Units 4-5语法(限制性定语从句)导学案-2026年人教版英语必修一初升高(新高一)暑假衔接专项练习

Units4-5限制性定语从句讲解与练习 限制性定语从句（Restrictive Relative Clauses）超详细完整语法讲解 一、基础核心概念 1. 定义:在复合句中,用来修饰名词/代词的从句叫做定语从句。 被修饰的名词/代词：先行词； 连接主句和从句的词：关系代词/关系副词； 位置规则：定语从句紧跟先行词后方，用来限定、说明先行词具体信息，去掉后主句语义不完整。 2. 两大引导词分类 *关系代词:that /which/who /whom/whose在从句中充当主语,宾语,定语,指代人或物； *关系副词: when/where/why在从句中充当状语（时间/地点/原因）,分别对应时间、地点、reason 类先行词。 课本基础例句识别 1.The man who lives next to us is a police officer. 先行词：the man（人）；关系代词 who；从句 who lives next to us 修饰 man 2.A drone is an aircraft without a pilot that is operated by remote control. 先行词：aircraft（物）；关系代词 that；从句修饰飞机 3.We will start at the point where we left off last time. 先行词：point（地点）；关系副词 where，在从句作地点状语 二、第一类：关系代词 that /which/who /whom（作主/宾） 关系代词 指代对象 从句成分 补充说明 that 人+物 主语/宾语 通用型,可替换 which/who; 先行词含不定代词只用 that which 仅物 主语/宾语 只指代事物,不能指人 who 仅人 主语 指人,从句动作发出者 whom 仅人 宾语 who的宾格,正式书面可搭配介词 1. that用法（万能代词，人、物通用） （1）that 在从句作主语,不可省略 指物：This is a book that interests a large number of people. 拆分：先行词a book；that指代book, 在从句中作 interests的主语 指人：He that would eat the fruit must climb the tree. that 指代 he，从句作主语 （2）that在从句作宾语，口语/非正式书面可省略 指物：Is there anything (that) I can do for you?（that省略） 指人：He is a man (that) you can safely trust.（that省略） 特殊规则:只能用 that,不能用which/who 先行词为不定代词 all, everything, anything, nothing 等时,只用 that 2. which 用法（只指代事物） （1）作主语,不可省略 The bus which has just left is the last one today. which 指代 the bus.从句作主语 （2）作宾语,可省略 The fish (which) I bought this morning were not fresh. which 指代fish,作bought的宾语,可省略 3. who /whom 用法（只指代人） （1）who 在从句作主语,不可省略 The expert who visited our class yesterday is from Canada. Is he the boy who always wins maths competitions?(who指代人,是从句动作发出者) （2）whom 在从句作宾语，可省略；正式句介词提前用 to whom 1.普通句式：The one (who/whom) we are talking about is a scientist.（可省略） 2.正式介词前置：This is the teacher to whom I referred.口语替换：This is the teacher (who/whom) I referred to. 重要补充：关系代词作宾语可省略 that /which/who /whom 若在定语从句中充当宾语,日常口语、普通书面可以直接删掉引导词；若作主语，绝对不能省略。 三、第二类：关系代词 whose（作定语，表 “…… 的”） 1.whose 先行词既可以是人，也可以是物； 2.whose 在从句中只能作定语，后面必须接名词，表所属关系 “…… 的”； 3.拆分逻辑：whose +名词= the +先行词’s +名词 例句分层讲解 1.先行词是人： She is the girl whose brother is studying abroad. = She is the girl. Her brother is studying abroad. whose = the girl’s,修饰 brother 2.先行词是物： The room whose window faces south is mine. = The room’s window faces south. whose = the room’s,修饰 window 3.拓展句：I talked with the man whose house was destroyed in the flood. He has written a book whose name I’ve forgotten. 四、第三类：关系副词 when /where/why（作状语） 通用转换公式 关系副词=介词+ which,可相互替换,书面正式文体常用介词+ which 1. when 先行词为时间名词，在从句作时间状语 等价转换：when = on /in/during which *The day when (=on which) New China was founded is Oct 1, 1949. *I’ll never forget the time when (=during which) we visited Xi’an. *Do you remember the day when (=on which) we first met? 2. where 先行词为地点名词，在从句作地点状语 等价转换：where = in /at which *This is the place where (=at which) we first met. *The hotel where (=in which) we stayed was very clean. *I’d like to live in a country where (=in which) there is plenty of sunshine. 3. why 先行词固定为 reason，在从句作原因状语 等价转换：why = for which *That’s the reason why (=for which) he missed his bus. *This wasn’t the reason why (=for which) I left. 五、三大类引导词核心区分方法（做题万能判断步骤） 步骤 1：找到先行词，区分是人/物/时间/地点/reason 步骤 2：把先行词代入后面的定语从句,看成分 1.代入后能当主语/宾语→用关系代词 that/which/who/whom o主语:不能省略引导词 o宾语:可省略引导词 2.代入后需搭配介词(在…/在…时候/因为…),作状语→用关系副词 when/where/why 3.后面紧跟名词，表 “……的” 所属关系 → 用whose 快速判断示例 1.I like the book ____ you bought yesterday. 先行词 book, 代入从句:you bought the book（book作bought宾语） → 填that/which/空着省略 2.I like the book ____ covers are blue. 先行词 book，后面接名词covers，表 “书的封面” → whose 3.I remember the day ____ we met. 先行词day，完整句we met on the day →作时间状语→ when /on which 4.This is the factory ____ my father works. 先行词factory,完整句my father works in the factory →地点状语→ where /in which 六、高频易错考点汇总 易错 1：that与which不能互换的场景 1.不定代词先行词（anything, all, nothing）只能用 that，不用 which； 2.介词提前时，只能用 which/whom，不能用 that/who； ✅ This is the house in which I live. ❌ This is the house in that I live. 易错 2：who /whom 区分 从句缺主语 → who 从句缺宾语，介词提前→ whom 普通陈述句宾语可通用 who/whom，也可省略 易错 3：whose 不区分人/物，不能用 which’s 替代 ❌ the house which’s window ✅ the house whose window 易错 4：关系副词不等于代词 when/where/why 不能在从句充当主语、宾语，只作状语；如果从句缺主语/宾语，即使先行词是时间地点，也要用 that/which：I will never forget the day ____ we spent together. spent 后缺宾语 the day →填that/which，不能填when 易错 5：限制性定语从句不能用逗号隔开 本单元是限制性从句,用来限定先行词,无逗号；非限制性定语从句才加逗号,本单元不涉及。 【巩固练习】 一、用合适的关系词填空 1.The man ________ lives next door is a police officer. 2.This is the drone ________ is controlled by remote control. 3.Is there anything ________ I can do for you? 4.The bus ________ left just now is the last one today. 5.The girl ________ we talked about is from Canada. 6.This is the teacher to ________ I referred last week. 7.I know the boy ________ brother studies abroad. 8.The room ________ window faces south is my bedroom. 9.I will never forget the day ________ we first met. 10.This is the hotel ________ we stayed during the trip. 11.That’s the reason ________ he missed the early bus. 12.The town ________ my father was born is very beautiful. 13.All the books ________ you bought are interesting. 14.The expert ________ visited our class gave us a speech. 15.The house ________ roof was broken needs repairing. 16.Nobody ________ breaks the rule will get away with it. 17.The magazine ________ I read yesterday talks about global culture. 18.I still keep the photo ________ we took on that sunny morning. 19.This is the lab ________ we do chemistry experiments every week. 20.The only thing ________ matters is your own effort. 二、单项选择 1.This is the book ________ tells us a lot about drones. A. who B. which C. whose D. when 2.The girl ________ we met yesterday is good at calligraphy. A. which B. whose C. whom D. when 3.I still remember the day ________ we visited Xi’an together. A. when B. where C. which D. whose 4.This is the factory ________ my father worked ten years ago. A. which B. where C. what D. when 5.Do you know the boy ________ mother is a police officer? A. who B. whom C. whose D. which 6.There is nothing ________ can stop me from learning English. A. which B. that C. who D. whose 7.The hotel ________ we lived in was clean and quiet. A. where B. when C. which D. whose 8.That’s the reason ________ he didn’t join our activity. A. why B. where C. when D. which 9.The woman to ________ you just spoke is our adviser. A. who B. whom C. whose D. which 10.The bird ________ flies high is called a kite in old times. A. whose B. who C. which D. where 11.I can’t forget the time ________ we stayed in the small town. A. when B. which C. where D. whose 12.This is the point ________ we stopped reading last class. A. which B. where C. when D. whose 13.All ________ he said is true about the disaster. A. which B. what C. that D. whose 14.The student ________ won the marathon is my deskmate. A. who B. which C. whose D. where 15.The house ________ window is open belongs to my uncle. A. who B. whom C. whose D. which 16.This is the most moving story ________ I have ever read. A. which B. that C. who D. whose 17.The town ________ we spent our holiday has plenty of sunshine. A. when B. where C. which D. whose 18.The player ________ we admired most failed the competition. A. whose B. whom C. which D. when 19.I don’t accept the reason ________ you gave me for being late. A. why B. where C. which D. when 20.The scientist ________ work saved many lives is respected worldwide. A. who B. whom C. whose D. which 三、将下列句子改为限定性定语从句 1.The man is my neighbour. He works in a stadium. _________________________________________________ 2.This is a drone. It has no pilot. _________________________________________________ 3.I remember the day. We first met on that day. _________________________________________________ 4.This is the hotel. We stayed in it last holiday _________________________________________________ 5.I don’t know the reason. He left school for the reason. _________________________________________________ 6.The girl is from Iceland. Her father is a pilot. _________________________________________________ 7.The book is very interesting. I bought it yesterday. _________________________________________________ 8.This is the town. My grandma was born here. _________________________________________________ 9.The teacher helped me a lot. I referred to her. _________________________________________________ 10.The team won the game. Its captain is a graceful athlete. _________________________________________________ 11.I like the magazine. It introduces different languages. _________________________________________________ 12.The boy won the prize. We talked about him just now. _________________________________________________ 13.We will visit the village. Many ancient buildings lie in it. _________________________________________________ 14.The plan was put off. He told us the plan. _________________________________________________ 15.I miss the summer. We travelled to Malaysia that summer. _________________________________________________ 四、句子翻译（必须使用限制性定语从句） 1.住在我们隔壁的男士是一名警官。 _________________________________________________ 2.无人机是一种无飞行员、被遥控操作的飞行器。 _________________________________________________ 3.我们永远不会忘记我们初次见面的那一天。 _________________________________________________ 4.这就是我们上次住宿的那家酒店。 _________________________________________________ 5.那就是他错过公交车的原因。 _________________________________________________ 6.窗户朝南的这间房间是我的卧室。 _________________________________________________ 7.昨天拜访我们班的那位专家来自加拿大。 _________________________________________________ 8.我不喜欢那个理由，他用这个理由放弃了比赛。 _________________________________________________ 9.这是我们上次停下学习的地方。 _________________________________________________ 10.父亲出生的小镇风景十分优美。 _________________________________________________ Keys 一、关系词填空 1.who / that 2.that / which 3.that 4.that / which 5.whom / who / that / / 6.whom 7.whose 8.whose 9.when / on which 10.where / in which 11.why / for which 12.where / in which 13.that 14.who / that 15.whose 16.who / that 17.which / that / / 18.which / that / 省略 19.where / in which 20.that 二、单项选择 1.B 2.C 3.A 4.B 5.C6.B 7.C 8.A 9.B 10.C 11.A 12.B 13.C 14.A 15.C16.B 17.B 18.B 19.C 20.C 三、句型转换（标准参考） 1.The man who/that works in a stadium is my neighbour. 2.This is a drone that/which has no pilot. 3.I remember the day when/on which we first met. 4.This is the hotel which/that we stayed in last holiday. 5.I don’t know the reason why/for which he left school. 6.The girl whose father is a pilot is from Iceland. 7.The book (that/which) I bought yesterday is very interesting. 8.This is the town where/in which my grandma was born. 9.The teacher to whom I referred helped me a lot. 10.The team whose captain is a graceful athlete won the game. 11.I like the magazine that/which introduces different languages. 12.The boy (who/whom/that) we talked about just now won the prize. 13.We will visit the village where/in which many ancient buildings lie. 14.The plan (that/which) he told us was put off. 15.I miss the summer when/during which we travelled to Malaysia. 四、句子翻译参考 1.The man who lives next to us is a police officer. 2.A drone is an aircraft without a pilot that is operated by remote control. 3.I’ll never forget the day when we first met. 4.This is the hotel where we stayed last holiday. 5.That’s the reason why he missed his bus. 6.The room whose window faces south is my bedroom. 7.The expert who visited our class yesterday is from Canada. 8.I don’t like the reason why he gave up the game. 9.This is the point where we stopped studying last time. 10.The town where my father was born is very beautiful. 2 / 2 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $