Welcome Unit 语法八大句型讲解 导学案-2026年人教版英语必修一初升高(新高一)暑假衔接专项练习

Welcome Unit八大句型讲解与练习 英语八大基本句型语法梳理（含拓展句型） 一、符号含义速记 符号 英文全称 中文名称 S subject 主语（动作发出者/描述对象） V verb 谓语动词(分不及物动词 vi.,及物动词 vt.,系动词 link v.） P predicative 表语（跟系动词后, 描述主语） O object 宾语（动作承受者） IO indirect object 间接宾语（人） DO direct object 直接宾语（物） C object complement 宾语补足语（补充说明宾语） A adverbial 状语（时间 /地点 /程度 /方式等修饰成分） 二、8 种基础句子结构详解 1. SV 主谓（主语+不及物动词 vi.） 核心：动词后不能直接加宾语，语义完整，可加状语修饰 例句：All of us laughed!S: All of us V: laughed 拓展：The sun rises. / He runs. 2. SVO 主谓宾（主语+及物动词 vt. +宾语） 核心：及物动词必须接宾语，动作有承受对象 例句：I miss my grandma. S: I V: miss O: my grandma 拓展：She loves music. 3. SVP 主系表（主语+系动词+表语） 核心：系动词无实际动作，表语说明主语身份 /特征/状态 常见系动词： 1 be 动词 (am/is/are/was/were)； 2 感官类：look/sound/smell/taste/feel； 3 变化类：become/get/turn/grow； 4 状态类：keep/stay/seem 例句：The teacher was kind and friendly. S: The teacher V (系动词): was P: kind and friendly 4. S V IO DO 主谓双宾（主语+及物动词+间接宾语+直接宾语） 核心：动词后接两个宾语，人 = IO，物 = DO 转换结构：S + V + DO + to/for + IO 例句：He told us a funny story. S: He V: told IO: us DO: a funny story 转换：He told a funny story to us. 同类动词：tell, give, send, buy, pass, show 5. SVOC 主谓宾补（主语+及物动词+宾语+宾语补足语） 核心：只加宾语句意不完整，补语 C 用来补充说明宾语的状态/动作 例句：I found most of my classmates and teachers friendly and helpful. S: I V: found O: most of my classmates and teachers C: friendly and helpful 可作宾补：形容词、名词、不定式、现在分词、过去分词 拓展：We call him Tom.（C = 名词 Tom） 6. SVA 主谓状（主语+不及物动词+状语） 核心：不及物动词本身完整，状语补充动作的程度、方式、地点 例句：He talked too much. S: He V: talked A: too much（程度状语） 拓展：They walked slowly. 7. SVOA 主谓宾状（主语+及物动词+宾语+状语） 核心：主谓宾结构基础上，追加地点/时间/方式等状语 例句：I had my first maths class at senior high school. S: I V: had O: my first maths class A: at senior high school（地点状语） 8. There be 存在句句型 核心结构：There be +名词（真正主语) +地点/时间状语 语法要点：be 动词单复数由后面名词决定（就近原则）； there 无实际含义,仅作形式引导词,真正的主语为后面的名词 例句：There's a lot to explore at senior high. 真正主语：a lot 定语：to explore 状语：at senior high 拓展：There are three books on the desk. 三、四大易混点对比（考试高频考点） 1. 表语P VS 宾语补足语 C 表语 P 宾补 C 跟在系动词后,修饰主语 跟在及物动词的宾语后,修饰宾语 The flower is beautiful. beautiful修饰主语flower I find the flower beautiful. beautiful修饰宾语flower 2. 主谓双宾 SVIO DO VS 主谓宾补 SVOC SVIO DO：两个都是宾语,人+物,可拆分转换 He gave me a pen. = He gave a pen to me. SVOC：后一个成分是补充说明,无法拆分转换 We named the dog Lucky. 不能说 We named Lucky the dog. 3. SV主谓 VS SVA主谓状 SV 只有主语+动词,无修饰成分：Birds fly. SVA 多了状语修饰动词：Birds fly high.（high 状语） 4. 及物动词（接 O）VS 不及物动词（不直接接 O） 及物 vt.：watch TV（直接加宾语 TV） 不及物 vi.：look at TV（必须加介词 at 才能接宾语） 四、快速判断句型步骤 1.找出句子主语 S、谓语 V； 2.判断谓语是系动词/及物动词 /不及物动词； 3.看动词后成分： o系动词后→P（主系表 SVP） o不及物动词后无名词→SV；有修饰成分→SVA o及物动词后 1 个名词→SVO；名词 + 修饰词→SVOA o及物动词后 “人 + 物”→SVIO DO o及物动词后 “名词 + 形容词 / 名词补充说明”→SVOC 4.句首为 There be→单独存在句型。 【巩固练习】 一、基础认知：写出下列成分对应英文缩写 1.主语 ________ 2.谓语动词 ________ 3.宾语 ________ 4.表语 ________ 5.状语 ________ 6.间接宾语 ________ 7.直接宾语 ________ 8.宾语补足语 ________ 二、判断句子结构（可选结构：SV / SVO / SVP / S V IO DO / SVOC / SVA / SVOA / There be，） 1.All of us laughed loudly. ________ 2.I miss my grandma very much. ________ 3.The teacher was kind and friendly. ________ 4.He told us a funny story yesterday. ________ 5.I found my classmates helpful. ________ 6.He talked too much in class. ________ 7.I had my maths class at senior high. ________ 8.There is a new library in our school. ________ 9.The flowers look beautiful. ________ 10.My mother bought me a new pen last week. ________ 11.We keep our classroom clean every day. ________ 12.Birds fly in the sky. ________ 13.She reads English books every morning. ________ 14.There are many chances to learn new things. ________ 15.We call our math teacher Mr. Li. ________ 三、划分句子成分，标注缩写 S / V / O / P / IO / DO / C / A 示例：He (S) told (V) us (IO) a story (DO). 1.The cake tastes sweet. ____________________________________ 2.She gave me a nice gift. ____________________________________ 3.We found the movie interesting. ____________________________________ 4.The little boy cried sadly. ____________________________________ 5.I finish my homework at 7 p.m. ____________________________________ 6.There are some books on the desk. ____________________________________ 7.My father drives carefully every day. ____________________________________ 8.We make our classroom tidy. ____________________________________ 9.He showed me his new watch. ____________________________________ 10.The students are hard-working. ____________________________________ 11.The wind blows strongly in winter. ____________________________________ 12.I bought a lovely notebook this morning. ____________________________________ 13.The news makes me excited. ____________________________________ 14.There stands a tall tree near the gate. ____________________________________ 15.My deskmate handed me a colourful card. ____________________________________ Keys 一、基础认知 1.S 2. V 3. O 4. P 5.A 6. IO 7. DO 8. C 二、判断句子结构 1.SVA 2.SVOA 3.SVP 4.S V IO DO 5.SVOC 6.SVA 7.SVOA 8.There be 9.SVP 10.S V IO DO 11.SVOC 12.SVA 13.SVOA 14.There be 15.SVOC 三、划分句子成分 1.The cake(S) tastes(V) sweet(P). 2.She(S) gave(V) me(IO) a nice gift(DO). 3.We(S) found(V) the movie(O) interesting(C). 4.The little boy(S) cried(V) sadly(A). 5.I(S) finish(V) my homework(O) at 7 p.m.(A). 6.There(形式引导词) are(V) some books(S) on the desk(A). 7.My father(S) drives(V) carefully(A) every day(A). 8.We(S) make(V) our classroom(O) tidy(C). 9.He(S) showed(V) me(IO) his new watch(DO). 10.The students(S) are(V) hard-working(P). 11.The wind(S) blows(V) strongly(A) in winter(A). 12.I(S) bought(V) a lovely notebook(O) this morning(A). 13.The news(S) makes(V) me(O) excited(C). 14.There(形式引导词) stands(V) a tall tree(S) near the gate(A). 15.My deskmate(S) handed(V) me(IO) a colourful card(DO). 2 / 2 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $