精品解析：上海市七宝中学2024-2025学年高一第二学期5月考试英语试卷

2024学年高一第二学期5月考试英语试卷 Ⅰ. Listening Comprehension (25’) Section A (10’) Directions: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard. 1. A. He used to be in good health. B. He was very handsome. C. He was somewhat fat. D. He looked older than his age. 2. A. Put some ice on her foot. B. See a doctor at once. C. Give her foot a good rest. D. Take the doctor’s advice. 3. A. Tell her daughter how to look after herself. B. Find an apartment for her daughter. C. Teach her daughter by herself. D. Allow her daughter to live on her own. 4. A. Take part in the game. B. Go to New York and Los Angeles. C. Watch the basketball game. D. Go out and visit some friends. 5. A. The man should make an apology to Mary. B. The man may talk to Mary directly. C. The man should forgive Mary for her behavior. D. The man shouldn’t always pull a long face. 6. A. She forgot to cancel the reservation. B. They can go to the restaurant tonight. C. She has to work late tonight. D. They don’t have a reservation. 7. A. The man agrees that the workload is heavy. B. The man won’t be able to go to the lab today. C. The man thinks the woman is being unfair. D. The man feels the assignment is reasonable. 8. A. Purchase some ingredients. B. Write down how to make the soup. C. Tell the man how to get to the supermarket. D. Check to see if the soup is ready. 9. A. The physics class is very difficult. B. The physics class is not given this term. C. The physics class is easier than the man thinks. D. The physics class should be cancelled if possible. 10. A. He has been satisfied with his military service. B. He has never been abroad. C. He has never talked about his experience in the Navy. D. He has been on a warship before. Section B (15’) Directions: In Section B, you will hear two short passages and one conversation. You will be asked three questions on each of the passages and four questions for the conversation. The passages and conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard. Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage. 11. A. How early rising affects people’s mental health positively. B. How hard work gives people a good start in the morning. C. The good that early rising does to people’s daily work. D. The benefits of doing morning exercises every day. 12. A. Few distractions. B. The fresh air. C. A long interval of rest. D. A large amount of work. 13. A. They are mostly in good health. B. They can finish their work as planned. C. They take enough exercise in the morning. D. They are full of energy before going to bed. Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage. 14. A. How a sport got its name. B. How a sport became popular. C. How a sport came into existence. D. How a sport endures in the world. 15. A. He discovered the standard rule of football. B. He broke the law and was caught. C. He ran with the ball in his hands. D. He won a prize for his school. 16. A. William Webb Ellis may not have been fined. B. The story about Rugby School may not be true. C. The early 1900s witnessed the changes in football rules. D. Association Football appeared later than Rugby Football. Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation. 17. A. What we don’t know about brains. B. The structure of brains. C. Brains’ functions. D. Children’s brains. 18. A. The part that enables an infant to walk. B. The part that enables an infant to breathe. C. The part that enables an infant to learn things. D. The part that enables an infant to tell colours apart. 19. A. The kids performed better after they went to school. B. The kids had better senses of sight and hearing. C. The kids did better in mathematical tasks. D. The kids were more interested in maths. 20. A. It’s worthwhile to warn the parents although it will panic them as well. B. Some parts of the brain can be developed only when we are very young. C. Parents will feel sorry for the missed opportunities when their kids grow up. D. Parents may not be able to do much to help their kids learn to solve things. Ⅱ. Grammar and Vocabulary (42’) Section A (12’) Directions: After reading the sentence or the passage, fill in the blanks by using the given word in the bracket to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. The Day When I Gave Up Smoking I thought everyone would be pleased, but one of my colleagues was absolutely angry, “What do you mean? If it was that easy, why didn’t you stop years ago?” I suppose my inability to explain ____1____ one afternoon I had been a heavy smoker, and four hours later I was not, was faintly annoying. I find it curious myself. The stop-smoking session took place exactly two months and three weeks ago. I ____2____ (not intend) to stop before attending the session. For one thing, I wholly hated the pressure from the anti-smoking fighter — and I still do. For another, I had low blood pressure and a long-living and healthy family. I did not cough or feel unwell and threw off colds ____3____ (easily), it seemed to me, than friends with consciously healthier lifestyles. ____4____ that unexceptional Thursday afternoon, I had simply gone along to the Birmingham session of The East Way to Stop Smoking to write an article about others trying ____5____ (give) up. ‘I won’t stop myself. It wouldn’t be fair,’ I announced firmly. Since my motivation for being here is writing, not stopping, it would not be right to expect your method to work on me. I ____6____ not have been more reasonable. After all, I positively enjoyed smoking, ____7____ (offer) me real pleasure. I thought the counsellor looked at me rather knowingly. We were encouraged to smoke as much as we wished and most of the afternoon was conducted in a room so smoke-filled ____8____ we had to open the windows. I noticed with interest that when I was told to smoke I was reluctant to do so — and so ____9____ (be) the others. I suppose ____10____ happened was that the stop-smoking messages made intellectual sense. Just as smoking itself had become a challenge in the face of opposition, so the concept of stopping began to feel attractive. The possibility of not being a smoker was beginning to make me feel powerful. It was a secret feeling that had nothing to do with anyone except ____11____. Now I do miss my cigarettes, but not too much. Each ‘new’ experience as a non-smoker ____12____ ____13____ be handled — eating out, waiting for an aeroplane, a theatre interval. All are key moments in which I would have previously smoked cigarettes. Section B (30’) Directions: Complete the following passages by using the words in the boxes. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. (A) A. builds B. resolve C. delight D. spotlights E. anticipated F. satisfying G. relief H. alerted I. fuels J. preserve K. initiate No spoilers, please! Ask any birder, and they’ll tell you about the thrill of identifying a new species. Recently a tapping sound outside a window ____14____ one of us (Hsiung) to the presence of a striking, unfamiliar woodpecker in a nearby tree. Its head was huge with large red feathers, and it was huge — the size of a crow. Curious, she whipped out her phone app and soon became acquainted with the Pileated Woodpecker. Scientists have often seen curiosity as motivation to discover new information and to ____15____ and facilitate learning. That framing suggests that curiosity is all about knowing — it drives us to find answers as soon as possible. In previous research, when people were able to choose whether to receive their highly ____16____ answer to a question now or later, they generally opted for the fastest path to resolution. This impatience for answers aligns with what psychologists imagine as what ____17____ curiosity: to reduce uncertainty. The state of not knowing or of recognizing a gap in your knowledge can be discomforting, like an itch that needs to be scratched. This feeling of uncertainty then motivates a search for information that, when obtained, is met with ____18____ and satisfaction. But this picture of curiosity is incomplete. Consider how people watch a murder-mystery movie. As the tension ____19____, viewers want to know the identity and the motive of the murderer — but unlike the desire to identify a strange new bird, most don’t feel the urge to reach for a phone and ____20____ that curiosity. Instead, people savor the twists and turns of the plot as they gather more information. The desire to avoid premature resolution is so common that viewers explicitly label details in online conversations with “spoiler alerts” to help one another (40) ____21____ uncertainty. In a study published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA, we explored whether there are multiple flavors of curiosity. We found that although piquing interest can indeed drive an urgent desire for answers, it can also evoke more patience, setting people up for moments of discovery. Thinking about curiosity as going beyond the need for quick answers also ____22____ the power of what happens when we engage with uncertainty: having to ponder and anticipate answers can improve learning and memory. Learning new things can be tough, but harnessing curiosity can help us savor the process of learning and ____23____ in overcoming challenges as much as we like working out a detective story — all in due time. (B) Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. Most men and women feel that a dinner bill should be split down the middle, how fair is this it really? A new app aims to answer this question, and for others who fall ___24___ to income inequality, by dividing the check-up according to each person's race and gender. Equipay uses Bureau of Labor Statistics and math to calculate how much is____25____ from each person , but it will only give you statistics about the wage___26___. 'Equipay helps you avoid the firm discrimination that exists in our society. It doesn't work out an equal split of the bill but a ___27___one.' the company's site says. 'You pay what you should to balance out the wage diversity.' The app is the brain child of Luna Malbroux, a diversity educator and comedian from California, who wanted to 'make the touchy subject' of racial and gender inequalities more ____28____, The problem is expected to catch people’s eye easily. “I hope that this, more than anything, starts a discussion and helps people to start thinking a little bit differently about how we can use technology and innovation to___29___ inequality and wage inequality, ” Malbroux said. The app has a built in 'diversity tool' that allows you to___30___ how diverse your friends really are, the list also displays the level of diversity for each person. Type in the amount of the entire bill at the top, tip included, and the software will begin calculating the split based on who your____31____ is. Finally it will show you the list again, but now with how much each person owes. Before paying your share, there is the___32___ to protest, in which the app will ask 'what's your excuse' and lists reasons for you to choose from. You can say 'I was a middle child' or 'I'm unaware of my privilege'.Equipay will find the best reply possible, whether it is facts regarding income inequalities or something seemingly________33________ but also makes you think twice before disagreeing with what you have to pay. Ⅲ. Cloze (30’) Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. (A) You’re halfway through another magazine; another flood of words and numbers. What’s truly important? What’s ____34____, even? Why couldn’t you get to the ____35____ you wanted straight away? The main problem with our information culture is not the availability of “facts”, but their ____36____ and relevance to you. We are ____37____ in news updates, phone-calls, emails, text messages, and their junk equivalent, so we find ourselves unable to identify the information we need to operate. This vast amount of information reduces the ____38____ of the mind, making it harder to concentrate on the facts that really matter. Average British people find themselves exposed to 2,500 advertising messages a day. We have too much information ____39____ us — more than we know what to do with. Occupational psychologist Cary Cooper recognizes that stress, RSI (Repetitive Strain Injury) and eye damage are all part of the problem we face. “It results in a lack of ____40____ well-being as it takes us away from other people,” he says. “We’re not maintaining our ____41____. We live in an age where information, in various ways it’s delivered, is measured by volume rather than quality — the final word in style in contrast to ____42____.” A number of ____43____ problems affect the modern worker, such as tiredness. When overload is severe, you live in a state of anxiety that you can’t meet ongoing demands to ____44____ more information. Dr. David Lewis, a psychologist and the author of the book, Information Overload. recognizes that the “large volume of information we have to deal with daily means that work ____45____ spills out into home life, our heads become full of data that we find it hard to sleep”. ____46____, you get sick from enormous stress. As deadlines get tighter due to the speed of information, people always feel the information they have is out of date, hence self-____47____ stress. Lewis refers to one financial director who installed a new system as it gave him a 100th of a second on his competitors; he’s also met a manager who rather cynically (嘲讽般地) referred to the fact that “there wasn’t always enough time to do something right, but always enough to do it again”. So is there a ___48___ ? Well, the information overload isn’t going away, so it’s vital that we become better at managing it. 34. A. new B. good C. true D. right 35. A. response B. evidence C. destination D. information 36. A. quality B. sufficiency C. usage D. volume 37. A. investing B. persisting C. engaging D. drowning 38. A. endurance B. alertness C. flexibility D. creativity 39. A. thrown at B. collected by C. adapted by D. gathered from 40. A. economic B. material C. mental D. physical 41. A. activities B. interests C. standards D. relationships 42. A. technology B. content C. medium D. skill 43. A. health B. security C. employment D. management 44. A. exchange B. process C. transfer D. seek 45. A. environment B. routine C. stress D. discipline 46. A. In particular B. For instance C. On the contrary D. As a result 47. A. imposed B. cured C. identified D. restricted 48. A. hope B. schedule C. solution D. need (B) Collecting your thoughts My husband, Brandon, has been collecting toys since the summer of 1996 when he was 17 years old. Like his toys, Brandon is in good ____49____. An estimated 1 in 3 adults collects something, and research suggests the popular pastime could come with cognitive perks. Through a range of ____50____ that scientists are still figuring out, collecting may enhance memory, forge new connections in the brain, and even trigger the body’s relaxation response. According to neuroscientist Shirley Mueller, collecting ____51____ the pleasure center of the brain, but without the drawbacks of alcohol, gambling, or nicotine. “Collecting is a way to feel a sense of safety and ____52____,” says Mueller, who is also the author of the book, Inside the Head of a Collector: Neuropsychological Forces at Play. “It’s a way for the collector to temporarily ____53____ the burdens in their lives and find joy in the moment.” “While the ____54____ to collect are varied, they typically revolve around developing a more positive sense of self,” says Brandon Schmeichel, a comic book collector and psychology professor at Texas A&M University. That distinguishes collecting from hoarding. With hoarding, stuff is acquired ____55____. There’s no methodical consideration behind what is obtained. And instead of creating a sense of ____56____, the behavior typically makes hoarders feel bad about themselves. But even collecting of the nonhoarding variety can be unhealthy. In the early 1990s, psychoanalyst (心理分析学家) Werner Muensterberger described collecting as an attempt to ____57____ an emptiness resulting from childhood experiences. Decades earlier, Sigmund Freud viewed the practice as a form of regression (倒退), or as a means of ____58____ one’s fears. “Collectors are drawn to collecting as a means of ____59____ the self by setting up goals that are ____60____, attainable, and provide the collector with concrete feedback of progress,” Schmeichel reports in a paper published in Leisure Sciences. “It also ____61____ people’s need to seek challenge.” And unlike more nebulous (模糊的) goals, collecting is a more factual one. Brandon can peruse (仔细查看) the items in our garage and see just how far he has come since that first acquisition in college. (He now has 21 Obi-Wan figures.) In fact, many collectors say their top ____62____ to collect is to gain a sense of skill, success, or competence. No matter the motivation for collecting, there’s no disputing that the activity can offer collectors a feeling of ____63____, or of certainty in uncertain times. 49. A. taste B. condition C. company D. humor 50. A. processes B. outcomes C. systems D. mechanisms 51. A. identifies B. feeds C. trains D. creates 52. A. emptiness B. comfort C. responsibility D. chaos 53. A. let go of B. come up with C. take up D. shed light on 54. A. abilities B. methods C. motivations D. chances 55. A. routinely B. disorderly C. subconsciously D. indiscriminately 56. A. self-worth B. self-reliance C. self-discipline D. self-awareness 57. A. fill B. store C. mend D. repair 58. A. generating B. controlling C. analyzing D. triggering 59. A. building B. recognizing C. puzzling D. encouraging 60. A. peculiar B. collective C. tangible D. infinite 61. A. takes over B. taps into C. kicks off D. looks into 62. A. motive B. priority C. demand D. concern 63. A. resilience B. confidence C. loneliness D. commitment Ⅳ. Reading Comprehension (38’) Section A (30’) Directions: Read the following four passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. (A) Women have all but caught up with men at knocking back alcohol, a global study of drinking habits shows. The analysis of 4 million people, born between 1891 and 2001, showed that men used to be far more likely to drink and have resulting health problems. But the current generation has pretty much closed the gap, the BMJ Open report says. The changing roles of men and women in society partly explain the move towards drinking equivalent. The study showed that in people born in the early 1900s, men were: More than twice as likely as women to drink alcohol at all (2.2 times) Three times as likely to drink to problematic levels And 3.6 times as likely to develop health problems from drinking, such as liver cirrhosis But over the following decades, the gap closed so that for those born at the end of the century men were only: A smidge — 1.1 times — as likely as women to drink alcohol at all A much lower 1.2 times as likely to drink to problematic levels And 1.3 times as likely to develop health problems from drinking The team at the University of New South Wales, in Australia, analyzed data from people all over the world and concluded: “Alcohol use and alcohol-use disorders have historically been viewed as a male phenomenon.” “The present study calls this assumption into question and suggests that young women, in particular, should be the target of joint efforts to reduce the impact of substance use and related harms.” Prof Mark Petticrew, from the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, said: “Men’s and women’s roles have been changing over the decades; this is likely to account for some of these trends — but not all.” “The increasing availability of alcohol also plays an important part, as does the way that alcohol marketing is often targeted specifically at women and particularly young women.” Health professionals need to help the public — both men and women — to understand the health risks of alcohol consumption, and how to reduce those risks. 64. According to this article, we can learn that _________. A. In the 1900s, women are forbidden to drink for the inferior social status. B. In 2000, women consume almost the same amount of alcohol as men do. C. Women are unlikely to develop health problem because of drinking. D. In history, alcohol-abuse has always been a problem of women. 65. Why did the study suggest that women should avoid excessive drinking? A. Harms to their health. B. Unfavorable social status. C. Threats to the alcohol market. D. Serious family conflicts. 66. What is NOT the reason for the huge growth of women’s drinking habit? A. Changing of the social roles between men and women has taken place. B. Alcohol is becoming more available to women nowadays. C. Society has advocated that women should have the equality in drinking. D. Women have been the target of the market strategy. 67. What’s the best title of this article? A. Alcohol protects women from sexual discrimination. B. Immediate action should be taken to stop women drinking. C. Women nearing equality with men in alcohol consumption. D. Alcohol deaths in young women on rise. (B) As a Visa student cardholder, you can gain exclusive benefits when you use your card to book a flight with us between 13 June and 31 October. By using the promo code QRCNVISA on qatarairways.com, or our convenient app, you will receive a host of additional rewards. Be sure to sign up for our Student Club to qualify for extra baggage allowance when you check in.* Benefits*: • 10% saving on Economy and Business Class bookings • One complimentary flight change • 10kg extra baggage allowance • Qatar Duty Free vouchers worth QAR 50 for Economy Class passengers and QAR 100 for Premium passengers In addition, you can join our lucky draw to win the surprise. The winner will be announced via our official Weibo account. • Designated flight section upgrade: one winner (2 in total) will be born on each flight originating from Hangzhou and Guangzhou to get the upgrade. • Doha Hamad International Airport Lounge Voucher: two winners (4 in total) will be selected from each flight originating from Hangzhou and Guangzhou to get the voucher. * Terms and conditions apply. Your exclusive benefits include: Savings with every booking Get 10% off when you join, 15% off after your first journey & 20% off after your second & third trips. Enhanced flexibility Enjoy booking options including one complimentary date change for yourself & your Student Companions. Extra baggage allowance Take more with you on each trip. Carry an additional 10kg or one more piece depending on your route. Complimentary onboard Wi-Fi Book on qatarairways.com or our mobile app to stay connected throughout your journeys with us. Companion Pass Share your benefits when pre-selecting family members or inviting friends to be Student Companions. Tier upgrade Fly at least once a year as a Student Club member & fast-track your Privilege Club tier when graduating. 68. What benefit can a Visa student cardholder get according to the passage? A. 10% saving on Economy Class booking all year around. B. 10kg extra baggage allowance without any registration. C. Discounted duty-free products on the flight. D. Lucky chances to be upgraded to the first class. 69. What can we learn about the lucky draw? A. Winners will receive notifications on qatarairways.com B. Two winners will get the upgrade on the flight from Doha Hamad. C. Two winners can share their benefits with their companions before boarding. D. Lucky draw conditions don’t apply to the flight departing from Shanghai. 70. Which of the statement is NOT included in the exclusive benefits? A. Change flight for your student companions free of charge once. B. Fast-upgrade your Privilege Club class before graduation. C. Have access to free Wi-Fi service by booking online. D. Reduce worries about excess baggage to some extent. (C) The number of devices you can talk to is multiplying—first it was your phone, then your car, and now you can boss around your appliances. Children are likely to grow up thinking everything is sentient, or at least interactive: One app developer told The Washington Post that after interacting with Amazon’s Alexa, his kid started talking to coasters. But even without chatty gadgets, research suggests that under certain circumstances, people anthropomorphize everyday products. We personify things because we’re lonely. In one experiment, people who reported feeling isolated were more likely than others to give free will and consciousness to various devices. In turn, feeling attached to objects can reduce loneliness. When college students were reminded of a time they’d been excluded socially, they made up by lying about their number of friends on social networks—unless they were first given tasks that caused them to interact with their phone as if it had human qualities. The phone apparently stood in for real friends. When we personify products, they become harder to cast off. After being asked to evaluate their car's personality, people were less likely to say they intended to replace it soon. And anthropomorphizing objects is associated with a tendency to accumulate. So how do people assign characteristics to an object? In part, we rely on looks. On humans, wide faces are associated with dominance. Similarly, people rated cars, clocks, and watches with wide faces as more dominant-looking than narrow-faced ones, and preferred them—especially in competitive situations. An analysis of car sales in Germany found that cars with grilles(格栅) that were upturned like smiles and headlights that were slanted（倾斜的）like narrowed eyes sold best. The purchasers saw these features as increasing a car’s friendliness and aggressiveness, respectively. It’s little wonder so many companies use mascots（吉祥物）to bring brands to life. An analysis of 1,151 brand characters found symbols that were human or humanlike to be common. Personifying products and brands can backfire, however. When a coffee maker was anthropomorphized in an ad (“I am Aroma” versus just “Aroma”)，consumers felt betrayed by increases in its price. Now that speech-enabled coffee makers are on the market, maybe the machines can sweet-talk their way back into consumers, hearts. 71. The word “anthropomorphize”（in paragraph 1) most probably means_________. A. think highly of something B. find a better way to rate something C. see something as humans D. use something as often as possible 72. For the college students, the interaction with the phone served as a reminder that_________ . A. they were not lonely B. the phone had human qualities C. they needed real friends D. the phone was not always necessary 73. The writer mentions an analysis of car sales in Germany in order to_________. A. show that friendliness is better received than aggressiveness B. highlight that a symbol looking like a smile appeals more to people C. explain why so many companies use mascots to promote their brands D. illustrate that people will judge something according to its appearance 74. What can be inferred from the last paragraph? A. Consumers should know more about a product before it is on the market. B. Products with a mascot are more likely to win consumers' hearts. C. Increases in a produces price may be accepted with a good ad. D. The personification of a product may not always work. (D) It is a common misconception that geology is “just” about rocks. True, geologists are trained to read what rocks tell us about Earth’s past, present and possible future structure and evolution. But, as I will explain as part of this year’s Royal Institution Christmas Lectures, geological processes and climate are closely linked. Numerous complex physical and chemical links and feedbacks exist between Earth’s surface and subsurface rocks, its atmosphere, oceans and ice caps and life in all these places. Volcanic eruptions bring carbon from deep within the planet to the surface and the air, enhancing the green-house effect. In contrast, weathering of exposed rocks at the surface and the action of shell-forming animals in the oceans remove carbon dioxide from the atmosphere, reducing global warming. The rocks and fossils (化石) in the geological record bear witness to these processes, showing us that Earth’s climate has changed continually since the planet formed around 4.6 million years ago. This same record also shows that atmospheric CO2 is at its highest level in at least the past 3 million years, and that the current pace of planetary warming is never before seen in Earth’s history. The geological record can also be used to assess the accuracy of complex numerical models used to predict future climate and its impact on Earth’s habitability. Geology has improved our understanding of global warming and hopefully will help us to reduce it. There is an irony to that, given geologists play a role in locating and exploiting climate-heating fossil fuels. Now, more than ever, our discipline needs to fully adopt the concept of “sustainable geoscience”. This isn’t a new idea and nor is it limited to climate change. The many and varied historical contributions of geology to tackling some of our greatest societal challenges can be seen by looking at the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals. To name just a couple of examples, geologists study the origin, natural transportation and behaviour of pollutants like arsenic and lead, critical to the provision of safe and reliable water supplies, and they explore the origin of natural hazards such as landslides and earthquakes, and so help strengthen communities across the world. But geologists must redouble their engagement with other scientists and politicians to develop and ultimately help apply solutions to the many environmental and resource challenges we face. Students of geology should be made aware of the broader contributions their multidisciplinary skill set can make to global well-being, beyond just energy provision — although ensuring energy supply, we should not forget, underpins many of the Sustainable Development Goals. 75. The examples of volcanic eruptions and the weathering of rocks are intended to _____. A. demonstrate what geological activities geologists mainly study B. highlight the importance of studying volcanic activity in geology C. illustrate the enormous and destructive power of geological processes D. show the dynamic interactions between geological activities and climate 76. In the sentence “There is an irony to that”, the irony refers to _____. A. the profession’s role in both causing and solving global warming B. sustainable geoscience’s unexpected popularity across various fields C. the disagreement between geological records and current climate models D. geologists’ focus on energy provision which goes against their original goal 77. Which of the following can be inferred from the passage? A. Energy supply is in critical shortage. B. Geologists are able to work across various fields. C. Pollutants spread far and wide due to modern transportation. D. Fossil fuel exploitation does not contribute to climate change. 78. What is the main point the author is making in the passage? A. Geologists primarily study rocks to understand Earth’s climate. B. Climate models are often inaccurate without the geological record. C. Geology is crucial for addressing global challenges beyond the study of rocks. D. The field of geology focuses on exploiting fossil fuels and studying climate change. Section B (8’) Directions: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need. What Would Happen if the World Suddenly Went Vegetarian? People become vegetarians for a variety of reasons. Some do it to make animal suffering less severe, others because they want to pursue a healthier lifestyle. Still others wish to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. ____79____ And the more who make the switch, the more those benefits would appear on a global scale. Andrew Jarvis and other experts at Colombia’s International Centre for Tropical Agriculture carried out researches to see what might happen if meat dropped off the planet’s menu overnight. First, they examined climate change. Food production accounts for one-quarter to one-third of all greenhouse gas emissions from human activities worldwide, and the worst responsibility for those numbers falls to the livestock industry. ____80____ In the US, for example, an average family of four produces more greenhouse gases because of the meat they eat than from driving two cars – but it is cars, not steaks, that regularly come up in discussions about global warming. ____81____ Of the world’s approximately 12 billion acres of agricultural land, 68% is devoted to livestock. Should we all go vegetarian, ideally we would give at least 80% of that pastureland (牧场) to the restoration of grasslands and forests, which would capture carbon and further relieve climate change. The remaining 10 to 20% of former pastureland could be used for growing more crops to fill gaps in the food supply. ____82____ That’s because one-third of the land currently used for crops is given to producing food for livestock—not for humans. A. Clear solutions already exist for reducing greenhouse gas emissions. B. Despite this, how our dietary choices affect climate change is often underestimated. C. Food, especially livestock, also takes up a lot of room. D. In developed countries, vegetarianism would bring all sorts of environmental and health benefits. E. No matter how much their meat-loving friends might deny it, vegetarians have a point: cutting out meat delivers multiple benefits. F. Though a relatively small increase in agricultural land, this would more than make up for the loss of meat. Ⅴ. Translation (15’ = 3’*5) Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets. 83. 这是她第一次申请奖学金出国留学。(apply) (汉译英) ___________________________________________________ 84. 记得提醒经理用奖金奖励员工的辛勤工作。（remind）（汉译英） ___________________________________________________ 85. 尽管有证据，父母仍然不相信他能转入理想的专业。（convince）（汉译英） ___________________________________________________ 86. 新成立的小组被委以重任，负责制定应对网络攻击的措施。(task) (汉译英) ___________________________________________________ 87. 为了纪念这位已故科学家对科学研究的贡献，人们举行了一场盛大的仪式。(honor) (汉译英) ___________________________________________________ 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 2024学年高一第二学期5月考试英语试卷 Ⅰ. Listening Comprehension (25’) Section A (10’) Directions: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard. 1. A. He used to be in good health. B. He was very handsome. C. He was somewhat fat. D. He looked older than his age. 2. A. Put some ice on her foot. B. See a doctor at once. C. Give her foot a good rest. D. Take the doctor’s advice. 3. A. Tell her daughter how to look after herself. B. Find an apartment for her daughter. C. Teach her daughter by herself. D. Allow her daughter to live on her own. 4. A. Take part in the game. B. Go to New York and Los Angeles. C. Watch the basketball game. D. Go out and visit some friends. 5. A. The man should make an apology to Mary. B. The man may talk to Mary directly. C. The man should forgive Mary for her behavior. D. The man shouldn’t always pull a long face. 6. A. She forgot to cancel the reservation. B. They can go to the restaurant tonight. C. She has to work late tonight. D. They don’t have a reservation. 7. A. The man agrees that the workload is heavy. B. The man won’t be able to go to the lab today. C. The man thinks the woman is being unfair. D. The man feels the assignment is reasonable. 8. A. Purchase some ingredients. B. Write down how to make the soup. C. Tell the man how to get to the supermarket. D. Check to see if the soup is ready. 9. A. The physics class is very difficult. B. The physics class is not given this term. C. The physics class is easier than the man thinks. D. The physics class should be cancelled if possible. 10. A. He has been satisfied with his military service. B. He has never been abroad. C. He has never talked about his experience in the Navy. D. He has been on a warship before. Section B (15’) Directions: In Section B, you will hear two short passages and one conversation. You will be asked three questions on each of the passages and four questions for the conversation. The passages and conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard. Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage. 11. A. How early rising affects people’s mental health positively. B. How hard work gives people a good start in the morning. C. The good that early rising does to people’s daily work. D. The benefits of doing morning exercises every day. 12. A. Few distractions. B. The fresh air. C. A long interval of rest. D. A large amount of work. 13. A. They are mostly in good health. B. They can finish their work as planned. C. They take enough exercise in the morning. D. They are full of energy before going to bed. Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage. 14. A. How a sport got its name. B. How a sport became popular. C. How a sport came into existence. D. How a sport endures in the world. 15. A. He discovered the standard rule of football. B. He broke the law and was caught. C. He ran with the ball in his hands. D. He won a prize for his school. 16. A. William Webb Ellis may not have been fined. B. The story about Rugby School may not be true. C. The early 1900s witnessed the changes in football rules. D. Association Football appeared later than Rugby Football. Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation. 17. A. What we don’t know about brains. B. The structure of brains. C. Brains’ functions. D. Children’s brains. 18. A. The part that enables an infant to walk. B. The part that enables an infant to breathe. C. The part that enables an infant to learn things. D. The part that enables an infant to tell colours apart. 19. A. The kids performed better after they went to school. B. The kids had better senses of sight and hearing. C. The kids did better in mathematical tasks. D. The kids were more interested in maths. 20. A. It’s worthwhile to warn the parents although it will panic them as well. B. Some parts of the brain can be developed only when we are very young. C. Parents will feel sorry for the missed opportunities when their kids grow up. D. Parents may not be able to do much to help their kids learn to solve things. Ⅱ. Grammar and Vocabulary (42’) Section A (12’) Directions: After reading the sentence or the passage, fill in the blanks by using the given word in the bracket to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. The Day When I Gave Up Smoking I thought everyone would be pleased, but one of my colleagues was absolutely angry, “What do you mean? If it was that easy, why didn’t you stop years ago?” I suppose my inability to explain ____1____ one afternoon I had been a heavy smoker, and four hours later I was not, was faintly annoying. I find it curious myself. The stop-smoking session took place exactly two months and three weeks ago. I ____2____ (not intend) to stop before attending the session. For one thing, I wholly hated the pressure from the anti-smoking fighter — and I still do. For another, I had low blood pressure and a long-living and healthy family. I did not cough or feel unwell and threw off colds ____3____ (easily), it seemed to me, than friends with consciously healthier lifestyles. ____4____ that unexceptional Thursday afternoon, I had simply gone along to the Birmingham session of The East Way to Stop Smoking to write an article about others trying ____5____ (give) up. ‘I won’t stop myself. It wouldn’t be fair,’ I announced firmly. Since my motivation for being here is writing, not stopping, it would not be right to expect your method to work on me. I ____6____ not have been more reasonable. After all, I positively enjoyed smoking, ____7____ (offer) me real pleasure. I thought the counsellor looked at me rather knowingly. We were encouraged to smoke as much as we wished and most of the afternoon was conducted in a room so smoke-filled ____8____ we had to open the windows. I noticed with interest that when I was told to smoke I was reluctant to do so — and so ____9____ (be) the others. I suppose ____10____ happened was that the stop-smoking messages made intellectual sense. Just as smoking itself had become a challenge in the face of opposition, so the concept of stopping began to feel attractive. The possibility of not being a smoker was beginning to make me feel powerful. It was a secret feeling that had nothing to do with anyone except ____11____. Now I do miss my cigarettes, but not too much. Each ‘new’ experience as a non-smoker ____12____ ____13____ be handled — eating out, waiting for an aeroplane, a theatre interval. All are key moments in which I would have previously smoked cigarettes. 【答案】1. that 2. had not intended 3. more easily 4. On 5. to give 6. could 7. offering 8. that 9. were 10. what 11. myself 12. has 13. to 【解析】 【导语】作者原本只为撰稿参加戒烟讲座，并无戒烟打算，现场的理念令他当天成功戒烟。如今虽偶尔怀念香烟，但能从容应对以往烟瘾发作的各类场景。 【1题详解】 考查宾语从句。句意：我大概觉得，有一天下午我是个重度吸烟者，四小时后却已戒烟，这种无法解释的情况有点令人恼火。引导宾语从句，从句不缺少成分和句意，故用that。 【2题详解】 考查时态。句意：我本没打算在参加这次戒烟活动之前戒烟。参加课程之前本没打算戒烟，“打算”发生在过去动作took place之前，即“过去的过去”用过去完成时，且为否定句。 【3题详解】 考查比较级。句意：我并没有咳嗽或感觉不适，而且似乎比那些生活更健康的朋友更容易摆脱感冒。后文than提示比较级，副词easily比较级more easily。 【4题详解】 考查介词。句意：那个普通的周四下午，我原本只是去参加在伯明翰举行的“东行戒烟会”，写一篇关于其他人试图戒烟的文章。具体某一个下午，介词用on，句首大写。 【5题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：那个普通的周四下午，我原本只是去参加在伯明翰举行的“东行戒烟会”，写一篇关于其他人试图戒烟的文章。try to do sth.表示“努力做某事”。 【6题详解】 考查情态动词。句意：我当时已经再理智不过了。could not+比较级是固定表达，表最高级含义，意为“不可能更……，已经再……不过了”，符合此处语境。 【7题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：毕竟，我确实享受吸烟，它给我带来了真正的愉悦。逻辑主语smoking和动词offer之间是主动关系，因此用现在分词作伴随状语。 【8题详解】 考查固定句型。句意：我们被鼓励随心所欲地吸烟，整个下午大部分时间都在一个烟雾弥漫的房间里度过，不得不打开窗户。so...that...是固定句型，意为“如此……以至于……”，引导结果状语从句。 【9题详解】 考查倒装与时态。句意：我注意到，当我被要求吸烟时，我并不情愿——其他人也是如此。倒装结构so were the others，主语others为复数，一般过去时用were。 【10题详解】 考查主语从句。句意：我想，发生的情况是，戒烟的信息在理智上站得住脚。引导从句缺主语，指代事情，用what。 【11题详解】 考查代词。句意：这是一种只有我自己才懂的隐秘情感，与其他人毫无关系。此处表达“除了我自己”，需要反身代词myself强调自身，符合语义。 【12题详解】 考查固定短语。句意：作为不吸烟者，每一次“新”的经历都需要应对——外出就餐、等待飞机、剧院中场休息。have to是固定搭配，意为“需要、不得不”，本句主语是Each 'new' experience，为单数第三人称，时态是一般现在时，因此谓语动词用has。 【13题详解】 考查固定短语。句意：作为不吸烟者，每一次“新”的经历都需要应对——外出就餐、等待飞机、剧院中场休息。have to do sth.是固定搭配，意为“需要做某事，不得不做某事”，符合此处需要应对新场景的语境。 Section B (30’) Directions: Complete the following passages by using the words in the boxes. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. (A) A. builds B. resolve C. delight D. spotlights E. anticipated F. satisfying G. relief H. alerted I. fuels J. preserve K. initiate No spoilers, please! Ask any birder, and they’ll tell you about the thrill of identifying a new species. Recently a tapping sound outside a window ____14____ one of us (Hsiung) to the presence of a striking, unfamiliar woodpecker in a nearby tree. Its head was huge with large red feathers, and it was huge — the size of a crow. Curious, she whipped out her phone app and soon became acquainted with the Pileated Woodpecker. Scientists have often seen curiosity as motivation to discover new information and to ____15____ and facilitate learning. That framing suggests that curiosity is all about knowing — it drives us to find answers as soon as possible. In previous research, when people were able to choose whether to receive their highly ____16____ answer to a question now or later, they generally opted for the fastest path to resolution. This impatience for answers aligns with what psychologists imagine as what ____17____ curiosity: to reduce uncertainty. The state of not knowing or of recognizing a gap in your knowledge can be discomforting, like an itch that needs to be scratched. This feeling of uncertainty then motivates a search for information that, when obtained, is met with ____18____ and satisfaction. But this picture of curiosity is incomplete. Consider how people watch a murder-mystery movie. As the tension ____19____, viewers want to know the identity and the motive of the murderer — but unlike the desire to identify a strange new bird, most don’t feel the urge to reach for a phone and ____20____ that curiosity. Instead, people savor the twists and turns of the plot as they gather more information. The desire to avoid premature resolution is so common that viewers explicitly label details in online conversations with “spoiler alerts” to help one another (40) ____21____ uncertainty. In a study published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA, we explored whether there are multiple flavors of curiosity. We found that although piquing interest can indeed drive an urgent desire for answers, it can also evoke more patience, setting people up for moments of discovery. Thinking about curiosity as going beyond the need for quick answers also ____22____ the power of what happens when we engage with uncertainty: having to ponder and anticipate answers can improve learning and memory. Learning new things can be tough, but harnessing curiosity can help us savor the process of learning and ____23____ in overcoming challenges as much as we like working out a detective story — all in due time. 【答案】14. H 15. K 16. E 17. I 18. G 19. A 20. B 21. J 22. D 23. C 【解析】 【导语】文章提出两种好奇心：一种急于解惑，另一种享受悬念过程；保留悬念能深化记忆，善用好奇心可让人享受学习、从容攻克难题。 【14题详解】 考查动词。句意：最近，窗外传来一阵敲击声，提醒我们其中一人（Hsiung）附近树上有一只醒目而陌生的啄木鸟。根据“one of us (Hsiung) to the presence of a striking, unfamiliar woodpecker in a nearby tree”以及句意“提醒”可知应填动词alert，发生在过去用一般过去时。 【15题详解】 考查动词。句意：科学家们通常认为，好奇心是发现新信息以及启动和促进学习的动力。根据“and facilitate learning”以及句意“启动”可知应填动词initiate，结合上文“to discover new information and to”可知为不定式应填原形。 【16题详解】 考查形容词。句意：在以往的研究中，当人们能够选择是现在还是稍后获得他们备受期待的问题答案时，他们通常会选择最快捷的解决方式。根据“answer to a question now or later”以及句意“期待的”可知应填形容词anticipated，修饰名词answer。 【17题详解】 考查动词。句意：这种对答案的急切渴望，与心理学家所认为的激发好奇心的因素一致：即减少不确定性。根据“curiosity: to reduce uncertainty”以及句意“激发”可知应填动词fuel，主语为what，谓语用三单形式。 【18题详解】 考查名词。句意：这种不确定感促使人们去寻求信息，而获得这些信息后，会带来一种解脱与满足。根据“and satisfaction”以及句意“解脱”可知应填名词relief，作宾语。 【19题详解】 考查动词。句意：随着紧张气氛不断加剧，观众渴望知道凶手的身份和动机——但与想要识别一只陌生新鸟的冲动不同，大多数人并不想拿起手机来解决这种好奇心。根据“As the tension”以及句意“加剧”可知应填动词build，作谓语，结合后文want可知为一般现在时，主语为tension，谓语用三单形式。 【20题详解】 考查动词。句意：随着紧张气氛不断加剧，观众渴望知道凶手的身份和动机——但与想要识别一只陌生新鸟的冲动不同，大多数人并不想拿起手机来消除这种好奇心。根据“that curiosity”以及句意“消除”可知应填动词resolve，此处为不定式作后置定语。 【21题详解】 考查动词。句意：人们普遍希望避免过早揭晓答案，以至于在线对话中观众会特意标注细节为“剧透提示”，以帮助彼此保留悬念。根据“The desire to avoid premature resolution is so common that viewers explicitly label details in online conversations with “spoiler alerts”以及句意“保留”可知应填动词preserve，且上文为短语help sb. do sth.。 【22题详解】 考查动词。句意：将好奇心视为超越对快速答案需求的追求，也凸显了我们在面对不确定性时所展现的力量：思考和预见答案有助于提升学习效果和记忆力。根据“the power of what happens when we engage with uncertainty”以及句意“凸显”可知应填动词spotlight，陈述事实用一般现在时，主语为Thinking about curiosity as going beyond the need for quick answers，谓语用三单形式。 【23题详解】 考查名词。句意：学习新事物可能很困难，但善用好奇心能让我们尽情享受学习的过程，并乐在其中地克服挑战，就像我们解侦探故事一样——这一切终将水到渠成。根据“in overcoming challenges as much as we like working out a detective story”以及句意“乐在其中”可知应填名词delight，作宾语。 (B) Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. Most men and women feel that a dinner bill should be split down the middle, how fair is this it really? A new app aims to answer this question, and for others who fall ___24___ to income inequality, by dividing the check-up according to each person's race and gender. Equipay uses Bureau of Labor Statistics and math to calculate how much is____25____ from each person , but it will only give you statistics about the wage___26___. 'Equipay helps you avoid the firm discrimination that exists in our society. It doesn't work out an equal split of the bill but a ___27___one.' the company's site says. 'You pay what you should to balance out the wage diversity.' The app is the brain child of Luna Malbroux, a diversity educator and comedian from California, who wanted to 'make the touchy subject' of racial and gender inequalities more ____28____, The problem is expected to catch people’s eye easily. “I hope that this, more than anything, starts a discussion and helps people to start thinking a little bit differently about how we can use technology and innovation to___29___ inequality and wage inequality, ” Malbroux said. The app has a built in 'diversity tool' that allows you to___30___ how diverse your friends really are, the list also displays the level of diversity for each person. Type in the amount of the entire bill at the top, tip included, and the software will begin calculating the split based on who your____31____ is. Finally it will show you the list again, but now with how much each person owes. Before paying your share, there is the___32___ to protest, in which the app will ask 'what's your excuse' and lists reasons for you to choose from. You can say 'I was a middle child' or 'I'm unaware of my privilege'.Equipay will find the best reply possible, whether it is facts regarding income inequalities or something seemingly________33________ but also makes you think twice before disagreeing with what you have to pay. 【答案】24. F 25. K 26. B 27. A 28. E 29. I 30. H 31. D 32. J 33. C 【解析】 【分析】本文是说明文，介绍了一款新的应用程序Equipay，旨在解决生活中经常会出现买单时费用平摊的问题。 【24题详解】 考查固定短语。句意：一款新应用诞生，旨在解决这一问题，也是为了那些有着收入不平等的遭遇的人们。根据每个人不同的种族与性别来计算应分摊的钱数。短语 fall victim to 成为…的受害者，牺牲品。符合句意。故选F。 【25题详解】 考查被动语态。句意：（这款应用）“Equipay”通过使用美国劳动统计局统计数据和相应的数学公式来计算每个人应付的账款。owe意为“欠（钱）”。句中主语how much和owe之间为被动关系，意为“该付多少钱”，是被动语态，助动词is后用过去分词owed，符合句意。故选K。 【26题详解】 考查名词。句意：不过它只会给你提供关于收入差距的统计数据。gap意为“差距，间隔”。根据上文income inequality（收入不平等）可知，每个人的收入有差距。Equipay是对收入差距进行统计。故选B。 【27题详解】 考查形容词。句意：它（Equipay）不会计算出一份账单的平分是多少，但它是合理的。Just在此处为形容词，意为“公正的，正义的，合理的”。Equipay是根据每人的收入来计算该摊多少费用，但并不是完全平均分摊，它的计算方法是合理的。故选A。 【28题详解】 考查形容词。句意：她想让种族和性别不平等这一“敏感问题”变得更加明显。evident意为“明显的，显而易见的”作宾语补足语。 根据下一句The problem is expected to catch people’s eye easily可知，她想让这个问题更突出，期待这个问题能引起人们的注意。故选E。 【29题详解】 考查动词不定式。句意：我希望这款应用能掀起热议，并且引导人们以不同的角度去思考我们该如何运用科技和创新去解决不平等和收入不公的问题。动词不定式后接address 动词，意为“对付，处理”。她想通过Equipay这个app帮助人们应对存在的收入不平等的问题。故选 I。 【30题详解】 考查动词不定式。句意：这款应用还内置了“多样化工具”，可以让你识别朋友是有多种多样的。allow sb to do sth ,identify意为“鉴定，识别”。 根据下一句the list also displays the level of diversity for each person可知， Equipay能通过列表形式，显示你朋友的多样化的程度，也就是帮你识别不同的朋友。故选H。 【31题详解】 考查名词。句意：软件便能够根据你的同伴是谁来计算分摊的费用。your为形容词性物主代词，修饰名词company意为“公司，同伴，陪伴”，此处意为“同伴”，指将要跟你一起平摊费用的人。故选D。 【32题详解】 考查名词。句意：在付你的那一份之前，你可以（对它的计算结果）选择异议，这时应用会询问“你的理由是什么”，并列出一些原因供你选择。alternative意为“可供选择的事物”，是名词。短语the alternative to do …“有做…...的选择”。根据下文 before disagreeing with what you have to pay可知 ，如果你对Equipay上显示的分摊费用不满意，你可以选择不同意。故选J。 【33题详解】 考查形容词。句意：无论是关于收入不平等的方面，还是一些看似不想关的事情，Equipay 会找出可能是最合理的答复，让你在不同意你必须支付之前三思而后行。irrelevant意为“不相关的”修饰不定代词置于其后。这里是指其他的与收入不平等没关系的事情。故选C。 Ⅲ. Cloze (30’) Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. (A) You’re halfway through another magazine; another flood of words and numbers. What’s truly important? What’s ____34____, even? Why couldn’t you get to the ____35____ you wanted straight away? The main problem with our information culture is not the availability of “facts”, but their ____36____ and relevance to you. We are ____37____ in news updates, phone-calls, emails, text messages, and their junk equivalent, so we find ourselves unable to identify the information we need to operate. This vast amount of information reduces the ____38____ of the mind, making it harder to concentrate on the facts that really matter. Average British people find themselves exposed to 2,500 advertising messages a day. We have too much information ____39____ us — more than we know what to do with. Occupational psychologist Cary Cooper recognizes that stress, RSI (Repetitive Strain Injury) and eye damage are all part of the problem we face. “It results in a lack of ____40____ well-being as it takes us away from other people,” he says. “We’re not maintaining our ____41____. We live in an age where information, in various ways it’s delivered, is measured by volume rather than quality — the final word in style in contrast to ____42____.” A number of ____43____ problems affect the modern worker, such as tiredness. When overload is severe, you live in a state of anxiety that you can’t meet ongoing demands to ____44____ more information. Dr. David Lewis, a psychologist and the author of the book, Information Overload. recognizes that the “large volume of information we have to deal with daily means that work ____45____ spills out into home life, our heads become full of data that we find it hard to sleep”. ____46____, you get sick from enormous stress. As deadlines get tighter due to the speed of information, people always feel the information they have is out of date, hence self-____47____ stress. Lewis refers to one financial director who installed a new system as it gave him a 100th of a second on his competitors; he’s also met a manager who rather cynically (嘲讽般地) referred to the fact that “there wasn’t always enough time to do something right, but always enough to do it again”. So is there a ___48___ ? Well, the information overload isn’t going away, so it’s vital that we become better at managing it. 34. A. new B. good C. true D. right 35. A. response B. evidence C. destination D. information 36. A. quality B. sufficiency C. usage D. volume 37. A. investing B. persisting C. engaging D. drowning 38. A. endurance B. alertness C. flexibility D. creativity 39. A. thrown at B. collected by C. adapted by D. gathered from 40. A. economic B. material C. mental D. physical 41. A. activities B. interests C. standards D. relationships 42. A. technology B. content C. medium D. skill 43. A. health B. security C. employment D. management 44. A. exchange B. process C. transfer D. seek 45. A. environment B. routine C. stress D. discipline 46. A. In particular B. For instance C. On the contrary D. As a result 47. A. imposed B. cured C. identified D. restricted 48. A. hope B. schedule C. solution D. need 【答案】34. C 35. D 36. A 37. D 38. B 39. A 40. C 41. D 42. B 43. A 44. B 45. C 46. D 47. A 48. C 【解析】 【导语】本文阐述信息过载带来多重危害，干扰专注力、损害身心健康，引发持续焦虑，唯有学会高效管理信息，才能应对无法消失的信息泛滥问题。 【34题详解】 考查形容词。句意：甚至哪些是真实可信的？A. new新的；B. good好的；C. true真实的；D. right正确的。前文“You’re halfway through another magazine; another flood of words and numbers. What’s truly important?”提到海量文字信息繁杂，人们分不清重要与真实信息，true与truly important并列体现信息真假难辨。 【35题详解】 考查名词。句意：为什么你无法立刻找到自己想要的信息？A. response回复；B. evidence证据；C. destination目的地；D. information信息。根据上文“You’re halfway through another magazine; another flood of words and numbers. What’s truly important?”以及全文围绕信息过载展开，此处指人们难以快速获取所需信息。后文“This vast amount of information”也是提示。 【36题详解】 考查名词。句意：信息时代的核心问题不在于缺少事实，而在于信息的质量以及和自身的关联度。A. quality质量；B. sufficiency充足；C. usage用途；D. volume数量。根据上文“The main problem with our information culture is not the availability of “facts””以及后文提到如今信息只重数量不重质量，前后呼应quality。 【37题详解】 考查动词。句意：我们淹没在新闻、电话、邮件、短信和各类垃圾信息中，无法筛选有用信息。A. investing投入；B. persisting坚持；C. engaging参与；D. drowning淹没。根据后文“in news updates, phone-calls, emails, text messages”可知，人们被大量信息淹没，be drowned in表示“被大量事物淹没”。 【38题详解】 考查名词。句意：海量信息降低大脑敏锐度，使人难以专注关键内容。A. endurance耐力；B. alertness敏锐度；C. flexibility灵活性；D. creativity创造力。根据后文“making it harder to concentrate on the facts that really matter”可知，信息杂乱让人注意力涣散、头脑迟钝，alertness指思维清醒敏锐。 【39题详解】 考查动词短语。句意：无数广告信息扑面而来，远超我们能够处理的范围。A. thrown at涌向、扑面而来；B. collected by被收集；C. adapted by被改编；D. gathered from从……收集。根据上文“Average British people find themselves exposed to 2,500 advertising messages a day.”可知，各类广告不断向人们推送，throw at形象表现信息轰炸。 【40题详解】 考查形容词。句意：这会损害心理健康，因为它隔绝了人与人之间的交往。A. economic经济的；B. material物质的；C. mental心理的；D. physical身体的。根据后文“it takes us away from other people”可知，长期被信息裹挟、缺少人际交流，影响精神心理状态，mental well-being表示“心理健康”。 【41题详解】 考查名词。句意：我们不再维系人际关系。A. activities活动；B. interests爱好；C. standards标准；D. relationships人际关系。前文“it takes us away from other people”提到信息使人脱离他人，对应疏于经营人际往来。 【42题详解】 考查名词。句意：我们生活在一个信息以数量而非质量衡量的时代——无论以何种方式传递，内容的质量都远不如形式的最终评判。A. technology技术；B. content内容；C. medium媒介；D. skill技巧。根据上文“We live in an age where information, in various ways it’s delivered, is measured by volume rather than quality”可知，in contrast to形成对比，style形式对应content实质内容。 【43题详解】 考查名词。句意：诸多健康问题困扰现代职场人，疲惫就是其一。A. health健康；B. security安全；C. employment就业；D. management管理。后文“such as tiredness”以及“you live in a state of anxiety”提到疲惫、焦虑都属于健康问题。 【44题详解】 考查动词。句意：信息过载严重时，人持续焦虑，无法完成处理海量信息的任务。A. exchange交换；B. process处理；C. transfer转移；D. seek寻找。根据上文“When overload is severe, you live in a state of anxiety that you can’t meet ongoing demands to”可知，信息过载，感到焦虑因而无法处理信息。process information表示“处理信息”。 【45题详解】 考查名词。句意：心理学家大卫·刘易斯博士是《信息过载》一书的作者，他指出：“我们每天需要处理的信息量巨大，这意味着工作压力会延伸到家庭生活中，我们的大脑被数据填满，导致难以入睡。”A. environment环境；B. routine日常；C. stress压力；D. discipline自律。根据上文“large volume of information we have to deal with daily means”以及全文核心话题信息过载引发压力，此处工作压力侵入生活。 【46题详解】 考查短语。句意：结果，巨大压力会使人患病。A. In particular尤其；B. For instance例如；C. On the contrary相反；D. As a result因此、结果。前文讲压力导致失眠，后文生病是最终后果，表因果用as a result。 【47题详解】 考查形容词。句意：由于信息传播速度加快，截止日期变得越来越紧，人们总是感觉手头的信息已经过时，从而产生自我施加的压力。A. imposed强加的；B. cured治愈的；C. identified识别的；D. restricted受限的。根据上文“As deadlines get tighter due to the speed of information, people always feel the information they have is out of date”可知，信息传播速度加快，截止日期紧张，这种焦虑是自己给自己带来的。 【48题详解】 考查名词。句意：那么有解决办法吗？A. hope希望；B. schedule日程；C. solution解决办法；D. need需求。后文“Well, the information overload isn’t going away, so it’s vital that we become better at managing it.”提出要学会管理信息，是应对信息过载的对策，此处询问解决方案。 (B) Collecting your thoughts My husband, Brandon, has been collecting toys since the summer of 1996 when he was 17 years old. Like his toys, Brandon is in good ____49____. An estimated 1 in 3 adults collects something, and research suggests the popular pastime could come with cognitive perks. Through a range of ____50____ that scientists are still figuring out, collecting may enhance memory, forge new connections in the brain, and even trigger the body’s relaxation response. According to neuroscientist Shirley Mueller, collecting ____51____ the pleasure center of the brain, but without the drawbacks of alcohol, gambling, or nicotine. “Collecting is a way to feel a sense of safety and ____52____,” says Mueller, who is also the author of the book, Inside the Head of a Collector: Neuropsychological Forces at Play. “It’s a way for the collector to temporarily ____53____ the burdens in their lives and find joy in the moment.” “While the ____54____ to collect are varied, they typically revolve around developing a more positive sense of self,” says Brandon Schmeichel, a comic book collector and psychology professor at Texas A&M University. That distinguishes collecting from hoarding. With hoarding, stuff is acquired ____55____. There’s no methodical consideration behind what is obtained. And instead of creating a sense of ____56____, the behavior typically makes hoarders feel bad about themselves. But even collecting of the nonhoarding variety can be unhealthy. In the early 1990s, psychoanalyst (心理分析学家) Werner Muensterberger described collecting as an attempt to ____57____ an emptiness resulting from childhood experiences. Decades earlier, Sigmund Freud viewed the practice as a form of regression (倒退), or as a means of ____58____ one’s fears. “Collectors are drawn to collecting as a means of ____59____ the self by setting up goals that are ____60____, attainable, and provide the collector with concrete feedback of progress,” Schmeichel reports in a paper published in Leisure Sciences. “It also ____61____ people’s need to seek challenge.” And unlike more nebulous (模糊的) goals, collecting is a more factual one. Brandon can peruse (仔细查看) the items in our garage and see just how far he has come since that first acquisition in college. (He now has 21 Obi-Wan figures.) In fact, many collectors say their top ____62____ to collect is to gain a sense of skill, success, or competence. No matter the motivation for collecting, there’s no disputing that the activity can offer collectors a feeling of ____63____, or of certainty in uncertain times. 49. A. taste B. condition C. company D. humor 50. A. processes B. outcomes C. systems D. mechanisms 51. A. identifies B. feeds C. trains D. creates 52. A. emptiness B. comfort C. responsibility D. chaos 53. A. let go of B. come up with C. take up D. shed light on 54. A. abilities B. methods C. motivations D. chances 55. A. routinely B. disorderly C. subconsciously D. indiscriminately 56. A. self-worth B. self-reliance C. self-discipline D. self-awareness 57. A. fill B. store C. mend D. repair 58. A. generating B. controlling C. analyzing D. triggering 59. A. building B. recognizing C. puzzling D. encouraging 60. A. peculiar B. collective C. tangible D. infinite 61. A. takes over B. taps into C. kicks off D. looks into 62. A. motive B. priority C. demand D. concern 63. A. resilience B. confidence C. loneliness D. commitment 【答案】49. B 50. D 51. B 52. B 53. A 54. C 55. D 56. A 57. A 58. B 59. A 60. C 61. B 62. A 63. B 【解析】 【导语】文章介绍收藏对大脑与心理的积极作用，区分良性收藏与病态囤积，分析各类收藏心理动因，指出收藏可塑造自我、缓解焦虑、带来自信与成就感。 【49题详解】 考查名词。句意：布兰登收藏玩具，他本人状态也很好。A. taste品味；B. condition状态；C. company陪伴；D. humor幽默。根据后文“An estimated 1 in 3 adults collects something, and research suggests the popular pastime could come with cognitive perks.”可知，长期收藏爱好带来的身心状态，固定搭配in good condition表示“状态良好”。 【50题详解】 考查名词。句意：通过一系列科学家仍在研究的内在机制，收藏可以增强记忆力、建立大脑新连接并放松身心。A. processes流程；B. outcomes结果；C. systems系统；D. mechanisms生理/心理机制。后文“that scientists are still figuring out, collecting may enhance memory, forge new connections in the brain, and even trigger the body’s relaxation response”讲大脑运作原理，mechanism特指内在作用机制。 【51题详解】 考查动词。句意：神经科学家表示收藏能刺激大脑愉悦中枢，且没有烟酒赌博的副作用。A. identifies识别；B. feeds滋养、刺激；C. trains训练；D. creates创造。根据后文“the pleasure center of the brain”指激活大脑奖赏愉悦区域，符合神经科学语境。 【52题详解】 考查名词。句意：“收藏是一种让人感到安全和舒适的方式，”穆勒说。他也是《收藏家的内心：神经心理学的作用》一书的作者。A. emptiness空虚；B. comfort舒适；C. responsibility责任；D. chaos混乱。前文并列词“safety”提示正向情绪，收藏缓解焦虑带来舒适安心。 【53题详解】 考查动词短语。句意：收藏让人暂时放下生活重担，享受当下快乐。A. let go of放下；B. come up with想出；C. take up占据；D. shed light on阐明。后文“the burdens in their lives and find joy in the moment”可知，指脱离压力、感受快乐对应放下负担。 【54题详解】 考查名词。句意：“虽然收集的动机各不相同，但通常都围绕着培养更积极的自我认知。”德克萨斯农工大学的漫画收藏家兼心理学教授布兰登·施梅切尔表示。A. abilities能力；B. methods方法；C. motivations动机；D. chances机会。根据后文“they typically revolve around developing a more positive sense of self”以及后文区分收藏与囤积、分析心理动因，此处指收藏的内在动机。 【55题详解】 考查副词。句意：囤积者不加区分地囤积物品，没有条理考量。A. routinely常规地；B. disorderly杂乱地；C. subconsciously潜意识地；D. indiscriminately不加分辨地。后文“There’s no methodical consideration behind what is obtained.”说明囤积无筛选、无规划，indiscriminately指不分好坏全盘收集。 【56题详解】 考查名词短语。句意：囤积无法带来自我价值感，反而让人自我否定。A. self-worth自我价值；B. self-reliance自立；C. self-discipline自律；D. self-awareness自我认知。前文收藏塑造积极自我，囤积与之相反，缺少自我价值认同。 【57题详解】 考查动词。句意：20世纪90年代初，精神分析学家维尔纳·门斯特贝格尔曾描述收藏行为是一种试图填补童年经历所导致的空虚感。A. fill填补；B. store储存；C. mend修补；D. repair修复。根据后文“an emptiness resulting from childhood experiences”可知，此处表示“填补内心空洞”。 【58题详解】 考查动词。句意：几十年前，西格蒙德·弗洛伊德将这种行为视为一种退行现象，或是一种控制恐惧的手段。A. generating产生；B. controlling控制；C. analyzing分析；D. triggering触发。根据上文“the practice as a form of regression, or as a means of”可知，收藏用来安抚、管控内心恐惧。 【59题详解】 考查动词。句意：“收藏者通过设立具体、可实现且能获得明确进展反馈的目标，将收藏作为一种自我建构的方式而被吸引。”施梅切尔在《休闲科学》发表的一篇论文中报告道。A. building塑造、构建；B. recognizing认出；C. puzzling使困惑；D. encouraging鼓励。根据后文“the self by setting up goals”可知，收藏可以进行自我建造。build the self指建立、塑造自我认同感。 【60题详解】 考查形容词。句意：“收藏者通过设立具体、可实现且能获得明确进展反馈的目标，将收藏作为一种自我建构的方式而被吸引。”施梅切尔在《休闲科学》发表的一篇论文中报告道。A. peculiar独特的；B. collective集体的；C. tangible实在可感知的；D. infinite无限的。后文“unlike more nebulous (模糊的) goals”与模糊目标对比，tangible表示看得见摸得着的实在目标。 【61题详解】 考查动词短语。句意：收藏也契合人们寻求挑战的需求。A. takes over接管；B. taps into挖掘、契合；C. kicks off启动；D. looks into调查。根据后文“people’s need to seek challenge”可知，收藏契合人们寻求挑战的需求，tap into people’s need指满足、契合人的内在需求。 【62题详解】 考查名词。句意：事实上，许多收藏者表示，他们收藏的首要动机是获得一种技能、成功或能力的感觉。A. motive动机；B. priority优先事项；C. demand需求；D. concern担忧。根据后文“No matter the motivation for collecting”此处指收藏的初衷、动机。 【63题详解】 考查名词。句意：无论收藏的动机是什么，人们都不得不承认，这项活动能在不确定的时期为收藏者带来一种信心或确信感。A. resilience韧性；B. confidence自信；C. loneliness孤独；D. commitment投入。后文certainty (确定感)与confidence并列，表示收藏带来掌控感与自信。 Ⅳ. Reading Comprehension (38’) Section A (30’) Directions: Read the following four passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. (A) Women have all but caught up with men at knocking back alcohol, a global study of drinking habits shows. The analysis of 4 million people, born between 1891 and 2001, showed that men used to be far more likely to drink and have resulting health problems. But the current generation has pretty much closed the gap, the BMJ Open report says. The changing roles of men and women in society partly explain the move towards drinking equivalent. The study showed that in people born in the early 1900s, men were: More than twice as likely as women to drink alcohol at all (2.2 times) Three times as likely to drink to problematic levels And 3.6 times as likely to develop health problems from drinking, such as liver cirrhosis But over the following decades, the gap closed so that for those born at the end of the century men were only: A smidge — 1.1 times — as likely as women to drink alcohol at all A much lower 1.2 times as likely to drink to problematic levels And 1.3 times as likely to develop health problems from drinking The team at the University of New South Wales, in Australia, analyzed data from people all over the world and concluded: “Alcohol use and alcohol-use disorders have historically been viewed as a male phenomenon.” “The present study calls this assumption into question and suggests that young women, in particular, should be the target of joint efforts to reduce the impact of substance use and related harms.” Prof Mark Petticrew, from the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, said: “Men’s and women’s roles have been changing over the decades; this is likely to account for some of these trends — but not all.” “The increasing availability of alcohol also plays an important part, as does the way that alcohol marketing is often targeted specifically at women and particularly young women.” Health professionals need to help the public — both men and women — to understand the health risks of alcohol consumption, and how to reduce those risks. 64. According to this article, we can learn that _________. A. In the 1900s, women are forbidden to drink for the inferior social status. B. In 2000, women consume almost the same amount of alcohol as men do. C. Women are unlikely to develop health problem because of drinking. D. In history, alcohol-abuse has always been a problem of women. 65. Why did the study suggest that women should avoid excessive drinking? A. Harms to their health. B. Unfavorable social status. C. Threats to the alcohol market. D. Serious family conflicts. 66. What is NOT the reason for the huge growth of women’s drinking habit? A. Changing of the social roles between men and women has taken place. B. Alcohol is becoming more available to women nowadays. C. Society has advocated that women should have the equality in drinking. D. Women have been the target of the market strategy. 67. What’s the best title of this article? A. Alcohol protects women from sexual discrimination. B. Immediate action should be taken to stop women drinking. C. Women nearing equality with men in alcohol consumption. D. Alcohol deaths in young women on rise. 【答案】64. B 65. A 66. C 67. C 【解析】 【导语】文章主要说明了全球研究发现女性饮酒水平逐步接近男性，男女饮酒差距大幅缩小。社会角色、酒水供给与定向营销推动该趋势，需重视女性饮酒引发的健康隐患。 【64题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段“Women have all but caught up with men at knocking back alcohol, a global study of drinking habits shows.(一项关于饮酒习惯的全球研究显示，女性在饮酒方面几乎已与男性并驾齐驱)”，第二段“But the current generation has pretty much closed the gap, the BMJ Open report says.(但目前这一代人已经基本缩小了差距，英国医学杂志开放版报告指出)”以及“ But over the following decades, the gap closed so that for those born at the end of the century men were only: A smidge — 1.1 times — as likely as women to drink alcohol at all(但在随后的数十年间，这一差距不断缩小，到世纪末出生的人群中，男女差距仅为：整体饮酒概率仅略高于女性，为女性的1.1倍)”可知，2000年，女性的饮酒量几乎与男性相当。 【65题详解】 细节理解题。根据倒数第三段中“The present study calls this assumption into question and suggests that young women, in particular, should be the target of joint efforts to reduce the impact of substance use and related harms.(本研究对这一固有观点提出质疑，并提出应当将年轻女性列为重点干预对象，共同降低酒精摄入带来的负面影响与相关健康损害)”可知，这项研究建议女性应避免过量饮酒因为对健康有害。 【66题详解】 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“Prof Mark Petticrew, from the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, said: “Men’s and women’s roles have been changing over the decades; this is likely to account for some of these trends — but not all.” “The increasing availability of alcohol also plays an important part, as does the way that alcohol marketing is often targeted specifically at women and particularly young women.”(伦敦卫生与热带医学院的马克·佩蒂克鲁教授表示：“几十年来，男女的角色一直在发生变化；这可能是导致某些趋势的原因之一，但并非全部。”“酒精日益普及也起着重要作用，同时酒精营销往往专门针对女性，尤其是年轻女性，这一点同样不可忽视。”)”可知，女性饮酒增多的原因包括角色发生转变、酒变得更易获得，以及女性成为酒的售卖对象。社会倡导女性在饮酒方面应享有平等权利不是女性饮酒增多的原因。 【67题详解】 主旨大意题。通读全文，并结合第一段“Women have all but caught up with men at knocking back alcohol, a global study of drinking habits shows.(一项关于饮酒习惯的全球研究显示，女性在饮酒方面几乎已与男性并驾齐驱)”可知，文章主要说明了全球研究发现女性饮酒水平逐步接近男性，男女饮酒差距大幅缩小。社会角色、酒水供给与定向营销推动该趋势，需重视女性饮酒引发的健康隐患。C选项“女性在饮酒方面接近与男性平等”最符合文章标题。 (B) As a Visa student cardholder, you can gain exclusive benefits when you use your card to book a flight with us between 13 June and 31 October. By using the promo code QRCNVISA on qatarairways.com, or our convenient app, you will receive a host of additional rewards. Be sure to sign up for our Student Club to qualify for extra baggage allowance when you check in.* Benefits*: • 10% saving on Economy and Business Class bookings • One complimentary flight change • 10kg extra baggage allowance • Qatar Duty Free vouchers worth QAR 50 for Economy Class passengers and QAR 100 for Premium passengers In addition, you can join our lucky draw to win the surprise. The winner will be announced via our official Weibo account. • Designated flight section upgrade: one winner (2 in total) will be born on each flight originating from Hangzhou and Guangzhou to get the upgrade. • Doha Hamad International Airport Lounge Voucher: two winners (4 in total) will be selected from each flight originating from Hangzhou and Guangzhou to get the voucher. * Terms and conditions apply. Your exclusive benefits include: Savings with every booking Get 10% off when you join, 15% off after your first journey & 20% off after your second & third trips. Enhanced flexibility Enjoy booking options including one complimentary date change for yourself & your Student Companions. Extra baggage allowance Take more with you on each trip. Carry an additional 10kg or one more piece depending on your route. Complimentary onboard Wi-Fi Book on qatarairways.com or our mobile app to stay connected throughout your journeys with us. Companion Pass Share your benefits when pre-selecting family members or inviting friends to be Student Companions. Tier upgrade Fly at least once a year as a Student Club member & fast-track your Privilege Club tier when graduating. 68. What benefit can a Visa student cardholder get according to the passage? A. 10% saving on Economy Class booking all year around. B. 10kg extra baggage allowance without any registration. C. Discounted duty-free products on the flight. D. Lucky chances to be upgraded to the first class. 69. What can we learn about the lucky draw? A. Winners will receive notifications on qatarairways.com B. Two winners will get the upgrade on the flight from Doha Hamad. C. Two winners can share their benefits with their companions before boarding. D. Lucky draw conditions don’t apply to the flight departing from Shanghai. 70. Which of the statement is NOT included in the exclusive benefits? A. Change flight for your student companions free of charge once. B. Fast-upgrade your Privilege Club class before graduation. C. Have access to free Wi-Fi service by booking online. D. Reduce worries about excess baggage to some extent. 【答案】68. C 69. D 70. B 【解析】 【导语】文章介绍Visa学生卡持有人在6月13日至10月31日期间使用卡片预订航班，可享受经济舱和商务舱10%折扣等独家优惠，并有机会参与抽奖。 【68题详解】 细节理解题。根据Benefits部分“Qatar Duty Free vouchers worth QAR 50 for Economy Class passengers and QAR 100 for Premium passengers (经济舱乘客可获得价值50卡塔尔里亚尔的卡塔尔免税代金券，高级舱乘客可获得价值100卡塔尔里亚尔的卡塔尔免税代金券)”可知，作为Visa学生卡持卡人，不同等级的乘客获得价值不等的卡塔尔免税券，即乘客可以获得折扣免税产品。 【69题详解】 细节理解题。根据“In addition, you can join our lucky draw to win the surprise. The winner will be announced via our official Weibo account. (此外，您还可以参加我们的抽奖活动，赢取惊喜。获奖者将通过我们的官方微博账号公布。)”以及“Doha Hamad International Airport Lounge Voucher : two winners(4 in total)will be selected from each flight originating from Hangzhou and Guangzhou to get the voucher. (多哈哈马德国际机场贵宾室代金券：每架从杭州和广州出发的航班将选出两名获奖者（共4名）获得代金券。)”可知，幸运抽奖条件不适用于从上海出发的航班。 【70题详解】 细节理解题。根据Tier upgrade部分“Fly at least once a year as a Student Club member & fast-track your Privilege Club tier when graduating. (作为学生俱乐部成员，每年至少飞行一次，并在毕业时快速晋升至Privilege Club会员等级。)”可知，毕业前快速升级你的Privilege Club会员等级不属于专属福利。 (C) The number of devices you can talk to is multiplying—first it was your phone, then your car, and now you can boss around your appliances. Children are likely to grow up thinking everything is sentient, or at least interactive: One app developer told The Washington Post that after interacting with Amazon’s Alexa, his kid started talking to coasters. But even without chatty gadgets, research suggests that under certain circumstances, people anthropomorphize everyday products. We personify things because we’re lonely. In one experiment, people who reported feeling isolated were more likely than others to give free will and consciousness to various devices. In turn, feeling attached to objects can reduce loneliness. When college students were reminded of a time they’d been excluded socially, they made up by lying about their number of friends on social networks—unless they were first given tasks that caused them to interact with their phone as if it had human qualities. The phone apparently stood in for real friends. When we personify products, they become harder to cast off. After being asked to evaluate their car's personality, people were less likely to say they intended to replace it soon. And anthropomorphizing objects is associated with a tendency to accumulate. So how do people assign characteristics to an object? In part, we rely on looks. On humans, wide faces are associated with dominance. Similarly, people rated cars, clocks, and watches with wide faces as more dominant-looking than narrow-faced ones, and preferred them—especially in competitive situations. An analysis of car sales in Germany found that cars with grilles(格栅) that were upturned like smiles and headlights that were slanted（倾斜的）like narrowed eyes sold best. The purchasers saw these features as increasing a car’s friendliness and aggressiveness, respectively. It’s little wonder so many companies use mascots（吉祥物）to bring brands to life. An analysis of 1,151 brand characters found symbols that were human or humanlike to be common. Personifying products and brands can backfire, however. When a coffee maker was anthropomorphized in an ad (“I am Aroma” versus just “Aroma”)，consumers felt betrayed by increases in its price. Now that speech-enabled coffee makers are on the market, maybe the machines can sweet-talk their way back into consumers, hearts. 71. The word “anthropomorphize”（in paragraph 1) most probably means_________. A. think highly of something B. find a better way to rate something C. see something as humans D. use something as often as possible 72. For the college students, the interaction with the phone served as a reminder that_________ . A. they were not lonely B. the phone had human qualities C. they needed real friends D. the phone was not always necessary 73. The writer mentions an analysis of car sales in Germany in order to_________. A. show that friendliness is better received than aggressiveness B. highlight that a symbol looking like a smile appeals more to people C. explain why so many companies use mascots to promote their brands D. illustrate that people will judge something according to its appearance 74. What can be inferred from the last paragraph? A. Consumers should know more about a product before it is on the market. B. Products with a mascot are more likely to win consumers' hearts. C. Increases in a produces price may be accepted with a good ad. D. The personification of a product may not always work. 【答案】71. C 72. A 73. D 74. D 【解析】 【分析】这是一篇议论文。文章主要讲述了，我们把日常生活中很多东西拟人化是因为孤独，商家通过把产品拟人化来提高销售，但是拟人化并不总是凑效。 【71题详解】 词意猜测题。根据文章第一段最后和第二段开头But even without chatty gadgets, research suggests that under certain circumstances, people anthropomorphize everyday products. We personify things because we’re lonely.（但，研究表明即使没有可以聊天的小玩意儿，人们也会把日常用品拟人化。我们把东西拟人化是因为我们很孤独）可知，前句中的anthropomorphize和下句中的personify是同义词，personify意为“赋予…人性”，则anthropomorphize也是此意。故选C项。 【72题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章第二段的When college students were reminded of a time they’d been excluded socially, they made up by lying about their number of friends on social networks—unless they were first given tasks that caused them to interact with their phone as if it had human qualities. The phone apparently stood in for real friends.（当大学生被告知在某个时间他们是被社会排斥时，他们会通过在社交媒体上谎报朋友的数量来弥补，除非一开始给他们的任务是让他们和手机互动，就好像手机有人性。很明显手机是他们真正的朋友）可知，有了手机大学生们可以欣然接受被社会排斥，这是因为他们把手机当成了朋友，有了朋友就不再感到孤单。A. they were not lonely（他们不是孤独的）符合以上说法。故选A项。 【73题详解】 推理判断题。根据本段的中心句So how do people assign characteristics to an object? In part, we rely on looks.（那么人们如何给一个物体赋予特征呢？在某种程度上，我们依赖于外表）可知，本段陈述的例子都是为中心句服务的。D. illustrate that people will judge something according to its appearance（阐明人们会通过外表来判断某些东西）符合以上说法。故选D项。 【74题详解】 推理判断题。根据本段第一句Personifying products and brands can backfire, however.（然而，将产品和品牌拟人化也可能适得其反）可知，把产品拟人化不是总能行得通的。D. The personification of a product may not always work.（一个产品的拟人化不一定总有效）符合题意。故选D项。 (D) It is a common misconception that geology is “just” about rocks. True, geologists are trained to read what rocks tell us about Earth’s past, present and possible future structure and evolution. But, as I will explain as part of this year’s Royal Institution Christmas Lectures, geological processes and climate are closely linked. Numerous complex physical and chemical links and feedbacks exist between Earth’s surface and subsurface rocks, its atmosphere, oceans and ice caps and life in all these places. Volcanic eruptions bring carbon from deep within the planet to the surface and the air, enhancing the green-house effect. In contrast, weathering of exposed rocks at the surface and the action of shell-forming animals in the oceans remove carbon dioxide from the atmosphere, reducing global warming. The rocks and fossils (化石) in the geological record bear witness to these processes, showing us that Earth’s climate has changed continually since the planet formed around 4.6 million years ago. This same record also shows that atmospheric CO2 is at its highest level in at least the past 3 million years, and that the current pace of planetary warming is never before seen in Earth’s history. The geological record can also be used to assess the accuracy of complex numerical models used to predict future climate and its impact on Earth’s habitability. Geology has improved our understanding of global warming and hopefully will help us to reduce it. There is an irony to that, given geologists play a role in locating and exploiting climate-heating fossil fuels. Now, more than ever, our discipline needs to fully adopt the concept of “sustainable geoscience”. This isn’t a new idea and nor is it limited to climate change. The many and varied historical contributions of geology to tackling some of our greatest societal challenges can be seen by looking at the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals. To name just a couple of examples, geologists study the origin, natural transportation and behaviour of pollutants like arsenic and lead, critical to the provision of safe and reliable water supplies, and they explore the origin of natural hazards such as landslides and earthquakes, and so help strengthen communities across the world. But geologists must redouble their engagement with other scientists and politicians to develop and ultimately help apply solutions to the many environmental and resource challenges we face. Students of geology should be made aware of the broader contributions their multidisciplinary skill set can make to global well-being, beyond just energy provision — although ensuring energy supply, we should not forget, underpins many of the Sustainable Development Goals. 75. The examples of volcanic eruptions and the weathering of rocks are intended to _____. A. demonstrate what geological activities geologists mainly study B. highlight the importance of studying volcanic activity in geology C. illustrate the enormous and destructive power of geological processes D. show the dynamic interactions between geological activities and climate 76. In the sentence “There is an irony to that”, the irony refers to _____. A. the profession’s role in both causing and solving global warming B. sustainable geoscience’s unexpected popularity across various fields C. the disagreement between geological records and current climate models D. geologists’ focus on energy provision which goes against their original goal 77. Which of the following can be inferred from the passage? A. Energy supply is in critical shortage. B. Geologists are able to work across various fields. C. Pollutants spread far and wide due to modern transportation. D. Fossil fuel exploitation does not contribute to climate change. 78. What is the main point the author is making in the passage? A. Geologists primarily study rocks to understand Earth’s climate. B. Climate models are often inaccurate without the geological record. C. Geology is crucial for addressing global challenges beyond the study of rocks. D. The field of geology focuses on exploiting fossil fuels and studying climate change. 【答案】75. D 76. A 77. B 78. C 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了地质学在应对气候变化等方面也能发挥重要作用。 【75题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段中“Numerous complex physical and chemical links and feedbacks exist between Earth’s surface and subsurface rocks, its atmosphere, oceans and ice caps and life in all these places. Volcanic eruptions bring carbon from deep within the planet to the surface and the air, enhancing the green-house effect. In contrast, weathering of exposed rocks at the surface and the action of shell-forming animals in the oceans remove carbon dioxide from the atmosphere, reducing global warming.(地球表面和地下岩石、大气、海洋和冰盖以及所有这些地方的生命之间存在着许多复杂的物理和化学联系和反馈。火山爆发将地球深处的碳带到地表和空气中，增强了温室效应。相比之下，地表裸露岩石的风化和海洋中成壳动物的活动会从大气中去除二氧化碳，从而减缓全球变暖)”可知，火山爆发和岩石风化的例子旨在说明地质活动与气候之间的动态相互作用。故选D。 【76题详解】 词句猜测题。根据第四段“The geological record can also be used to assess the accuracy of complex numerical models used to predict future climate and its impact on Earth’s habitability. Geology has improved our understanding of global warming and hopefully will help us to reduce it.(地质记录还可以用来评估用于预测未来气候及其对地球宜居性影响的复杂数值模型的准确性。地质学提高了我们对全球变暖的认识，并有望帮助我们减少全球变暖)”以及倒数第三段“There is an irony to that, given geologists play a role in locating and exploiting climate-heating fossil fuels.(具有讽刺意味的是，地质学家在寻找和开采气候变暖的化石燃料方面发挥着重要作用)”可知，在“There is a irony to that”这句话中，讽刺的是这个行业在造成和解决全球变暖方面所扮演的角色。故选A。 【77题详解】 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“This isn’t a new idea and nor is it limited to climate change. The many and varied historical contributions of geology to tackling some of our greatest societal challenges can be seen by looking at the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals.(这不是一个新想法，也不局限于气候变化。通过查看联合国可持续发展目标，我们可以看到地质学在解决一些最大的社会挑战方面做出了许多不同的历史贡献)”以及最后一段“But geologists must redouble their engagement with other scientists and politicians to develop and ultimately help apply solutions to the many environmental and resource challenges we face.(但是，地质学家必须加倍与其他科学家和政治家合作，制定并最终帮助应用解决方案来应对我们面临的许多环境和资源挑战)”可知，地质学家能够在不同的领域工作。故选B。 【78题详解】 主旨大意题。根据全文内容及第一段“It is a common misconception that geology is “just” about rocks. True, geologists are trained to read what rocks tell us about Earth’s past, present and possible future structure and evolution. But, as I will explain as part of this year’s Royal Institution Christmas Lectures, geological processes and climate are closely linked.(认为地质学“只”与岩石有关是一种普遍的误解。诚然，地质学家们接受的训练是通过解读岩石来了解地球的过去、现在和可能的未来的结构和演化。但是，正如我将在今年的皇家学会圣诞讲座中解释的那样，地质过程和气候是紧密相连的)”结合文章主要说明了地质学在应对气候变化等方面也能发挥重要作用。可知，作者在文章中想表达的主要观点是地质学对于解决岩石研究以外的全球挑战至关重要。故选C。 Section B (8’) Directions: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need. What Would Happen if the World Suddenly Went Vegetarian? People become vegetarians for a variety of reasons. Some do it to make animal suffering less severe, others because they want to pursue a healthier lifestyle. Still others wish to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. ____79____ And the more who make the switch, the more those benefits would appear on a global scale. Andrew Jarvis and other experts at Colombia’s International Centre for Tropical Agriculture carried out researches to see what might happen if meat dropped off the planet’s menu overnight. First, they examined climate change. Food production accounts for one-quarter to one-third of all greenhouse gas emissions from human activities worldwide, and the worst responsibility for those numbers falls to the livestock industry. ____80____ In the US, for example, an average family of four produces more greenhouse gases because of the meat they eat than from driving two cars – but it is cars, not steaks, that regularly come up in discussions about global warming. ____81____ Of the world’s approximately 12 billion acres of agricultural land, 68% is devoted to livestock. Should we all go vegetarian, ideally we would give at least 80% of that pastureland (牧场) to the restoration of grasslands and forests, which would capture carbon and further relieve climate change. The remaining 10 to 20% of former pastureland could be used for growing more crops to fill gaps in the food supply. ____82____ That’s because one-third of the land currently used for crops is given to producing food for livestock—not for humans. A. Clear solutions already exist for reducing greenhouse gas emissions. B. Despite this, how our dietary choices affect climate change is often underestimated. C. Food, especially livestock, also takes up a lot of room. D. In developed countries, vegetarianism would bring all sorts of environmental and health benefits. E. No matter how much their meat-loving friends might deny it, vegetarians have a point: cutting out meat delivers multiple benefits. F. Though a relatively small increase in agricultural land, this would more than make up for the loss of meat. 【答案】79. E 80. B 81. C 82. F 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了如果世界上的人都吃素，会发生什么呢? 【79题详解】 根据上文“People become vegetarians for a variety of reasons. Some do it to make animal suffering, others because they want to pursue a healthier lifestyle.(人们成为素食者的原因有很多。有些人这样做是为了让动物受苦，另一些人是因为他们想追求更健康的生活方式。)”以及下文“And the more who make the switch, the more those perks would manifest on a global scale.(而且，转换的人越多，所获得的好处在全球范围内越明显。)”可知，本段讲述的是吃素食的好处。所以选择项E“No matter how much their meat-loving friends might deny it, vegetarians have a point: cutting out meat delivers multiple benefits.(不管他们的食肉朋友们有多大的拒绝，素食者有一个观点：切断肉可以带来多种好处。)”符合上下文语境。故选E。 【80题详解】 根据上文“First, they examined climate change. Food production accounts for one-quarter to one-third of all greenhouse gas emissions from human activities worldwide, and the worst responsibility for those numbers falls to the livestock industry. (首先，他们研究了气候变化。粮食生产占全世界人类活动温室气体排放量的四分之一至三分之一，而对这些排放量最坏的责任落在畜牧业身上。)”和下文“In the US, for example, an average family of four produces more greenhouse gases because of the meat they eat than from driving two cars – but it is cars, not steaks, that regularly come up in discussions about global warming.(例如，在美国，一个四口之家因食用肉类而产生的温室气体比开两辆车产生的温室气体还要多——但在有关全球变暖的讨论中，经常出现的是汽车，而不是牛排。)”可知，人们低估了饮食的选择对气候变化的影响。所以选择项B“Despite this, how our dietary choices affect climate change is often underestimated. (尽管如此，我们的饮食选择如何影响气候变化往往被低估。)”符合上下文语境。故选 B。 【81题详解】 根据下文“Of the world’s approximately 12 billion acres of agricultural land, 68% is used for livestock. Should we all go vegetarian, ideally we would give at least 80% of that pastureland (牧场) to the restoration of grasslands and forests, which would capture carbon and further relieve climate change. (在全球约120亿英亩的农业用地中，68%用于畜牧业。如果我们都成为素食主义者，理想情况下，我们将至少80%的牧场用于恢复草原和森林，这将捕获碳，进一步缓解气候变化。)” 可知，本段讲述的是用来养殖家禽家畜的土地占比太大,因此如果吃素食的话，那么这些土地可以恢复为绿地与森林进而可以缓解气候变化。所以选择项C“Food, especially livestock, also takes up a lot of room. (食物，尤其是牲畜，也占据很大的空间。)”符合上下文语境。故选 C。 【82题详解】 根据上文“The remaining 10to 20% of former pastureland could be used for growing more crops to fill gaps in the food supply.(剩下的10%到20%的以前的牧场可以用来种植更多的作物来填补粮食供应的缺口。)”以及下文“That’s because one-third of the land currently used for crops is dedicated to producing food for livestock-not for humans.(这是因为目前三分之一的农作物用地是专门为牲畜而非人类生产食物的。)”可知，空格后的句子讲述了原因,即当前1/3的土地种植的庄稼是给饲养的动物吃的。所以选择项F“Though a relatively small increase in agricultural land, this would more than make up for the loss of meat. (虽然农业用地的增加相对较小，但这足以弥补肉类的损失。)”符合上下文语境。故选F。 Ⅴ. Translation (15’ = 3’*5) Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets. 83. 这是她第一次申请奖学金出国留学。(apply) (汉译英) ___________________________________________________ 【答案】This/It is the first time (that) she has applied for a scholarship to study abroad. 【解析】 【详解】“这是……第一次……”用固定句型“This/It is the first time (that) + 现在完成时”；主语“她”译为she，谓语“申请”用动词短语apply for，在这个固定句型中用现在完成时态has applied for，宾语“奖学金”译为a scholarship，“出国留学”表示目的，译为不定式短语to study abroad，作目的状语。 84. 记得提醒经理用奖金奖励员工的辛勤工作。（remind）（汉译英） ___________________________________________________ 【答案】Remember to remind the manager to reward the employees for their hard work with bonuses. 【解析】 【详解】根据句意以及句子提示词可知，本句是祈使句，句首直接用动词原形即可。表示“记得去做还未发生的事”应为动词短语remember to do sth；表示“提醒某人做某事”应为动词短语remind sb to do sth；表示“经理”为名词the manager；表示“用奖金奖励员工的辛勤工作”应为动词短语reward the employees for their hard work with bonuses。 85. 尽管有证据，父母仍然不相信他能转入理想的专业。（convince）（汉译英） ___________________________________________________ 【答案】Despite the evidence, the parents are still not convinced that he can transfer to his ideal major. 【解析】 【详解】结合句意可知，该句应为陈述一般事实，为一般现在时。表示“尽管有证据”应为介词短语Despite the evidence；表示“父母”为名词the parents；表示“仍然”为副词still；表示“不确信”可译为be not convinced，be动词用are；后接that引导的宾语从句，在该宾语从句中，表示“能够”为情态动词can；表示“转入”应为动词短语transfer to，放在情态动词后用动词原形；表示“他的理想的专业”应为名词短语his ideal major。 86. 新成立的小组被委以重任，负责制定应对网络攻击的措施。(task) (汉译英) ___________________________________________________ 【答案】The newly-formed group was tasked with the important mission of working out measures to deal with cyber attacks. 【解析】 【详解】“新成立的小组”是主语，译为The newly-formed group；“被委以……”是谓语，用所给动词task的被动语态be tasked with，意为“被赋予……任务”，讲述过去的事情，用一般过去时态was tasked with；宾语“重任”译为the important mission；“负责制定应对网络攻击的措施”为具体任务内容，可处理为后置定语修饰名词mission，译为介词短语of working out measures to deal with cyber-attacks，其中不定式短语to deal with cyber attacks作后置定语。 87. 为了纪念这位已故科学家对科学研究的贡献，人们举行了一场盛大的仪式。(honor) (汉译英) ___________________________________________________ 【答案】1. A grand ceremony was held to honor the late scientist’s contributions to scientific research. 2. In honor of the late scientist’s contributions to scientific research, people held a grand ceremony. 【解析】 【详解】“为了纪念……”是目的状语，可译为介词短语in honor of…，其宾语“这位已故科学家对科学研究的贡献”可译为the late scientist’s contributions to scientific research；“人们举行了一场盛大的仪式”是句子主干，主语“人们”译为people，谓语“举行”用动词hold，讲述过去的事情用一般过去时态held，宾语“一场盛大的仪式”译为a grand ceremony。 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $