Unit 6 Pollution 污染（单元阅读精练）英语新教材沪教版五四学制九年级上册

**基本信息** 以“污染”主题为核心，融合语篇阅读、语言要素解析与环保观点提炼，构建“现象认知-语言突破-主题升华”的系统性训练体系，提升语言能力与环保意识。 **专项设计** |模块|题量/典例|方法提炼|知识逻辑| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |时文阅读|1篇说明文|长难句结构拆解（双宾语、多层定语从句）|从ICC项目案例切入，理解环保行动实践| |实战演练|5篇（语法选择等5题型）|阅读匹配信息定位、完形上下文逻辑分析|覆盖污染问题、解决办法等主题，对应不同语言技能考查| |语言要素|长难句3句+词汇14个|主题词汇分类记忆、复杂句式成分划分|聚焦环保核心词汇与语法结构，夯实语言基础| |主题观点|10条核心观点|环保观点归纳与表达|从污染危害到解决措施，形成完整环保认知逻辑链|

Unit 6 Pollution污染 单元阅读精练 版块 语篇 题型 体裁 词数 内容简介 时文阅读 PassageA 阅读理解 说明文 328 介绍了ICC项目 实战演练 Passage1 语法选择 说明文 220 一位英国教师辞职为受石油泄漏影响的企鹅织毛衣 Passage2 阅读匹配 应用文 316 7种应对环境问题的解决办法 Passage3 阅读理解 说明文 272 介绍了地球目前遭遇的多种环境问题 Passage4 完形填空 说明文 242 鼓励人们参加海滩清洁活动并给出了一些清洁海滩时的意见及建议 Passage5 阅读回答问题 记叙文 245 宇航员在前往火星途中回忆地球自然美景 一、破坏环境·自食恶果 1. As you sow, so shall you reap. 种瓜得瓜，种豆得豆；破坏环境终将自食苦果 2. We pay the price for our mistakes. 犯错就要付出代价 二、小事积少成多，污染/环保皆同理 1. Many a little makes a mickle. 积少成多 2. Every drop counts. 滴水皆珍贵（节水、防治水污染专用） 三、人与自然共生，守护地球 1. Take only memories, leave only footprints. 只带走回忆，只留下脚印（文明出游、杜绝垃圾污染专用） 2. The earth is not ours to waste. 地球不容我们肆意糟蹋 四、亡羊补牢，为时未晚 1. Better late than never. 迟做总比不做好 2. An ounce of prevention is worth a pound of cure. 预防胜于治理 五、集体力量治理污染 1. Many hands make light work. 众人拾柴火焰高 The International Climate Champions (ICC) project began in 2007. It gives young people of school age a chance to speak publicly on climate change and to encourage action to reduce its effects. Each country involved selects three teenagers to be Climate Champions, who take part in local and international activities. Climate Champion Irene Sanna lives on the Italian island of Sardinia. Irene is interested in solar energy, and also believes that Sardinia should use the waves around its coast to produce electricity. That would reduce the need to import oil and gas for lighting, heating and cooking. “Energy conservation is our future. We must make plans to save our coast, which still has no pollution. We must protect the animals, birds and fish in danger from global warming. And we must recycle.” Chinese student Ding Yinghan is the Beijing Climate Champion. Ding feels it is unfair to say that just one country-his own-is causing climate change. He says the air pollution that leads to global warming comes from many parts of the world, including poorer countries that are now growing more quickly. He believes the only way to prevent the situation getting even worse is for rich and poor countries to work together. Sophia Angelis, a junior student in Lake Arrowhead, California, is a US Champion. She’s against young people’s general lack of interest in politics and feels they need to discuss the problems that really matter to their generation. She has written about the need for action on poverty and her articles have been published in her local newspaper. Sophia strongly believes that climate change is an important issue for her generation. For her, changes in the way teenagers behave are an important way of influencing choices that are made by parents. In 2008, the Climate Champions attended the International Conference of Environment Ministers in the Japanese city of Kobe. At present, 13 countries are involved in the ICC, and more countries are expected to join soon. 1．Different Climate Champions are mentioned in this article except the one from ________. A．China B．Japan C．Italy D．America 2．What does Irene say about the sea? A．The water near the island is now dirty. B．Many types of fish have disappeared. C．There is oil and gas under the water. D．It can provide power for the island. 3．What does Ding believe about the climate change? A．It is certain to get much worse. B．Air pollution does not cause it. C．It is wrong to blame China for it. D．It is caused only by rich countries. 4．Sophia thinks that young people should ________. A．publish their own newspapers B．change old people’s habits C．follow the example of their parents D．avoid talking about politics 5．In which section of the newspaper can we most probably find this article? A．Health B．Environment C．Fashion D．News 6．What is the writer’s main purpose in this article? A．To give details about how to become a Climate Champion. B．To explain why the Earth’s climate is changing so quickly. C．To say what some people are doing about climate change. D．To tell people what they can do to prevent climate change. 长难句解析 原句：（第2段第1句）It gives young people of school age a chance to speak publicly on climate change and to encourage action to reduce its effects. 译文：该项目为在校青少年提供公开谈论气候变化、呼吁采取行动降低气候负面影响的机会。 分析：双宾语结构 give sb. a chance；两个并列不定式 to speak… and to encourage… 作后置定语修饰 chance；to reduce its effects 后置修饰 action。 原句：（第3段第3句）He says the air pollution that leads to global warming comes from many parts of the world, including poorer countries that are now growing more quickly. 译文：他表示，造成全球变暖的空气污染来自全球各地，其中包括当下发展速度更快的贫困国家。 分析：宾语从句嵌套两层定语从句；that leads to global warming 修饰 air pollution；that are now growing more quickly 修饰 poorer countries；including 介词短语作补充说明。 原句：（第4段第5句）For her, changes in the way teenagers behave are an important way of influencing choices that are made by parents. 译文：For her, changes in the way teenagers behave are an important way of influencing choices that are made by parents. 分析：in the way teenagers behave 省略关系词 that，定语从句修饰 way；that are made by parents 被动定语从句修饰 choices 重难词汇梳理 · climate /ˈklaɪmət/n. 气候 · champion /ˈtʃæmpiən/n. 倡导者，代表；冠军 · involve /ɪnˈvɒlv/v. 参与，包含 · solar /ˈsəʊlə(r)/adj. 太阳能的 · conservation /ˌkɒnsəˈveɪʃn/n. 节约，保护 · import /ˈɪmpɔːt/v. 进口 · recycle /ˌriːˈsaɪkl/v. 回收利用 · global /ˈɡləʊbl/adj. 全球的 · poverty /ˈpɒvəti/n. 贫穷，贫困 · conference /ˈkɒnfərəns/n. 会议，大会 · minister /ˈmɪnɪstə(r)/n. 部长，大臣 · currently /ˈkʌrəntli/adv. 目前（文中 at present 同义） · prevent /prɪˈvent/v. 阻止，防止 · issue /ˈɪʃuː/n. 议题，问题 译文 国际气候先锋项目（ICC）始于 2007 年。该项目为在校青少年提供公开探讨气候变化、呼吁采取行动减轻气候危害的平台。每个参与国选拔三名青少年担任气候先锋，参与国内外各类环保活动。 气候先锋艾琳・桑纳居住在意大利撒丁岛。艾琳对太阳能很感兴趣，她还认为撒丁岛应当利用海岸周边海浪发电。这能减少当地用于照明、供暖与烹饪的石油和天然气进口需求。“能源节约关乎我们的未来。我们必须制定方案保护尚且无污染的海岸，保护因全球变暖濒临危险的各类动物、鸟类和鱼类，同时做好资源回收。” 中国学生丁颖涵是北京气候先锋。他认为，把气候变化归咎于单一国家 —— 自己的祖国，这有失公允。他说，引发全球变暖的空气污染遍布世界各地，其中也包含当下发展速度更快的贫困国家。他坚信，避免环境持续恶化的唯一途径就是发达国家与发展中国家携手合作。 来自加利福尼亚州箭头湖的初中生索菲娅・安杰利斯是美国气候先锋。她反对当下青少年普遍对政治漠不关心的现状，认为年轻人应当讨论关乎自身这一代人的关键难题。她撰写过多篇关于应对贫困的文章，并刊登在当地报纸上。索菲娅坚定地认为，气候变化是我们这一代人必须重视的重大议题。在她看来，青少年改变自身行为，能够有效影响父母的生活选择。 2008 年，各国气候先锋前往日本神户参加国际环境部长会议。目前已有 13 个国家参与该国际气候先锋项目，预计不久后会有更多国家加入。 1. The ICC project offers teenagers a chance to speak up for environmental protection. 国际气候先锋项目为青少年提供为环保发声的机会。 2. Renewable energy like solar and wave power can cut down our need for fossil fuels. 太阳能、海浪能等可再生能源可以减少我们对化石燃料的依赖。 3. Global warming brings great danger to sea animals and coastal environment. 全球变暖给海洋生物与海岸环境带来巨大威胁。 4. All countries, rich or poor, should work together to fight climate change. 无论贫富，所有国家都应携手应对气候变化。 5. Recycling and energy conservation are simple ways to protect our planet. 回收利用与节约能源是保护地球简单可行的方式。 6. Teenagers’ daily behaviour can greatly influence their parents’ environmental choices. 青少年的日常行为能够很大程度影响父母的环保选择。 7. More young people should pay attention to environmental problems around the world. 更多青少年应当关注全球范围内的环境难题。 8. Many international activities are held to call on people to take action on climate change. 大量国际活动举办，呼吁人们为气候变化采取行动。 9. Pollution from every country contributes to the warming of the whole earth. 各国产生的污染都会加剧全球变暖。 10. It is our duty to protect the earth and leave a clean world for future generations. 保护地球、为后代留下洁净的家园是我们的责任。 Passage 1 请通读下面短文，掌握其大意，根据语法和上下文连贯的要求， 从每小题所给的三个选项中选出一个最佳答案。 A British teacher made a special decision: she left her job to make sweaters for penguins in Antarctica. Her story has become popular online. This 1 sound strange, but it’s true. She’s helping penguins influenced by oil spills (泄露). Years ago, a large oil spill near Phillip Island, Australia 2 many baby penguins to die. When penguins get oil on their feathers (羽毛), they lose 3 ability to stay warm and swim smoothly. They often try to clean the oil, but this puts them in danger. 4 the penguins, the Penguin Foundation calls on people to make special wool (毛) sweaters. These sweaters keep penguins warm and stop them 5 eating the oil. In 2001, this method saved 438 baby penguins after 6 oil spill. Over the past 20 years, people from all over the world have sent 7 than 200,000 sweaters for the penguins! Some people think the sweaters might make penguins too hot. But the sweaters are only put on the penguins for a short time, 8 people can help them clean the oil. Sweaters that don’t fit well 9 into toy penguins. Money from selling these toys helps protect other wildlife on Phillip Island. This 10 idea really shows how small acts of kindness can make a big difference! 1．A．might B．need C．should 2．A．will cause B．caused C．causes 3．A．they B．them C．their 4．A．Protect B．To protect C．Protecting 5．A．from B．with C．in 6．A．a B．an C．/ 7．A．more B．many C．the most 8．A．although B．but C．until 9．A．made B．are making C．are made 10．A．create B．creative C．creativity Passage 2 配对阅读。左栏是五种环境问题，右栏是七种应对措施。请为这五种环境问题匹配对应的措施。选项中有两项为多余项。 1 Light pollution in big cities is very serious now. It not only threatens (威胁) people’s health, but also influences the behavior of animals. 2 The increasing number of cars has worsened the air pollution. Polluted air can increase the risk of lung (肺) diseases. 3 Tropical rainforests (热带雨林) are disappearing because of farming and tree cutting. Lots of animals are losing their homes. 4 There are different kinds of wastes produced in our daily life. Many people often throw their rubbish without sorting (把……分类) them. 5 There is a lot of rubbish in the river, which makes the river smelly and dirty. A lot of fish died because of the water pollution. A．Reuse Waste. Reuse the old clothes and tools. They can be repaired and reused if you have a creative idea. B．Clean up. Help clean up rubbish in lakes, rivers and oceans. Make sure it is safe when you collect the rubbish and then put it in a nearby bin. C． Stop Cutting. Some laws are designed to stop people from cutting trees down. And it is necessary to educate local people to raise their awareness of protecting rainforests. D．Shop Locally. Shopping in your own community is helpful to reduce long-time transportation and over-packaging. It also helps support your neighbors. E. Sort Wastes. Sort different kinds of wastes and put them into different bins. This can ensure that wastes can be properly recycled. F. Reduce Unnecessary Lighting. Limit the number of lights and the time of lighting to reduce the use of unnecessary lighting. This can help to avoid light pollution. G. Use Public Transportation. Buses and subways are better choices than cars when we go out. They help reduce the air pollution and traffic jams (交通堵塞). Passage 3 Thanks to Earth, we have fresh air to breathe, clean water to drink and warm sunshine to enjoy. But it seems that we may think these things are normal and not realize that our planet is getting “sick”. Among all the environmental problems, climate change sits at the top. Global average (平均的) temperatures have risen by more than 0.5°C since 1992. A half-degree temperature rise is a big thing. It means that heat waves can last around one third longer and rainstorms will be about one third stronger. The increase in sea levels will be much higher, according to NASA．Countries like Singapore that are at low places may be covered by the ocean in the future. But this is not the only problem people are facing. It’s getting harder to get fresh water. Ocean pollution has become serious. Since 1992, the human population has grown by 2 billion, while the populations of all other animals have fallen by nearly 30 percent. Scientists say that we are experiencing the sixth huge extinction in history. More than two-thirds of the world’s wildlife could be gone by the end of the decade (十年) if action isn’t taken soon, according to the World Wildlife Fund. The Amur leopard, black rhino and Cross River gorilla are some animals that are in danger of dying out completely. However, we have made some progress by making the hole in the ozone layer smaller. That’s because we gradually stopped using chemicals that can break down ozone. This shows that when we make quick and strong decisions, we can make positive changes. 1．What may happen if global average temperatures rise by 0.5°C? A．The ocean will cover China. B．Cold waves can last a third longer. C．Sea levels will be three times higher. D．Rainstorms will be more serious. 2．What does the underlined word “extinction” probably mean? A．繁殖 B．灭绝 C．迁徙 D．进化 3．Which of the following environmental problems are mentioned in the text? ①Air pollution. ②Ocean pollution. ③Fewer animals. ④Smaller ozone layer. A．①② B．②④ C．①③ D．②③ 4．What’s the writer’s attitude (态度) to the future of our planet? A．Negative. B．Doubtful. C．Hopeful. D．Proud. 5．How have we made the hole in the ozone layer smaller? A．By the increase in sea levels. B．By gradually stopped using chemicals that can break down ozone. C．By getting the fresh water. D．By the growth of the human population 6．What’s the structure of the passage? A． B． C． D． Passage 4 As the weather warms up and summer approaches, many families around the UK will visit a beach. It’s time to admire the scenery, have long walks and play with water. To keep beaches 1 and tidy, you could also help by taking part in a beach clean. You could carefully pick up waste that 2 along the coast. Some rubbish gets washed to the beach by the sea, but sadly a lot of it is left by people who use the beach. To do a beach clean, all you need is a strong bag or large bin liner, a pair of gloves to 3 your hands. As a family, you can cover a section of the beach together and look out for objects to pick up and put in your bag. You could 4 things like bottles, drinks cans, food wrappers and plastics. These objects can harm wildlife and creatures around the beach, as well as being a 5 to people. When plastics get into the water, the wind and tides can carry them along distances and they begin to break down into tiny pieces and harm the fish, birds and animals in the sea. When you have filled a bag—or perhaps a few bags—with rubbish, it is 6 to take it home with you if you can. This helps to keep the public bins at the beach clear for others to use. At home, sort it into recyclable and non-recyclable waste. 1．A．warm B．safe C．wet D．cool 2．A．collects B．drops C．gains D．appears 3．A．hurt B．raise C．shake D．protect 4．A．dream of B．come across C．care for D．make up 5．A．sign B．partner C．danger D．reward 6．A．convenient B．honest C．hopeful D．best Passage 5 I’m sitting in my favourite spot on a hill, surrounded by trees and soft green grass. The wind gently blows, and the sun shines brightly in the early morning. It’s the perfect temperature, neither too hot nor too cold. This place brings me peace, and I feel calm. I come here whenever I can, though it’s rare now. It holds a special place in my heart, especially because I’ve always imagined visiting places where nature and ancient buildings are closely connected, like the peaceful temples hidden in the mountains. But now, the reality is different. I switched off my mask, and released electrodes (电极) from my skin. I know my time here is over. I’m in a spaceship, with artificial light, metal floors and narrow rooms — nothing like the green hills and trees I once knew. The peaceful breeze is replaced by the noise of machines. The long journey to Mars is lonely. That’s why I need some virtual (虚拟的) activities to stay calm. We are on the greatest mission of humanity, but I worry about losing what makes us human. If we reach Mars, we should do more than just build shelters—we must protect nature there, just as we should have done on Earth. If we fail, Mars will become another empty planet. Let’s not repeat the mistakes of the past. Our true strength lies in caring for our planet, not just settling in new worlds. 1．What is the writer’s favourite place? 2．Does the writer feel comfortable in the spaceship? 3．Why does the writer need some virtual activities? 4．What does the underlined phrase “the greatest mission of humanity” refer to? 5．What should humans do if they reach Mars according to the passage? 6．If you were to go on a journey to another planet, what kind of place would you want to have in your virtual activities? And why is that place important to you? 2 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 2 / 23 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit 6 Pollution污染 单元阅读精练 版块 语篇 题型 体裁 词数 内容简介 时文阅读 PassageA 阅读理解 说明文 328 介绍了ICC项目 实战演练 Passage1 语法选择 说明文 220 一位英国教师辞职为受石油泄漏影响的企鹅织毛衣 Passage2 阅读匹配 应用文 316 7种应对环境问题的解决办法 Passage3 阅读理解 说明文 272 介绍了地球目前遭遇的多种环境问题 Passage4 完形填空 说明文 242 鼓励人们参加海滩清洁活动并给出了一些清洁海滩时的意见及建议 Passage5 阅读回答问题 记叙文 245 宇航员在前往火星途中回忆地球自然美景 一、破坏环境·自食恶果 1. As you sow, so shall you reap. 种瓜得瓜，种豆得豆；破坏环境终将自食苦果 2. We pay the price for our mistakes. 犯错就要付出代价 二、小事积少成多，污染/环保皆同理 1. Many a little makes a mickle. 积少成多 2. Every drop counts. 滴水皆珍贵（节水、防治水污染专用） 三、人与自然共生，守护地球 1. Take only memories, leave only footprints. 只带走回忆，只留下脚印（文明出游、杜绝垃圾污染专用） 2. The earth is not ours to waste. 地球不容我们肆意糟蹋 四、亡羊补牢，为时未晚 1. Better late than never. 迟做总比不做好 2. An ounce of prevention is worth a pound of cure. 预防胜于治理 五、集体力量治理污染 1. Many hands make light work. 众人拾柴火焰高 The International Climate Champions (ICC) project began in 2007. It gives young people of school age a chance to speak publicly on climate change and to encourage action to reduce its effects. Each country involved selects three teenagers to be Climate Champions, who take part in local and international activities. Climate Champion Irene Sanna lives on the Italian island of Sardinia. Irene is interested in solar energy, and also believes that Sardinia should use the waves around its coast to produce electricity. That would reduce the need to import oil and gas for lighting, heating and cooking. “Energy conservation is our future. We must make plans to save our coast, which still has no pollution. We must protect the animals, birds and fish in danger from global warming. And we must recycle.” Chinese student Ding Yinghan is the Beijing Climate Champion. Ding feels it is unfair to say that just one country-his own-is causing climate change. He says the air pollution that leads to global warming comes from many parts of the world, including poorer countries that are now growing more quickly. He believes the only way to prevent the situation getting even worse is for rich and poor countries to work together. Sophia Angelis, a junior student in Lake Arrowhead, California, is a US Champion. She’s against young people’s general lack of interest in politics and feels they need to discuss the problems that really matter to their generation. She has written about the need for action on poverty and her articles have been published in her local newspaper. Sophia strongly believes that climate change is an important issue for her generation. For her, changes in the way teenagers behave are an important way of influencing choices that are made by parents. In 2008, the Climate Champions attended the International Conference of Environment Ministers in the Japanese city of Kobe. At present, 13 countries are involved in the ICC, and more countries are expected to join soon. 1．Different Climate Champions are mentioned in this article except the one from ________. A．China B．Japan C．Italy D．America 2．What does Irene say about the sea? A．The water near the island is now dirty. B．Many types of fish have disappeared. C．There is oil and gas under the water. D．It can provide power for the island. 3．What does Ding believe about the climate change? A．It is certain to get much worse. B．Air pollution does not cause it. C．It is wrong to blame China for it. D．It is caused only by rich countries. 4．Sophia thinks that young people should ________. A．publish their own newspapers B．change old people’s habits C．follow the example of their parents D．avoid talking about politics 5．In which section of the newspaper can we most probably find this article? A．Health B．Environment C．Fashion D．News 6．What is the writer’s main purpose in this article? A．To give details about how to become a Climate Champion. B．To explain why the Earth’s climate is changing so quickly. C．To say what some people are doing about climate change. D．To tell people what they can do to prevent climate change. 【答案】1．B 2．D 3．C 4．B 5．B 6．C 【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了ICC项目始于2007年，它使学龄青年有机会公开谈论气候变化问题，并鼓励采取行动减少其影响。 【详解】1．推理判断题。根据文章第二段中的“Climate Champion Irene Sanna lives on the Italian island of Sardinia”和文章第三段中的“Chinese student Ding Yinghan is the Beijing Climate Champion”以及文章第四段中的“Sophia Angelis, a junior student in Lake Arrowhead, California, is a US Champion”可知，文章提到了意大利、中国和美国的气候冠军，没有提到日本的，故选B。 2．细节理解题。根据文章第二段中的“also believes that Sardinia should use the waves around its coast to produce electricity”可知，Irene认为海浪能给小岛提供电力，故选D。 3．推理判断题。根据文章第三段中的“Ding feels it is unfair to say that just one country—his own—is causing climate change”可推知，将气候改变归咎于中国是不对的，故选C。 4．推理判断题。根据文章倒数第二段中的“For her, changes in the way teenagers behave are an important way of influencing choices that are made by parents”可推知，Sophia认为年轻人应该改变老人的习惯，故选B。 5．推理判断题。通读全文可知，文章主要讲述了ICC项目始于2007年，它使学龄青年有机会公开谈论气候变化问题，并鼓励采取行动减少其影响，属于环境主题，所以可以在报纸的环境部分看到这篇文章，故选B。 6．主旨大意题。通读全文可知，文章主要讲述了ICC项目始于2007年，它使学龄青年有机会公开谈论气候变化问题，并鼓励采取行动减少其影响，所以作者写这篇文章的目的是叙述一些人在气候变化方面做了什么，故选C。 长难句解析 原句：（第2段第1句）It gives young people of school age a chance to speak publicly on climate change and to encourage action to reduce its effects. 译文：该项目为在校青少年提供公开谈论气候变化、呼吁采取行动降低气候负面影响的机会。 分析：双宾语结构 give sb. a chance；两个并列不定式 to speak… and to encourage… 作后置定语修饰 chance；to reduce its effects 后置修饰 action。 原句：（第3段第3句）He says the air pollution that leads to global warming comes from many parts of the world, including poorer countries that are now growing more quickly. 译文：他表示，造成全球变暖的空气污染来自全球各地，其中包括当下发展速度更快的贫困国家。 分析：宾语从句嵌套两层定语从句；that leads to global warming 修饰 air pollution；that are now growing more quickly 修饰 poorer countries；including 介词短语作补充说明。 原句：（第4段第5句）For her, changes in the way teenagers behave are an important way of influencing choices that are made by parents. 译文：For her, changes in the way teenagers behave are an important way of influencing choices that are made by parents. 分析：in the way teenagers behave 省略关系词 that，定语从句修饰 way；that are made by parents 被动定语从句修饰 choices 重难词汇梳理 · climate /ˈklaɪmət/n. 气候 · champion /ˈtʃæmpiən/n. 倡导者，代表；冠军 · involve /ɪnˈvɒlv/v. 参与，包含 · solar /ˈsəʊlə(r)/adj. 太阳能的 · conservation /ˌkɒnsəˈveɪʃn/n. 节约，保护 · import /ˈɪmpɔːt/v. 进口 · recycle /ˌriːˈsaɪkl/v. 回收利用 · global /ˈɡləʊbl/adj. 全球的 · poverty /ˈpɒvəti/n. 贫穷，贫困 · conference /ˈkɒnfərəns/n. 会议，大会 · minister /ˈmɪnɪstə(r)/n. 部长，大臣 · currently /ˈkʌrəntli/adv. 目前（文中 at present 同义） · prevent /prɪˈvent/v. 阻止，防止 · issue /ˈɪʃuː/n. 议题，问题 译文 国际气候先锋项目（ICC）始于 2007 年。该项目为在校青少年提供公开探讨气候变化、呼吁采取行动减轻气候危害的平台。每个参与国选拔三名青少年担任气候先锋，参与国内外各类环保活动。 气候先锋艾琳・桑纳居住在意大利撒丁岛。艾琳对太阳能很感兴趣，她还认为撒丁岛应当利用海岸周边海浪发电。这能减少当地用于照明、供暖与烹饪的石油和天然气进口需求。“能源节约关乎我们的未来。我们必须制定方案保护尚且无污染的海岸，保护因全球变暖濒临危险的各类动物、鸟类和鱼类，同时做好资源回收。” 中国学生丁颖涵是北京气候先锋。他认为，把气候变化归咎于单一国家 —— 自己的祖国，这有失公允。他说，引发全球变暖的空气污染遍布世界各地，其中也包含当下发展速度更快的贫困国家。他坚信，避免环境持续恶化的唯一途径就是发达国家与发展中国家携手合作。 来自加利福尼亚州箭头湖的初中生索菲娅・安杰利斯是美国气候先锋。她反对当下青少年普遍对政治漠不关心的现状，认为年轻人应当讨论关乎自身这一代人的关键难题。她撰写过多篇关于应对贫困的文章，并刊登在当地报纸上。索菲娅坚定地认为，气候变化是我们这一代人必须重视的重大议题。在她看来，青少年改变自身行为，能够有效影响父母的生活选择。 2008 年，各国气候先锋前往日本神户参加国际环境部长会议。目前已有 13 个国家参与该国际气候先锋项目，预计不久后会有更多国家加入。 1. The ICC project offers teenagers a chance to speak up for environmental protection. 国际气候先锋项目为青少年提供为环保发声的机会。 2. Renewable energy like solar and wave power can cut down our need for fossil fuels. 太阳能、海浪能等可再生能源可以减少我们对化石燃料的依赖。 3. Global warming brings great danger to sea animals and coastal environment. 全球变暖给海洋生物与海岸环境带来巨大威胁。 4. All countries, rich or poor, should work together to fight climate change. 无论贫富，所有国家都应携手应对气候变化。 5. Recycling and energy conservation are simple ways to protect our planet. 回收利用与节约能源是保护地球简单可行的方式。 6. Teenagers’ daily behaviour can greatly influence their parents’ environmental choices. 青少年的日常行为能够很大程度影响父母的环保选择。 7. More young people should pay attention to environmental problems around the world. 更多青少年应当关注全球范围内的环境难题。 8. Many international activities are held to call on people to take action on climate change. 大量国际活动举办，呼吁人们为气候变化采取行动。 9. Pollution from every country contributes to the warming of the whole earth. 各国产生的污染都会加剧全球变暖。 10. It is our duty to protect the earth and leave a clean world for future generations. 保护地球、为后代留下洁净的家园是我们的责任。 Passage 1 请通读下面短文，掌握其大意，根据语法和上下文连贯的要求， 从每小题所给的三个选项中选出一个最佳答案。 A British teacher made a special decision: she left her job to make sweaters for penguins in Antarctica. Her story has become popular online. This 1 sound strange, but it’s true. She’s helping penguins influenced by oil spills (泄露). Years ago, a large oil spill near Phillip Island, Australia 2 many baby penguins to die. When penguins get oil on their feathers (羽毛), they lose 3 ability to stay warm and swim smoothly. They often try to clean the oil, but this puts them in danger. 4 the penguins, the Penguin Foundation calls on people to make special wool (毛) sweaters. These sweaters keep penguins warm and stop them 5 eating the oil. In 2001, this method saved 438 baby penguins after 6 oil spill. Over the past 20 years, people from all over the world have sent 7 than 200,000 sweaters for the penguins! Some people think the sweaters might make penguins too hot. But the sweaters are only put on the penguins for a short time, 8 people can help them clean the oil. Sweaters that don’t fit well 9 into toy penguins. Money from selling these toys helps protect other wildlife on Phillip Island. This 10 idea really shows how small acts of kindness can make a big difference! 1．A．might B．need C．should 2．A．will cause B．caused C．causes 3．A．they B．them C．their 4．A．Protect B．To protect C．Protecting 5．A．from B．with C．in 6．A．a B．an C．/ 7．A．more B．many C．the most 8．A．although B．but C．until 9．A．made B．are making C．are made 10．A．create B．creative C．creativity 【答案】1．A 2．B 3．C 4．B 5．A 6．B 7．A 8．C 9．C 10．B 【导语】本文讲述了一位英国教师辞职为受石油泄漏影响的企鹅织毛衣的故事，展示了小小的善举也能产生巨大影响。 【详解】1．句意：这听起来可能很奇怪，但这是真的。 根据“but it’s true”可知，此处表示推测语气，might“也许，可能”符合语境。need需要，should应该均语义不符。 2．句意：多年前，澳大利亚菲利普岛附近的一次大型石油泄漏导致许多企鹅宝宝死亡。 根据时间状语“Years ago”可知，句子应用一般过去时，caused符合时态；will cause一般将来时，causes一般现在时均语法不符。 3．句意：当企鹅羽毛沾上油时，它们失去保持温暖和顺畅游泳的能力。 此处修饰名词ability，需用形容词性物主代词their；they主格，them宾格均语法不符。 4．句意：为了保护企鹅，企鹅基金会呼吁人们制作特殊的羊毛衫。 此处位于句首，表示目的，应该用动词不定式，To protect符合逻辑；Protect动词原形、Protecting动名词均不能作目的状语。 5．句意：毛衣能保暖，还能防止企鹅吞食油污。 stop sb from doing sth是固定搭配，意为“阻止某人做某事”，介词from为固定搭配；with、in不适用该短语。 6．句意：2001年，这种方法在一次石油泄漏事故后拯救了438只企鹅宝宝。 oil 以元音音素开头，且此处泛指一次泄漏，用不定冠词an；a用于辅音音素单词前，零冠词不符合单数名词用法。 7．句意：在过去的20多年里，世界各地的人们已经发送了超过20万件毛衣！ 固定搭配more than意为“超过”；many不能和than连用，the most是最高级，此处无比较对象，均语法不符。 8．句意：毛衣只给企鹅穿很短时间，直到人们能帮它们清理油污。 穿毛衣的状态持续到清理油污时结束，until“直到……”符合逻辑；although虽然，but但是逻辑不符。 9．句意：不合身的毛衣被做成玩具企鹅。 主语Sweaters与make之间是被动关系，且陈述客观事实，用一般现在时的被动语态，are made符合语法；made缺少be动词，are making主动语态均语法不符。 10．句意：这个创造性的想法真的展示了小小的善举能产生巨大影响！ 此处是形容词修饰名词idea，creative“有创意的”符合；create创造，creativity创造力均词性不符。 Passage 2 配对阅读。左栏是五种环境问题，右栏是七种应对措施。请为这五种环境问题匹配对应的措施。选项中有两项为多余项。 1 Light pollution in big cities is very serious now. It not only threatens (威胁) people’s health, but also influences the behavior of animals. 2 The increasing number of cars has worsened the air pollution. Polluted air can increase the risk of lung (肺) diseases. 3 Tropical rainforests (热带雨林) are disappearing because of farming and tree cutting. Lots of animals are losing their homes. 4 There are different kinds of wastes produced in our daily life. Many people often throw their rubbish without sorting (把……分类) them. 5 There is a lot of rubbish in the river, which makes the river smelly and dirty. A lot of fish died because of the water pollution. A．Reuse Waste. Reuse the old clothes and tools. They can be repaired and reused if you have a creative idea. B．Clean up. Help clean up rubbish in lakes, rivers and oceans. Make sure it is safe when you collect the rubbish and then put it in a nearby bin. C． Stop Cutting. Some laws are designed to stop people from cutting trees down. And it is necessary to educate local people to raise their awareness of protecting rainforests. D．Shop Locally. Shopping in your own community is helpful to reduce long-time transportation and over-packaging. It also helps support your neighbors. E. Sort Wastes. Sort different kinds of wastes and put them into different bins. This can ensure that wastes can be properly recycled. F. Reduce Unnecessary Lighting. Limit the number of lights and the time of lighting to reduce the use of unnecessary lighting. This can help to avoid light pollution. G. Use Public Transportation. Buses and subways are better choices than cars when we go out. They help reduce the air pollution and traffic jams (交通堵塞). 【答案】1．F 2．G 3．C 4．E 5．B 【导语】左栏列举了5种环境问题，右栏提供了7种应对措施，需要为每种环境问题匹配合适的解决办法。 【详解】1．“Light pollution in big cities is very serious now.”表明大城市的光污染很严重，对应的措施应与“减少光污染”相关。选项F“Reduce Unnecessary Lighting. Limit the number of lights and the time of lighting to reduce the use of unnecessary lighting. This can help to avoid light pollution.”与“光污染”匹配。 2．“The increasing number of cars has worsened the air pollution.”表明汽车数量的增加加剧了空气污染，对应的措施应与“减少汽车尾气、降低空气污染”相关。选项G“Use Public Transportation. Buses and subways are better choices than cars when we go out. They help reduce the air pollution and traffic jams.”与“汽车导致的空气污染”匹配。 3．“Tropical rainforests are disappearing because of farming and tree cutting.”表明由于农耕和砍伐树木，热带雨林正在消失，对应的措施应与“保护热带雨林、禁止乱砍滥伐”相关。选项C“Stop Cutting. Some laws are designed to stop people from cutting trees down. And it is necessary to educate local people to raise their awareness of protecting rainforests.”与“热带雨林被砍伐”匹配。 4．“There are different kinds of wastes produced in our daily life. Many people often throw their rubbish without sorting them.”表明日常生活中会产生不同种类的垃圾，很多人不分类就乱扔，对应的措施应与“垃圾分类”相关。选项E“Sort Wastes. Sort different kinds of wastes and put them into different bins. This can ensure that wastes can be properly recycled.”与“垃圾不分类”匹配。 5．“There is a lot of rubbish in the river, which makes the river smelly and dirty. A lot of fish died because of the water pollution.”表明河里有很多垃圾，导致河水又臭又脏，很多鱼因水污染死亡，对应的措施应与“清理河流垃圾、保护水体”相关。选项B“Clean up. Help clean up rubbish in lakes, rivers and oceans. Make sure it is safe when you collect the rubbish and then put it in a nearby bin.”与“河流垃圾污染”匹配。 Passage 3 Thanks to Earth, we have fresh air to breathe, clean water to drink and warm sunshine to enjoy. But it seems that we may think these things are normal and not realize that our planet is getting “sick”. Among all the environmental problems, climate change sits at the top. Global average (平均的) temperatures have risen by more than 0.5°C since 1992. A half-degree temperature rise is a big thing. It means that heat waves can last around one third longer and rainstorms will be about one third stronger. The increase in sea levels will be much higher, according to NASA．Countries like Singapore that are at low places may be covered by the ocean in the future. But this is not the only problem people are facing. It’s getting harder to get fresh water. Ocean pollution has become serious. Since 1992, the human population has grown by 2 billion, while the populations of all other animals have fallen by nearly 30 percent. Scientists say that we are experiencing the sixth huge extinction in history. More than two-thirds of the world’s wildlife could be gone by the end of the decade (十年) if action isn’t taken soon, according to the World Wildlife Fund. The Amur leopard, black rhino and Cross River gorilla are some animals that are in danger of dying out completely. However, we have made some progress by making the hole in the ozone layer smaller. That’s because we gradually stopped using chemicals that can break down ozone. This shows that when we make quick and strong decisions, we can make positive changes. 1．What may happen if global average temperatures rise by 0.5°C? A．The ocean will cover China. B．Cold waves can last a third longer. C．Sea levels will be three times higher. D．Rainstorms will be more serious. 2．What does the underlined word “extinction” probably mean? A．繁殖 B．灭绝 C．迁徙 D．进化 3．Which of the following environmental problems are mentioned in the text? ①Air pollution. ②Ocean pollution. ③Fewer animals. ④Smaller ozone layer. A．①② B．②④ C．①③ D．②③ 4．What’s the writer’s attitude (态度) to the future of our planet? A．Negative. B．Doubtful. C．Hopeful. D．Proud. 5．How have we made the hole in the ozone layer smaller? A．By the increase in sea levels. B．By gradually stopped using chemicals that can break down ozone. C．By getting the fresh water. D．By the growth of the human population 6．What’s the structure of the passage? A． B． C． D． 【答案】1．D 2．B 3．D 4．C 5．B 6．A 【导语】本文主要介绍了地球上的环境问题。 【详解】1．细节理解题。根据“A half-degree temperature rise is a big thing. It means that heat waves can last around one third longer and rainstorms will be about one third stronger.”可知，气温上升半度是件大事，这意味着热浪持续时间会延长大约三分之一，暴雨将增强大约三分之一。故选D。 2．词句猜测题。根据“More than two-thirds of the world’s wildlife could be gone by the end of the decade (十年) if action isn’t taken soon, according to the World Wildlife Fund.”可知，据世界野生动物基金会称，如果不尽快采取行动，到本十年末，世界上超过三分之二的野生动物可能会消失。由此可知，这里划线单词“extinction”应该表示“灭绝”，故选B。 3．细节理解题。根据“Ocean pollution has become serious”和“More than two-thirds of the world’s wildlife could be gone by the end of the decade (十年) if action isn’t taken soon, according to the World Wildlife Fund. ”可知，文章提到了海洋污染以及数量更少的动物，故选D。 4．观点态度题。根据“This shows that when we make quick and strong decisions, we can make positive changes.”可知，当我们做出迅速而有力的决定时，我们可以做出积极的改变。据此可以看出作者是充满希望的，故选C。 5．细节理解题。根据“However, we have made some progress by making the hole in the ozone layer smaller. That’s because we gradually stopped using chemicals that can break down ozone.”可知，我们通过逐渐停止使用可以分解臭氧的化学物质去使得臭氧层上的空洞变小了。故选B。 6．篇章结构题。文章第一段讲述了介绍了我们的星球正在“生病”；第二段到第四段介绍了地球出现的问题；第五段介绍人类在保护环境上取得了一些进展；第六段总结全文。所以文章结构如A选项所示。故选A。 Passage 4 As the weather warms up and summer approaches, many families around the UK will visit a beach. It’s time to admire the scenery, have long walks and play with water. To keep beaches 1 and tidy, you could also help by taking part in a beach clean. You could carefully pick up waste that 2 along the coast. Some rubbish gets washed to the beach by the sea, but sadly a lot of it is left by people who use the beach. To do a beach clean, all you need is a strong bag or large bin liner, a pair of gloves to 3 your hands. As a family, you can cover a section of the beach together and look out for objects to pick up and put in your bag. You could 4 things like bottles, drinks cans, food wrappers and plastics. These objects can harm wildlife and creatures around the beach, as well as being a 5 to people. When plastics get into the water, the wind and tides can carry them along distances and they begin to break down into tiny pieces and harm the fish, birds and animals in the sea. When you have filled a bag—or perhaps a few bags—with rubbish, it is 6 to take it home with you if you can. This helps to keep the public bins at the beach clear for others to use. At home, sort it into recyclable and non-recyclable waste. 1．A．warm B．safe C．wet D．cool 2．A．collects B．drops C．gains D．appears 3．A．hurt B．raise C．shake D．protect 4．A．dream of B．come across C．care for D．make up 5．A．sign B．partner C．danger D．reward 6．A．convenient B．honest C．hopeful D．best 【答案】1．B 2．D 3．D 4．B 5．C 6．D 【分析】本文是一篇说明文，作者鼓励人们参加海滩清洁活动并给出了一些清洁海滩时的意见及建议。 【详解】1．句意：为了保持海滩的安全和整洁，你还可以参加海滩清洁活动。 warm温暖的；safe安全的；wet湿的；cool凉的。根据下文“These objects can harm wildlife and creatures around the beach, as well as being a danger to people”可知，参加海滩清洁活动的目的是为了保持海滩的安全和整洁。故选B。 2．句意：你可以小心地捡起出现在沿海岸的垃圾。 collects收集；drops掉落；gains获得；appears出现。根据下文“Some rubbish gets washed to the beach by the sea, but sadly a lot of it is left by people who use the beach”并结合选项可知，这些垃圾出现在沿海岸。故选D。 3．句意：要清洁海滩，你只需要一个结实的袋子或大的垃圾塑料袋，一副手套来保护你的手。 hurt伤害；raise举起；shake摇；protect保护。根据前后文“gloves”和“your hands”可知，戴手套是为了保护自己的手。故选D。 4．句意：你可能会遇到瓶子、饮料罐、食品包装纸和塑料等东西。 dream of梦见；come across遇见；care for关心；make up编造。根据下文“These objects can harm wildlife and creatures around the beach, as well as being a danger to people”可知，此处在说可能会遇到的物品类型。故选B。 5．句意：这些物体会伤害海滩周围的野生动物和生物，也会对人构成威胁。 sign签名；partner搭档；danger危险；reward奖励。根据下文“These objects can harm wildlife and creatures around the beach, as well as”可知，这些垃圾不仅会伤害海滩周围的野生动物和生物，也会对人构成危险。故选C。 6．句意：当你用垃圾袋装满一袋或者几袋垃圾时，如果可以的话，最好把它带回家。 convenient方便的；honest诚实的；hopeful有希望的；best最好的。根据下文“This helps to keep the public bins at the beach clear for others to use”可知，把垃圾带回家是最好的办法。故选D。 Passage 5 I’m sitting in my favourite spot on a hill, surrounded by trees and soft green grass. The wind gently blows, and the sun shines brightly in the early morning. It’s the perfect temperature, neither too hot nor too cold. This place brings me peace, and I feel calm. I come here whenever I can, though it’s rare now. It holds a special place in my heart, especially because I’ve always imagined visiting places where nature and ancient buildings are closely connected, like the peaceful temples hidden in the mountains. But now, the reality is different. I switched off my mask, and released electrodes (电极) from my skin. I know my time here is over. I’m in a spaceship, with artificial light, metal floors and narrow rooms — nothing like the green hills and trees I once knew. The peaceful breeze is replaced by the noise of machines. The long journey to Mars is lonely. That’s why I need some virtual (虚拟的) activities to stay calm. We are on the greatest mission of humanity, but I worry about losing what makes us human. If we reach Mars, we should do more than just build shelters—we must protect nature there, just as we should have done on Earth. If we fail, Mars will become another empty planet. Let’s not repeat the mistakes of the past. Our true strength lies in caring for our planet, not just settling in new worlds. 1．What is the writer’s favourite place? 2．Does the writer feel comfortable in the spaceship? 3．Why does the writer need some virtual activities? 4．What does the underlined phrase “the greatest mission of humanity” refer to? 5．What should humans do if they reach Mars according to the passage? 6．If you were to go on a journey to another planet, what kind of place would you want to have in your virtual activities? And why is that place important to you? 【答案】1．A hill/A spot on a hill surrounded by trees and soft green grass. 2．No, he/she doesn’t. 3．Because the long journey to Mars is lonely and he/she needs to stay calm./Because he/she needs to stay calm during the long and lonely journey to Mars. 4．It refers to “travelling to and settling on Mars”. 5．The writer believes humans should do more than just build shelters and should protect nature on Mars. 6．Any reasonable answer is ok. Answer Example: I would want a virtual place. That’s a quiet library filled with my favorite books and a small garden with flowers. Because books and nature remind me of the curiosity and love for beauty that make me human. Such a place would help me feel connected to my emotions and memories, just like the hill does for the writer, even when I’m far away in space. I would want a virtual version of my hometown’s park. It has a lake where I used to feed ducks and a tree I climbed as a kid. This place is important because it holds my childhood memories and makes me feel connected to who I am, even in space. 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，通过宇航员在前往火星途中对地球自然美景的回忆与现实飞船环境的对比，表达了对人类破坏自然的反思，呼吁在开发新星球时珍视和保护自然环境。 【详解】1．根据“I’m sitting in my favourite spot on a hill, surrounded by trees and soft green grass.”可知，作者最喜欢的地方是山上一个被树木和青草环绕的地方，故填A hill/A spot on a hill surrounded by trees and soft green grass. 2．根据“I’m in a spaceship, with artificial light, metal floors and narrow rooms—nothing like the green hills and trees I once knew. The peaceful breeze is replaced by the noise of machines. The long journey to Mars is lonely.”可知，作者在飞船里感觉不舒服，故填No, he/she doesn’t. 3．根据“The long journey to Mars is lonely. That’s why I need some virtual (虚拟的) activities to stay calm.”可知，作者需要虚拟活动是因为火星之旅漫长且孤独，以此保持平静，故填Because the long journey to Mars is lonely and he/she needs to stay calm./Because he/she needs to stay calm during the long and lonely journey to Mars. 4．根据“The long journey to Mars is lonely.”和“If we reach Mars, we should do more than just build shelters”可知，“人类最伟大的使命”指的是前往火星的旅程并定居在那里，故填It refers to “travelling to and settling on Mars”. 5．根据“If we reach Mars, we should do more than just build shelters—we must protect nature there, just as we should have done on Earth.”可知，作者认为人类到达火星后不仅要建庇护所，还要保护那里的自然，故填The writer believes humans should do more than just build shelters and should protect nature on Mars. 6．Any reasonable answer is ok. Answer Example: I would want a virtual place. That’s a quiet library filled with my favorite books and a small garden with flowers. Because books and nature remind me of the curiosity and love for beauty that make me human. Such a place would help me feel connected to my emotions and memories, just like the hill does for the writer, even when I’m far away in space./I would want a virtual version of my hometown’s park. It has a lake where I used to feed ducks and a tree I climbed as a kid. This place is important because it holds my childhood memories and makes me feel connected to who I am, even in space. 2 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 2 / 23 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $