，因为她对考试很害怕。故选A。 (6) —The city plans to ________ some old buildings in the city center to build a new park. —Really? I think it’s a good idea to make our city more beautiful. A．give away B．knock down C．take off D．pick up 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——这个城市计划拆除市中心的一些旧建筑来建一个新公园。——真的吗？我认为这是让我们的城市更美丽的好主意。    考查动词短语辨析。give away赠送；knock down拆除；take off起飞，脱下；pick up捡起，学会。根据“some old buildings”和“build a new park”可知，此处表示“拆除旧建筑”，knock down符合语境，故选B。 (7) I ________ that I won’t be able to pass the coming maths exam if I don’t study hard. A．advise B．ask C．fear D．wonder 【答案】C 【详解】句意：我担心如果我不努力学习，我将无法通过即将到来的数学考试。 advise建议；ask问；fear担心/害怕；wonder想知道。根据从句“I won’t be able to pass…”可知是对考试不及格这一消极结果的担忧。 (8) When you ________ the number 2, you get the number 4. A．double B．ask C．give D．send 【答案】A 【详解】句意：当你把数字2翻倍时，你就会得到数字4。 考查动词辨析。double(使)加倍；ask询问；give给；send发送。根据“When you...the number 2, you get the number 4.”可知，把2变成两倍时，就得到4，double符合语境。故选A。 (9) People with ________ daily hobbies are easy to become friends. A．stressed B．similar C．different D．lively 【答案】B 【详解】句意：有相似日常爱好的人很容易成为朋友。 考查形容词辨析。stressed压力大的；similar相似的；different不同的；lively生动的/活泼的。根据语境可知，此处表达的是有相似爱好的人容易成为朋友，所以应该用similar。故选B。 (10) —Can I take a ________ for Scott? —Yes. Please tell him to take his soccer ball to school tomorrow. A．walk B．photo C．shower D．message 【答案】D 【详解】句意：——我能给斯科特带个口信吗？——可以。请告诉他明天把他的足球带到学校来。 walk步行；photo照片；shower洗澡；message口信。固定短语take a message for sb.意为“给某人带口信”，根据答语“Please tell him...”可知，是要传达信息，应填message。 (11) —Mum, I want to be a doctor when I grow up. —That’s great. But you must make your dream come true by ________. Just saying it’s not possible. A．luck B．action C．thought D．advice 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——妈妈，我长大后想当一名医生。——这个志向很棒。但你得用实际行动去实现梦想，光说是不行的。 考查名词辨析。luck运气；action行动；thought想法；advice建议。根据“Just saying it’s not possible”可知，实现梦想不能仅靠言语，而需实际行动。故选B。 (12) — Our country really makes great progress in space development. — So it does. It ________ greatly in recent years. A．improves B．improved C．has improved D．will improve 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——我国在太空发展方面确实取得了巨大进步。——确实如此。它在最近几年里已经取得了巨大的进步。 根据时间状语“in recent years”可知，句子应用现在完成时，表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响。应填has improved。 (13) —Now AI is __________ useful in our everyday life. It helps us a lot. —I think so. A．never B．quite C．only D．seldom 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——现在人工智能在我们的日常生活中相当有用。它帮助我们很多。——我也这么认为。 never从不；quite相当/非常；only仅仅；seldom很少。“It helps us a lot.”表明人工智能帮助很大，说明它是非常有用的。故选B。 (14) With its famous mountains, lakes, and rivers, Jiangxi has so much to ________ tourists. A．pay B．offer C．pull D．cost 【答案】B 【详解】句意：凭借其著名的山川湖泊，江西有如此多的东西可以提供给游客。   pay支付；offer提供；pull拉；cost花费。根据“Jiangxi has so much to…tourists.”可知，江西拥有丰富的自然景观，这些是“提供给”游客的旅游资源，故应用offer。 (15) A museum is a good place to keep ________ and beautiful things for people to learn about science. A．worthless B．priceless C．useless D．careless 【答案】B 【详解】句意：博物馆是一个保存无价和美丽的东西的好地方，供人们学习科学。 考查形容词辨析。worthless不值钱的；priceless无价的；useless无用的；careless粗心的。根据“A museum is a good place to keep…and beautiful things”以及结合选项可知，此处指博物馆是保存珍贵且精美的物品的地方。故选B。 5、 技能提升综合练习 1. 阅读理解 A During the holiday, many people want to find dazi (搭子) or activity partners (搭档) online for travelling. This is a new way of social interaction (社会交往) for young people. The idea behind this activity is clear. It allows people to find someone with common interests, and it doesn’t take them much time. With dazi, people can enjoy activities more. Ge Jinyuan is a student from Shandong. She likes having lunch with her meal dazi. “We love to share ideas on food,” says the girl. “If my meal dazi doesn’t come to school, I will be sad.” “It takes a lot of time to make friends with others, but it doesn’t take much time to have dazi,” says Shi Zhimin, a student from Shanxi. Gao Meng, another student, also has the comparable idea. She doesn’t want to spend too much time making friends, so having dazi is good for her. She feels deeply relaxed when she stays with her dazi. ▲ “Once, I did something wrong when playing a game, but later I solved the problem with my game dazi. By playing the game together, I find I like working with others!” Shi Zhimin says. Dazi is helpful, but finding dazi online can be dangerous. Perhaps some people lie online. For example, a young and beautiful girl on the Internet may be an old man in real life. So be careful when finding dazi. 1．Why do people find dazi? A．They have the same idea about food. B．They want to spend more time with others. C．It can help people make friends from different places. D．It doesn’t take much time to find friends with the same hobbies. 2．What does the underlined word “comparable” mean in Paragraph 4? A．Special. B．Similar. C．Correct. D．Unusual. 3．Which of the following can be put in “ ▲ ” in Paragraph 5? A．Dazi may be helpful to you. B．Dazi may give you presents. C．Dazi may play games better than you. D．Dazi may have different ideas about games. 4．What might happen when finding dazi online? A．Some people may not tell the truth. B．The Internet makes people more beautiful. C．People look younger than they really are. D．People always meet some dangerous things. 5．What is the best title for the passage? A．Enjoy the Trip More B．Study in a Different Place C．A Good Place to Make Friends D．A New Way to Find Partners 【答案】1．D 2．B 3．A 4．A 5．D 【导语】本文主要介绍了年轻人中兴起的一种新的社会交往方式——在网上找搭子或活动伙伴。这种方式能让人们快速找到有共同兴趣的人，享受活动，虽有帮助但网上找搭子也存在危险，提醒人们要小心。 【详解】 1．细节理解题。根据“It allows people to find someone with common interests, and it doesn’t take them much time.”可知，人们找搭子是因为能快速找到有相同爱好的朋友，且不花太多时间。故选D。 2．词句猜测题。根据“‘It takes a lot of time to make friends with others, but it doesn’t take much time to have dazi,’ says Shi Zhimin, a student from Shanxi. Gao Meng, another student, also has the comparable idea.”可知，山西的学生石志敏说和别人交朋友要花很多时间，但找搭子不用花太多时间，另一个学生高萌也有相似的想法，所以“comparable”意思是“相似的”，与“Similar”意思相近。故选B。 3．推理判断题。根据“‘Once, I did something wrong when playing a game, but later I solved the problem with my game dazi. By playing the game together, I find I like working with others!’ Shi Zhimin says.”可知，石志敏说和游戏搭子一起玩游戏解决了问题，还发现自己喜欢和别人合作，这说明搭子对自己是有帮助的，所以选项A“搭子可能对你有帮助。”符合语境。故选A。 4．细节理解题。根据“Dazi is helpful, but finding dazi online can be dangerous. Perhaps some people lie online.”可知，网上找搭子可能有人会撒谎，即有些人可能不会说实话。故选A。 5．最佳标题题。本文主要介绍了年轻人中兴起的一种新的社会交往方式——在网上找搭子或活动伙伴，所以选项D“A New Way to Find Partners”是最佳标题。故选D。 B You may not realize it, but you are doing much more than just studying when you are at school. The school is also the place where you learn to get on well with people. But this is not always easy. What can you do if you just don’t like one of your classmates? If you discover that you have problems getting on with your classmates or friends, the most important thing to learn is tolerance. Tolerance is the ability to realize and respect the differences in others. We cannot change the way that other people do, so it is important to learn to live happily with them. Tolerance will make everyone get on better with each other. Getting to know someone may help you understand why he does things differently. Something different does not exactly mean that it is bad. Tolerance teaches us to keep a gentle and open mind. You need to remember an old saying, “Treat others how you want to be treated.” If you tolerate something, it does not mean that you have to like it. No one is asking you to change who you are or what you believe in. Tolerance just means that you should respect the differences in others and not try to make them change. It is important to practise tolerance, because it will make everyone’s life easier. Learn to accept people for their different abilities and interests. The world is very different, and practising tolerance in your own school can help make a difference. 1．What is tolerance according to the passage? A．Changing the way that other people do. B．Realizing and respecting differences in others. C．Expecting everybody to be the same. 2．If a classmate does things differently, what can help you understand him/ her? A．Getting to know him/her. B．Asking the teacher for help. C．Trying to make him/her change. 3．What can we learn from the last paragraph? A．Where people can practice tolerance. B．Why people should practice tolerance. C．When people should practice tolerance. 4．In which part can we read this passage in the newspaper? A．Sports. B．Culture. C．School life. 5．What’s the message of this passage? A．What’s important to a student. B．What students should do at school. C．How to treat people different from us. 【答案】1．B 2．A 3．B 4．C 5．C 【导语】本文主要围绕学校生活中与他人相处的“宽容”展开，解释了宽容的定义，阐述了宽容能帮助人们理解他人、友好相处的作用，并强调练习宽容能让生活更轻松，是与不同的人相处的重要方式。 【详解】 1．细节理解题。根据“Tolerance is the ability to realize and respect the differences in others.”可知，宽容是意识到并尊重他人差异的能力。故选B。 2．细节理解题。根据“Getting to know someone may help you understand why he does things differently.”可知，了解对方能帮助理解其不同的行事方式。故选A。 3．主旨大意题。根据“It is important to practise tolerance, because it will make everyone’s life easier.”可知，该段主要阐述了“为什么要练习宽容”。故选B。 4．推理判断题。文章围绕“学校中与他人相处的宽容”展开，属于学校生活相关内容，因此可在报纸的“学校生活”板块读到。故选C。 5．主旨大意题。文章核心是阐述“宽容”，即如何对待与自己不同的人。故选C。 2. 任务型阅读 请阅读下面这篇文章，根据所提供的信息，回答问题。 As middle school students, we often face a lot of problems, especially in our relationships with classmates and friends. These problems can make us feel unhappy. Understanding the problems Many students feel nervous when they have to speak in front of the class. They worry about what others might think of them. Some students also have trouble making friends. They feel shy and don’t know how to start a conversation. Another common problem is disagreement (分歧) with friends. Friends may have different opinions or interests, and they can cause arguments between friends. Sometimes, a small disagreement can turn into a big fight, and students may not know how to solve it. Finding help to solve problems Who will you talk to when you meet problems? When we face these problems, it’s important to find someone to talk to. Talking to a friend, a family member or a teacher can be very helpful. They can listen to our feelings and give us useful advice. For example, if you feel nervous about speaking in class, your teacher might tell you to practice in front of a mirror or join a speaking club. My best friend and I had a big fight over a misunderstanding. I felt so sad. I talked to my teacher. With her help, we made up and became close again. ——Jack In a word, it’s normal to have these problems. But we don’t have to deal with these problems alone. By talking to others and getting help, we can find ways to solve our problems and feel happier. 1．Why do many students feel nervous when speaking in front of the class? 2．What can cause arguments between friends? 3．What per cent of the students will talk to their friends according to the chart? 4．Who did Jack talk to when he fought with his best friend? 5．What do you think of talking to others when you have problems with your classmates or friends? Why do you think so? 【答案】1．Because they worry about what others might think of them. 2．Different opinions or interests. 3．39% 4．His teacher. 5．I think it’s a good idea. Because talking to others(like friends, family members or teachers)can help us feel better. They can listen to us and give useful advice. Also, it can help us solve the problem easily, just like Jack and his friend made up with the teacher’s help. We don’t have to deal with the problem alone. 【导语】本文主要讨论了中学生在与同学和朋友相处时可能遇到的问题，以及如何通过寻求帮助来解决这些问题。 1．根据文章第二段“Many students feel nervous when they have to speak in front of the class. They worry about what others might think of them.”可知，许多学生在全班面前讲话时感到紧张是因为他们担心别人对他们的看法。 2．根据文章第三段“Another common problem is disagreement(分歧) with friends. Friends may have different opinions or interests, and they can cause arguments between friends.”可知，朋友之间的分歧，如不同的意见或兴趣，会导致争吵。 3．题目询问根据图表有多少比例的学生会和朋友交谈，图表中显示有39%的学生在遇到问题时选择和朋友交谈。 4．根据文章倒数第二段“My best friend and I had a big fight over a misunderstanding. I felt so sad. I talked to my teacher. With her help, we made up and became close again.”可知，Jack在和他的好朋友打架后，选择和他的老师交谈。 5．是一个开放性问题，询问个人对于在遇到与同学或朋友的问题时与他人交谈的看法。根据文章内容和个人理解，可以认为这是一个好主意，因为与他人交谈可以帮助我们感觉更好，他们可以倾听我们并给出有用的建议，还可以帮助我们轻松解决问题，就像Jack在老师的帮助下和他的朋友和解一样。我们不必独自面对问题。 3. 完形填空 “Hello, everyone,” said Miss Lisa, our writing club teacher. “Today we will share our stories with a critique (评判) partner.” My critique partner was Penny. We sat at the same table. “Here’s mine,” I said and handed it to her. I was 1 . I had no problem with great story ideas. But I did have problems with spelling and grammar. Penny didn’t look at me as she put her story across the table toward me. Why was she worried too? She always got 2 scores in the spelling and grammar tests. I read her story without 3 . It was wonderful. It was about a dog named Sunny. “Wow, great story,” I told her. “I don’t have any 4 . It’s fantastic.” “Yours too,” she said. She didn’t even look at me as she passed mine back. When the activity ended, Penny jumped up and everything in her schoolbag fell out. “Oh no” she cried. She 1 things up and hurried out of the library. I noticed a book under the table. It must be Penny’s. The title was Sunny the Brave. I read through it quickly. It was just like Penny’s story. I couldn’t 2 it. I kept thinking about Penny and her story as I walked home. I decided to ask Mom what I should do. I found her in the kitchen making dinner with Dad. Dad cut vegetables into perfect shapes. Mom cooked something on the stove (炉子). Mom and Dad had different 1 and they worked as a team. With Dad’s 2 to details and Mom’s sense of adventure, their dinners turned out delicious. That gave me an idea to help Penny. The next morning, I found Penny in the dining hall and gave her the book. “I am poor at writing,” she said. “I 1 have a single idea for a story.” “Well, I have ideas, but I wish I could write as perfectly as you do,” I said. “I would rather have ideas than write perfect sentences,” Penny said. “I did have one new idea,” I said. “Shall we work on a story together?” “Can we do that?” she asked. She looked 1 . “Let’s talk to Miss Lisa,” I said. “She loves it when writers are creative.” 1．A．tired B．excited C．worried D．surprised 2．A．poor B．perfect C．similar D．different 3．A．thinking B．stopping C．practising D．checking 4．A．notes B．changes C．problems D．suggestions 5．A．picked B．fixed C．put D．saved 6．A．follow B．believe C．manage D．respect 7．A．skills B．habits C．methods D．hobbies 8．A．tradition B．collection C．attention D．education 9．A．never B．often C．usually D．always 10．A．calm B．bored C．careful D．hopeful 【答案】 1．C 2．B 3．B 4．D 5．A 6．B 7．A 8．C 9．A 10．D 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了两个写作俱乐部成员——一个有创意但语法差，一个语法好但缺乏创意——通过发现抄袭问题后，在父母合作做饭的启发下，最终决定合作创作故事，体现了优势互补、团队合作的主题。 1．句意：我很担心。 tired疲惫的；excited兴奋的；worried担心的；surprised惊讶的。根据“I was…had no problem with great story ideas. But I did have problems with spelling and grammar.”和后文提到自己在拼写和语法有问题，可知作者是“担心的”，“worried”符合语境。故选C。 2．句意：她在拼写和语法测试中总是取得完美的成绩。 poor差的；perfect完美的；similar相似的；different不同的。根据“Why was she worried too? She always got…scores in the spelling and grammar tests.”可知，不理解她为什么也担心，说明她成绩“完美”，“perfect”符合语境。故选B。 3．句意：我毫不犹豫地读了她的故事。 thinking思考；stopping停止；practising练习；checking检查。根据“I read her story without…”可知，“without stopping”表示“毫不犹豫地，不停地”，这里指一口气读完故事，“stopping”符合语境。故选B。 4．句意：我没有任何建议。 notes笔记；changes改变；problems问题；suggestions建议。根据“ ‘Wow, great story,’ I told her. ‘I don’t have any… It’s fantastic.’ ”可知，这里说故事很棒所以没“建议”，“suggestions”符合语境。故选D。 5．句意：她把东西捡起来，匆匆走出了图书馆。 picked捡起；fixed修理；put放；saved拯救。根据“She…things up and hurried out of the library.”可知，这里说捡起东西，“pick up”表示“捡起”，“picked”符合语境。故选A。 6．句意：我简直不敢相信。 follow跟随；believe相信；manage管理；respect尊重。根据“It was just like Penny’s story I couldn’t…it.”可知，这里看到书和她的故事很像，不敢“相信”，“believe”符合语境。故选B。 7．句意：妈妈和爸爸有不同的技能，他们像一个团队一样工作。 skills技能；habits习惯；methods方法；hobbies爱好。根据“Mom and Dad had different…and they worked as a team.”和后文说爸爸注重细节，妈妈有冒险精神，这是不同“技能”，“skills”符合语境。故选A。 8．句意：有了爸爸对细节的关注和妈妈的冒险精神，他们做的晚餐很美味。 tradition传统；collection收藏品；attention注意；education教育。根据“With Dad’s…to details and Mom’s sense of adventure, their dinners turned out delicious.”可知，作者的爸爸关注细节，“attention to details”表示“对细节的关注”，“attention”符合语境。故选C。 9．句意：我几乎没有一个写故事的想法。 never从不；often经常；usually通常；always总是。根据“ ‘I am poor at writing,’ she said. ‘I…have a single idea for a story.’”和前文说自己写作不好，可知是“从来没有”想法，“never”符合语境。故选A。 10．句意：她看起来充满希望。 calm平静的；bored无聊的；careful仔细的；hopeful充满希望的。根据“ ‘Can we do that?’ she asked. She looked…”和前文作者提议一起写故事，她问能不能这么做，可知她是“充满希望”的，“hopeful”符合语境。故选D。 第 1 页 共 20 页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $