专题 7 定语从句导学案-2026年暑假初升高完美衔接（高一专用）

2026学年暑假初升高完美衔接(高一专用) 专题 7定语从句 热身训练 训练1 that、which引导的定语从句 本模块聚焦指物/指人通用的基础关系代词that、which，重点考查that的特殊用法，适配中考高频考点。 1. China is the first country ________ has successfully completed manned lunar exploration missions continuously.【2024湖北恩施】 A. which B. that C. who D. whose 2. I will always remember the warm moments ________ make me feel hopeful in my life.【2023湖南岳阳】 A. that B. who C. what D. whom 3. —Could you tell me about the new textbook ________ you used last term? —Sure, it’s very helpful for English writing.【2024辽宁营口】 A. that B. what C. who D. whom 答案与精析 1. B 句意：中国是首个持续完成载人探月任务的国家。先行词为country(指物)，且被序数词the first修饰，根据语法规则，序数词修饰先行词时，关系代词只能用that。 2. A 句意：我永远会记得生命中那些让我满怀希望的温暖瞬间。先行词为moments(指物)，在定语从句中作主语，可用that/which引导，选项中仅有that，故选A。 3. A 句意：——你能和我说说你上学期用的新教材吗？——当然，它对英语写作很有帮助。先行词为textbook(指物)，在从句中作used的宾语，可用that/which引导，结合选项选A。 训练2 who、whom、whose引导的定语从句 本模块聚焦指人的关系代词，区分主语、宾语、定语三种从句成分，是定语从句核心基础考点。 1. We deeply respect the teachers ________ devote themselves to teaching and caring for students.【2024湖北十堰】 A. who B. whom C. which D. whose 2. I helped an old man ________ bike broke down on the way to the park yesterday.【2023全国真题改编】 A. who B. his C. whom D. whose 答案与精析 1. A 句意：我们深深敬佩那些潜心教学、关爱学生的老师。先行词the teachers指人，在定语从句中作主语，who可作主语/宾语，whom仅作宾语，故选A。 2. D 句意：昨天我在路上帮助了一位自行车坏掉的老人。先行词an old man指人，从句中需要修饰名词bike作定语，表“某人的”，关系代词用whose。 训练3 where、when、why引导的定语从句 本模块聚焦关系副词，核心判断依据：先行词表时间/地点/原因，且在从句中作状语。 The library is a quiet place ________ we can read books and study peacefully.【2024四川绵阳】 A. which B. where C. that D. when 答案与精析 B 句意：图书馆是一个我们可以安静读书、学习的地方。先行词为place(地点)，在定语从句中作地点状语(in the place)，需用关系副词where引导。 训练4 介词＋关系代词 本模块为拔高考点，重点掌握：介词可提前至关系代词前，指人用whom，指物用which，不可用that。 Do you know the young reporter ________ our head teacher is talking?【2023湖北黄石】 A. who B. whom C. with whom D. which 答案与精析 C 句意：你认识正在和我们班主任交谈的年轻记者吗？先行词the young reporter指人，从句中固定搭配talk with sb.(与某人交谈)，介词with可提前，后接关系代词whom，故选C。 知识对接 核心知识点精讲 定语从句相当于形容词功能，用于修饰主句中的名词/代词(即先行词)。引导从句的关系词有两大核心作用：①连接先行词与定语从句；②在从句中充当句子成分，且谓语单复数与先行词保持一致。 关系词分为关系代词(who/whom/whose/that/which/as)和关系副词(when/where/why)，核心用法汇总如下： 类别 关系词 先行词 从句成分 经典例句 核心备注 关系代词 who 指人 主语、宾语 The teacher who helps me is very patient. 作宾语可省略；介词提前时，关系代词不可省略、不用that whom 指人 宾语 The girl (whom) we met is a volunteer. whose 指人/物 定语 I like the house whose windows face south. 表“……的”，唯一作定语的关系词 that 指人/物 主语、宾语 This is the gift that I received yesterday. 通用性最强，有专属特殊用法 which 指物 主语、宾语 The book which lies on the desk is mine. 可用于非限制性定语从句、介词后 as 指人/物 主语、宾语 He is such a student as all teachers like. 作宾语一般不省略，多用于固定句型 关系副词 when 指时间 时间状语 I remember the day when we first met. 可替换为“介词+which” where 指地点 地点状语 This is the school where I studied for 6 years. 可替换为“介词+which” why 指原因 原因状语 I don’t know the reason why he was late. 可替换为for which 难点突破 高频考点精讲 突破1 关系代词基础用法(精简速记) 1. that：可指代人/物，在从句中作主语或宾语，是中考最常用通用型关系代词。 2. which：仅指代事物，在从句中作主语或宾语，多用于物指代名词。 3. who/whom：均指代人，who作主语/宾语，whom仅作宾语(正式用法)。 4. whose：指代人或事物，仅作定语，表所属关系，无替代词。 突破2 只用which、不用that的2种必考情况 1. 介词提前至关系词前时，只能用which(指物)、whom(指人)，禁用that。 例句：This is the classroom in which we have English classes. 2. 引导非限制性定语从句(逗号隔开)时，只能用which，禁用that。 例句：The new bike, which I bought last week, is very light. 突破3 只用that、不用which的7种核心情况(重中之重) 1. 先行词被最高级、序数词修饰； 2. 先行词被all、any、no、much、the only、the very、the last等限定词修饰； 3. 先行词为everything、something、all、none等不定代词； 4. 先行词同时包含人+物； 5. 先行词为the one； 6. 主句为who引导的特殊疑问句，避免重复； 7. 先行词被few、little、many等数量限定词修饰。 突破4 只用whom、不用who的情况 介词提前时，指人的关系宾语只能用whom，不可用who。 例句：The teacher to whom I asked questions is very kind. 突破5 定语从句主谓一致(高频易错点) 关系代词作从句主语时，从句谓语单复数完全匹配先行词： 1. one of + 复数名词 + 从句(谓语用复数)：He is one of the students who win the prize. 2. the only one of + 复数名词 + 从句(谓语用单数)：He is the only student who wins the prize. 突破6 介词/副词使用易错点 若从句动词为固定搭配短语(look for、look after等)，短语中的介词/副词不可提前至关系代词前。 正确：This is the pen which I am looking for.(不可说for which I am looking) 突破7 关系副词用法速记 关系副词本质=介词+关系代词，仅作状语，不作主/宾/定语： when(时间状语)=in/on/at which；where(地点状语)=in/on/at which；why(原因状语)=for which 巧学助记 句式转换技巧 定语从句可简化为短语结构，让句式更简洁，高中写作高频用法： 1. 定语从句→不定式：She has homework that she will finish. = She has homework to finish. 2. 定语从句→介词短语：The girl who is under the tree is my sister. = The girl under the tree is my sister. 3. 定语从句→现在分词：The students who are reading books are hard-working. = The students reading books are hard-working. 4. 定语从句→过去分词：The bike which was repaired yesterday works well. = The bike repaired yesterday works well. 自主训练 单项选择 1. Mr. Li is a patient teacher ________ always encourages us to try new things.【2024吉林】 A. which B. who C. what D. whose 2. The players ________ are training hard will take part in the city sports meeting.【2024黑龙江】 A. which B. who C. whose D. what 3. I still remember the teachers and the school ________ left me wonderful memories.【2023黑龙江绥化】 A. that B. which C. what D. who 4. The traditional folk music ________ comes from ancient China is popular all over the world.【2025贵州安顺模拟】 A. who B. which C. whose D. where 5. —Do you like the TV play ________ is called The Youth? —Yes, it’s ________ than most ancient costume plays.【2024四川达州】 A. that; more touching B. what; less touching C. that; more touched D. which; less touched 6. —Is the lady ________ helped the old man cross the street your relative? —No, she teaches ________ math in our school.【2023贵州铜仁】 A. which; our B. who; us C. which; us D. that; our 7. Xi’an is a historic city ________ has a long history and rich culture.【2024四川成都】 A. where B. which C. who 8. Yuan Longping is a great scientist ________ devotes his life to helping people solve food problems.【2025四川自贡模拟】 A. who B. where C. whose 答案与精准解析 1. B 解析：先行词a patient teacher指人，在从句中作主语，用who引导定语从句。 2. B 解析：先行词the players指人，从句缺少主语，用who引导。 3. A 解析：先行词同时包含人(teachers)和物(school)，关系代词只能用that。 4. B 解析：先行词folk music指物，在从句中作主语，用which引导。 5. A 解析：第一空先行词为物，可用that/which，排除B；第二空修饰事物(电视剧)，用touching(令人感动的)，touched多用于修饰人，结合句意选比较级more touching。 6. B 解析：第一空先行词the lady指人，作主语，用who/that，排除A、C；第二空动词teach后接人称代词宾格us作宾语，our为形容词性物主代词，不能单独作宾语。 7. B 解析：先行词a historic city指物，从句缺少主语，用which引导；where为关系副词，仅作状语。 8. A 解析：先行词scientist指人，在从句中作主语，用who引导定语从句。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 2026学年暑假初升高完美衔接(高一专用) 专题 7定语从句 热身训练 训练1 that、which引导的定语从句 本模块聚焦指物/指人通用的基础关系代词that、which，重点考查that的特殊用法，适配中考高频考点。 1. China is the first country ________ has successfully completed manned lunar exploration missions continuously.【2024湖北恩施】 A. which B. that C. who D. whose 2. I will always remember the warm moments ________ make me feel hopeful in my life.【2023湖南岳阳】 A. that B. who C. what D. whom 3. —Could you tell me about the new textbook ________ you used last term? —Sure, it’s very helpful for English writing.【2024辽宁营口】 A. that B. what C. who D. whom 训练2 who、whom、whose引导的定语从句 本模块聚焦指人的关系代词，区分主语、宾语、定语三种从句成分，是定语从句核心基础考点。 1. We deeply respect the teachers ________ devote themselves to teaching and caring for students.【2024湖北十堰】 A. who B. whom C. which D. whose 2. I helped an old man ________ bike broke down on the way to the park yesterday.【2023全国真题改编】 A. who B. his C. whom D. whose 训练3 where、when、why引导的定语从句 本模块聚焦关系副词，核心判断依据：先行词表时间/地点/原因，且在从句中作状语。 The library is a quiet place ________ we can read books and study peacefully.【2024四川绵阳】 A. which B. where C. that D. when 训练4 介词＋关系代词 本模块为拔高考点，重点掌握：介词可提前至关系代词前，指人用whom，指物用which，不可用that。 Do you know the young reporter ________ our head teacher is talking?【2023湖北黄石】 A. who B. whom C. with whom D. which 知识对接 核心知识点精讲 定语从句相当于形容词功能，用于修饰主句中的名词/代词(即先行词)。引导从句的关系词有两大核心作用：①连接先行词与定语从句；②在从句中充当句子成分，且谓语单复数与先行词保持一致。 关系词分为关系代词(who/whom/whose/that/which/as)和关系副词(when/where/why)，核心用法汇总如下： 类别 关系词 先行词 从句成分 经典例句 核心备注 关系代词 who 指人 主语、宾语 The teacher who helps me is very patient. 作宾语可省略；介词提前时，关系代词不可省略、不用that whom 指人 宾语 The girl (whom) we met is a volunteer. whose 指人/物 定语 I like the house whose windows face south. 表“……的”，唯一作定语的关系词 that 指人/物 主语、宾语 This is the gift that I received yesterday. 通用性最强，有专属特殊用法 which 指物 主语、宾语 The book which lies on the desk is mine. 可用于非限制性定语从句、介词后 as 指人/物 主语、宾语 He is such a student as all teachers like. 作宾语一般不省略，多用于固定句型 关系副词 when 指时间 时间状语 I remember the day when we first met. 可替换为“介词+which” where 指地点 地点状语 This is the school where I studied for 6 years. 可替换为“介词+which” why 指原因 原因状语 I don’t know the reason why he was late. 可替换为for which 难点突破 高频考点精讲 突破1 关系代词基础用法(精简速记) 1. that：可指代人/物，在从句中作主语或宾语，是中考最常用通用型关系代词。 2. which：仅指代事物，在从句中作主语或宾语，多用于物指代名词。 3. who/whom：均指代人，who作主语/宾语，whom仅作宾语(正式用法)。 4. whose：指代人或事物，仅作定语，表所属关系，无替代词。 突破2 只用which、不用that的2种必考情况 1. 介词提前至关系词前时，只能用which(指物)、whom(指人)，禁用that。 例句：This is the classroom in which we have English classes. 2. 引导非限制性定语从句(逗号隔开)时，只能用which，禁用that。 例句：The new bike, which I bought last week, is very light. 突破3 只用that、不用which的7种核心情况(重中之重) 1. 先行词被最高级、序数词修饰； 2. 先行词被all、any、no、much、the only、the very、the last等限定词修饰； 3. 先行词为everything、something、all、none等不定代词； 4. 先行词同时包含人+物； 5. 先行词为the one； 6. 主句为who引导的特殊疑问句，避免重复； 7. 先行词被few、little、many等数量限定词修饰。 突破4 只用whom、不用who的情况 介词提前时，指人的关系宾语只能用whom，不可用who。 例句：The teacher to whom I asked questions is very kind. 突破5 定语从句主谓一致(高频易错点) 关系代词作从句主语时，从句谓语单复数完全匹配先行词： 1. one of + 复数名词 + 从句(谓语用复数)：He is one of the students who win the prize. 2. the only one of + 复数名词 + 从句(谓语用单数)：He is the only student who wins the prize. 突破6 介词/副词使用易错点 若从句动词为固定搭配短语(look for、look after等)，短语中的介词/副词不可提前至关系代词前。 正确：This is the pen which I am looking for.(不可说for which I am looking) 突破7 关系副词用法速记 关系副词本质=介词+关系代词，仅作状语，不作主/宾/定语： when(时间状语)=in/on/at which；where(地点状语)=in/on/at which；why(原因状语)=for which 巧学助记 句式转换技巧 定语从句可简化为短语结构，让句式更简洁，高中写作高频用法： 1. 定语从句→不定式：She has homework that she will finish. = She has homework to finish. 2. 定语从句→介词短语：The girl who is under the tree is my sister. = The girl under the tree is my sister. 3. 定语从句→现在分词：The students who are reading books are hard-working. = The students reading books are hard-working. 4. 定语从句→过去分词：The bike which was repaired yesterday works well. = The bike repaired yesterday works well. 自主训练 单项选择 1. Mr. Li is a patient teacher ________ always encourages us to try new things.【2024吉林】 A. which B. who C. what D. whose 2. The players ________ are training hard will take part in the city sports meeting.【2024黑龙江】 A. which B. who C. whose D. what 3. I still remember the teachers and the school ________ left me wonderful memories.【2023黑龙江绥化】 A. that B. which C. what D. who 4. The traditional folk music ________ comes from ancient China is popular all over the world.【2025贵州安顺模拟】 A. who B. which C. whose D. where 5. —Do you like the TV play ________ is called The Youth? —Yes, it’s ________ than most ancient costume plays.【2024四川达州】 A. that; more touching B. what; less touching C. that; more touched D. which; less touched 6. —Is the lady ________ helped the old man cross the street your relative? —No, she teaches ________ math in our school.【2023贵州铜仁】 A. which; our B. who; us C. which; us D. that; our 7. Xi’an is a historic city ________ has a long history and rich culture.【2024四川成都】 A. where B. which C. who 8. Yuan Longping is a great scientist ________ devotes his life to helping people solve food problems.【2025四川自贡模拟】 A. who B. where C. whose 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $