外刊英语阅读汇编-2027届高三英语二轮阅读理解专项练习（十一）

**基本信息** 聚焦外刊科普与社科文，通过题型分类（细节/态度/词义/主旨）构建“定位-分析-概括”解题体系，强化语言能力与思维品质。 **专项设计** |模块|题量/典例|方法提炼|知识逻辑| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |神经科学（2篇）|每篇5题，覆盖4类核心题型|细节题定位原文、态度题分析倾向词、词义题结合语境、主旨题概括核心|从具体信息到整体观点，构建“信息提取-推理判断-综合概括”认知链条| |健康饮食/社会心理（2篇）|每篇5题，含干扰项辨析|通过题干关键词精准定位，利用上下文逻辑排除干扰|主题贴近热点，题型对应高考高频考点，形成“外刊素材-题型解法-核心素养”训练闭环|

2026-2027外刊英语阅读汇编 高三英语二轮阅读理解专项练习（十一） 类别：认知教育科普（2篇）&自然生物科普（1篇）&社会心理社科文（1篇） Passage 1：多语言学习延缓大脑衰老（神经科学） Learning another language could slow ageing in the brain by up to 13 years, according to research. People who speak more than one language seem to have younger brains and the more languages you speak and the earlier you speak them, the better, according to findings from a study being presented at the Federation of European Neuroscience Societies conference in Barcelona. The study found that those who spoke two languages had brains that appeared around six years younger than those who spoke only one language. People who spoke three languages had brains that appeared around seven years younger, and for those who spoke four languages, their brains appeared about 13 years younger. Our brains are made up of billions of nerve cells that communicate with one another. But as we get older, the connectivity in our brains often deteriorates, causing memory and speed of thought to decline. While previous research had observed that people from European countries with greater language proficiency tended to age more slowly, this study measured the impact of speaking languages on individual brains. Scientists in Spain, Chile, Argentina and Dublin compared people living in the Basque region – characterised by high levels of multilingualism – who spoke Spanish, Basque, French and/or English. To measure neurological age, the scientists used magnetoencephalography to measure the brain activity of 728 people with varying ages and levels of linguistic ability. They then used AI to process the results to calculate a normal level of brain connectivity at any given age. A second unrelated group of 144 people were then scanned and compared, comprising equal numbers of people speaking one, two, three or four languages. Dr Lucia Amoruso, from the Basque Center on Cognition, Brain and Language in San Sebastián, said: “In simple terms, people who spoke more languages tended to have brains that looked younger than expected for their chronological age. The effect was not only related to the number of languages spoken. Higher language proficiency and earlier acquisition of a second language were also associated with more delayed brain ageing. This suggests that multilingual experience matters as a gradient: it is not simply about being bilingual or not, but about the depth and duration of language experience.” The researchers took account of factors such as people’s age, sex and education, but cautioned that they could not rule out the potential influence of other factors that may have an impact on the brain, such as lifestyle and social engagement. Responding to the findings, Prof Christina Dalla, a neuroscientist from the National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, said: “This study suggests that learning a second, third or fourth language could help our brains to stay younger for longer, and the earlier we start, the better. There are many good reasons for learning another language at any age – social, cultural and for the health of your brain – so we should support language-learning at school and throughout life, even if it’s hard.” But Eef Hogervorst, a professor of biological psychology at Loughborough University, urged caution. While the evidence did suggest being multilingual benefits brain health, the study could not prove a direct cause-and-effect relationship. Other daily activities, like reading and regular social communication, might also slow brain ageing. He reminded the public not to regard language learning as a magic cure for brain decline. Questions 1.What is the main finding of the study presented in Barcelona? A. Four-language speakers’ brains look 13 years younger than monolinguals’. B. European people generally have better language learning abilities. C. Brain connectivity worsens rapidly with growing age. D. Multilingual people live much longer than single-language speakers. 2.How did researchers figure out people’s neurological age? A. By tracking their daily language using habits. B. By scanning brain activity with a technical tool and AI analysis. C. By comparing their educational backgrounds and ages. D. By recording their memory and thinking speed changes. 3.What does Dr Lucia Amoruso stress about multilingual experience? A. Being bilingual is enough to stop brain ageing completely. B. Only the number of languages determines brain age. C. The depth and length of language use count a lot. D. Lifestyle matters more than language proficiency. 4.What is Prof Christina Dalla’s attitude towards lifelong language learning? A. Doubtful B. Supportive C. Uninterested D. Cautious 5.Why did Professor Eef Hogervorst remind people to stay cautious? A. The study ignored people’s educational levels. B. Language learning works only for young learners. C. No direct causal link is confirmed in the research. D. Reading is a better way to protect the brain. Passage 2：音乐训练对大脑的塑造作用（神经科学） The men who raided Joseph Haydn’s grave hoped that his genius would be written on his skull. A scan of the Austrian composer’s decomposing brain may have been more enlightening. Musical talent does not, as those 19th-century phrenologists believed, leave bumps on the cranium. It does, however, seem to make a healthy impression on the brain. Making music is a mental workout. The brain must simultaneously co-ordinate sound and vision, as well as fine motor control, focus and imagination. Over time this stretches the brain like a muscle. Several studies have found that professional musicians have more grey matter (the neural tissue involved in thinking, movement and memory) in some regions than non-musicians. Conclusive evidence is hard to come by, but existing research hints that other benefits may accrue. One study from 2020 suggests that musicians may also have better executive function—the part of the brain that helps with planning and problem-solving. A meta-analysis from 2017 concluded that musicians also have a sharper memory. And a study from last year suggested they may even be less sensitive to pain. The experiment, in which 40 participants were injected in the hand with a compound which mimics muscle soreness, found that subjects with musical experience reported less pain. A life spent stretching for high notes creates more than good melodies. Music as medicine indeed. Might musically precocious children have a head start? A paper from 2010 found that musicians who begin training before the age of seven have a larger corpus callosum, the neural bridge between the brain’s two hemispheres, than later starters. Research from 2014 suggests that learning an instrument also improves children’s second-language acquisition and non-verbal reasoning. Musical training later in life has been linked to slower age-related decline. A small study on older adults showed that continuing to learn an instrument was associated with less deterioration in verbal working memory and grey-matter volume. A meta-analysis from 2021 also found an association between music practice and reduced risk of developing dementia. Whether these findings arise because musical brains are more resilient or because those without dementia keep playing for longer is a knotty question that future studies will need to unpick. The instrument you play could make a difference. A study from 2024 of 1,100 older Britons found that pianists and brass players tended, on average, to have better working memory. Woodwind players had superior executive function. Singers excelled in verbal reasoning. Show-offs who played several instruments enjoyed no extra neural benefit. In addition, the brain’s limbic system, which processes pleasure and reward, lights up when you play an instrument. Endorphins, feel-good hormones which relieve pain, flow when you are in the zone. Performing in a band, orchestra or choir further strengthens social bonds, adding another layer of mental well-being. Questions 1.What did 19th-century phrenologists assume about musical talent? A. It could be reflected by bumps on the skull. B. It would be detected through brain scans. C. It mainly existed in great composers like Haydn. D. It had little influence on people’s brain health. 2.What can we learn from the experiment with 40 participants? A. Musical training improves people’s memory greatly. B. Musicians feel less pain when suffering muscle soreness. C. Professional musicians have thicker grey matter in brains. D. Musicians possess stronger ability to solve complex problems. 3.What advantage do children starting music training before seven have? A. They can learn more musical instruments easily. B. Their ability of verbal reasoning develops faster. C. The connection between two brain hemispheres is stronger. D. They are less likely to develop dementia in old age. 4.What does the underlined word “knotty” in Paragraph 5 mean? A. Easy to solve B. Hard to figure out C. Worth discussing D. Totally meaningless 5.Which of the following statements matches the 2024 research result? A. Learning multiple instruments brings extra brain benefits. B. Singers perform best in planning and problem-solving tasks. C. Brass players generally have better working memory. D. Woodwind players stand out in verbal reasoning. Passage 3：绿茶、红茶的健康功效对比（健康饮食） After water, tea is the world’s most popular beverage. Some drinkers may be attracted by its warmth on a cold day, others by the cobweb-clearing promise of its caffeine. But tea possesses health benefits, too. For one, it contains L-theanine, an amino acid thought to boost dopamine and serotonin, brain chemicals that lift mood. Tea is also rich in antioxidants that researchers have linked to reduced risks of developing cardiovascular disease and dementia. Black teas (such as Assam and Darjeeling) account for more than two-thirds of consumption. Worldwide sales of green teas (such as matcha), however, have been steadily climbing in recent years, buoyed in part by reports that these may be healthier. But what does the science say? One striking paper was published in Molecules in 2019. Its authors analysed data on 3,349 individuals aged 50 and up. After adjusting for smoking, coffee consumption and other variables, they found that those who drank green tea scored higher than black-tea drinkers on a “successful ageing” health index that assigned scores for such things as body weight, health and levels of physical and social activity. One reason for this might be their respective L-theanine content. Green tea contains nearly 28% more per cup than black tea does, a study found in 2016. In addition to promoting soothing brain chemicals, L-theanine has been shown by recordings of brain activity to amplify alpha brain waves—electrical oscillations that seem to sharpen mental focus without causing jitters. When consumed regularly, L-theanine seems to reduce stress and improve sleep. The benefits appear to increase with the daily dose, at least up to about 200mg, roughly the amount in eight cups of green tea. Two studies bear this out. In one, published in Nutrients in 2019, 30 Japanese adults of all ages took 200mg of L-theanine daily for four weeks. They also spent another four weeks on a placebo. In addition to increasing verbal fluency and cognitive function, the supplements “significantly” improved sleep and reduced symptoms of anxiety and depression compared to placebo, the researchers wrote. In another trial, reported in the Journal of Medicinal Food in 2021, 26 Japanese volunteers aged 50 to 69 were given a supplement with only half as much L-theanine. After a single dose, they performed notably better on tests of memory and reaction speeds than participants who had popped a placebo. Green teas have also been shown to contain roughly a fifth more antioxidants than black ones. Although both are made from the leaves of the same plant, Camellia sinensis, black tea leaves are dried, crushed and left to darken as their compounds slowly react with oxygen. This oxidation converts many of tea’s antioxidants into new molecules. According to a paper in the International Journal of Molecular Sciences in 2020, one antioxidant left behind in green tea eases inflammation, and helps kill off damaged cells, possibly slowing ageing. Questions 1.What health benefit of tea is mentioned in Paragraph 1? A. It can cure serious mental illnesses. B. Its antioxidants cut risks of heart and brain diseases. C. Caffeine inside helps people fall asleep faster. D. L-theanine lowers the level of dopamine in brains. 2.Why do green tea sales keep rising globally in recent years? A. Green tea is much cheaper than black tea. B. Most elderly people are forbidden to drink black tea. C. People believe green tea brings greater health effects. D. A 2019 study proved green tea can replace medical treatment. 3.What advantage does L-theanine bring according to Paragraph 3? A. It strengthens focus without making people nervous. B. It can remove all stress after one cup of green tea. C. Its effects stop working once the intake hits 200mg. D. Black tea provides more L-theanine per cup than green tea. 4.What can we learn about the two studies on L-theanine? A. The 2019 trial only tested volunteers over 50 years old. B. Even half of 200mg L-theanine improves memory temporarily. C. The placebo group showed better sleep than the supplement group. D. Both experiments required participants to take supplements for a month. 5.What makes green tea richer in antioxidants than black tea? A. Green tea is produced from a totally different plant. B. Black tea’s oxidation process changes most antioxidants. C. Green tea leaves are crushed and exposed to oxygen longer. D. Black tea loses antioxidants during long-term storage. Passage 4：争议话题中保持中立不讨喜（社会心理学） People shouldn't be afraid to say what they think, and new research from the University of Virginia bears that out. Across 11 studies in North America, researchers found people who claim neutrality on controversial issues are often met with skepticism. "When someone expresses a neutral viewpoint, we are really skeptical of that neutral viewpoint, and we actually think that they are less moral—basically as immoral as someone who holds an opposing viewpoint," said Gabrielle Adams, an associate professor of public policy, business administration and psychology who was among the leaders of the studies. In one of the 11 studies, Adams and her team recruited 600 online participants, asking them to read about a colleague who either supported, opposed or claimed neutrality on increasing immigration. They then asked the participants to rate the colleague's morality. The research team also measured participants' own views on immigration. "Unsurprisingly, targets whose views aligned with the participants were rated more favorably," Adams said. "However, targets who expressed a neutral view were rated just as poorly as targets whose views on that topic were opposed to participants." In another study, Adams' team asked 605 people online to imagine sitting down at a holiday dinner and saying something like, "Hey, I heard the neighborhood is debating whether to open a safe drug injection site nearby. What do you all think about it?" The researchers then had them imagine one of the dinner guests responded by saying they were neutral, in favor of or opposed to the site. They also asked participants how they personally felt about the issue. "Overall, participants saw the guest who took a neutral stance as more conflict-avoidant and strategic than someone who agreed or disagreed with them," Adams said. "At the same time, they also viewed the neutral guest as more apathetic and indecisive about the issue compared to guests who clearly took a side." In a third scenario, using a nationally representative sample, the scientists asked participants to imagine scrolling past a social media post where the person posting said they were either against, neutral on or in favor of a controversial issue. As you'd expect, people rated posters who shared their views the most positively. What stood out, though, was that posters who took a neutral position were rated just as negatively as those who openly disagreed with them. Taken together, the 11 studies brought this conclusion: "People think that this neutrality is essentially a way to play both sides," Adams explained. It's a way to come across as maintaining a strategically favorable reputation and being empathetic and avoiding conflict. The problem is that the way that it actually comes across to other people is that you don't have a backbone. Questions 1.What is the main discovery of the 11 studies led by Gabrielle Adams? A. People who hold opposite views are considered immoral. B. Neutral attitudes on controversial topics get little recognition. C. Showing personal opinions will make others skeptical of you. D. Moral judgment is mainly based on people’s social reputation. 2.What result was found in the immigration-related experiment with 600 participants? A. Neutral colleagues received equally low moral scores as opponents. B. Participants preferred to make friends with neutral colleagues. C. Those supporting immigration won the lowest morality ratings. D. People with no personal views cared little about morality evaluation. 3.Which word can best describe how people see neutral dinner guests? A. Brave and straightforward B. Caring and open-minded C. Indifferent and hesitant D. Confident and decisive 4.What happened in the social media experiment with national samples? A. Posters with neutral opinions got the same bad comments as opponents. B. Most netizens chose to scroll past posts with neutral attitudes. C. People praised posters who stayed neutral to avoid online conflicts. D. Posters holding consistent views with others were treated indifferently. 5.What is the main idea of the text? A. People tend to doubt and dislike those who stay neutral on hot-button topics. B. It is wise to keep neutral to avoid conflicts and win a good reputation. C. People always judge others’ morality according to their own opinions. D. Different experiments prove people have different attitudes to arguments. 高三英语二轮阅读理解专项・完整详解答案 Passage 1：多语言学习延缓大脑衰老（神经科学） 主题：掌握多种语言可延缓大脑衰老，语言熟练度、学习起始年龄均会影响效果 1.答案：A 解析：细节理解题。第一段核心研究结果：掌握四种语言的人大脑比单语者年轻 13 岁，是本次巴塞罗那会议发布研究的核心发现。B 无原文依据；C 只是背景常识，并非研究核心结论；D 文中未提及寿命长短。 2.答案：B 解析：细节理解题。第三段说明科学家使用脑磁图记录大脑活动，再借助人工智能处理数据测算神经年龄，对应 B 选项。其余三项均不是测算神经年龄的手段。 3.答案：C 解析：细节理解题。第四段 Dr Lucia Amoruso 提出，多语言带来的益处是渐进式的，关键不在于是否会双语，而在于语言体验的深度与持续时长。A、B 与原文表述相反；D 偷换主次，生活方式只是未排除的干扰因素，并非更重要。 4.答案：B 解析：观点态度题。第五段 Dalla 教授主张学校和终身语言学习都应得到支持，可见其持支持（Supportive）态度。 5.答案：C 解析：细节理解题。末段教授提醒大家谨慎，原因是该研究无法证实多语言与年轻大脑之间存在直接因果关系。A、B、D 均和原文信息不符。 Passage 2 音乐训练对大脑的塑造作用 主题：音乐训练重塑大脑结构，不同乐器带来不同认知增益，早年学琴优势更明显 1.答案：A 解析：细节理解题。第一段点明 19 世纪颅相学家认为音乐天赋会在颅骨表面形成凸起。B、D 与原文相反；C 无原文支撑。 2.答案：B 解析：细节理解题。第三段 40 人实验表明，注射模拟肌肉酸痛药剂后，有音乐学习经历的受试者疼痛感更低。A、C、D 虽属于音乐带来的好处，但并非该实验得出的结论。 3.答案：C 解析：细节理解题。第四段指出 7 岁前开始音乐训练的孩子胼胝体更发达，胼胝体是连接左右脑半球的神经通道，代表大脑两半球连接更强。A 无依据；B 是学习乐器的普遍好处，不是 7 岁前起步专属优势；D 属于老年练乐器的益处。 4.答案：B 解析：词义猜测题。后文 “future studies will need to unpick（有待后续研究厘清）” 说明该问题十分棘手、难以理清，knotty 意为 “难以解决的”。 5.答案：C 解析：细节理解题。第六段 2024 年研究结论：钢琴与铜管乐手工作记忆表现更好；木管乐手执行功能更强；歌手擅长言语推理；学习多种乐器无额外大脑增益。A、B、D 均与原文相悖。 Passage 3 绿茶、红茶的健康功效对比 主题：绿茶比红茶含有更多 L - 茶氨酸与抗氧化物质，具备减压、改善记忆、延缓衰老等健康益处 1.答案：B 解析：细节理解题。第一段末尾提到茶叶富含抗氧化剂，可降低心血管疾病与痴呆症发病风险。A 文中无治愈重病表述；C 咖啡因用来醒脑而非助眠；D 茶氨酸促进多巴胺分泌，选项表述相反。 2.答案：C 解析：细节理解题。第二段说明绿茶销量持续上涨，部分原因是各类报道称绿茶健康效果更佳。A、B、D 在原文中均无相关信息。 3.答案：A 解析：细节理解题。第三段 L - 茶氨酸能增强 α 脑波，提升专注力且不会使人紧张焦虑。B 一杯茶无法消除全部压力；C 每日 200mg 以内益处随摄入量增加而提升；D 绿茶单杯茶氨酸含量更高。 4.答案：B 解析：细节理解题。第四段第二项实验仅使用 100mg（200mg 的一半）剂量，单次服用后受试者记忆力、反应速度显著优于安慰剂组。A2019 实验覆盖全年龄段；C 补充剂组睡眠更好；D 第二项仅单次服用，无需连续一个月。 5.答案：B 解析：细节理解题。末段说明红茶制作经过氧化反应，大量抗氧化物质转化为其他分子，因此绿茶抗氧化剂含量更高。A 二者原料同为茶树；C、D 与茶叶加工工艺描述相反。 Passage 4 争议话题中保持中立不讨喜 主题：面对争议话题时保持中立不受大众认可，人们认为中立者冷漠、无主见、刻意回避冲突 1.答案：B 解析：主旨大意题。全文 11 项研究统一结论：在争议议题上保持中立的人容易遭受质疑，难以获得他人认可。A 片面，原文是中立者和对立者均被评价为不道德；C 逻辑颠倒，是中立观点引人怀疑，而非表达观点；D 无原文依据。 2.答案：A 解析：细节理解题。第二段移民实验结果：持中立立场的受试者获得的道德评分，和与参与者立场对立的人一样低。B、C、D 均与实验结果完全相反。 3.答案：C 解析：细节理解题。第三段提到中立宾客被贴上 apathetic（冷漠的）、indecisive（犹豫不决的）标签，对应 indifferent and hesitant。 4.答案：A 解析：细节理解题。第四段社交媒体实验显示，持中立立场的发帖人收到的负面评价，和公开持反对意见的发帖人一样多。B、C、D 均不符合原文实验结果。 5.答案：A 解析：主旨大意题。文章围绕弗吉尼亚大学 11 项研究展开，核心观点：人们会质疑、反感在争议话题上保持中立的人。B 与作者表达的研究结论相反；C、D 仅为文中局部细节，无法概括全文。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $