专题12 构词法（专项训练）（全国通用）2027年高考英语一轮复习讲练测

**基本信息** 以构词法为核心，通过基础-重难-真题三级进阶，系统训练派生、转化、合成词用法，强化语境中词形转换能力，提升语言运用与文化理解素养。 **专项设计** |模块|题量/典例|方法提炼|知识逻辑| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |模拟·基础演练|30词形转换+25单词拼写|聚焦派生构词法（前缀/后缀）、转化法，强化词形变化规则|从单一词形转换到简单语境拼写，构建构词基础框架| |重难·创新演练|21词形填空+5语篇语法填空|结合新情境（传统艺术/科技），训练合成词与语境化词形应用|从孤立词形到语篇连贯，提升复杂语境构词运用能力| |真题·实战演练|17单句填空+28词义推测|提炼高考高频构词考点（派生转化为主），训练词义推断技巧|对接高考命题趋势，实现从知识到应试能力的转化|

专题12 构词法 目 录 模拟·基础演练 1 重难·创新演练 7 真题·实战演练 13 模拟·基础演练 考查重点：熟悉派生构词法，常用前缀的用法，常用后缀的用法，掌握词的转化法，熟悉合成词的用法，在语境中填出词的正确的形式 一、词形转换填空 1．pleasant adj.令人愉快的；友好的→ vt.(使)高兴；(使)满意→ adj.高兴的；满意的→ adj.令人愉快的→ n. 快乐；乐趣 2．elegant adj. 精美的；讲究的；文雅的→ n. 优雅;端庄→ adv. 精美地；讲究地；文雅地 3．exceptional adj. 特别的；罕见的→ n. 例外；例外的人/事→ prep. 除……外 4．stable adj. 稳定的；稳重的→ adv. 稳定地；平稳地 5．modest adj. 些许的；谦虚的；朴素的→ n. 谦虚；朴素 6．freeze vi.& vt.(froze，frozen) 结冰；(使)冻住→ adj.极冷的；冰冻的→ adj.结冰的；冻僵的；冷冻的 7．electric adj.电的；用电的；电动的→ adj.与电有关的→ n. 电；电学 8．assistant  n.助理；助手→ vt.帮助；协助→ n.帮助；协助；援助 9．gifted  adj.有天赋的；有天才的；天资聪慧的→ n.礼物；天赋 10．challenge [n.] & [vt.] 挑战；质疑→ [adj.] 挑战性的 11．responsible [adj.] 有责任，负责；可靠的→ (反义词)→ [n.] 责任，职责 12．independent [adj.] 自主的，有主见的；自立的→ (反义词)→ [n.] 独立，自主→ (反义词) 13．technique [n.] 技巧，技艺；技能→ [adj.] 技术的，技能的→ [n.] 科技 14．contribution [n.] 贡献；捐款；捐赠→ [vi.] & [vt.] 做贡献；捐献；促成 15．fortunately [adv.] 幸运地，幸亏→ (反义词)→ [adj.] 幸运的→ [n.] 运气；巨款；命运 16．curiosity [n.]好奇心，求知欲；奇物，珍品→ [adj.]好奇的 17．politics [n.]政治，政治事务；(个人的)政治观点，政见→ [adj.]政治的；政党的 → [n.]政治家 18．memorable [adj.]难忘的，值得纪念的→ [n.]记忆力→ [vt.]记住 19．absorb [vt.]理解，掌握；吸收；吸引全部注意力→ [n.]吸收；专注 20．amuse [vt.] (提供)消遣；逗笑→ [adj.]被逗乐的，觉得好笑的→ [adj.]逗乐的，有乐趣的→ [n.]愉悦；娱乐活动 21．analyze [vt.]分析→ [n.]分析→ (复数) 22．severe [adj.]十分严重的，极为恶劣的；严厉的；艰难的→ [adv.]严重地→ [n.]严重性，严峻 23．anxiety [n.]焦虑；担心；渴望→ [adj.]焦虑的，担心的 24．explode v.突然增加 → ________________ n.突增，激增，爆炸 → ________________ adj.易爆炸的 25．inspire v. 激发；鼓舞；启示→________adj. 鼓舞人心的，启发灵感的→________n. 灵感，鼓舞人心的人或事→________adj. 受启发的 26．luckily adv. 幸运地；幸亏→________ adj. 幸运的→________ n. 运气 27．recognize v. 认出；识别；承认→________n. 认识，识别；承认，认可→________adj. 可识别的；可认识的；可承认的→________adj. 难以辨认的，无法识别的 28．strong adj. 强壮的→________n. 强烈程度；力量；长处→________v. 加强 29．organize v. 组织；安排；规划→________n. 组织者→________adj. 组织混乱的，杂乱无章的→________adj. 有组织的，有条理的→________n. 组织；机构；团体→________adj. 组织的 30．convenient adj. 方便的，便利的→________adv. 方便地；顺利地→________n. 方便，便利→________adj. 不方便的；麻烦的→________n. 不便 【答案与解析】 1．pleasant是形容词，意为“令人愉快的；友好的”；please是其动词，意为“(使)高兴；(使)满意”；pleased是其同根形容词，意为“高兴的；满意的”；pleasing也是其同根形容词，意为“令人愉快的”；pleasure是其名词，意为“快乐；乐趣”。故填please；pleased；pleasing；pleasure。 2．elegant“精美的；讲究的；文雅的”，形容词，其名词形式是elegance“优雅；端庄”，其副词形式为elegantly“精美地；讲究地；文雅地”。故答案是①elegance②elegantly。 3．exceptional“特别的；罕见的”，形容词，其名词形式是exception“例外；例外的人/事”，其介词形式为except“除……外”。故答案是①exception②except。 4．stable“稳定的；稳重的”，形容词，其副词形式为stably“稳定地；平稳地”。故答案是stably。 5．modest“些许的；谦虚的；朴素的”，形容词，其名词形式是modesty“谦虚；朴素”。故答案是modesty。 6．freeze是动词，意为“结冰；(使)冻住”；freezing是其形容词，意为“极冷的；冰冻的”；frozen也是其形容词，意为“结冰的；冻僵的；冷冻的”。故填freezing；frozen。 7．electric，形容词，汉语含义为“电的；用电的；电动的”，其形容词含义为“与电有关的”，英文表达为“electrical”，其名词含义为“电；电学”，英文表达为“electricity”，故答题空1填electrical；答题空2填electricity。 8．“assistant”为名词，意为“助理；助手”，其动词形式为“assist”，意为“帮助；协助”；其名词形式为“assistance”，意为“帮助；协助；援助”。故答案为：①assist；②assistance 9．“gifted”为形容词，意为“有天赋的；有天才的；天资聪慧的”，其名词形式为“gift”，意为“礼物；天赋”。故答案为：gift。 10．challenge“挑战；质疑”，名词或动词，其形容词形式为challenging“挑战性的”，故答案为challenging。 11．responsible“有责任，负责；可靠的”为形容词，其反义词为irresponsible“不负责任的”；其名词形式为responsibility“责任，职责”。故答案为①irresponsible②responsibility。 12．independent“自主的，有主见的；自立的”为形容词，其反义词为dependent“依赖的”；其名词形式为independence“独立，自主”；其名词的反义词为dependence“依赖，依靠”。故答案为①dependent②independence③dependence。 13．technique“技巧，技艺；技能”为名词；其形容词的形式为technical“技术的，技能的”；其名词的形式为technology“科技”。故答案为①technical②technology。 14．contribution“贡献；捐款；捐赠”为名词；其动词的形式为contribute“做贡献；捐献；促成”。故答案为contribute。 15．fortunately“幸运地，幸亏”为副词；其反义词的形式为unfortunately“不幸地”；其形容词的形式为fortunate“幸运的”；其名词的形式为fortune“运气；巨款；命运”。故答案为①unfortunately ②fortunate③fortune。 16．考查形容词。curiosity意为“好奇心，求知欲；奇物，珍品”；表示“好奇的”用形容词curious。故填：curious。 17．考查形容词和名词。politics为名词，意为“政治，政治事务；(个人的)政治观点，政见”；表示“政治的；政党的”用形容词political；表示“政治家”用politician。故填：political；politician。 18．考查名词和动词。表示“难忘的，值得纪念的”用形容词memorable，其名词为memory“记忆力”，其动词为memorize“记住”。故填：memory；memorize。 19．考查名词。absorb为动词，表示“理解，掌握；吸收；吸引全部注意力”，其名词为absorption“吸收；专注”。故填：absorption。 20．考查形容词和名词。amuse为动词表示“(提供)消遣；逗笑”，其形容词为amused 意为“被逗乐的，觉得好笑的”；另一个形容词为amusing，意为“逗乐的，有乐趣的”，其名词为amusement，意为“愉悦；娱乐活动”。故填：amused；amusing；amusement。 21．考查词性转换。动词“analyze”的名词形式是analysis意为“分析”，复数形式是analyses。故填①analysis，②analyses。 22．severe [adj.]十分严重的，极为恶劣的；严厉的；艰难的，其副词形式是severely“严重地”；其名词形式是severity“严重性，严峻”，故答案分别是severely； severity。 23．anxiety [n.]焦虑；担心；渴望，其形容词形式是anxious“焦虑的，担心的”，故答案是anxious。 24．考查词性转换。动词explode意为“突然增加”；“explosion”意为“突增，激增，爆炸”，名词词性；“explosive”意为“易爆炸的”，形容词词性。故填：explosion；explosive。 25．inspire意为“激发；鼓舞；启示”，词性为动词，其形容词形式为inspiring“鼓舞人心的，启发灵感的”，其名词形式为inspiration“灵感，鼓舞人心的人或事”，其形容词“受启发的”形式为inspired。故填①inspiring②inspiration③inspired。 26．luckily意为“幸运地；幸亏”，词性为副词，其形容词形式为lucky“幸运的”，其名词形式为luck“运气”。故填①lucky②luck。 27．“recognize认出；识别；承认”的名词“认识，识别；承认，认可”英文是recognition；形容词“可识别的；可认识的；可承认的”英文为recognizable；形容词“难以辨认的，无法识别的”英文是unrecognizable，故填①recognition；②recognizable；③unrecognizable。 28．“strong强壮的”的名词“强烈程度；力量；长处”英文是strength；动词“加强”英文为strengthen，故填①strength；②strengthen。 29．动词organize 意为“组织；安排；规划”，其表示“组织者”的名词为organizer；表示“组织混乱的，杂乱无章的”形容词为disorganized；表示“有组织的，有条理的”形容词为organized；表示“组织；机构；团体”的名词为organization；表示“组织的”形容词为organizational。故填①organizer②disorganized③organized④organization⑤organizational。 30．形容词convenient 意为“方便的，便利的”，其副词“方便地；顺利地”为conveniently；其名词“方便，便利”为convenience；表示“不方便的；麻烦的”形容词为inconvenient；其名词“不便”为inconvenience。故填①conveniently②convenience③inconvenient④inconvenience。 二、单词拼写 1．__________ (环保人士) are calling for a complete ban on single-use plastics. 【答案】Environmentalists 【解析】句意：环保人士呼吁全面禁止一次性塑料制品。根据汉语提示“环保人士”可知，此处为名词environmentalist，后文be动词为are，主语需用复数名词environmentalists，位于句首，首字母大写。 2．Humans and animals should __________ (共存) on this planet peacefully. 【答案】coexist 【解析】句意：人类与动物应当在这颗星球上和平共存。根据汉语提示“共存”，用动词coexist，情态动词should后接动词原形。 3．__________ (可持续发展的) practices are essential for our planet’s future. 【答案】Sustainable 【解析】句意：可持续发展的举措对地球的未来至关重要。空格后为名词practices，需用形容词作定语，表示“可持续发展的”为sustainable，句首单词首字母大写。 4．Many __________ (濒危的) species are protected by international laws. 【答案】endangered 【解析】句意：许多濒危物种都受到国际法律的保护。根据汉语提示“濒危的”，用形容词endangered作定语修饰species，表示“濒危物种”，符合语境。 5．________ (过度捕捞) has reduced fish stocks in many oceans significantly. 【答案】Overfishing 【解析】句意：过度捕捞已显著减少了许多海洋中的鱼类资源。“过度捕捞”应用名词overfishing，是不可数名词，作主语，且句首单词的首字母需大写。 6．__________ (滥砍滥伐) is one of the main causes of climate change. 【答案】Deforestation 【解析】句意：滥砍滥伐是造成气候变化的主要原因之一。空格处在句首作主语，表示“滥砍滥伐”，用名词deforestation，是不可数名词。 7．Regardless of their ___________ (不喜欢), I kept on planting my garden. 【答案】dislike 【解析】句意：尽管他们不喜欢，我还是继续种植我的花园。空处作宾语，名词dislike“不喜欢”符合题意。 8．When your hands get injured, you cannot carry something ____________ (灵活). 【答案】flexibly 【解析】句意：当你手受伤了，你就不能灵活搬动物品。根据汉语提示“灵活”以及“cannot carry”可知，此空是副词flexibly，作状语。 9．In the event of an ________ (紧急情况), passengers should follow the instructions of the crew and remain calm at all times. 【答案】emergency 【解析】句意：在紧急情况下，乘客应听从机组人员的指示，并始终保持冷静。“紧急情况”应用名词emergency，作of的宾语，且空前有不定冠词an，emergency应用单数形式。 10．The new position invested her with a good deal of .(责任) 【答案】responsibility 【解析】考查名词。句意：新职位赋予她很大的责任。a good deal of跟名词，“责任”的名词是responsibility，是不可数名词，故填responsibility。 11．I thought this vast wave of food was the total number of dishes to be served, and I started eating (贪婪地). 【答案】greedily 【解析】考查副词。句意：我以为这一大堆食物就是要上的菜的总量，于是我开始贪婪地吃起来。根据汉语提示，这里应用副词greedily，修饰动词eating。故填greedily。 12．Going into hospital can be very (令人害怕的) for a child. 【答案】frightening 【解析】考查形容词。句意：对一个孩子来说，去医院是件很可怕的事。根据Going into hospital可知，此处形容一件事，应用-ing结尾的形容词，由汉语提示和can be可知，表示“令人害怕的”应用形容词frightening，作表语。故填frightening。 13．The recent ________ (突破) in gene editing could potentially cure many genetic disorders. 【答案】breakthrough 【解析】句意：基因编辑领域最近的突破可能潜在地治愈许多遗传疾病。根据汉语提示“突破”可知，本空用名词breakthrough，作主语，此处特指在基因领域最近的那项突破，用单数形式。 14．Hobbies are thought to be not only relaxing, but also good for people to develop their _____ (个性). 【答案】personalities 【解析】句意：爱好不仅被认为能让人放松，而且有助于人们发展他们的个性。根据汉语提示“个性”可知，用名词personality，根据their可知，用复数形式，作宾语。 15．Rapid __________ (城市化) has brought both opportunities and challenges to many developing countries. 【答案】urbanization 【解析】句意：快速城市化给许多发展中国家带来了机遇与挑战。根据汉语提示“城市化”可知，空处应用名词urbanization，在句中作主语。 16．Through ________ (勤奋), she mastered the piano after years of practice. 【答案】diligence 【解析】句意：通过勤奋，她在数年练习之后掌握了钢琴。作介词through的宾语，名词diligence“勤奋”符合题意，不可数。 17．________ (毅力) allows you to keep trying even after repeated failures. 【答案】Perseverance 【解析】句意：毅力使你即便历经数次失败仍能不断尝试。空处作主语，名词perseverance“毅力”符合，不可数，位语句首首字母应大写。 18．She is ________ (意志坚强的) enough to overcome any obstacle. 【答案】strong-willed 【解析】句意：她意志足够坚强去克服任何障碍。空处作表语，形容词strong-willed“意志坚强的”符合题意。 19．He wishes the government would be more (关注的) to details in their response. 【答案】attentive 【解析】考查形容词。句意：他希望政府在回应时更注意细节。根据汉语提示可知，attentive关注的，形容词，在句中作表语，故填attentive。 20．Please be patient, for this is a slow (积累)of experience and knowledge. 【答案】accumulation 【解析】考查名词。句意：请耐心一点，因为这是经验和知识的缓慢积累。根据汉语提示可知应填名词accumulation，作表语，不定冠词提示用单数。故填accumulation。 21．His action had been greeted with almost universal (反对) and he was so discouraged. 【答案】disapproval 【解析】考查名词。句意：他的行动遭到了几乎所有人的反对，他非常沮丧。根据汉语提示可知应填名词disapproval，作宾语，不可数。故填disapproval。 22．We are what we eat. A good diet is (有益于) to health. 【答案】beneficial 【解析】考查形容词。句意：人如其食。良好的饮食有利于健康。根据汉语提示可知应填形容词beneficial，“有益的，有好处的”，作表语，构成短语be beneficial to，意为“有益于”。故填beneficial。 23．There has been very little renewal of (人员) in higher education. 【答案】personnel 【解析】考查名词。句意：高等教育人员的更新很少。分析句子可知，空格处填名词；根据中文提示，“人员”用personnel表示，为集合名词。故填personnel。 24．Tu Youyou’s winning of the Nobel Prize means that TCM is getting international (认可). 【答案】recognition 【解析】考查名词。句意：屠呦呦获得诺贝尔奖意味着中医药正在获得国际认可。根据中文提示可知，表示“认可”应用recognition，为不可数名词，international recognition表“国际认可”，为固定短语，在本句中作宾语。故填recognition。 25． (最近), citizens in Luhe have got the chance to experience a self-service store.   【答案】Recently 【解析】考查副词。句意：最近，陆河的公民有机会体验自助服务商店。分析句子结构可知，空处修饰空后整个句子，应该用副词修饰，根据所给中文提示词，应是recently意为“最近”，位于句首，首字母应大写。故填Recently。 三、语篇语法填空 Passage 1 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。（2026·浙江宁波市镇海中学模拟预测） On hot summer days, when high temperatures often reduce people’s appetite, cold desserts tend to sound far more refreshing than a bowl of hot noodles. In ancient China, nobles enjoyed a special cold food known as Sushan, 1 many scholars regard as the earliest form of ice cream. The name Sushan, meaning crispy mountain, originally 2 (come) from its shape as well as its breakable structure. It looked like a small mountain of shaved ice 3 (combine) with milk, butter and sugar, and 4 (make) it more popular on special occasions, it was sometimes decorated with flowers and leaves. During the Tang Dynasty, the emperor’s court 5 (far) developed this dessert. Milk was sweetened, sometimes thickened with flour, and then iced through advanced 6 (cool) methods. Metal containers holding the mixture were often placed in ice with saltpeter (硝石), 7 substance that lowers the freezing point of water. This technique made it possible for the upper class to enjoy cold dishes 8 the fact that the weather itself was not that cold. Although Sushan was not exactly the same as modern ice cream, it shared several essential characteristics, and 9 (present) in a partly frozen state occasionally. It reflected not only the 10 (innovate) of ancient Chinese people, but also the special status that frozen desserts held in court life. 【答案】 1．which 2．came 3．combined 4．to make 5．further 6．cooling 7．a 8．despite 9．was presented 10．innovation 【解析】这是一篇说明文。本文介绍了中国古代冷饮酥山，被视为最早的冰淇淋雏形。它由冰与奶等制成，唐代宫廷进一步改良，体现了古人的智慧与当时的饮食文化。 1．考查定语从句。句意：在古代中国，贵族们享用一种名为“酥山”的特殊冷食，许多学者认为这种食物是最早的冰淇淋形式。非限制性定语从句修饰先行词Sushan，在从句作宾语，指物，故填which。 2．考查时态。句意：“酥山”这个名字的意思是“酥脆的山丘”，它的得名源于其形状以及易碎的结构特点。动作发生在过去用一般过去时。故填came。 3．考查非谓语动词。句意：它看起来就像一堆由碎冰、牛奶、黄油和糖混合而成的“冰山”，为了在特殊场合更受欢迎，有时还会用鲜花和树叶加以装饰。此处combine与a small mountain of shaved ice构成被动关系，故用过去分词作后置定语。故填combined。 4．考查非谓语动词。句意：它看起来就像一堆由碎冰、牛奶、黄油和糖混合而成的“冰山”，为了在特殊场合更受欢迎，有时还会用鲜花和树叶加以装饰。此处make作目的状语，用不定式形式。故填to make。 5．考查副词。句意：在唐朝时期，皇帝的宫廷进一步完善了这种甜点的制作工艺。修饰动词develop，表示“进一步”用副词further。故填further。 6．考查形容词。句意：牛奶经过了加糖处理，有时还会用面粉加以增稠，然后通过先进的冷却技术进行冰制。修饰methods用形容词cooling。故填cooling。 7．考查冠词。句意：用于盛装混合物的金属容器通常会被置于装有硝石的冰块之中。硝石是一种能降低水的凝固点的物质。此处substance为泛指，且是发音以辅音音素开头的单词。故填a。 8．考查固定句型。句意：这种技术使得上层阶级即便在天气并不十分寒冷的情况下也能享用冷食。despite the fact that表示“尽管……，即便是……”。故填despite。 9．考查时态语态。句意：虽然酥山与现代冰淇淋并非完全相同，但它具备一些共同的特性，并且有时也会以部分冷冻的状态呈现出来。主语it与谓语present构成被动关系，根据上文shared可知为一般过去时的被动语态，谓语用单数。故填was presented。 10．考查名词。句意：它不仅体现了中国古代人民的创新精神，还反映了冰冻甜品在宫廷生活中所具有的特殊地位。作动词reflected的宾语，用名词innovation，不可数。故填innovation。 Passage 2 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。（2026·江西三九校联考高三联合质量检测） For night owls and heat-weary travellers alike, travel has never been more exciting after dark. “Noctourism”, or nocturnal tourism, is booming globally, 1 (cover) everything from stargazing and night-time safaris to after-dark city walking tours and late-night museum openings. Market research specialist FMI predicts this fast-growing sector 2 (double) in size over the next decade, transforming into an industry worth £18 million by 2035. The driving forces behind the trend are twofold: overtourism and rising global temperatures. A recent survey 3 (conduct) by Booking.com found that 61% of travellers are now choosing nighttime activities to avoid the extreme heat of midday, especially in popular summer destinations. “I travelled to Japan in August and found the 40℃ temperatures 4 (bear),” says Margaret Abigail, a 34-year-old project manager from Kent, UK. “Instead of exploring Kyoto’s geisha district in the crowded, scorching daytime, I visited 5 it cooled down after dark. I had the historic streets practically to 6 (I), and the lantern-lit scenery felt far 7 (magic) than any daytime experience.” Beyond heat avoidance, noctourism also offers unique access 8 wildlife and cultural experiences unavailable in daylight. From bioluminescent (生物发光) beach walks to night markets 9 reflect local life authentically, this trend reshapes how people engage with travel destinations. As experts point out, successful noctourism requires careful planning to protect local ecosystems and residents’ daily rest. It is 10 balanced approach that ensures travel brings long-term benefits to both visitors and host communities. 【答案】 1．covering 2．will double 3．conducted 4．unbearable 5．when 6．myself 7．more magical 8．to 9．that/which 10．a 【解析】文章主要介绍了全球兴起的“夜间旅游”热潮，分析了其因酷热和过度旅游而兴起的原因及独特优势。 1．考查非谓语动词。句意：“夜间旅游”（Noctourism）正在全球蓬勃发展，涵盖了从观星、夜间游猎到天黑后城市徒步游和深夜博物馆开放等一系列活动。句中已有谓语动词is booming，故此处应用非谓语形式；cover“涵盖”与其逻辑主语Noctourism之间为主动关系，应用现在分词作伴随状语。 2．考查动词时态。句意：市场研究专家FMI预测，在未来十年内，这一快速增长领域的规模将翻一番，到2035年转变为价值1800万英镑的产业。根据时间状语over the next decade“在未来十年内”可知，此处表示将来发生的动作，应用一般将来时，用will double。 3．考查非谓语动词。句意：Booking.com最近进行的一项调查发现，为了避免正午的极端高温，目前有61%的旅行者选择夜间活动，尤其是在热门的夏季目的地。句中已有谓语动词found，故此处应用非谓语形式；conduct“进行”与其逻辑主语survey之间为被动关系，应用过去分词作后置定语。 4．考查形容词。​句意：来自英国肯特郡的34岁项目经理玛格丽特·阿比盖尔说：“我八月份去了日本，发现40摄氏度的高温让人难以忍受。”此处表示高温“难以忍受”，应用形容词unbearable“难以忍受的”作宾语补足语。 5．考查连词。​句意：“我没有在拥挤、炎热的白天探索京都的艺伎区，而是在天黑降温后才去游览。”此处引导时间状语从句，表示“当……时候”，应用连词when。 6．考查反身代词。​ 句意：“我几乎独享了那些历史悠久的街道，灯笼照亮的景色感觉比任何白天的体验都要神奇得多。”根据主语I和固定搭配have sth to oneself“独自享用某物”可知，此处应用I的反身代词myself。 7．考查形容词比较级。​ 句意：“我几乎独享了那些历史悠久的街道，灯笼照明的景色感觉比任何白天的体验都要神奇得多。”根据空后的比较级标志词than可知，此处应用形容词magical“神奇的”的比较级形式more magical。 8．考查介词。句意：除了避暑，夜间旅游还提供了独特的途径，让人们接触到白天无法获得的野生动物和文化体验。根据固定搭配access to“通往……的途径/进入……的权利”可知，此处应用介词to。 9．考查定语从句。句意：从生物发光的海滩漫步到真实反映当地生活的夜市，这一趋势正在重塑人们与旅游目的地的互动方式。空处引导定语从句，先行词为night markets，指物，且关系词在从句中作主语，应用关系代词that或which。 10．考查冠词。句意：这是一种平衡的方法，确保旅游给游客和东道主社区都带来长期的利益。此处泛指“一种平衡的方法”，且balanced的发音以辅音音素开头，故填不定冠词a。 Passage 3 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。（2026·辽宁沈阳市教学质量监测（一）） I came to China to tell stories but ended up living them. Over the past 20 years since my arrival, I 1 (travel) to every province, collecting extraordinary experiences, from mountains and forests to remote villages and tundras (冻土), not to mention hunting with eagles on horseback. These stories didn’t just become popular videos. They rewrote my life. 2 (receive) China’s Special Book Award, the highest literary honor for foreigners, was both a surprise and an honor. This has opened new access to cultural exchange. Through writing and publishing, we don’t just translate words — we translate 3 (world). My latest book, Closer to Heaven, demonstrates many moving scenes 4 ordinary people are making efforts to improve their lives. Its emphasis on individual voices 5 (make) these stories resonate (共鸣) across cultures. I was 6 (particular) moved when Chinese readers said they learned about their own country through my writing. The book’s success in becoming 7 bestseller, as well as its translation into many languages, shows that these stories can bridge the gap 8 cultures. Every story we share, every book we publish, makes our world larger in 9 (imagine) and smaller in familiarity. And I, for one, am happy 10 (share) this world of words with you. 【答案】 1．have traveled/have travelled 2．Receiving 3．worlds 4．where 5．makes 6．particularly 7．a 8．between 9．imagination 10．to share 【解析】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者来到中国后的经历、所获荣誉、作品及其影响，以及作者对文化交流的感悟。 1．考查时态。句意：自从我来到中国后的20年里，我走遍了每一个省份，收集了非凡的经历，从山川森林到偏远的村庄和冻土带，更不用说骑马用鹰狩猎了。根据时间状语“Over the past 20 years since my arrival”可知，句子应使用现在完成时，主语为I，助动词用have。故填have traveled或have travelled。 2．考查非谓语动词。句意：获得中国特别图书奖，这是对外国人的最高文学荣誉，既是一个惊喜，也是一种荣誉。receive“获得”。本空在句中作主语，表泛指的动作，需用动名词形式，且位于句首，首字母需大写。故填Receiving。 3．考查名词复数。句意：通过写作和出版，我们不仅仅是在翻译文字，我们是在翻译世界。此处表示翻译不同的世界，应用名词world“世界”的复数形式worlds，作translate的宾语。故填worlds。 4．考查定语从句。句意：我的新书《更接近天堂》展示了许多感人的场景，在这些场景中，普通人正在努力改善他们的生活。本空引导定语从句，修饰先行词scenes，关系词代替先行词在从句中作地点状语，应用关系副词where引导。故填where。 5．考查时态和主谓一致。句意：书中对个体声音的关注，让这些故事跨越文化界限，引发了广泛共鸣。本句陈述客观事实，用一般现在时；主语emphasis为不可数名词，谓语动词使用make“使得”的第三人称单数形式。故填makes。 6．考查副词。句意：当中国读者说他们通过我的写作了解了自己的国家时，我特别感动。本空修饰形容词moved，应用副词particularly“特别地”，作状语。故填particularly。 7．考查冠词。句意：这本书成为一本畅销书，并被翻译成多种语言，这表明这些故事可以弥合文化之间的差距。此处表示泛指“一本畅销书”，且bestseller以辅音音素开头，应用不定冠词a。故填a。 8．考查介词。句意：这本书成为一本畅销书，并被翻译成多种语言，这表明这些故事可以弥合文化之间的差距。此处表示“文化之间的差距”，应用介词between“在……之间”。故填between。 9．考查名词。句意：我们分享的每一个故事，出版的每一本书，都让我们的世界在想象中变得更大，在熟悉中变得更小。本空作介词in的宾语，应用名词imagination“想象”。故填imagination。 10．考查非谓语动词。句意：就我而言，我很高兴与你们分享这个文字世界。be happy to do sth.为固定短语，意为“很高兴做某事”，所以此处应用动词share“分享”的不定式。故填to share。 重难·创新演练 设题创新: 传统艺术(T1) 语言学习(T2); 虚拟博物馆(T3); 宁波博物馆(T4)；眼神交流(T5) 一、所给词的适当形式填空 1．【新情境·热爱中国】（2026·吉林省G35 联合体第一次模拟）To me, my love for China will only (deep) over time! 【答案】deepen 【解析】考查动词。句意：对我来说，随着时间的推移，我对中国的爱只会越来越深！此处缺少谓语动词，deep是形容词，其动词形式为deepen，意为“加深；使加深”；空前will是情态动词，后接动词原形。故填deepen。 2．【新情境·先进科技】（2026·山东聊城市高与模拟试题英语（一））According to China Railway International, a subsidiary (子公司) of China State Railway Group, which oversaw (监管) the project, the trains, designed and developed by CRRC Qingdao Sifang Co., Ltd., were based on (advance) and mature technologies of China-made Fuxing bullet trains which operate at the speed of 350 km per hour. 【答案】advanced 【解析】考查形容词。句意：这些列车基于中国制造、时速350公里的复兴号动车组的先进成熟技术。空处修饰名词technologies，应用形容词advanced表示“先进的”。故填advanced。 3．【新情境·传统文化】（2026·河北唐山市第一次模拟演练）The name Qing Yin, meaning “clear and bright music,” reflects the belief that the most touching sounds are not produced by instruments alone but arise from wind, water, and the natural world, which lets sound move (free) through the space. 【答案】freely 【解析】考查副词。句意：“清音”这个名字，意为“清澈明亮的音乐”，反映了这样一种理念：最动人的声音并非仅由乐器发出，而是源自风、水与自然万物，让声音在空间中自由流淌。此处修饰动词move，用free的副词形式freely。故填freely。 4．【新情境·传统工艺】（2026·河北唐山市第一次模拟演练）Constructed by craftsmen from Yangzhou using traditional techniques, the six-sided pavilion was built mainly from Chinese (structure) wood, stone, and other roof materials fired in kilns (窑) in China. 【答案】structural 【解析】考查形容词。句意：这座六边亭由来自扬州的工匠运用传统工艺建造，主要采用中式结构木材、石材以及其他在中国窑炉中烧制的屋顶材料建成。此处修饰名词wood，用structure的形容词形式structural。故填structural。 5.【新情境】（2026·辽宁沈阳市实验中学考前预测）Her famous line “You met me at a very Chinese time of my life” also resonated (wide) with global audiences. 【答案】widely 【解析】考查副词。句意：她那句著名的台词“在我人生中一个非常典型的中国式时刻，你与我相遇了”也深深打动了全球观众。修饰动词resonated用副词widely。 6．【新情境】（2026·T8联盟新高考压轴训练（一））Rather than (faithful) staging the work, Li made many cuts. The focus is sharper now: a young woman’s awakening; and her decision to love at will. 【答案】faithfully 【解析】考查副词。句意：李星并没有忠实地搬演这部作品，而是做了很多删减。这里需要一个副词来修饰动词“staging”，faithful的副词形式是faithfully，意为“忠实地”。 7.【新情境】（2026·安徽淮南市高三二模）It is valued as a fine handicraft (手工艺品), a (meaning) gift, and performance tool. 【答案】meaningful 【解析】考查形容词。句意：它被视为一种精美的手工艺品、一份有意义的礼物和一种表演工具。修饰后文名词gift应用形容词meaningful，作定语。 8．【新情境·传统与科技】（2026·山东德州市二模）In line with China’s 15th Five-Year Plan, the Palace Museum is embracing digital (innovate) to preserve and promote Chinese cultural heritage and building an intelligent, open and shared “Digital Palace Museum” system. 【答案】innovation/innovations 【解析】考查名词。句意：响应中国“十五五”规划，故宫博物院正拥抱数字创新，以保护和推广中国文化遗产，并构建一个智能、开放、共享的“数字故宫博物院”系统。形容词digital后需接名词，innovate的名词形式为innovation，此处表示“创新”，既是可数名词，也是不可数名词，用单复数皆可。 9.【新情境·健康】（2026·湖北孝感市第二次统考）By 2030, the average life expectancy of the Chinese people is expected to reach 80 years, one year longer than that in 2024, according to top health official Lei Haichao, (direct) of the National Health Commission. 【答案】director 【解析】考查名词。句意：国家卫生健康委员会主任雷海潮表示，到2030年，中国人均预期寿命有望达到80岁，比2024年延长1岁。本空作同位语，表示职位头衔，用名词形式director意为“主管，主任”。 10．【新情境】（2026·河北枣强中学5月阶段检测）These skills may seem simple at first glance, but behind them lie years of persistent practice. Each craftsman shows a deep (commit) to their unique skill. 【答案】commitment 【解析】考查名词。句意：每个工匠都对自己独特的技艺表现出深深的投入。根据前面的“a deep”可知，这里需要一个名词，“commit”是动词，其名词形式“commitment”表示“投入；承诺”，在这里作“shows”（表现出）的宾语，且由“a”可知用单数形式。 11．（2026·辽宁沈阳市实验中学考前预测）When Sherry XiiRuii, a content (create), started uploading short videos about daily Chinese habits in late 2025, something unexpected happened. 【答案】creator 【解析】考查名词。句意：2025年末，内容创作者谢丽丝·西瑞伊开始上传有关中国人日常习惯的短视频，然而意想不到的事情发生了。表示“创作者”作同位语，结合不定冠词，可知用单数名词creator。 12．（2026·云南省高三第二次模拟）However, what enables it to unite people across the world is actually its sense of (slow) and tranquility (安宁), qualities that stand out as precious in contrast to the ever-shifting desires of our time. 【答案】slowness 【解析】考查名词。句意：然而，使它能够将世界各地的人们团结在一起的，实际上是其缓慢和宁静的特质，这些特质与我们这个时代不断变化的欲望形成了鲜明的对比。空格前是介词of，且与后面的名词tranquility并列，因此需要slow的名词形式slowness。 13．（2026·江西乐平市模拟）Traditionally seen as practical items, straw hats are now regaining (popular) as fashionable accessories in the global market, significantly aided by a centuries-old craft from Shandong. 【答案】popularity 【解析】考查名词。句意：传统上被视为实用物品的草帽，如今在全球市场上作为时尚配饰重新流行起来，这在很大程度上得益于山东有着数百年历史的工艺。此处作regaining的宾语，应用popular的名词形式popularity，不可数。 14．（2026·河南省许昌市统考）Other researchers have come to similar (conclude). With high-quality data extending back to the 1950s, we have a clear picture of long-term climate change. 【答案】conclusions 【解析】考查名词复数。句意：其他研究人员也得出了类似的结论。此处应用名词作宾语，conclusion“结论”是可数名词，前面无冠词，应用复数形式conclusions表示泛指。 15. （2026·安徽六安市压轴冲刺英语（一））“When learning Wuqinxi, each movement should focus on body balance and breath (adjust). You need to imitate (模仿) animal actions exactly and feel the smooth flow of qi in your body with full concentration,” explains a local visitor at the exhibition. 【答案】adjustment 【解析】考查名词。句意：“学习五禽戏时，每一个动作都要注重身体平衡与呼吸调节。你需要精准模仿动物的动作，并且全神贯注感受体内气息的顺畅流转。” 一位前来观展的当地参观者如此解释道。此处与body balance并列，需用名词形式作宾语，adjust的名词形式为adjustment（调节），breath adjustment意为“呼吸调节”。 16.（2026·河北雄安考前适应性训练（一））To encourage deeper cultural (engage), Xitang actively promotes itself on social media and tourism platforms. Online ticketing, multilingual services and group discounts have made visits more accessible for overseas travelers as well. 【答案】engagement 【解析】考查名词。句意：为了鼓励更深层次的文化参与，西塘在社交媒体和旅游平台上积极推广自己。根据空前的形容词cultural可知，设空处应填名词作宾语。engage是动词，其名词形式为engagement，意为“参与”，为不可数名词。故填engagement。 17.（2026·广东江门市高考适应性测试）Her short videos which highlight the beauty and delicacy of Sichuan Opera have gone viral, inspiring a new-found (appreciate) among young people for classical performances like The Legend of the White Snake. 【答案】appreciation 【解析】考查名词。句意：她突出川剧优美细腻的短视频已经走红，激发了年轻人对《白蛇传》等经典表演的新喜爱。提示词作宾语，用名词appreciation，意为“欣赏，喜爱”。 18.（2026·重庆市永川中学校第三次调研检测）Besides the (compete), participants also enjoyed various cultural activities, visiting the Harbin Ice-Snow World, feeding Siberian tigers and experiencing local cuisine. 【答案】competition 【解析】考查名词。句意：除了比赛之外，参与者还参与了各种文化活动，参观了哈尔滨冰雪大世界、喂食东北虎并品尝了当地美食。定冠词the后需要名词作宾语，动词compete的名词形式为competition，意为“比赛”。 19.（2026·广东汕头市普通高考第一次模拟）He introduced the students to a (simplify) system refined from the tradition’s 21 classic movements. The demonstration of brewing and sharing offered a practical entry point into a centuries-old practice without losing the essence of gongfu cha. 【答案】simplified 【解析】考查形容词。句意：他向学生们介绍了一个由传统21种基本动作提炼而成的简化体系。修饰名词system用形容词simplified。故填simplified。 20.（2026·广东汕头市普通高考第一次模拟）In a classroom (temporary) decorated into a tea space, Ye Hanzhong, a national-level representative inheritor of gongfu cha, patiently taught students the steps of brewing tea (沏茶) . 【答案】temporarily 【解析】考查副词。句意：在一间临时布置成茶室的教室里，国家级功夫茶传承人叶汉钟耐心地向学生们讲解泡茶的步骤。修饰动词decorated用副词temporarily。故填temporarily。 21.（2026·广东汕头市普通高考第一次模拟）From water temperature and timing to the proper way of serving, Ye spoke with the same rhythm as tea itself— careful, (attention), unhurried. 【答案】attentive 【解析】考查形容词。句意：从水温、冲泡时间到正确的冲泡方式，叶先生的讲解就像茶本身一样，节奏缓慢、细致且专注，不慌不忙。此处和careful、unhurried并列作形容词，修饰前文的节奏，因此名词attention变为形容词attentive（专注的）。故填attentive。 二、语法填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Passage 1 【新情境·传统艺术】（2026·河南驻马店、信阳、南阳、三门峡、漯河五市联考） Yang Yongchao runs his fingers over a vase, whose surface shines in shades of purple and blue, like a sunset 1 (reflect) gracefully in water. “This one will go to London,” he says with a smile. Yang grew up in a small Henan town famous for Jun porcelain (钧瓷). 2 (remarkable), he chose this career path himself at a time when most young people sought careers in cities. “In my childhood, watching my father work 3 (draw) me in,” Yang recalls. Childhood curiosity gradually evolved 4 a lifelong career. Yet mastering the craft is no simple task. 5 fascinates him most is how the fire transforms the glaze (釉) into something unexpected. This very fascination has carried him through countless failures. His 6 (pursue) of the perfect post-rain blue took over a hundred attempts before finally succeeding. Such dedication also creates connections beyond languages. Yang once guided 7 American collector in shaping a vase. To the collector’s delight, it emerged from the kiln (窑) with a rare purple. That vase still sits on her desk, and she never tires of sending him 8 (photo) captured from every possible angle. Yang has authored a book and teaches international students, thus 9 (spread) this Chinese craft globally. When asked about the secret, he says, “It’s not just skill, 10 a conversation with the clay, the fire, and anyone who holds the piece. That is the real magic of Jun porcelain.” 【答案】 1．reflected 2．Remarkably 3．drew 4．into 5．What 6．pursuit 7．an 8．photos 9．spreading 10．but 【解析】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了河南小镇的钧瓷匠人杨永超如何通过自己的努力和热爱，将钧瓷艺术推向世界的故事。 1．考查非谓语动词。句意：杨永超的手指划过一个花瓶，花瓶表面闪烁着紫色和蓝色的光泽，就像夕阳优雅地映在水面上。“(reflect) gracefully in water”作后置定语，reflect(映出，照出)用非谓语动词形式，与其逻辑主语a sunset之间是被动关系，应用过去分词表被动。故填reflected。 2．考查副词。句意：值得注意的是，在大多数年轻人都到城市寻找职业的时候，他自己选择了这条职业道路。提示词修饰整个句子，应用副词形式remarkably作状语，意为“值得注意的是”；句首单词首字母大写。故填Remarkably。 3．考查时态。句意：“在我的童年时代，看着父亲工作吸引了我，”杨回忆道。draw(吸引)是谓语动词，动作发生在过去，用一般过去时态。故填drew。 4．考查介词。句意：童年的好奇心逐渐演变成了一生的职业。evolve into是固定短语，意为“逐渐演变成”。故填into。 5．考查主语从句。句意：最让他着迷的是火焰如何将釉料变成意想不到的东西。“____ fascinates him most”是主语从句，从句缺少主语，表示“……的东西”，应用连接代词what引导该从句；句首单词首字母大写。故填What。 6．考查名词。句意：他对完美的雨后蓝色的追求，在最终成功之前，已经尝试了一百多次。提示词作主语，应用pursue的名词形式pursuit，意为“追求”，不可数名词。故填pursuit。 7．考查冠词。句意：杨曾指导一位美国收藏家制作花瓶。collector是可数名词单数，此处泛指“一位美国收藏家”，且American发音以元音音素开头，应用不定冠词an修饰。故填an。 8．考查名词复数。句意：那个花瓶仍然放在她的书桌上，她不知疲倦地从各个角度给他发照片。可数名词photo作宾语，由“from every possible angle”可知，不止一张照片，应用复数形式。故填photos。 9．考查非谓语动词。句意：杨写了一本书并教授国际学生，从而将这项中国工艺传播到全球。“(spread) this Chinese craft globally”作结果状语，spread(传播)用非谓语动词形式，表示自然而然的结果，应用的现在分词形式。故填spreading。 10．考查连词。句意：他说：“这不仅仅是技巧，而是与粘土、火焰以及任何拿着这件作品的人进行对话。这才是钧瓷的真正魔力所在。”“not...but...”是复合连词，固定搭配，意为“不是……而是……”。故填but。 Passage 2 【新情境·语言学习】 （2026·湖南省长沙市第十五中学月考） I come from Tajikistan, 1 is a mountainous land in Central Asia, and Tajik (塔吉克语) —  a variety of Persian — is my native tongue. Early on I learned Russian, then English, but Chinese seemed 2 a mountain I’d never climb. When I arrived in China, I could recognize characters but could 3 (bare) speak. I was quiet and cautious, fearing to make mistakes. Motivation? It wasn’t enough. What I was lacking in was structure. One afternoon I attended a poetry recital (朗诵会). I 4 (hear) Chinese verses and felt their rhythm, finally realizing that I needed a system. I designed my own daily plan: write 25 Chinese characters every day, about two hours each session; play soft piano music in the background 5 (create) a calm study environment and reduce stress; tell myself, “Don’t be afraid of making mistakes — just start.” Soon, mistakes felt less 6 (scare). I figured out 7 to learn it — by stumbling (跌跌撞撞) and falling yet never giving up — just I learned to speak my first words as a child. During my 8 (engage) with learning, I often took part in cultural events. One unforgettable moment happened when I was teaching English to children. I brought my guitar and started singing You Are My Sunshine. The children sang along, smiling, and in their eyes, I suddenly saw 9 (l) — a student who was once just as scared to speak, but kept 10 (go) anyway. 【答案】 1．which 2．like 3．barely 4．heard 5．to create 6．scary 7．how 8．engagement 9．myself 10．going 【解析】本文是一篇记叙文。文章通过个人经历展现了语言学习的艰辛与突破，强调了系统方法、克服恐惧和持续努力的重要性，以及在教学相长中实现自我成长的过程。 1．考查定语从句。句意：我来自塔吉克斯坦，这是中亚的一个多山国家，塔吉克语——波斯语的一种变体——是我的母语。空格处引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词是Tajikistan，关系词在从句中作主语，所以用关系代词which引导从句。故填which。 2．考查介词。句意：我很早就学了俄语，然后是英语，但中文就像一座我永远爬不上去的山。此处表示“像……一样”，用介词like，构成seem like的固定搭配，意为“看起来像；似乎是”。故填like。 3．考查副词。句意：当我来到中国时，我能认出汉字，但几乎不会说。空格处修饰动词speak，需要用副词形式作状语；bare是形容词，其副词形式是barely，表示“几乎不；勉强”。故填barely。 4．考查动词时态。句意：我听到了中文诗句，感受到了它们的韵律，终于意识到我需要一个系统的学习方法。空格处是谓语动词，根据上下文的attended和felt可知，句子描述的是过去发生的动作，所以用一般过去时，hear的过去式是heard。故填heard。 5．考查非谓语动词 。句意：我为自己制定了每日计划：每天写 25 个汉字，每次约两小时；在背景中播放轻柔的钢琴曲，营造安静的学习氛围，减轻压力；告诉自己：“不要害怕犯错——只管开始。”此处作目的状语，表示播放音乐的目的是创造学习环境，应该用不定式形式。故填to create。 6．考查形容词。句意：很快，犯错就不那么可怕了。空格处作表语，需要用形容词形式；scare是动词，其形容词形式scary表示“可怕的；吓人的”，用来描述事物的性质。故填scary。 7．考查疑问副词。句意：我明白了该如何学习中文——跌跌撞撞，摔倒了却从不放弃——就像我小时候学习说第一句话一样。根据空格后的不定式to learn it可知，空格处应该用一个疑问副词，构成“特殊疑问词+to do”作宾语，且表示“如何；怎样”，所以用how。故填how。 8．考查名词。句意：在我学习中文的过程中，我经常参加文化活动。空格处作介词During的宾语，需要用名词形式；engage是动词，其名词形式是engagement，表示“参与；从事”，为抽象名词，不可数，故填engagement。 9．考查反身代词。句意：孩子们跟着唱，笑着，在他们的眼中，我突然看到了自己——一个曾经也害怕说话，但还是坚持下去的学生。 空格处作宾语，句子的主语和宾语是同一人，所以用反身代词myself作宾语。故填myself。 10．考查非谓语动词。句意：孩子们跟着唱，笑着，在他们的眼中，我突然看到了自己——一个曾经也害怕说话，但还是坚持下去的学生。keep doing sth.是固定搭配，意为“继续做某事；坚持做某事”，所以用动名词going。故填going。 Passage 3 【新情境·虚拟博物馆】（2026·河南省郑州市郑州外国语学校高三调研6） Virtual museums no longer serve as backup options for those who cannot travel. They offer unique cultural value on their own. Over the past decade, digitalization 1 (become) a driving force in redefining the museum experience. With AI-powered tools, museums are adopting a range of technologies 2 (enhance) accessibility and visitor engagement. Instead of staring at static (静止的) images, people can interact with objects and explore rooms 3 (close) to the public in real life. The value lies not in copying physical museums 4 in offering what the physical world cannot. Some exhibits integrate animation, audio, and centered interpretation. Others reconstruct lost heritage or offer behind-the-scenes looks at preservation. A museum without walls can adapt and respond to cultural shifts with speed. Exhibits can go live. 5 (update) do not take months. The audience becomes part of the experience, not a silent 6 (observe). All of these are possible because of systems built to recreate, organize, and present knowledge in new ways. Each of these systems plays a different role. Together, they change 7 people access history. As we look ahead, museums, by embracing both digital transformation and cultural stewardship (守护), have 8 unique opportunity to become more inclusive, engaging, and 9 (sustain) than ever before. With innovation 10 the heart of the museum experience, the possibilities are limitless — and the next chapter of museum evolution is just beginning. 【答案】 1．has become 2．to enhance 3．closed 4．but 5．Updates 6．observer 7．how 8．a 9．sustainable 10．at 【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了虚拟博物馆如今不再是无法出行者的替代选择，其自身具有独特的文化价值。 1．考查动词时态。句意：在过去的十年里，数字化已成为重新定义博物馆体验的驱动力。根据时间状语“Over the past decade”可知，句子应用现在完成时，此处在句中作谓语动词，主语为digitalization，与become之间为主动关系，助动词用has。故填has become。 2．考查非谓语动词。句意：借助人工智能工具，博物馆正采用一系列技术来提高可访问性和访客的参与度。空格处为非谓语动词，作目的状语，表示“采用一系列技术的目的是为了提高可访问性和访客的参与度”，故应用动词不定式。故填to enhance。 3．考查形容词。句意：人们不再盯着静态的图像，而是可以与展品互动，探索现实中不对公众开放的展厅。空格处为非谓语动词作定语，修饰rooms，rooms与close之间为被动关系，应用过去分词转化而来的形容词closed“关闭的”作后置定语。故填closed。 4．考查连词。句意：其价值不在于复制实体博物馆，而在于提供实体世界无法实现的体验。此处为not…but…为固定搭配，意为“不是……而是……”。故填but。 5．考查名词复数。句意：更新无需花费数月时间。update为可数名词，此处表示泛指“更新”，且根据谓语动词do可知，此处应用名词复数形式作主语。故填Updates。 6．考查名词。句意：观众成为体验的一部分，而不是沉默的旁观者。此处应用名词“observer观察者；旁观者”在句中作表语，且根据空前的冠词a可知，此处应用名词的单数形式。故填observer。 7．考查宾语从句。句意：它们共同改变了人们接触历史的方式。空格处引导change后的宾语从句，从句中缺少方式状语，故应用how引导。故填how。 8．考查冠词。句意：展望未来，博物馆通过拥抱数字化转型和文化守护，拥有了一个前所未有的独特机会，变得比以往任何时候都更包容、更具吸引力且更可持续。此处表示“一个独特的机会”，表泛指，故应用不定冠词，且unique以辅音音素开头，应用不定冠词a。故填a。 9．考查形容词。句意：同上。根据“more inclusive, engaging, and”可知，空格处应用形容词sustainable“可持续的”与inclusive、engaging并列作表语。故填sustainable。 10．考查介词。句意：创新是博物馆体验的核心，其发展潜力是无限的——博物馆发展的新篇章才刚刚开始。at the heart of为固定搭配，意为“在……的核心”。故填at。 Passage 4 【新情境·宁波博物馆】 （2026·安徽安庆市高三二模） Designed by Pritzker Prize winner Wang Shu and completed in 2008, the Ningbo Museum is a meaningful architectural statement 1 challenges usual modern design. More than a simple container for objects, the building itself is a 2 (strength) exhibit of cultural memory and new ideas. Its most eye-catching feature is its large front, 3 (make) from countless reused bricks, tiles, and stones. All these materials 4 (save) from local villages that had been pulled down. This “Wapan Wall” method 5 (true) plants the area’s history into the structure, making a real link to the past in a city that is becoming modern at 6 fast speed. The building 7 (look) like a mountain or an old rock coming from the earth. This reflects the nearby environment of Zhejiang Province. Inside, large areas are set around a central hall, with slopes and bridges leading 8 (visitor) as if going up a valley. Natural light comes in to light up plain concrete surfaces, helping to create a quiet mood. The Ningbo Museum does more than its basic job. It shows how modern buildings can be deeply connected 9 local conditions. It is a bridge between past 10 present, telling a silent story as if it speaks about time, memory, and the heart of a place. 【答案】 1．that/which 2．strong 3．made 4．were saved 5．truly 6．a 7．looks 8．visitors 9．with 10．and 【解析】这是一篇说明文。本文介绍王澍设计的宁波博物馆，巧用旧砖瓦打造特色外观，将地域历史与现代建筑融合，连接过去与现在，兼具文化内涵与独特美感。 1．考查定语从句。句意：由普利兹克奖得主王澍设计，于2008年竣工的宁波博物馆是一处极具意义的建筑作品，它对传统的现代设计理念提出了挑战。本空为定语从句，修饰先行词statement，关系词在从句中作主语，指物，用that/which引导。故填that/which。 2．考查形容词。句意：这座建筑不仅仅是一个简单的物品存放容器，它本身就是一种强大的文化记忆与新思想的展示载体。修饰名词exhibit，用形容词strong，作定语。故填strong。 3．考查非谓语动词。句意：其最引人注目的特色在于其宽阔的前部，该部分由无数回收利用的砖块、瓷砖和石块建成。make与front构成被动关系，用过去分词，作定语。故填made。 4．考查时态语态。句意：所有这些材料都是从已被拆除的当地村庄中收集而来的。主语All these materials与save构成被动关系，且发生在过去，用一般过去时的被动语态，be动词用were。故填were saved。 5．考查副词。句意：这种“瓦爿墙”工艺真正将当地历史植入建筑结构，在这座快速现代化的城市中，与过去建立起真实的联结。修饰动词plant，用副词truly，作状语。故填truly。 6．考查冠词。句意：这种“瓦爿墙”工艺真正将当地历史植入建筑结构，在这座快速现代化的城市中，与过去建立起真实的联结。短语at a fast speed表示“以快速的速度”。故填a。 7．考查时态。句意：这座建筑看起来像一座山峰或者一块从大地中生长出来的古老岩石。本句陈述事实，用一般现在时，主语为building，谓语用三单形式looks。故填looks。 8．考查名词的数。句意：内部空间围绕着一个中央大厅展开，其间设有斜坡和桥梁，仿佛引领着游客沿着山谷向上前行。游客不止一个，用复数形式visitors。故填visitors。 9．考查介词。句意：它展示了现代建筑如何能够与当地环境紧密相连。短语be connected with表示“与……紧密相连”。故填with。 10．考查连词。句意：它连接着过去与现在，诉说着一个无声的故事，仿佛在讲述时间、记忆以及一个地方的内心世界。短语between... and...表示“在……和……之间”。故填and。 Passage 5 【新情境·眼神交流】 （2027·河南新乡市高三第一次模拟测试） In many Asian, African and Latin American cultures, 1 (extend) eye contact is impolite and it is thought of 2 an offensive or a challenge of authority. It is considered politer to have brief eye contact, especially between people of different social status (like a student and a teacher, or a child and his elder relatives). For example, if a Japanese woman avoids looking someone in the eye, she is not showing a lack of interest nor is 3 (she) showing a lack of confidence. Instead, she 4 (be) polite, respectful and appropriate according to her culture. So in many of these cultures, you should take care of 5 kind of eye contact you initiate with those who are your 6 (superior) or in authority over you, so that you are not thought to be 7 (respect) or rude. As you can see, it is vital for you to know what eye contact communicates before you visit a new culture. Before you travel, you can either look up relevant information in your local public library 8 check out a book about the culture of the country you plan to visit in a bookstore. Learn how to make use of eye contact and other body language 9 (flexible) so that you 10 (perceive) to be polite, and so that you can better connect with people who are foreign to you! 【答案】 1．extended 2．as 3．she 4．is being 5．what 6．superiors 7．disrespectful 8．or 9．flexibly 10．are perceived 【解析】本文为一篇说明文，介绍了眼神交流在不同文化中的含义，作者建议在去其他国家旅游之前，要查阅相关文化信息。 1．考查形容词。句意：在许多亚洲、非洲和拉丁美洲文化中，长时间的目光接触是不礼貌的，它被认为是一种冒犯或对权威的挑战。空处修饰eye contact，结合句意，此处缺少形容词extended作定语，表示“长期的”。故填extended。 2．考查介词。句意同上。an offensive or a challenge of authority为名词词组，空处缺少介词，结合is thought of可知，此处为be thought of as短语，意思为：被认为是。故填as。 3．考查代词。句意：例如，如果一个日本女人避免看某人的眼睛，她不是缺乏兴趣，也不是缺乏自信。nor后面的句子要进行部分倒装，is提到主语前面，is showing构成现在进行时，空处缺少句子的主语，用人称代词主格she。故填she。 4．考查动词时态。句意：相反，根据她的文化，她表现得礼貌、尊重、得体。根据上文For example, if a Japanese woman avoids looking someone in the eye, she is not showing a lack of interest nor is 3 (she) showing a lack of confidence.可知，此处描述的是日本女性避免眼神接触时的即时行为状态，强调“正在表现礼貌”，应用现在进行时。主语为she，be动词用is。故填is being。 5．考查宾语从句。句意：所以在许多这样的文化中，你应该注意与你的上级或上层进行什么样的眼神接触，这样你就不会被认为是不尊重或粗鲁的。分析句子可知，空处为介词后，引导后面的句子，为宾语从句连接词，此处为修饰kind of eye contact，表示“什么种类的眼神接触”用连接代词what作定语。故填what。 6．考查名词。句意：同上。who引导定语从句修饰先行词 those，空处在从句中作表语，此处用名词superior意为“上级，上司”，为可数名词，结合先行词those可知此处表复数概念，用名词复数形式。故填superiors。 7．考查形容词。句意：同上。空处与rude并列，表示“无礼的，失礼的”，用形容词disrespectful。故填disrespectful。 8．考查连词。句意：在你旅行之前，你可以在当地的公共图书馆里查找相关信息，或者在书店里找一本关于你计划去的国家文化的书。本句中含有either…or…意思为：要么……要么……，连接并列动词短语look up和check out。故填or。 9．考查副词。句意：学习如何灵活地使用眼神交流和其他肢体语言，这样你就会被认为是有礼貌的，这样你就能更好地与外国人联系！空处修饰make use of，用副词flexibly作状语。故填flexibly。 10．考查动词时态、语态。句意：同上。空处作谓语，you和perceive构成被动关系，空处描述客观事实，用一般现在时的被动语态。故填are perceived。 真题·实战演练 高频考点：熟悉派生构词法，常用前缀的用法，常用后缀的用法，掌握词的转化法，熟悉合成词的用法，在语境中填出词的正确的形式 一、单句语法填空 1.（2023全国甲卷）The themes of traditional fables often deal with simple truths about everyday life. However, Cason’s theme is a more weighty __________ (warn) about environmental destruction. 【答案】warning 【解析】考查名词。句意：然而，卡森的主题是对环境破坏的更严重警告。形容词weighty后接名词形式。根据句中不定冠词a可知，用可数名词的单数形式。故填warning。 2.（2023新课标II卷）So, what are they learning? 43 (basic), how to describe a panda’s life. 【答案】Basically 【解析】考查副词。句意：基本上，如何描述熊猫的生活。分析句子结构可知，空处修饰空后整个句子，应该用副词修饰，basic的副词形式是basically位于句首，首字母应大写。故填Basically。 3.（2023新课标I卷）Xiao long bao (soup dumplings), those amazing constructions of delicate dumpling wrappers, encasing hot, 36 (taste) soup and sweet, fresh meat, are far and away my favorite Chinese street food. 【答案】tasty 【解析】考查形容词。句意：小笼包(汤包)，那些精致的饺子皮，包裹着热腾腾的美味汤和甜甜的鲜肉，是我最喜欢的中国街头小吃。形容词需修饰后面的名词soup(汤)，故空格需用tasty“美味的”作定语，故填tasty。 4.（2023全国乙卷）The 69 (remark) development of this city, which is consciously designed to protect the past while stepping into the modern world, means there is always something new to discover here, and I could be photographing Beijing for the next 50 years. 【答案】remarkable 【解析】考查形容词。句意：这个城市的显著发展，是有意识地在保护过去的同时步入现代世界，这意味着这里总是有新的东西可以发现，我可以在接下来的50年里一直拍摄北京。分析句子成分可知，空处为形容词修饰名词“development of this city”。故填remarkable。 5.（2023浙江1月卷）The hutongs they formed were orderly, lined by (space) homes and walled gardens. 【答案】spacious 【解析】考查形容词。句意：他们建立的胡同井然有序。宽大的房屋和有墙的花园成行排列。空格处需要填形容词作定语修饰空格后的名词homes。故填spacious。 6.（2023浙江1月卷）The term “hutong”, (original)meaning “water well” in Mongolian, appeared first during the Yuan Dynasty. 【答案】originally 【解析】考查副词。句意：胡同起初在蒙古语当中是“水井”的意思，首次出现在元朝。空格处修饰动词meaning需要填副词形式。故填originally。 7.（2022新课标I卷）The GPNP’s main goal is to improve connectivity between separate populations and homes of giant pandas, and ____________ (eventual)achieve a desired level of population in the wild. 【答案】 eventually 【解析】考查副词。句意：GPNP的主要目标是改善不同种群和大熊猫家园之间的联系，最终达到理想的野生大熊猫数量水平。设空处后为动词achieve，设空处应用副词eventually作状语，修饰动词achieve。故填eventually。 8.（2022新课标II卷）When he looked down, he ____________ (accidental ) slipped and fell over the edge. 【答案】 accidentally 【解析】考查副词。句意：当他往下看时，不小心滑了一跤，从悬崖边上掉了下去。根据句子结构，设空处应该填写副词修饰动词slipped。accidental为形容词，意为“意外的，失误的”，其副词为accidentally，意为“意外地，失误地”，符合句意。故填accidentally。 9.（2022全国甲卷）Cao believes this will make the hiking trip even more ____________ (meaning). The two of them collected more than 1,000 plastic bottles along the 40-day journey. 【答案】 meaningful 【解析】考查形容词。句意：曹认为这将使这次徒步旅行更加有意义。此处是make复合结构，应用形容词meaningful，作宾语补足语。故填meaningful。 10.（2022全国乙卷）“As a main promoter of the International Tea Day, the birthplace of tea and the largest tea-producing country, China has a __________ (responsible)to work with other countries to promote the healthy development of the tea industry. 【答案】responsibility 【解析】考查名词。句意：中国是茶的发源地和最大产茶国，作为国际茶日的主要推动者，中国有责任与其他国家共同促进茶产业的健康发展。不定冠词a后接可数名词的单数形式。故填responsibility。 11.（2021新课标I卷）The hot spring at the foot of the mountain is something you must try after the climb. It will ____________ (undoubted) help you get refreshed! 【答案】 undoubtedly 【解析】考查副词。句意：山脚下的温泉是你登山后必须尝试的体验，它无疑能让你重新焕发活力！修饰动词help，用副词形式。 12.（2021天津卷）As working from home becomes ____________(increasing) common, people are finding it easier to combine parenthood with a full-time career. 【答案】increasingly 【解析】考查副词。句意：随着在家工作变得越来越普遍，人们发现为人父母与全职工作相结合变得越来越容易。increasingly越来越多地，渐增地。根据后文“people are finding it easier to combine parenthood with a full-time career”可知人们发现为人父母与全职工作相结合变得越来越容易，是因为在家工作变得越来越普遍，increasingly符合语境。 13.（2021新课标II卷）I told him how ____________ (harm) plastic could be to the environment and asked him to consider using more eco-friendly options. 【答案】harmful 【解析】考查形容词。句意：我告诉他塑料对环境的危害，并请他考虑使用更环保的产品。该处为how引导的感叹句，how之后接形容词，所以填harmful。 14.（2021全国乙卷）Provide ____________ (finance) aid and other benefits for local peoples. 【答案】 financial 【解析】句意：为当地人民提供财政援助和其他福利。根据空后名词aid可知，空格处应填形容词来修饰名词aid，finance的形容词形式为financial。故填financial。 15.（2021新课标II卷）A company ________ (represent) wrote back and told me the airline was switching over from plastic to paper cups on all of its 1,200 daily flights. 【答案】 representative 【解析】考查名词。句意：一位公司代表回信告诉我，该航空公司将把每天1200个航班的塑料杯换成纸杯。该空作句子主语，用名词，前面有不定冠词修饰，用名词单数，所以填representative。 16.（2020全国III卷）As the small boat moved ____________ (gentle) along the river he was left speechless by the mountains being silently reflected in the water. 【答案】gently 【解析】句意：当小船缓缓地沿着江面移动时，山在水中的倒影使他说不出话来。此处修饰动词moved应用副词gently作状语，表示“缓缓地”。故填gently。 17.（2020全国I卷）Landing on the moon’s far side is ____________ (extreme) challenging. 【答案】extremely 【解析】句意：登录月球的背面是极其有挑战性的。空处修饰形容词challenging，应使用extreme的副词形式，故填extremely。 二、推测下列划线部分的词义 1.（2025年新高考I卷阅读）Batteries are energy - efficient and electric cars can plug into existing systems and services . 【答案】插入 【解析】考查构词法转化。plug本义“插头，塞子”，此处作动词“插入插头”。句意电池是节能的，电动汽车可以接入现有的系统和服务。 2.（2024年浙江卷1月）If you take an online course, what can you do to ensure the best possible grade? 【答案】确保 【解析】考查派生词。句意：如果你参加了一个在线课程，你能做些什么来确保最好的成绩呢？ 3.（2024年新高考II卷） The best way to ease pressureon over-touristed destinations is to go somewhere else. 【答案】游客过多的 【解析】考查构词法。over-touristed由over+tourist+ed合成。句意：缓解过度旅游目的地压力的最好办法是去别的地方。 4.（2023年全国甲卷）Obviously, if precautions(预防) aren’t taken, grizzlies can become troublesome,sometimes killing farm animals or walking through yards in search of food. 【答案】令人烦恼的 【解析】考查构词法。句意：显然，如果不采取预防措施，灰熊就会变得麻烦，有时会杀死农场动物或穿过院子寻找食物。 5.（2023年新高考I卷）Although the studies led by Navajas have limitations and many questions remain, the potential implications for group discussion and decision-making are enormous. 【答案】 1.limitation n. 限制，边界；限制；局限；极限； 2.implication n. 含义；可能的影响（或作用、结果）；暗指；（被）牵连；[逻辑学]蕴涵， 3.discussion n. 讨论；论述 4. decision-making n. 决策 【解析】考查构词法，句意：尽管由纳瓦哈斯人领导的研究有局限性，而且仍存在许多问题，但其对小组讨论和决策的潜在影响是巨大的。 6.（2023·浙江1月考）Artificial intelligence ensures humans a bright future. 【答案】确保 【解析】考查猜测词义。句意：人工智能确保了人类光明的未来。 7. （2023 北京卷）The inability to engage with longer-term causes and consequences leads to some of the world’s most serious problems: climate change, biodiversity collapse, and more. 【答案】无力 【解析】考查猜测词义。句意：无法参与长期的原因和后果，导致了世界上一些最严重的问题：气候变化、生物多样性崩溃等等。 8.（2021·新高考全国Ⅱ卷）Pete Bonds is inexperienced in using robots, so he still hires cowboys to watch cattle? 【答案】没有经验的 【解析】考查猜测词义。句意：皮特·邦兹在使用机器人方面没有经验，所以他还雇牛仔来看牛？ 9.（2023·新高考全国Ⅱ卷改编）The impact of the programme is unidentifiable. 【答案】无法确认的 【解析】考查猜测词义。句意：该计划的影响是无法识别的。 10. （2023·全国乙卷）In addition to the problem of miscomprehension from both sides, there are victories accidentally or deliberately twisted, especially when only the victors know how to write. 【答案】误解 【解析】考查猜测词义。句意：除了双方误解的问题外，还有一些意外或故意扭曲的胜利，特别是当只有胜利者知道如何写作的时候。 11.What can be done to slow down or stop the process of desertification? A great deal of work is already under way.  【答案】沙漠化 【解析】考查猜测词义。句意：怎样做才能减缓或阻止沙漠化的进程？大量的工作已经在进行中了。 12.（2023 新高考卷II）At the beginning of the text the author describes that many cities are overpopulated. 【答案】人口过多的 【解析】考查猜测词义。句意：在文章的开头，作者描述了许多城市的过度拥挤。 13.（2023·全国甲卷）If we want to reconstruct what was actually going on that day, the shield must be questioned and interpreted as deeply and strictly as the written reports. 【答案】重建; 修复; 使重现; 重造 【解析】考查猜测词义。句意：如果我们想重建那天实际发生的事情，保护人必须像书面报告一样深入和严格地被质疑和解释。 14.（2021·新高考全国Ⅱ卷）Spend a few minutes looking through the book. Look at the table of contents, the preface, the chapter heading, etc. 【答案】前言; (书的)序言 【解析】考查猜测词义。句意：花几分钟时间浏览一下这本书。看看目录、前言、章节标题等。 15.（2022·新高考全国II卷）We offer scholarships to low-income schools and youth organizations, subject to availability. Participation in a post-visit survey is required. 【答案】访问后的 【解析】考查猜测词义。句意：我们为低收入学校和青年组织提供奖学金，视情况而定。需要参与访问后的调查。 16.（2019·全国卷Ⅱ）The microorganisms from our bodies grow uncontrollably on surfaces of the International Space Station, so astronauts spend hours cleaning them up each week. 【答案】微生物 【解析】考查猜测词义。句意：来自我们身体的微生物无法控制地生长在国际空间站的表面上，所以宇航员每周要花几个小时清理它们。 17.（2020·全国卷III）Four years ago they all moved into a three-storey Victorian house in Bristol—one of a growing number of multigenerational families in the UK living together under the same roof. 【答案】几代人的 【解析】考查猜测词义。句意：年前，他们都搬进了布里斯托尔的一栋三层的维多利亚式住宅——这是英国越来越多的多代人居住在同一个屋檐下的家庭之一。 18.（2023·浙江1月考）A machine can now not only beat you at chess, it can also outperform you in debate. 【答案】战胜 【解析】考查猜测词义。句意：一台机器现在不仅能在国际象棋上打败你，而且还能在国际辩论赛中胜过你。 19.Thanks to AI, I've got my own super-smart personal assistant built into my phone. 【答案】超级智能 【解析】考查猜测词义。句意：由于AI，我的手机内置了我自己的超智能个人助理。 20.（2018·浙江卷）And while plastic bags may be ugly to look at, they represent a small percentage of all garbage on the ground today. 【答案】百分率 【解析】考查猜测词义。句意：虽然塑料袋看起来可能很难看，但它们只占今天地上所有垃圾的一小部分。 21.（2020·全国新高考Ⅱ卷）I was back teaching after an absence of 15 years, dealing with the various kinds of “forbidden fruit” that come out of book bags. 【答案】缺席 【解析】考查猜测词义。句意：在离开学校15年后，我又回到学校教书，处理着从书包里冒出来的各种“禁果”。 22.（2023·北京卷）The inability to engage with longer-term causes and consequences leads to some of the world’s most serious problems：climate change, biodiversity collapse, and more. 【答案】生物多样性 【解析】考查猜测词义。句意：无法参与长期的原因和后果，导致了世界上一些最严重的问题：气候变化、生物多样性崩溃等等。 23.（2023·全国甲卷）Issaya Siamese Club is internationally known Thai chef Ian Kittichai’s first flagship Bangkok restaurant. 【答案】旗舰店 【解析】考查猜测词义。句意：Issaya Siamese 俱乐部是国际知名的泰国厨师伊恩·基蒂柴在曼谷的第一家旗舰餐厅。 24.（2018·全国卷Ⅰ）All riders are equipped with reflective vests and safety lights. 【答案】反光的 【解析】考查猜测词义。句意：所有骑手都配备了反光背心和安全灯。 25.While it may sound like an advantage to many, people with this rare condition often find their unusual ability burdensome. 【答案】难以负担的 【解析】考查猜测词义。句意：虽然这对许多人来说可能是一种优势，但患有这种罕见疾病的人经常发现他们不寻常的能力负担。 26.（2023·全国甲卷）Today, there are about 2,000 or more grizzly bears in the US. Their recovery has been so successful that the US Fish and Wildlife Service has twice attempted to delist grizzlies, which would loosen legal protections and allow them to be hunted. 【答案】放松 【解析】考查猜测词义。句意：如今，美国大约有2000只或更多的灰熊。它们的恢复非常成功，以至于美国鱼类和野生动物管理局曾两次试图将灰熊退出被保护的序列，这将放松法律保护，允许它们被猎杀。 27.（2023·新高考Ⅱ卷）From a 21st-century point of view, the printed book is certainly ancient, but it remains as interactive as any battery-powered e-reader. 【答案】电池驱动的 【解析】考查猜测词义。句意：从21世纪的角度来看，这本印刷的书当然是古老的，但它仍然和任何电池驱动的电子阅读器一样具有互动性。 28.（2020·全国卷III）The artist was sure he would be chosen, but when he presented his masterpiece to the emperor’s chief minister, the old man laughed. The wise old man told him to travel to the Li River—perhaps he could learn a little from the greatest artist in the world.  【答案】杰作 【解析】考查猜测词义。句意：这位艺术家肯定他会被选中，但当他把他的杰作呈现给皇帝的首席大臣时，老人笑了。聪明的老人告诉他去丽江——也许他可以从世界上最伟大的艺术家那里学到一点东西。 三、理解下列划线词汇的词性转化 1.（2025·全国II卷·阅读理解A）ship The shape creates a perfect market where goods could be shipped and received using the river as a highway. （名词转化为动词）[名词]n.船,（舰船上的）全体船员[动词]vt.& vi.运送; vt.把…装上船 注意过去式shipped 2. （2025·全国II卷·阅读理解C）flood But the opposite happened: She was flooded, shipping out 1,200 orders in June of 2020 alone. 但结果却截然相反：她忙得不可开交，仅2020年6月就发出了1200份订单。 （名词转化为动词）【名词】n. 洪水；水灾 v. 淹没【动词】v. 大量涌来；大量涌去 3. （2025·全国II卷·阅读理解C）leave Our study showed that there was a 30% decrease in sick leave for people who were in plant-rich workplaces. 我们的研究表明，在植物丰富的办公环境中工作的人，病假减少了30%。 （动词转化为名词）【动词】v. 离开（某地）；辞去（工作、职务等）【名词】n. 假期；休假 四、理解下列所填词的词性转化 1. Could you please ________ (hand) me the dictionary on the top shelf? I can't reach it. 【答案】hand 【解析】考查名词转动词。句意：你能把顶层书架上的字典递给我吗？我够不着。“hand” 作名词意为 “手”，转化为动词意为 “递”，符合语境，故填 hand。 2. The ________ (old) in our community are taken good care of by volunteers who visit them regularly. 【答案】old 【解析】考查形容词转名词。句意：我们社区的老年人得到志愿者的悉心照顾，他们会定期探访。“the + 形容词” 表一类人，“the old” 意为 “老年人”，故填 old。 3. We should ________ (water) the plants every morning to keep them green and healthy. 【答案】water 【解析】考查名词转动词。句意：我们应该每天早上给植物浇水，让它们保持翠绿健康。“water” 作名词意为 “水”，转化为动词意为 “浇水”，故填 water。 4. After trying several times, he finally had a ________ (try) and succeeded in solving the problem. 【答案】try 【解析】考查动词转名词。句意：尝试了几次后，他终于试了一次，成功解决了问题。“try” 作动词意为 “尝试”，转化为名词意为 “尝试”，“have a try” 为固定短语，故填 try。 5. It's important to ________ (perfect) your communication skills to get along well with others. 【答案】perfect 【解析】考查形容词转动词。句意：完善沟通技巧对于与他人友好相处很重要。“perfect” 作形容词意为 “完美的”，转化为动词意为 “完善”，故填 perfect。 6 / 24网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题12 构词法 目 录 模拟·基础演练 1 重难·创新演练 7 真题·实战演练 13 模拟·基础演练 考查重点：熟悉派生构词法，常用前缀的用法，常用后缀的用法，掌握词的转化法，熟悉合成词的用法，在语境中填出词的正确的形式 一、词形转换填空 1．pleasant adj.令人愉快的；友好的→ vt.(使)高兴；(使)满意→ adj.高兴的；满意的→ adj.令人愉快的→ n. 快乐；乐趣 2．elegant adj. 精美的；讲究的；文雅的→ n. 优雅;端庄→ adv. 精美地；讲究地；文雅地 3．exceptional adj. 特别的；罕见的→ n. 例外；例外的人/事→ prep. 除……外 4．stable adj. 稳定的；稳重的→ adv. 稳定地；平稳地 5．modest adj. 些许的；谦虚的；朴素的→ n. 谦虚；朴素 6．freeze vi.& vt.(froze，frozen) 结冰；(使)冻住→ adj.极冷的；冰冻的→ adj.结冰的；冻僵的；冷冻的 7．electric adj.电的；用电的；电动的→ adj.与电有关的→ n. 电；电学 8．assistant  n.助理；助手→ vt.帮助；协助→ n.帮助；协助；援助 9．gifted  adj.有天赋的；有天才的；天资聪慧的→ n.礼物；天赋 10．challenge [n.] & [vt.] 挑战；质疑→ [adj.] 挑战性的 11．responsible [adj.] 有责任，负责；可靠的→ (反义词)→ [n.] 责任，职责 12．independent [adj.] 自主的，有主见的；自立的→ (反义词)→ [n.] 独立，自主→ (反义词) 13．technique [n.] 技巧，技艺；技能→ [adj.] 技术的，技能的→ [n.] 科技 14．contribution [n.] 贡献；捐款；捐赠→ [vi.] & [vt.] 做贡献；捐献；促成 15．fortunately [adv.] 幸运地，幸亏→ (反义词)→ [adj.] 幸运的→ [n.] 运气；巨款；命运 16．curiosity [n.]好奇心，求知欲；奇物，珍品→ [adj.]好奇的 17．politics [n.]政治，政治事务；(个人的)政治观点，政见→ [adj.]政治的；政党的 → [n.]政治家 18．memorable [adj.]难忘的，值得纪念的→ [n.]记忆力→ [vt.]记住 19．absorb [vt.]理解，掌握；吸收；吸引全部注意力→ [n.]吸收；专注 20．amuse [vt.] (提供)消遣；逗笑→ [adj.]被逗乐的，觉得好笑的→ [adj.]逗乐的，有乐趣的→ [n.]愉悦；娱乐活动 21．analyze [vt.]分析→ [n.]分析→ (复数) 22．severe [adj.]十分严重的，极为恶劣的；严厉的；艰难的→ [adv.]严重地→ [n.]严重性，严峻 23．anxiety [n.]焦虑；担心；渴望→ [adj.]焦虑的，担心的 24．explode v.突然增加 → ________________ n.突增，激增，爆炸 → ________________ adj.易爆炸的 25．inspire v. 激发；鼓舞；启示→________adj. 鼓舞人心的，启发灵感的→________n. 灵感，鼓舞人心的人或事→________adj. 受启发的 26．luckily adv. 幸运地；幸亏→________ adj. 幸运的→________ n. 运气 27．recognize v. 认出；识别；承认→________n. 认识，识别；承认，认可→________adj. 可识别的；可认识的；可承认的→________adj. 难以辨认的，无法识别的 28．strong adj. 强壮的→________n. 强烈程度；力量；长处→________v. 加强 29．organize v. 组织；安排；规划→________n. 组织者→________adj. 组织混乱的，杂乱无章的→________adj. 有组织的，有条理的→________n. 组织；机构；团体→________adj. 组织的 30．convenient adj. 方便的，便利的→________adv. 方便地；顺利地→________n. 方便，便利→________adj. 不方便的；麻烦的→________n. 不便 二、单词拼写 1．__________ (环保人士) are calling for a complete ban on single-use plastics. 2．Humans and animals should __________ (共存) on this planet peacefully. 3．__________ (可持续发展的) practices are essential for our planet’s future. 4．Many __________ (濒危的) species are protected by international laws. 5．________ (过度捕捞) has reduced fish stocks in many oceans significantly. 6．__________ (滥砍滥伐) is one of the main causes of climate change. 7．Regardless of their ___________ (不喜欢), I kept on planting my garden. 8．When your hands get injured, you cannot carry something ____________ (灵活). 9．In the event of an ________ (紧急情况), passengers should follow the instructions of the crew and remain calm at all times. 10．The new position invested her with a good deal of .(责任) 11．I thought this vast wave of food was the total number of dishes to be served, and I started eating (贪婪地). 12．Going into hospital can be very (令人害怕的) for a child. 13．The recent ________ (突破) in gene editing could potentially cure many genetic disorders. 14．Hobbies are thought to be not only relaxing, but also good for people to develop their _____ (个性). 15．Rapid __________ (城市化) has brought both opportunities and challenges to many developing countries. 16．Through ________ (勤奋), she mastered the piano after years of practice. 17．________ (毅力) allows you to keep trying even after repeated failures. 18．She is ________ (意志坚强的) enough to overcome any obstacle. 19．He wishes the government would be more (关注的) to details in their response. 20．Please be patient, for this is a slow (积累)of experience and knowledge. 21．His action had been greeted with almost universal (反对) and he was so discouraged. 22．We are what we eat. A good diet is (有益于) to health. 23．There has been very little renewal of (人员) in higher education. 24．Tu Youyou’s winning of the Nobel Prize means that TCM is getting international (认可). 25． (最近), citizens in Luhe have got the chance to experience a self-service store.   三、语篇语法填空 Passage 1 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。（2026·浙江宁波市镇海中学模拟预测） On hot summer days, when high temperatures often reduce people’s appetite, cold desserts tend to sound far more refreshing than a bowl of hot noodles. In ancient China, nobles enjoyed a special cold food known as Sushan, 1 many scholars regard as the earliest form of ice cream. The name Sushan, meaning crispy mountain, originally 2 (come) from its shape as well as its breakable structure. It looked like a small mountain of shaved ice 3 (combine) with milk, butter and sugar, and 4 (make) it more popular on special occasions, it was sometimes decorated with flowers and leaves. During the Tang Dynasty, the emperor’s court 5 (far) developed this dessert. Milk was sweetened, sometimes thickened with flour, and then iced through advanced 6 (cool) methods. Metal containers holding the mixture were often placed in ice with saltpeter (硝石), 7 substance that lowers the freezing point of water. This technique made it possible for the upper class to enjoy cold dishes 8 the fact that the weather itself was not that cold. Although Sushan was not exactly the same as modern ice cream, it shared several essential characteristics, and 9 (present) in a partly frozen state occasionally. It reflected not only the 10 (innovate) of ancient Chinese people, but also the special status that frozen desserts held in court life. Passage 2 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。（2026·江西三九校联考高三联合质量检测） For night owls and heat-weary travellers alike, travel has never been more exciting after dark. “Noctourism”, or nocturnal tourism, is booming globally, 1 (cover) everything from stargazing and night-time safaris to after-dark city walking tours and late-night museum openings. Market research specialist FMI predicts this fast-growing sector 2 (double) in size over the next decade, transforming into an industry worth £18 million by 2035. The driving forces behind the trend are twofold: overtourism and rising global temperatures. A recent survey 3 (conduct) by Booking.com found that 61% of travellers are now choosing nighttime activities to avoid the extreme heat of midday, especially in popular summer destinations. “I travelled to Japan in August and found the 40℃ temperatures 4 (bear),” says Margaret Abigail, a 34-year-old project manager from Kent, UK. “Instead of exploring Kyoto’s geisha district in the crowded, scorching daytime, I visited 5 it cooled down after dark. I had the historic streets practically to 6 (I), and the lantern-lit scenery felt far 7 (magic) than any daytime experience.” Beyond heat avoidance, noctourism also offers unique access 8 wildlife and cultural experiences unavailable in daylight. From bioluminescent (生物发光) beach walks to night markets 9 reflect local life authentically, this trend reshapes how people engage with travel destinations. As experts point out, successful noctourism requires careful planning to protect local ecosystems and residents’ daily rest. It is 10 balanced approach that ensures travel brings long-term benefits to both visitors and host communities. Passage 3 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。（2026·辽宁沈阳市教学质量监测（一）） I came to China to tell stories but ended up living them. Over the past 20 years since my arrival, I 1 (travel) to every province, collecting extraordinary experiences, from mountains and forests to remote villages and tundras (冻土), not to mention hunting with eagles on horseback. These stories didn’t just become popular videos. They rewrote my life. 2 (receive) China’s Special Book Award, the highest literary honor for foreigners, was both a surprise and an honor. This has opened new access to cultural exchange. Through writing and publishing, we don’t just translate words — we translate 3 (world). My latest book, Closer to Heaven, demonstrates many moving scenes 4 ordinary people are making efforts to improve their lives. Its emphasis on individual voices 5 (make) these stories resonate (共鸣) across cultures. I was 6 (particular) moved when Chinese readers said they learned about their own country through my writing. The book’s success in becoming 7 bestseller, as well as its translation into many languages, shows that these stories can bridge the gap 8 cultures. Every story we share, every book we publish, makes our world larger in 9 (imagine) and smaller in familiarity. And I, for one, am happy 10 (share) this world of words with you. 重难·创新演练 设题创新: 传统艺术(T1) 语言学习(T2); 虚拟博物馆(T3); 宁波博物馆(T4)；眼神交流(T5) 一、所给词的适当形式填空 1．【新情境·热爱中国】（2026·吉林省G35 联合体第一次模拟）To me, my love for China will only (deep) over time! 2．【新情境·先进科技】（2026·山东聊城市高与模拟试题英语（一））According to China Railway International, a subsidiary (子公司) of China State Railway Group, which oversaw (监管) the project, the trains, designed and developed by CRRC Qingdao Sifang Co., Ltd., were based on (advance) and mature technologies of China-made Fuxing bullet trains which operate at the speed of 350 km per hour. 3．【新情境·传统文化】（2026·河北唐山市第一次模拟演练）The name Qing Yin, meaning “clear and bright music,” reflects the belief that the most touching sounds are not produced by instruments alone but arise from wind, water, and the natural world, which lets sound move (free) through the space. 4．【新情境·传统工艺】（2026·河北唐山市第一次模拟演练）Constructed by craftsmen from Yangzhou using traditional techniques, the six-sided pavilion was built mainly from Chinese (structure) wood, stone, and other roof materials fired in kilns (窑) in China. 5.【新情境】（2026·辽宁沈阳市实验中学考前预测）Her famous line “You met me at a very Chinese time of my life” also resonated (wide) with global audiences. 6．【新情境】（2026·T8联盟新高考压轴训练（一））Rather than (faithful) staging the work, Li made many cuts. The focus is sharper now: a young woman’s awakening; and her decision to love at will. 7.【新情境】（2026·安徽淮南市高三二模）It is valued as a fine handicraft (手工艺品), a (meaning) gift, and performance tool. 8．【新情境·传统与科技】（2026·山东德州市二模）In line with China’s 15th Five-Year Plan, the Palace Museum is embracing digital (innovate) to preserve and promote Chinese cultural heritage and building an intelligent, open and shared “Digital Palace Museum” system. 9.【新情境·健康】（2026·湖北孝感市第二次统考）By 2030, the average life expectancy of the Chinese people is expected to reach 80 years, one year longer than that in 2024, according to top health official Lei Haichao, (direct) of the National Health Commission. 10．【新情境】（2026·河北枣强中学5月阶段检测）These skills may seem simple at first glance, but behind them lie years of persistent practice. Each craftsman shows a deep (commit) to their unique skill. 11．（2026·辽宁沈阳市实验中学考前预测）When Sherry XiiRuii, a content (create), started uploading short videos about daily Chinese habits in late 2025, something unexpected happened. 12．（2026·云南省高三第二次模拟）However, what enables it to unite people across the world is actually its sense of (slow) and tranquility (安宁), qualities that stand out as precious in contrast to the ever-shifting desires of our time. 13．（2026·江西乐平市模拟）Traditionally seen as practical items, straw hats are now regaining (popular) as fashionable accessories in the global market, significantly aided by a centuries-old craft from Shandong. 14．（2026·河南省许昌市统考）Other researchers have come to similar (conclude). With high-quality data extending back to the 1950s, we have a clear picture of long-term climate change. 15. （2026·安徽六安市压轴冲刺英语（一））“When learning Wuqinxi, each movement should focus on body balance and breath (adjust). You need to imitate (模仿) animal actions exactly and feel the smooth flow of qi in your body with full concentration,” explains a local visitor at the exhibition. 16.（2026·河北雄安考前适应性训练（一））To encourage deeper cultural (engage), Xitang actively promotes itself on social media and tourism platforms. Online ticketing, multilingual services and group discounts have made visits more accessible for overseas travelers as well. 17.（2026·广东江门市高考适应性测试）Her short videos which highlight the beauty and delicacy of Sichuan Opera have gone viral, inspiring a new-found (appreciate) among young people for classical performances like The Legend of the White Snake. 18.（2026·重庆市永川中学校第三次调研检测）Besides the (compete), participants also enjoyed various cultural activities, visiting the Harbin Ice-Snow World, feeding Siberian tigers and experiencing local cuisine. 19.（2026·广东汕头市普通高考第一次模拟）He introduced the students to a (simplify) system refined from the tradition’s 21 classic movements. The demonstration of brewing and sharing offered a practical entry point into a centuries-old practice without losing the essence of gongfu cha. 20.（2026·广东汕头市普通高考第一次模拟）In a classroom (temporary) decorated into a tea space, Ye Hanzhong, a national-level representative inheritor of gongfu cha, patiently taught students the steps of brewing tea (沏茶) . 21.（2026·广东汕头市普通高考第一次模拟）From water temperature and timing to the proper way of serving, Ye spoke with the same rhythm as tea itself— careful, (attention), unhurried. 二、语法填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Passage 1 【新情境·传统艺术】（2026·河南驻马店、信阳、南阳、三门峡、漯河五市联考） Yang Yongchao runs his fingers over a vase, whose surface shines in shades of purple and blue, like a sunset 1 (reflect) gracefully in water. “This one will go to London,” he says with a smile. Yang grew up in a small Henan town famous for Jun porcelain (钧瓷). 2 (remarkable), he chose this career path himself at a time when most young people sought careers in cities. “In my childhood, watching my father work 3 (draw) me in,” Yang recalls. Childhood curiosity gradually evolved 4 a lifelong career. Yet mastering the craft is no simple task. 5 fascinates him most is how the fire transforms the glaze (釉) into something unexpected. This very fascination has carried him through countless failures. His 6 (pursue) of the perfect post-rain blue took over a hundred attempts before finally succeeding. Such dedication also creates connections beyond languages. Yang once guided 7 American collector in shaping a vase. To the collector’s delight, it emerged from the kiln (窑) with a rare purple. That vase still sits on her desk, and she never tires of sending him 8 (photo) captured from every possible angle. Yang has authored a book and teaches international students, thus 9 (spread) this Chinese craft globally. When asked about the secret, he says, “It’s not just skill, 10 a conversation with the clay, the fire, and anyone who holds the piece. That is the real magic of Jun porcelain.” Passage 2 【新情境·语言学习】 （2026·湖南省长沙市第十五中学月考） I come from Tajikistan, 1 is a mountainous land in Central Asia, and Tajik (塔吉克语) —  a variety of Persian — is my native tongue. Early on I learned Russian, then English, but Chinese seemed 2 a mountain I’d never climb. When I arrived in China, I could recognize characters but could 3 (bare) speak. I was quiet and cautious, fearing to make mistakes. Motivation? It wasn’t enough. What I was lacking in was structure. One afternoon I attended a poetry recital (朗诵会). I 4 (hear) Chinese verses and felt their rhythm, finally realizing that I needed a system. I designed my own daily plan: write 25 Chinese characters every day, about two hours each session; play soft piano music in the background 5 (create) a calm study environment and reduce stress; tell myself, “Don’t be afraid of making mistakes — just start.” Soon, mistakes felt less 6 (scare). I figured out 7 to learn it — by stumbling (跌跌撞撞) and falling yet never giving up — just I learned to speak my first words as a child. During my 8 (engage) with learning, I often took part in cultural events. One unforgettable moment happened when I was teaching English to children. I brought my guitar and started singing You Are My Sunshine. The children sang along, smiling, and in their eyes, I suddenly saw 9 (l) — a student who was once just as scared to speak, but kept 10 (go) anyway. Passage 3 【新情境·虚拟博物馆】（2026·河南省郑州市郑州外国语学校高三调研6） Virtual museums no longer serve as backup options for those who cannot travel. They offer unique cultural value on their own. Over the past decade, digitalization 1 (become) a driving force in redefining the museum experience. With AI-powered tools, museums are adopting a range of technologies 2 (enhance) accessibility and visitor engagement. Instead of staring at static (静止的) images, people can interact with objects and explore rooms 3 (close) to the public in real life. The value lies not in copying physical museums 4 in offering what the physical world cannot. Some exhibits integrate animation, audio, and centered interpretation. Others reconstruct lost heritage or offer behind-the-scenes looks at preservation. A museum without walls can adapt and respond to cultural shifts with speed. Exhibits can go live. 5 (update) do not take months. The audience becomes part of the experience, not a silent 6 (observe). All of these are possible because of systems built to recreate, organize, and present knowledge in new ways. Each of these systems plays a different role. Together, they change 7 people access history. As we look ahead, museums, by embracing both digital transformation and cultural stewardship (守护), have 8 unique opportunity to become more inclusive, engaging, and 9 (sustain) than ever before. With innovation 10 the heart of the museum experience, the possibilities are limitless — and the next chapter of museum evolution is just beginning. Passage 4 【新情境·宁波博物馆】 （2026·安徽安庆市高三二模） Designed by Pritzker Prize winner Wang Shu and completed in 2008, the Ningbo Museum is a meaningful architectural statement 1 challenges usual modern design. More than a simple container for objects, the building itself is a 2 (strength) exhibit of cultural memory and new ideas. Its most eye-catching feature is its large front, 3 (make) from countless reused bricks, tiles, and stones. All these materials 4 (save) from local villages that had been pulled down. This “Wapan Wall” method 5 (true) plants the area’s history into the structure, making a real link to the past in a city that is becoming modern at 6 fast speed. The building 7 (look) like a mountain or an old rock coming from the earth. This reflects the nearby environment of Zhejiang Province. Inside, large areas are set around a central hall, with slopes and bridges leading 8 (visitor) as if going up a valley. Natural light comes in to light up plain concrete surfaces, helping to create a quiet mood. The Ningbo Museum does more than its basic job. It shows how modern buildings can be deeply connected 9 local conditions. It is a bridge between past 10 present, telling a silent story as if it speaks about time, memory, and the heart of a place. Passage 5 【新情境·眼神交流】 （2027·河南新乡市高三第一次模拟测试） In many Asian, African and Latin American cultures, 1 (extend) eye contact is impolite and it is thought of 2 an offensive or a challenge of authority. It is considered politer to have brief eye contact, especially between people of different social status (like a student and a teacher, or a child and his elder relatives). For example, if a Japanese woman avoids looking someone in the eye, she is not showing a lack of interest nor is 3 (she) showing a lack of confidence. Instead, she 4 (be) polite, respectful and appropriate according to her culture. So in many of these cultures, you should take care of 5 kind of eye contact you initiate with those who are your 6 (superior) or in authority over you, so that you are not thought to be 7 (respect) or rude. As you can see, it is vital for you to know what eye contact communicates before you visit a new culture. Before you travel, you can either look up relevant information in your local public library 8 check out a book about the culture of the country you plan to visit in a bookstore. Learn how to make use of eye contact and other body language 9 (flexible) so that you 10 (perceive) to be polite, and so that you can better connect with people who are foreign to you! 真题·实战演练 高频考点：熟悉派生构词法，常用前缀的用法，常用后缀的用法，掌握词的转化法，熟悉合成词的用法，在语境中填出词的正确的形式 一、单句语法填空 1.（2023全国甲卷）The themes of traditional fables often deal with simple truths about everyday life. However, Cason’s theme is a more weighty __________ (warn) about environmental destruction. 2.（2023新课标II卷）So, what are they learning? 43 (basic), how to describe a panda’s life. 3.（2023新课标I卷）Xiao long bao (soup dumplings), those amazing constructions of delicate dumpling wrappers, encasing hot, 36 (taste) soup and sweet, fresh meat, are far and away my favorite Chinese street food. 4.（2023全国乙卷）The 69 (remark) development of this city, which is consciously designed to protect the past while stepping into the modern world, means there is always something new to discover here, and I could be photographing Beijing for the next 50 years. 5.（2023浙江1月卷）The hutongs they formed were orderly, lined by (space) homes and walled gardens. 6.（2023浙江1月卷）The term “hutong”, (original)meaning “water well” in Mongolian, appeared first during the Yuan Dynasty. 7.（2022新课标I卷）The GPNP’s main goal is to improve connectivity between separate populations and homes of giant pandas, and ____________ (eventual)achieve a desired level of population in the wild. 8.（2022新课标II卷）When he looked down, he ____________ (accidental ) slipped and fell over the edge. 9.（2022全国甲卷）Cao believes this will make the hiking trip even more ____________ (meaning). The two of them collected more than 1,000 plastic bottles along the 40-day journey. 10.（2022全国乙卷）“As a main promoter of the International Tea Day, the birthplace of tea and the largest tea-producing country, China has a __________ (responsible)to work with other countries to promote the healthy development of the tea industry. 11.（2021新课标I卷）The hot spring at the foot of the mountain is something you must try after the climb. It will ____________ (undoubted) help you get refreshed! 12.（2021天津卷）As working from home becomes ____________(increasing) common, people are finding it easier to combine parenthood with a full-time career. 13.（2021新课标II卷）I told him how ____________ (harm) plastic could be to the environment and asked him to consider using more eco-friendly options. 14.（2021全国乙卷）Provide ____________ (finance) aid and other benefits for local peoples. 15.（2021新课标II卷）A company ________ (represent) wrote back and told me the airline was switching over from plastic to paper cups on all of its 1,200 daily flights. 16.（2020全国III卷）As the small boat moved ____________ (gentle) along the river he was left speechless by the mountains being silently reflected in the water. 17.（2020全国I卷）Landing on the moon’s far side is ____________ (extreme) challenging. 二、推测下列划线部分的词义 1.（2025年新高考I卷阅读）Batteries are energy - efficient and electric cars can plug into existing systems and services . 2.（2024年浙江卷1月）If you take an online course, what can you do to ensure the best possible grade? 3.（2024年新高考II卷） The best way to ease pressureon over-touristed destinations is to go somewhere else. 4.（2023年全国甲卷）Obviously, if precautions(预防) aren’t taken, grizzlies can become troublesome,sometimes killing farm animals or walking through yards in search of food. 5.（2023年新高考I卷）Although the studies led by Navajas have limitations and many questions remain, the potential implications for group discussion and decision-making are enormous. 6.（2023·浙江1月考）Artificial intelligence ensures humans a bright future. 7. （2023 北京卷）The inability to engage with longer-term causes and consequences leads to some of the world’s most serious problems: climate change, biodiversity collapse, and more. 8.（2021·新高考全国Ⅱ卷）Pete Bonds is inexperienced in using robots, so he still hires cowboys to watch cattle? 9.（2023·新高考全国Ⅱ卷改编）The impact of the programme is unidentifiable. 10. （2023·全国乙卷）In addition to the problem of miscomprehension from both sides, there are victories accidentally or deliberately twisted, especially when only the victors know how to write. 11.What can be done to slow down or stop the process of desertification? A great deal of work is already under way.  12.（2023 新高考卷II）At the beginning of the text the author describes that many cities are overpopulated. 13.（2023·全国甲卷）If we want to reconstruct what was actually going on that day, the shield must be questioned and interpreted as deeply and strictly as the written reports. 14.（2021·新高考全国Ⅱ卷）Spend a few minutes looking through the book. Look at the table of contents, the preface, the chapter heading, etc. 15.（2022·新高考全国II卷）We offer scholarships to low-income schools and youth organizations, subject to availability. Participation in a post-visit survey is required. 16.（2019·全国卷Ⅱ）The microorganisms from our bodies grow uncontrollably on surfaces of the International Space Station, so astronauts spend hours cleaning them up each week. 17.（2020·全国卷III）Four years ago they all moved into a three-storey Victorian house in Bristol—one of a growing number of multigenerational families in the UK living together under the same roof. 18.（2023·浙江1月考）A machine can now not only beat you at chess, it can also outperform you in debate. 19.Thanks to AI, I've got my own super-smart personal assistant built into my phone. 20.（2018·浙江卷）And while plastic bags may be ugly to look at, they represent a small percentage of all garbage on the ground today. 21.（2020·全国新高考Ⅱ卷）I was back teaching after an absence of 15 years, dealing with the various kinds of “forbidden fruit” that come out of book bags. 22.（2023·北京卷）The inability to engage with longer-term causes and consequences leads to some of the world’s most serious problems：climate change, biodiversity collapse, and more. 23.（2023·全国甲卷）Issaya Siamese Club is internationally known Thai chef Ian Kittichai’s first flagship Bangkok restaurant. 24.（2018·全国卷Ⅰ）All riders are equipped with reflective vests and safety lights. 25.While it may sound like an advantage to many, people with this rare condition often find their unusual ability burdensome. 26.（2023·全国甲卷）Today, there are about 2,000 or more grizzly bears in the US. Their recovery has been so successful that the US Fish and Wildlife Service has twice attempted to delist grizzlies, which would loosen legal protections and allow them to be hunted. 27.（2023·新高考Ⅱ卷）From a 21st-century point of view, the printed book is certainly ancient, but it remains as interactive as any battery-powered e-reader. 28.（2020·全国卷III）The artist was sure he would be chosen, but when he presented his masterpiece to the emperor’s chief minister, the old man laughed. The wise old man told him to travel to the Li River—perhaps he could learn a little from the greatest artist in the world.  三、理解下列划线词汇的词性转化 1.（2025·全国II卷·阅读理解A）ship The shape creates a perfect market where goods could be shipped and received using the river as a highway. 2. （2025·全国II卷·阅读理解C）flood But the opposite happened: She was flooded, shipping out 1,200 orders in June of 2020 alone. 但结果却截然相反：她忙得不可开交，仅2020年6月就发出了1200份订单。 3. （2025·全国II卷·阅读理解C）leave Our study showed that there was a 30% decrease in sick leave for people who were in plant-rich workplaces. 我们的研究表明，在植物丰富的办公环境中工作的人，病假减少了30%。 四、理解下列所填词的词性转化 1. Could you please ________ (hand) me the dictionary on the top shelf? I can't reach it. 2. The ________ (old) in our community are taken good care of by volunteers who visit them regularly. 3. We should ________ (water) the plants every morning to keep them green and healthy. 4. After trying several times, he finally had a ________ (try) and succeeded in solving the problem. 5. It's important to ________ (perfect) your communication skills to get along well with others. 6 / 24网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $