专题 5 主谓一致 导学案-2026年暑假初升高完美衔接（高一专用）

2026学年暑假初升高完美衔接(高一专用) 专题 5 主谓一致 热身训练 训练1 语法一致原则 1. the number of + 复数名词：表示“……的数量”，作主语，谓语动词用单数； 2. a number of + 复数名词：表示“许多……”，相当于many，作主语，谓语动词用复数； 3. 动词不定式、动名词、名词性从句作主语时，谓语动词一般用单数。 The number of local parks ________ greatly increased in the past three years.【2024 四川遂宁】 A. were B. was C. is D. are 答案：C 解析：由时间状语in the past three years可知句子为一般现在时范畴，排除A、B；“the number of+复数名词”作主语，谓语动词用单数，因此选is。 训练2 意义一致原则 时间、距离、金钱、重量、数字等表示总量的名词短语作主语，视作一个整体，谓语动词用单数。 1. —How much ________ this pair of sports shoes? —Eighty yuan ________ enough for it.【2024 山东青岛】 A. is; is B. are; is C. are; are D. is; are 2. Twenty kilometers ________ a long way for teenagers to walk in one day.【2025 天津】 A. have B. has C. is D. are 答案：1.A 2.C 解析：1. 主语this pair of sports shoes核心量词为pair(单数)，谓语用is；金钱数额eighty yuan视作整体，谓语用is。 2. 距离类复数名词短语twenty kilometers表示整体距离，作主语谓语用单数，结合句意选is。 训练3 就近一致原则 there be句型，以及or、either...or...、neither...nor...、not only...but also...、whether...or...连接并列主语时，谓语动词单复数与最近的主语保持一致。 1. There ________ a book and three notebooks on the teacher’s desk now.【2024 辽宁大连】 A. is B. are C. was D. were 2. Not only my parents but also my elder sister ________ fond of traditional Chinese art.【2024 湖南湘西】 A. is B. are C. was D. were 3. Either Lucy or her brothers ________ cleaning the classroom every afternoon.【2025 辽宁营口】 A. do B. does C. will do D. did 答案：1.A 2.A 3.A 解析：1. there be句型遵循就近原则，靠近be动词的a book为单数，时态为一般现在时，选is。 2. not only...but also...就近一致，靠近谓语的my elder sister为单数，描述常态用一般现在时，选is。 3. either...or...就近一致，靠近谓语的her brothers为复数，every afternoon表常态，谓语用原形do。 知识对接 主谓一致核心定义 英语句子中，谓语动词必须和主语在人称、单复数上保持一致，即主谓一致。所有主谓一致用法均围绕三大核心原则：语法一致、意义一致、就近一致。 难点突破 突破1 语法一致原则(形式统一) 核心规则：主语为单数形式，谓语用单数；主语为复数形式，谓语用复数。重点特殊用法如下： 1. 单数谓语核心主语类型 不可数名词、单数名词/代词、不定式短语、动名词短语、名词性从句作主语，谓语一律用单数。 例句：Protecting wild animals is our duty.(保护野生动物是我们的责任) 例句：What we need is more time for practice.(我们需要的是更多练习时间) 补充：what引导主语从句，表语为复数名词时，谓语可用复数。例：What I bought are two dictionaries. 2. and并列主语的特殊规则 ① 普通并列两个不同人/物，谓语用复数； ② 并列结构表示同一人、同一事物、同一概念(后一名词无冠词)，谓语用单数； ③ every/each/no/many a + 单数名词 + and + 同结构，谓语用单数。 例句：The writer and teacher is very popular among students.(作家兼老师，同一人) 3. 修饰插入成分不影响谓语单复数 主语后接with、together with、as well as、except、besides、including、rather than等短语，谓语动词只与前面的主语一致。 例句：The head teacher, together with students, is visiting the museum.(谓语与head teacher一致) 4. 不定代词作主语 each、either、neither及some/any/no/every-合成不定代词(everyone、nothing等)作主语，谓语用单数； none of + 名词作主语，单复数均可，不可数名词搭配单数谓语。 5. 定语从句主谓一致 从句谓语与先行词单复数一致；one of + 复数名词 + 定语从句，从句谓语用复数；the only one of + 复数名词 + 定语从句，从句谓语用单数。 6. 数量、分数、百分数主谓一致 a lot of、plenty of、the rest of、some of、most of、分数/百分数 + 名词，谓语单复数与of后名词一致； a number of(许多)+复数名词，谓语复数；the number of(……数量)+复数名词，谓语单数。 7. 品类名词作主语 a kind of / a pair of / a series of + 名词，谓语用单数；these/those kinds of + 复数名词，谓语用复数。 突破2 意义一致原则(内涵统一) 核心规则：谓语单复数由主语实际表达的含义决定，不拘泥于单词形式。 1. 形单意复名词 people、police、cattle等形式单数、含义复数，作主语谓语用复数。 2. 集体名词双重用法 family、class、team、government、group等：视作整体，谓语单数；强调个体成员，谓语复数。 补充：population单独作主语谓语单数；被分数/百分数/some修饰时，谓语复数。 3. 成双成对物品名词 glasses、trousers、shoes、scissors等单独作主语，谓语复数；被a pair of等量词修饰时，谓语与pair单复数一致。 4. 形复意单名词 学科名词(physics、maths)、国名、报刊书名、新闻news等，形式复数、含义单数，谓语用单数。 5. the + 形容词 表示一类人(the old、the poor)，谓语复数；表示单个抽象概念/特定人，谓语单数。 6. 单复数同形名词 sheep、deer、fish、means、-ese民族名词，根据实际含义判断单复数。 突破3 就近一致原则(位置统一) 核心规则：多主语并列时，谓语动词单复数由距离自己最近的主语决定。 1. 并列连词结构：or、either...or...、neither...nor...、not only...but also...、not...but...、whether...or...； 2. 倒装句型：there be / here be 句型多个主语并列时，遵循就近原则。 例句：There are three girls and one boy in the classroom. 例句：Neither the students nor the teacher knows the answer. 自主训练 单项选择 1. One of the best ways to relax ourselves ________ listening to light music.【2024 贵州铜仁】 A. is B. are C. was D. were 2. Reading English every morning ________ a good habit for senior high students.【2024 广西北部湾】 A. am B. is C. are D. were 3. There ________ a number of new books in our school library, and the number of them ________ growing year by year.【2025 贵州黔东南】 A. is; is B. are; is C. is; are D. are; are 4. Neither Monday nor Tuesday ________ free for me, I have after-school classes both days.【2024 贵州黔西南】 A. is B. are C. am D. was 5. Volunteering in the community ________ a meaningful thing for teenagers.【2025 贵州安顺】 A. is B. are C. was D. were 6. Many a student ________ part in the school sports meeting since last month.【2024 河南真题】 A. take B. takes C. have taken D. has taken 7. None of the information on the Internet ________ always true. We need to check it.【2025 重庆真题】 A. is B. are C. was D. were 8. About two-thirds of the homework ________ finished by students before dinner every day.【2024 云南真题】 A. is B. are C. was D. were 9. Both my deskmate and I ________ interested in playing basketball.【2025 湖南怀化】 A. am B. is C. are D. be 10. Not only my classmates but also my teacher ________ the new school rule.【2024 广东真题】 A. support B. supports C. supported D. supporting 11. Both science and art ________ important for students’ all-round development.【2025 山东真题】 A. is B. are C. was D. were 自主训练答案及精细解析 1. A 解析：one of + 复数名词作主语，谓语动词用单数；本句为客观事实，用一般现在时。 2. B 解析：动名词短语作主语，谓语动词用单数，描述常态用一般现在时。 3. B 解析：a number of(许多)修饰复数名词，谓语用复数are；the number of(……的数量)作主语，谓语用单数is。 4. A 解析：neither...nor...遵循就近原则，靠近谓语的Tuesday为单数，常态描述用一般现在时is。 5. A 解析：动名词短语作主语，谓语动词用单数，客观评价用一般现在时。 6. D 解析：many a + 单数名词表“许多”，作主语谓语用单数；since引导时间状语，用现在完成时。 7. A 解析：none of + 不可数名词作主语，谓语用单数；常态判断用一般现在时。 8. A 解析：分数修饰不可数名词homework，谓语用单数；every day表常态，用一般现在时被动语态。 9. C 解析：both...and...连接两个并列主语，谓语动词用复数。 10. B 解析：not only...but also...就近一致，靠近谓语的my teacher为单数，一般现在时谓语用三单形式。 11. B 解析：both...and...连接两个不同事物作主语，谓语动词用复数，客观事实用一般现在时。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 2026学年暑假初升高完美衔接(高一专用) 专题 5 主谓一致 热身训练 训练1 语法一致原则 1. the number of + 复数名词：表示“……的数量”，作主语，谓语动词用单数； 2. a number of + 复数名词：表示“许多……”，相当于many，作主语，谓语动词用复数； 3. 动词不定式、动名词、名词性从句作主语时，谓语动词一般用单数。 The number of local parks ________ greatly increased in the past three years.【2024 四川遂宁】 A. were B. was C. is D. are 训练2 意义一致原则 时间、距离、金钱、重量、数字等表示总量的名词短语作主语，视作一个整体，谓语动词用单数。 1. —How much ________ this pair of sports shoes? —Eighty yuan ________ enough for it.【2024 山东青岛】 A. is; is B. are; is C. are; are D. is; are 2. Twenty kilometers ________ a long way for teenagers to walk in one day.【2025 天津】 A. have B. has C. is D. are 训练3 就近一致原则 there be句型，以及or、either...or...、neither...nor...、not only...but also...、whether...or...连接并列主语时，谓语动词单复数与最近的主语保持一致。 1. There ________ a book and three notebooks on the teacher’s desk now.【2024 辽宁大连】 A. is B. are C. was D. were 2. Not only my parents but also my elder sister ________ fond of traditional Chinese art.【2024 湖南湘西】 A. is B. are C. was D. were 3. Either Lucy or her brothers ________ cleaning the classroom every afternoon.【2025 辽宁营口】 A. do B. does C. will do D. did 知识对接 主谓一致核心定义 英语句子中，谓语动词必须和主语在人称、单复数上保持一致，即主谓一致。所有主谓一致用法均围绕三大核心原则：语法一致、意义一致、就近一致。 难点突破 突破1 语法一致原则(形式统一) 核心规则：主语为单数形式，谓语用单数；主语为复数形式，谓语用复数。重点特殊用法如下： 1. 单数谓语核心主语类型 不可数名词、单数名词/代词、不定式短语、动名词短语、名词性从句作主语，谓语一律用单数。 例句：Protecting wild animals is our duty.(保护野生动物是我们的责任) 例句：What we need is more time for practice.(我们需要的是更多练习时间) 补充：what引导主语从句，表语为复数名词时，谓语可用复数。例：What I bought are two dictionaries. 2. and并列主语的特殊规则 ① 普通并列两个不同人/物，谓语用复数； ② 并列结构表示同一人、同一事物、同一概念(后一名词无冠词)，谓语用单数； ③ every/each/no/many a + 单数名词 + and + 同结构，谓语用单数。 例句：The writer and teacher is very popular among students.(作家兼老师，同一人) 3. 修饰插入成分不影响谓语单复数 主语后接with、together with、as well as、except、besides、including、rather than等短语，谓语动词只与前面的主语一致。 例句：The head teacher, together with students, is visiting the museum.(谓语与head teacher一致) 4. 不定代词作主语 each、either、neither及some/any/no/every-合成不定代词(everyone、nothing等)作主语，谓语用单数； none of + 名词作主语，单复数均可，不可数名词搭配单数谓语。 5. 定语从句主谓一致 从句谓语与先行词单复数一致；one of + 复数名词 + 定语从句，从句谓语用复数；the only one of + 复数名词 + 定语从句，从句谓语用单数。 6. 数量、分数、百分数主谓一致 a lot of、plenty of、the rest of、some of、most of、分数/百分数 + 名词，谓语单复数与of后名词一致； a number of(许多)+复数名词，谓语复数；the number of(……数量)+复数名词，谓语单数。 7. 品类名词作主语 a kind of / a pair of / a series of + 名词，谓语用单数；these/those kinds of + 复数名词，谓语用复数。 突破2 意义一致原则(内涵统一) 核心规则：谓语单复数由主语实际表达的含义决定，不拘泥于单词形式。 1. 形单意复名词 people、police、cattle等形式单数、含义复数，作主语谓语用复数。 2. 集体名词双重用法 family、class、team、government、group等：视作整体，谓语单数；强调个体成员，谓语复数。 补充：population单独作主语谓语单数；被分数/百分数/some修饰时，谓语复数。 3. 成双成对物品名词 glasses、trousers、shoes、scissors等单独作主语，谓语复数；被a pair of等量词修饰时，谓语与pair单复数一致。 4. 形复意单名词 学科名词(physics、maths)、国名、报刊书名、新闻news等，形式复数、含义单数，谓语用单数。 5. the + 形容词 表示一类人(the old、the poor)，谓语复数；表示单个抽象概念/特定人，谓语单数。 6. 单复数同形名词 sheep、deer、fish、means、-ese民族名词，根据实际含义判断单复数。 突破3 就近一致原则(位置统一) 核心规则：多主语并列时，谓语动词单复数由距离自己最近的主语决定。 1. 并列连词结构：or、either...or...、neither...nor...、not only...but also...、not...but...、whether...or...； 2. 倒装句型：there be / here be 句型多个主语并列时，遵循就近原则。 例句：There are three girls and one boy in the classroom. 例句：Neither the students nor the teacher knows the answer. 自主训练 单项选择 1. One of the best ways to relax ourselves ________ listening to light music.【2024 贵州铜仁】 A. is B. are C. was D. were 2. Reading English every morning ________ a good habit for senior high students.【2024 广西北部湾】 A. am B. is C. are D. were 3. There ________ a number of new books in our school library, and the number of them ________ growing year by year.【2025 贵州黔东南】 A. is; is B. are; is C. is; are D. are; are 4. Neither Monday nor Tuesday ________ free for me, I have after-school classes both days.【2024 贵州黔西南】 A. is B. are C. am D. was 5. Volunteering in the community ________ a meaningful thing for teenagers.【2025 贵州安顺】 A. is B. are C. was D. were 6. Many a student ________ part in the school sports meeting since last month.【2024 河南真题】 A. take B. takes C. have taken D. has taken 7. None of the information on the Internet ________ always true. We need to check it.【2025 重庆真题】 A. is B. are C. was D. were 8. About two-thirds of the homework ________ finished by students before dinner every day.【2024 云南真题】 A. is B. are C. was D. were 9. Both my deskmate and I ________ interested in playing basketball.【2025 湖南怀化】 A. am B. is C. are D. be 10. Not only my classmates but also my teacher ________ the new school rule.【2024 广东真题】 A. support B. supports C. supported D. supporting 11. Both science and art ________ important for students’ all-round development.【2025 山东真题】 A. is B. are C. was D. were 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $