专题14 构词法（专项练习）- 高中英语重点语法思维导图

专题十四 构词法 高考真题 1.【2025年全国一卷】“Central Asia is a fragile region, politically weak but ______ (strategic) important.” 答案：“strategically” 详解：“strategic”是形容词，此处需用副词形式修饰形容词“important”，考查了形容词变副词的构词法。 2.【2025年全国一卷】“It inspired artists to create oil paintings ______ (digital) generated graphics and silk - screen prints sculptures，for the showcase.” 答案：“digitally” 详解：“digital”为形容词，这里用副词形式修饰过去分词“generated”，考查形容词变副词的构词法。 3.【2024·全国卷Ⅰ卷】Chengdu has dozens of new millionaires, Asia's biggest building, and fancy new hotels. But for tourists like me, pandas are its top ________ (attract). 答案：attraction 详解：此处作表语且前面由its top修饰，应当用attract的名词形式attraction，意为“吸引人之物，诱惑物”。 4.【2024·全国卷Ⅱ卷】This switch has decreased ________ (pollute) in the country's major lakes and reservoirs and made drinking water safer for people. 答案：pollution 详解：decrease“降低，削减”，为及物动词，后接名词作宾语，故填名词pollution。 5.【2024·全国卷Ⅲ卷】She is determined to carry on with her ________ (educate). 答案：education 详解：前面有形容词性物主代词her，此处应当运用动词educate的名词形式education作宾语。 6.【2024·全国卷Ⅲ卷】Some people think that the great Chinese scholar Confucius, who lived from roughly 551 to 479 B．C., influenced the __________ (develop) of chopsticks. 答案：development 详解：依据空前面的the和空后面的of可知，此处需填develop的名词形式development。 7.【2024·6月浙江高考】Researchers have found that there is a direct link between the increase in food eaten outside the home and the rise in ________(weigh) problems. 答案：weight 详解：依据语境可知，此处表示体重方面的问题，故此处填名词作定语。 8.【2024·全国卷Ⅰ卷】Running is cheap, easy and it's always ________ (energy). 答案：energetic 详解：根据句子结构可知，此处应当运用与其前的cheap, easy相同形式的形容词energetic作表语。 9.【2024·全国卷Ⅰ卷】It is difficult to figure out a global population of polar bears as much of the range has been________(poor) studied. 答案：poorly 详解：修饰动词studied应用形容词poor的副词形式poorly。 10.【2024·全国卷Ⅱ卷】________(fortunate), after a brief stay in hospital, Ben was well enough to be allowed to leave and later the family met up for dinner. 答案：Fortunately 详解：副词作状语修饰整个句子，故用Fortunately。 最新试题 1.【2025·广东省佛山市南海区高三质检】The scientist made a ________ (break) discovery that could change the course of medical research. 答案：breakthrough 详解：考查动词派生为名词。空格处需名词作定语修饰“discovery”，动词“break”通过派生法加后缀“-through”构成名词“breakthrough”，意为“突破性的”，符合语境。 2.【2025·江苏省南京市金陵中学月考】With our study, we think we can now ________ (confident) conclude that at least some dogs can distinguish human facial expressions. 答案：confidently 详解：考查形容词派生为副词。空格处需副词修饰动词“conclude”，形容词“confident”加后缀“-ly”派生为副词“confidently”，意为“自信地”。 3.【2025·湖北省华中师范大学第一附属中学月考】Chinese New Year is a ________ (celebrate) marking the end of the winter season and the beginning of spring. 答案：celebration 详解：考查动词派生为名词。空格处被冠词“a”限定，需名词作表语，动词“celebrate”去“e”加后缀“-ion”派生为名词“celebration”，意为“庆祝活动”。 4.【2025·山东省实验中学高三月考】Filled with ________ (curious), the artist packed his bags and left for the remote village. 答案：curiosity 详解：考查形容词派生为名词。空格处作介词“with”的宾语，需名词形式，形容词“curious”去掉“-ous”加后缀“-osity”派生为名词“curiosity”，意为“好奇心”。 5.【2025·四川省成都外国语学校高三检测】As the small boat moved ________ (gentle) along the river, he was left speechless by the beautiful scenery. 答案：gently 详解：考查形容词派生为副词。空格处修饰动词“moved”，需副词形式，形容词“gentle”去“e”加后缀“-y”派生为副词“gently”，意为“轻柔地”。 6.【2025·辽宁省东北育才学校高三检测】Historical ________ (accurate) is important but so is entertainment in documentary films. 答案：accuracy 详解：考查形容词派生为名词。空格处作主语，需名词形式，形容词“accurate”去掉“-ate”加后缀“-cy”派生为名词“accuracy”，意为“准确性”。 7.【2025·浙江省杭州第二中学高三模拟】The ________ (danger) of smoking to health has been proven by numerous scientific studies. 答案：danger 详解：考查形容词派生为名词。空格处作主语，需名词形式，形容词“dangerous”去掉后缀“-ous”还原为名词“danger”，意为“危害”。 8.【2025·天津市耀华中学高三月考】The ________ (noise) children in the next room made it impossible for me to focus on my work. 答案：noisy 详解：考查名词派生为形容词。空格处修饰名词“children”，需形容词形式，名词“noise”加后缀“-y”派生为形容词“noisy”，意为“吵闹的”。 9.【2025·河南省南阳市第一中学高三月考】She is always ________ (thank) for the help she receives from her colleagues. 答案：thankful 详解：考查动词派生为形容词。空格处作表语，需形容词形式，动词“thank”加后缀“-ful”派生为形容词“thankful”，意为“感激的”。 10.【2025·陕西省西安交通大学附属中学月考】His ________ (suggest) on environmental protection were highly praised by the committee. 答案：suggestions 详解：考查动词派生为名词。空格处作主语，需名词形式，动词“suggest”加后缀“-ion”派生为名词“suggestion”，结合谓语“were”可知用复数“suggestions”。 11.【2025·福建省福州第一中学高三检测】The ________ (invent) of the Internet has transformed the way we communicate and work. 答案：invention 详解：考查动词派生为名词。空格处作主语，需名词形式，动词“invent”加后缀“-ion”派生为名词“invention”，意为“发明”。 12.【2025·湖南省长郡中学高三月考】He speaks English so ________ (fluent) that he can communicate with native speakers without difficulty. 答案：fluently 详解：考查形容词派生为副词。空格处修饰动词“speaks”，需副词形式，形容词“fluent”加后缀“-ly”派生为副词“fluently”，意为“流利地”。 13.【2025·重庆市大学城第一中学校月考】Many people in China have limited ________ (expose) to English, which makes learning it extra hard. 答案：exposure 详解：考查动词派生为名词。空格处作“have”的宾语，需名词形式，动词“expose”加后缀“-ure”派生为名词“exposure”，意为“接触”。 14.【2025·黑龙江省哈尔滨市德强高级中学高三月考】The ________ (develop) of renewable energy is crucial for reducing carbon emissions. 答案：development 详解：考查动词派生为名词。空格处作主语，需名词形式，动词“develop”加后缀“-ment”派生为名词“development”，意为“发展”。 15.【2025·新疆乌鲁木齐市第八中学高三第二次月考】The story was so ________ (interest) that all the students listened carefully until the end. 答案：interesting 详解：考查动词派生为形容词。空格处作表语，修饰事物“story”，动词“interest”加后缀“-ing”派生为形容词“interesting”，意为“有趣的”。 16.【2025·江苏省盐城市射阳县射阳中学月考】My grandmother still uses a ________ (wash) machine that she bought twenty years ago. 答案：washing 详解：考查合成名词。空格处需合成词修饰“machine”，“wash”（动词）加“-ing”与“machine”构成合成名词“washing machine”，意为“洗衣机”，为固定搭配。 17.【2025·广东省东莞市麻涌中学月考】The ________ (English-speak) countries have a long history of cultural exchanges with China. 答案：English-speaking 详解：考查合成形容词。空格处需合成词修饰“countries”，“English”（名词）加“-speaking”（现在分词）构成合成形容词“English-speaking”，意为“讲英语的”。 18.【2025·安徽省高中毕业班第二次联考】We need to find a ________ (solution) to the problem as soon as possible. 答案：solution 详解：考查合成名词。空格处需名词作宾语，“solve”（动词）通过合成法加后缀“-tion”构成名词“solution”，意为“解决方案”，属于常见派生合成词。 19.【2025·江苏省无锡市滨湖区无锡市第一中学期末】Please ________ (hand) in your homework before the class begins tomorrow. 答案：hand 详解：考查名词转换为动词。空格处需动词作谓语，“hand”由名词（手）转换为动词，意为“上交”，“hand in”为固定短语。 20.【2025·辽宁省大连市第二十四中学高三检测】The company plans to ________ (market) its new product in Asian countries next year. 答案：market 详解：考查名词转换为动词。空格处需动词作谓语，“market”由名词（市场）转换为动词，意为“推广，营销”，符合语境。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题十四 构词法 高考真题 1.【2025年全国一卷】“Central Asia is a fragile region, politically weak but ______ (strategic) important.” 2.【2025年全国一卷】“It inspired artists to create oil paintings ______ (digital) generated graphics and silk - screen prints sculptures，for the showcase.” 3.【2024·全国卷Ⅰ卷】Chengdu has dozens of new millionaires, Asia's biggest building, and fancy new hotels. But for tourists like me, pandas are its top ________ (attract). 4.【2024·全国卷Ⅱ卷】This switch has decreased ________ (pollute) in the country's major lakes and reservoirs and made drinking water safer for people. 5.【2024·全国卷Ⅲ卷】She is determined to carry on with her ________ (educate). 6.【2024·全国卷Ⅲ卷】Some people think that the great Chinese scholar Confucius, who lived from roughly 551 to 479 B．C., influenced the __________ (develop) of chopsticks. 7.【2024·6月浙江高考】Researchers have found that there is a direct link between the increase in food eaten outside the home and the rise in ________(weigh) problems. 8.【2024·全国卷Ⅰ卷】Running is cheap, easy and it's always ________ (energy). 9.【2024·全国卷Ⅰ卷】It is difficult to figure out a global population of polar bears as much of the range has been________(poor) studied. 10.【2024·全国卷Ⅱ卷】________(fortunate), after a brief stay in hospital, Ben was well enough to be allowed to leave and later the family met up for dinner. 最新试题 1.【2025·广东省佛山市南海区高三质检】The scientist made a ________ (break) discovery that could change the course of medical research. 2.【2025·江苏省南京市金陵中学月考】With our study, we think we can now ________ (confident) conclude that at least some dogs can distinguish human facial expressions. 3.【2025·湖北省华中师范大学第一附属中学月考】Chinese New Year is a ________ (celebrate) marking the end of the winter season and the beginning of spring. 4.【2025·山东省实验中学高三月考】Filled with ________ (curious), the artist packed his bags and left for the remote village. 5.【2025·四川省成都外国语学校高三检测】As the small boat moved ________ (gentle) along the river, he was left speechless by the beautiful scenery. 6.【2025·辽宁省东北育才学校高三检测】Historical ________ (accurate) is important but so is entertainment in documentary films. 7.【2025·浙江省杭州第二中学高三模拟】The ________ (danger) of smoking to health has been proven by numerous scientific studies. 8.【2025·天津市耀华中学高三月考】The ________ (noise) children in the next room made it impossible for me to focus on my work. 9.【2025·河南省南阳市第一中学高三月考】She is always ________ (thank) for the help she receives from her colleagues. 10.【2025·陕西省西安交通大学附属中学月考】His ________ (suggest) on environmental protection were highly praised by the committee. 11.【2025·福建省福州第一中学高三检测】The ________ (invent) of the Internet has transformed the way we communicate and work. 12.【2025·湖南省长郡中学高三月考】He speaks English so ________ (fluent) that he can communicate with native speakers without difficulty. 13.【2025·重庆市大学城第一中学校月考】Many people in China have limited ________ (expose) to English, which makes learning it extra hard. 14.【2025·黑龙江省哈尔滨市德强高级中学高三月考】The ________ (develop) of renewable energy is crucial for reducing carbon emissions. 15.【2025·新疆乌鲁木齐市第八中学高三第二次月考】The story was so ________ (interest) that all the students listened carefully until the end. 16.【2025·江苏省盐城市射阳县射阳中学月考】My grandmother still uses a ________ (wash) machine that she bought twenty years ago. 17.【2025·广东省东莞市麻涌中学月考】The ________ (English-speak) countries have a long history of cultural exchanges with China. 18.【2025·安徽省高中毕业班第二次联考】We need to find a ________ (solution) to the problem as soon as possible. 19.【2025·江苏省无锡市滨湖区无锡市第一中学期末】Please ________ (hand) in your homework before the class begins tomorrow. 20.【2025·辽宁省大连市第二十四中学高三检测】The company plans to ________ (market) its new product in Asian countries next year. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $