外刊英语阅读汇编-2027届高三英语二轮阅读理解专项练习(五)

**基本信息** 该专项精选外刊“人与自然”主题语篇，系统整合词义猜测、细节理解等6类题型解法，以科学逻辑链串联语篇分析与思维训练，强化语言能力与思维品质协同发展。 **专项设计** |模块|题量/典例|方法提炼|知识逻辑| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |词义猜测题|4题|语境分析法（如“ornamental”结合“garden flowers”）|科学词汇与主题语境关联，提升语言能力| |细节理解题|4题|原文定位法（如直接锁定“两大因素”原文句）|事实信息与语篇结构对应，培养信息筛选能力| |推理判断题|4题|原文隐含信息推导（如Homo floresiensis行走特征推断）|逻辑推理与科学事实结合，发展思维品质| |主旨/目的题|4题|篇章主线归纳法（如万寿菊蛋白开发核心主旨）|主题意义与语篇意图统一，深化文化意识| |态度/功能题|2题|作者立场/段落作用分析法|语篇功能与论证逻辑关联，提升学习能力|

外刊英语阅读汇编 2026-2027高三英语二轮阅读理解专项练习（五） 分类：人与自然 篇目清单 Passage 1：废弃万寿菊可开发新型植物蛋白 Passage 2：人类右利手源于直立行走与大脑进化 Passage 3：清醒刺激大脑可获得部分睡眠益处 Passage 4：室内植物真的能净化室内空气吗 一．阅读理解 Passage 1 A New Sustainable Protein Source from Waste Marigolds Marigolds are widely planted as ornamental flowers for gardens and celebrations, yet few people connect them with food. A research team has discovered great hidden value in marigold petals, inspired by the serious waste of floral products worldwide. Tests show dried marigold petals contain almost 10 percent protein, matching common plant protein sources like quinoa and oats. Albumin, making up around 65 percent of the total protein in marigolds, stands out for its excellent functional properties. It performs best in water retention, oil retention and emulsification. Its heat tolerance is superior to chickpea and pea protein, suiting high-temperature food processing perfectly. Small molecular fragments inside albumin stabilize oil-water mixtures, making it ideal for salad dressing. Besides, marigold protein is rich in amino acids for savory taste and has strong antioxidant activity to slow food spoilage. Not all marigolds are eatable. The experiment adopted safe Calendula officinalis, only using petals since stems and leaves taste bitter. Transforming discarded flowers into protein sources will cut waste and offer a new sustainable plant protein supply. Questions 1.The word “ornamental” in Paragraph 1 is closest to ______. A. edible B. decorative C. nutritious D. affordable 2. What makes marigold albumin suitable for salad dressing? A. Its ability to stabilize oil-water mixtures. B. Its rich savory amino acids. C. Its high temperature resistance above 300℉. D. Its abundant fiber and minerals. 3. What can we infer from the text? A. All marigold varieties can be used as food. B. Marigold stems are rich in edible protein. C. Waste marigolds can be developed into new food resources. D. Marigold protein is less valuable than pea protein. 4. What is the author’s purpose in writing the text? A. To introduce different kinds of garden flowers. B. To show the nutritional disadvantages of common grains. C. To present a new sustainable protein source from waste marigolds. D. To call on people to plant more marigolds. Passage 2 Why Most Humans Are Right-handed: Linked to Upright Walking and Brain Growth Around 90 percent of humans worldwide are right-handed, a unique feature rarely seen in other primates. A new Oxford University study offers a reasonable explanation after comparing humans and 41 monkey and ape species. The study finds two key factors leading to human right-handedness: larger brains and complete upright bipedal walking. Early hominins had only slight right-hand tendency similar to modern apes. As the genus Homo evolved, right-handedness grew increasingly obvious until it reached its peak in modern humans. One notable exception is Homo floresiensis. Its small brain and body structure suited climbing rather than complete two-legged walking, which accounts for its weak right-hand bias. Scientists divide the formation of human right-handedness into two evolutionary stages: upright walking freeing upper limbs, and brain expansion solidifying the right-hand preference. The study also leaves room for future research on cultural influence and left-handed existence. Questions 1. What two factors contribute to human right-handedness? A. Tool use and living environment. B. Big brains and complete upright walking. C. Diet evolution and social behavior. D. Body height and limb length. 2. What is the author’s attitude towards the new study? A. Critical B. Supportive C. Doubtful D. Uncertain 3. What can we infer about Homo floresiensis? A. It had a fully developed large brain. B. It was not fully adapted to upright walking. C. It shared the same handedness as modern humans. D. It belonged to the latest human species. 4. What is the main idea of the text? A. The evolutionary reason for human right-handed dominance. B. Different features of ancient human ancestors. C. Comparison between humans and other primates. D. The cultural influence on handedness. Passage 3 Can Humans Gain Sleep Benefits While Awake? Scientists have put forward an amazing idea: humans may gain partial sleep benefits without closing eyes. A study on awake mice shows stimulating specific brain activity can produce effects similar to deep sleep, notably improving memory. Deep NREM sleep features slow-wave activity, which helps clear useless neural connections and maintain brain health. Some sea animals like dolphins enjoy half-brain deep sleep, with one hemisphere resting while the other stays alert. Inspired by this, researchers stimulated mice’s brain area to mimic slow-wave deep sleep while they were awake. The stimulated brain region finished cleaning useless neural links and showed no tiredness. Memory tests also proved the stimulation effectively preserved mice’s memory. Although the result is inspiring, experts warn the technology can never fully replace real sleep. Real sleep consists of alternating NREM and REM phases, whose combination ensures complete brain rest. Questions 1. What can we infer about the mouse experiment? A. Artificial brain stimulation works like deep sleep in some ways. B. Mice can gain full sleep benefits while asleep. C. The stimulation improves mice’s sleep quality at night. D. The technology has been widely used on humans. 2. What is the function of Paragraph 2? A. To summarize the final research conclusion. B. To offer theoretical basis and animal inspiration. C. To show the process of the mouse experiment. D. To explain the disadvantages of deep sleep. 3. The word “mimic” in Paragraph 3 means ______. A. copy B. block C. interrupt D. monitor 4. Why can’t the technology replace real sleep? A. It only stimulates two brain hemispheres. B. It fails to cover alternating sleep phases. C. It cannot improve people’s memory at all. D. It causes great tiredness to the brain. Passage 4 Do Houseplants Really Purify Indoor Air? Indoor spaces are filled with invisible harmful pollutants. Cleaning supplies, paints and carpets release poisonous substances like benzene and formaldehyde, which may damage eyes, nerves and even cause cancer. Children are especially at risk, as they stay indoors most of the time with sensitive respiratory systems. Air purifiers work well, yet houseplants are widely advertised as a beautiful, natural replacement for cleaning air. Back in the 1980s, NASA carried out famous experiments. Researchers put various plants in sealed glass boxes filled with formaldehyde pollution. After long tests, they found certain plants such as spider plants could remove formaldehyde from the air, proving plants had the ability to absorb toxic gases. Later studies uncovered three ways plants deal with pollutants. Some trees with rough, waxy leaves catch pollutants on their surface. Others absorb poisonous molecules through tiny leaf holes called stomata and produce special enzymes to break them down. A third method is sending pollutants down to roots, where soil microbes feed on and destroy them. However, common household plants barely work for air cleaning in daily rooms. Popular indoor plants including fiddle-leaf figs and birds of paradise originate from tropical areas and own extremely small stomata, making it hard for harmful chemicals to enter and be decomposed. Besides, the positive test results were achieved in tiny airtight containers with long exposure time. No obvious purifying effects have been observed in normal living environments. Vertical plant walls are a better choice among plant-based air cleaning solutions, but their effects remain weak. Research shows a large area of plants can only slightly cut CO₂ levels in offices, and such green walls require high maintenance costs. Therefore, people should enjoy houseplants for their beauty and relaxing value. If you want to remove indoor pollutants effectively, electric air purifiers are still the most reliable choice. Questions 1.The underlined word “respiratory” in Paragraph 1 is closest to ______. A. digestive B. breathing C. immune D. circulatory 2.Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the text? A. Most tropical houseplants have large stomata to take in pollutants. B. NASA’s experiments were conducted in regular family rooms. C. Soil microorganisms can break down pollutants sent down by plant roots. D. Plant walls can greatly reduce indoor harmful chemical levels. 3.What is the function of Paragraph 3? A. To present the limitations of plants’ air-purifying ability. B. To explain three natural mechanisms of plants absorbing pollutants. C. To introduce the process of NASA’s landmark experiments. D. To compare different popular types of household green plants. 4.What is the author’s writing purpose of the whole passage? A. To introduce different kinds of ornamental houseplants for home decoration. B. To clarify the real air-cleaning capacity of houseplants and offer practical advice. C. To prove electric air purifiers produce secondary pollution indoors. D. To call on people to build vertical plant walls in every office and house. 答案+逐题精细解析 标准答案 Passage1：1.B 2.A 3.C 4.C Passage2：1.B 2.B 3.B 4.A Passage3：1.A 2.B 3.A 4.B Passage4：1.B 2.C 3.B 4.B Passage 1 文章主题：观赏性万寿菊花瓣富含优质植物蛋白，具备多种食品加工优势，废弃万寿菊可开发成新型可持续植物蛋白原料。 1.词义猜测题 ornamental 修饰花园观赏花卉，含义为 “装饰性的”，与 decorative 同义。可食用、有营养、价格实惠均不符合语境，选 B。 2.细节理解题 原文第三段：Small molecular fragments inside albumin stabilize oil-water mixtures, making it ideal for salad dressing. 稳定油水混合物是适配沙拉酱的核心原因，选 A。 3.推理判断题 文章尾段点明废弃花卉可转化为蛋白原料，对应 C 选项。A “所有品种均可食用”、B “茎叶富含蛋白”、D “万寿菊蛋白不如豌豆蛋白” 均与原文相反，选 C。 4.写作目的题 全文围绕废弃万寿菊提取新型可持续植物蛋白展开介绍，并非介绍花卉、批判谷物或号召种植万寿菊，选 C。 Passage 2 文章主题：人类普遍右利手的进化成因，由大脑扩容与完全直立行走两大因素共同造就。 1.细节理解题 原文第二段直接给出两大因素：larger brains and complete upright bipedal walking，选 B。 2.作者态度题 作者客观完整引用牛津大学研究，清晰梳理进化逻辑，认可该研究给出的合理解释，态度支持（Supportive），正确选 B。 3.推理判断题 第三段说明弗洛勒斯人脑容量小、身体结构适合攀爬，无法完成完整直立行走，因此右利手倾向微弱。A 大脑发达、C 和现代人惯用手一致、D 最晚人种均错误，选 B。 4.主旨大意题 全文核心讲解人类右利手现象的进化起源；B 古人类特征、C 人与灵长类对比、D 文化影响仅为局部细节，正确选 A。 Passage 3 文章主题：清醒状态下模拟深睡眠脑电波能带来部分睡眠益处、改善记忆，但该技术无法完全替代完整睡眠。 1.推理判断题 小鼠实验证明大脑刺激可模拟深度睡眠、清理无用神经联结、保护记忆，能产生部分睡眠效果。B 完全获得睡眠益处、C 改善夜间睡眠、D 广泛应用于人体均无依据，选 A。 2.段落功能题 第二段介绍慢波深睡眠作用、海豚半脑睡眠案例，为下文小鼠模拟实验提供理论支撑与仿生灵感，正确选 B。 3.词义猜测题 mimic 在文中指人为刺激大脑复制、模拟深睡眠的脑活动，copy（模仿）为同义替换，选 A。 4.细节理解题 文末指出真实睡眠包含交替的 NREM 与 REM 周期，单一人工刺激无法覆盖完整交替睡眠阶段，因此不能替代真正睡眠，选 B。 Passage 4 文章主题：纠正室内绿植高效净化空气的认知误区，讲解植物净化污染物原理，客观说明家用绿植净化效果微弱，并给出实用空气净化建议。 1.词义猜测题 respiratory systems 指呼吸系统，breathing 同义；消化、免疫、循环均不符合污染物伤害儿童呼吸道的语境，选 B。 2.细节正误判断题 A 错误：热带绿植气孔极小；B 错误：NASA 实验在密闭玻璃箱而非普通房间；C 正确：土壤微生物分解根系输送的污染物；D 错误：绿植墙净化效果微弱，无法大幅降解有害化学物，选 C。 3.段落功能题 第三段分三类完整介绍植物吸附、分解空气污染物的三种生理机制；A 对应第四段绿植净化局限性；第二段介绍 NASA 实验；本段并未对比各类室内绿植，因此选 B。 4.写作目的题 文章先破除大众误区，讲解植物净化原理，再客观说明日常室内绿植净化能力有限，结尾建议绿植用于观赏、净化器高效除污。核心是厘清绿植真实净化能力并给出实用建议，选 B。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $