专题 4 动词的时态和语态 导学案-2026年暑假初升高完美衔接（高一专用）

2026学年暑假初升高完美衔接(高一专用) 专题 4 动词的时态和语态 热身训练 训练1 对一般现在时的考查 Lots of traditional festivals in China ________ widely by young people nowadays.【2024 四川成都】 A. are celebrated B. were celebrated C. celebrate D. celebrated 训练2 对一般过去时的考查 —You look tired. Did you stay up late last night？ —Yes. I ________ a report for my school project.【2024 江苏苏州】 A. write B. wrote C. will write D. am writing 训练3 对一般将来时的考查 —Our school sports meeting is coming soon. —Great! I ________ the 100-meter race.【2025 山东青岛】 A. joined B. have joined C. will join D. was joining 训练4 对现在进行时的考查 Listen! The students ________ English songs in the classroom. It sounds beautiful.【2024 湖南长沙】 A. sang B. were singing C. will sing D. are singing 训练5 对现在完成时的考查 —We can take the new subway line to the city museum now. —Wow! It ________ much easier for us to travel around.【2024 安徽】 A. makes B. made C. has made D. will make 训练6 对过去进行时的考查 I ________ TV when my mother came back home yesterday evening.【2025 辽宁大连】 A. watch B. will watch C. am watching D. was watching 训练7 对被动语态的考查 1. Paper-cutting ________ as a traditional Chinese art all over the world now.【2024 北京】 A. praise B. praised C. is praised D. was praised 2. Many new parks ________ in our city in the past few years.【2025 甘肃】 A. build B. built C. are built D. have been built 知识对接 接点1 动词的时态 动词时态用来体现动作或状态发生的时间与存在状态，是初高中英语语法核心考点。初中侧重基础八种时态，高中延伸拓展时态用法，解题核心是抓取时间标志词、语境逻辑、主从句时态呼应三大线索。 英语常用核心时态共十种，以动词ask为例，核心结构汇总如下： 常用时态 基本形式 常用时态 基本形式 一般现在时 ask/asks 过去完成时 had asked 一般过去时 asked 将来完成时 will/shall have asked 一般将来时 will/shall ask 现在进行时 am/is/are asking 过去将来时 would/should ask 过去进行时 was/were asking 现在完成时 have/has asked 将来进行时 will/shall be asking 接点2 动词的被动语态 语态区分主语与谓语的逻辑关系：主动语态中主语是动作执行者，被动语态中主语是动作承受者。初高中核心考查不同时态下的被动语态，基本结构统一为：be + 动词过去分词。以ask为例，高频时态被动结构汇总如下： 常用时态 被动语态形式 常用时态 被动语态形式 一般现在时 am/is/are asked 过去进行时 was/were being asked 一般过去时 was/were asked 现在完成时 have/has been asked 一般将来时 will/shall be asked 过去完成时 had been asked 过去将来时 would/should be asked 将来完成时 will/shall have been asked 现在进行时 am/is/are being asked 难点突破 突破1 一般现在时(高频基础考点) 核心用法：表常态、真理、计划动作，是时态辨析的基础，初高中必考。 1. 表现阶段习惯性、经常性动作或存在状态，搭配标志词：often、usually、always、sometimes、every+时间、on+星期等。 例：He always takes exercise every morning.(他每天早上坚持锻炼) 2. 表客观真理、自然规律、既定事实，不受时间影响。 例：Light travels faster than sound.(光速比声速快) 3. 表既定计划、时刻表安排的动作(交通、赛事、日程等)。 例：The school bus leaves at 7:30 every morning.(校车每日早上7:30发车) 4. 核心考点：时间/条件状语从句中，用一般现在时代替一般将来时(主将从现)。 例：I will go hiking if it is sunny tomorrow.(明天晴天我就去徒步) 拓展训练 1. Guilin ________ (lie) in the south of China. 2. Everyone knows that water ________ (be) essential for life. 3. The flight ________ (take) off at 9 a.m. sharp. 突破2 一般过去时(语境辨析重点) 核心用法：单纯描述过去某时动作/状态，只聚焦过去，与现在无关联。 1. 搭配过去时间标志：yesterday、last+时间、two days ago、in+过去年份、just now等。 例：I visited the science museum last Sunday.(我上周日参观了科技馆) 2. 表过去习惯性动作，常用used to do(过去常常，现在已不再)。 例：She used to walk to school.(她过去常步行上学，现在不这样了) 3. 无时间标志时，依托上下文语境判断过去时态。 4. 重难点辨析：一般过去时 VS 现在完成时 一般过去时：有具体过去时间，只讲过去动作，不影响现在； 现在完成时：无具体过去时间，强调过去动作对现在的影响。 拓展训练 1. He ________ (get) up early, washed his face and went jogging yesterday. 2. A foreign teacher ________ (come) to our school just now. 3. I was busy last month and never ________ (have) time for sports. 突破3 一般将来时(多种句式辨析) 核心用法：描述未来将要发生的动作或状态，除will外，两类高频替换结构是初高中衔接重点。 1. 基础用法：搭配tomorrow、next+时间、in the future、in a few days等将来标志词。 2. 特殊结构： ① be to do：表既定计划、官方安排、职责义务，正式度更高； ② be about to do：表即刻即将发生，不搭配具体时间状语； 3. will与be going to核心区别： will：临时决定、主观意愿、客观未来事实； be going to：预先计划、根据迹象预判即将发生。 拓展训练 1. I ________ (take) part in the English speech contest tomorrow. 2. She ________ (visit) her grandparents next weekend. 3. We ________ (try) our best to improve our English. 4. They are going ________ (attend) the school opening ceremony. 突破4 现在完成时(初高中重难点) 核心逻辑：过去动作，影响现在，两大核心用法+固定句型为必考热点。 1. 完成用法：过去动作已结束，对现在产生结果/影响，搭配already、just、yet、ever等； 2. 延续用法：动作从过去开始，持续到现在，可能继续延续，搭配since+时间点、for+时间段； 3. 固定句型：This/It is the first/second...time that+从句(从句必用现在完成时)； 4. 固定句型：It is/has been+时间段+since+一般过去时(通用两种时态)。 拓展训练 1. Over 200 students in our school ________ (join) the volunteer team so far. 2. The cleaners ________ (clean) the whole street already. 3. We ________ (live) in this community since 2018. 4. They ________ (wait) for the bus for more than an hour. 突破5 过去完成时(难点易错点) 核心逻辑：过去的过去，必须依托一个过去时间/动作为参照，强调“更早完成”。 1. 截止过去某一时间前已完成的动作，标志：by the end of+过去年份/时间； 2. 两个过去动作先后发生，先发生的用过去完成时，后发生的用一般过去时； 3. 特殊用法：think/hope/plan等词用过去完成时，表“原本打算/以为，实际未实现”。 拓展训练 1. We ________ (master) over 1500 words by the end of last term. 2. When we rushed to the playground, the sports meeting ________ (start) already. 突破6 现在进行时(情感用法拓展) 1. 基础用法：此时此刻、现阶段正在进行的动作，标志：now、look、listen、these days； 2. 进阶用法：与always/continually连用，表赞扬、厌烦等主观情感； 3. 高频考点：go/come/leave/arrive等短暂性动词，现在进行时表即将发生的将来动作。 拓展训练 1. What ________ you ________ (do) at the moment? 2. I ________ (search) for my missing notebook now. 3. The whole class ________ (prepare) for the coming exam these days. 突破7 过去进行时(时态辨析难点) 1. 核心用法：过去某一时刻/某一阶段正在进行的动作，强调动作持续性； 2. 辨析一般过去时：过去进行时侧重“过去正在做(状态未知)”，一般过去时侧重“过去做完了(事实既定)”； 3. 常用场景：when/while引导的过去时间状语从句，描述背景动作。 突破8 动词的语态(必考核心) 1. 语态判定核心：看主语与谓语的逻辑关系，被动关系必用被动语态； 2. 基本句式： 肯定：主语+be+过去分词+其他 否定：主语+be+not+过去分词+其他 疑问：Be+主语+过去分词+其他？ 3. 主动变被动规则：主动宾语变被动主语，谓语改为对应时态被动结构； 4. 特殊考点：感官动词、使役动词(make/see/hear等)主动省to，被动必须加to。 自主训练 I. 单项选择(2024-2025最新真题) 1. —Look! The children ________ happily in the park.【2024 重庆】 A. play B. played C. are playing D. have played 2. You will fail the exam unless you ________ hard every day.【2025 辽宁盘锦】 A. study B. studied C. will study D. are studying 3. I'm sure you ________ great progress if you keep practicing.【2024 河北】 A. make B. made C. will make D. have made 4. The story ________ really interesting. I want to read it again.【2024 河北】 A. sounds B. smells C. tastes D. feels 5. —Why are you busy these days? —I ________ a birthday gift for my mom. Her birthday is coming.【2025 安徽】 A. am going to prepare B. have prepared C. prepared D. was preparing 6. The new city library ________ in 2024 and it's open to all citizens now.【2024 湖南湘西】 A. was built B. built C. is built D. has been built 7. My father ________ more than 30 charity activities in the past five years.【2024 江苏连云港】 A. joins B. joined C. has joined D. is joining 8. —What did you do during the May Day holiday? —I ________ hiking with my family and took many photos.【2025 云南昆明】 A. hike B. hiked C. am hiking D. will hike 9. Be quiet! The students ________ a listening test in the classroom.【2024 江苏】 A. are taking B. take C. will take D. took 10. Our head teacher ________ us a moral lesson the day before yesterday.【2024 山东】 A. teaches B. taught C. will teach D. had taught 11. I ________ such a wonderful show before. It's really impressive.【2025 湖北】 A. have never seen B. was never seeing C. never saw D. never see 12. He will go out to play basketball as soon as he ________ his homework.【2024 广东】 A. finishes B. doesn't finish C. will finish D. won't finish 13. —Where is your elder brother? —He ________ to Beijing for a study trip. He will be back in three days.【2025 浙江】 A. goes B. will go C. is going D. has gone 14. —Would you like some juice? —No, thank you. I ________ some water already.【2024 湖北鄂州】 A. have drunk B. was drinking C. will drink D. drink 15. There ________ a school art festival in our campus next month.【2025 广西河池】 A. is B. was C. will be D. will have 16. The new high-speed railway ________ into service in December 2024.【2024 吉林长春】 A. is put B. was put C. will be put D. puts 17. The homeless children ________ warmth and care by volunteers every year.【2025 江苏】 A. are treated with B. are treated as C. were treated with D. were treated as II. 单句填空 1. My father often ________ (swim) in the pool in summer. 2. It ________ (seem) that you have known the truth. 3. Hurry up! The classmates ________ (wait) for us now. 4. I ________ (read) a novel when my teacher entered the classroom. 5. We ________ (have) a school picnic this weekend. 6. My key is missing. Who ________ (take) it by mistake? 7. He said he ________ (come) back in ten minutes. 8. When I got to the station, the train ________ (leave). 9. I ________ (lose) my new pen, so I have to buy a new one. 10. He ________ (sit) down and began to do his homework just now. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 2026学年暑假初升高完美衔接(高一专用) 专题 4 动词的时态和语态 热身训练 训练1 对一般现在时的考查 Lots of traditional festivals in China ________ widely by young people nowadays.【2024 四川成都】 A. are celebrated B. were celebrated C. celebrate D. celebrated 答案：A 解析：主语traditional festivals是动作celebrate的承受者，为被动关系；结合nowadays(现如今)可知，句子描述现阶段常态，用一般现在时的被动语态。 训练2 对一般过去时的考查 —You look tired. Did you stay up late last night？ —Yes. I ________ a report for my school project.【2024 江苏苏州】 A. write B. wrote C. will write D. am writing 答案：B 解析：问句中last night为一般过去时的标志性时间状语，询问昨晚的情况，答句对应描述过去发生的动作，用一般过去时。 训练3 对一般将来时的考查 —Our school sports meeting is coming soon. —Great! I ________ the 100-meter race.【2025 山东青岛】 A. joined B. have joined C. will join D. was joining 答案：C 解析：根据前句“运动会即将来临”可知，参赛是将要发生的动作，需用一般将来时。 训练4 对现在进行时的考查 Listen! The students ________ English songs in the classroom. It sounds beautiful.【2024 湖南长沙】 A. sang B. were singing C. will sing D. are singing 答案：D 解析：Listen! 是现在进行时的典型标志词，提示此时此刻动作正在发生，用现在进行时。 训练5 对现在完成时的考查 —We can take the new subway line to the city museum now. —Wow! It ________ much easier for us to travel around.【2024 安徽】 A. makes B. made C. has made D. will make 答案：C 解析：新地铁线路已开通，此处强调过去开通的动作对现在造成的影响(出行更便利)，符合现在完成时的用法。 训练6 对过去进行时的考查 I ________ TV when my mother came back home yesterday evening.【2025 辽宁大连】 A. watch B. will watch C. am watching D. was watching 答案：D 解析：when引导的时间状语从句为一般过去时，主句强调过去某个时间点正在进行的动作，需用过去进行时。 训练7 对被动语态的考查 1. Paper-cutting ________ as a traditional Chinese art all over the world now.【2024 北京】 A. praise B. praised C. is praised D. was praised 2. Many new parks ________ in our city in the past few years.【2025 甘肃】 A. build B. built C. are built D. have been built 答案：1.C 2.D 解析：1. 主语paper-cutting(剪纸)与praise为被动关系，now提示为一般现在时，用一般现在时被动语态。 2. 主语new parks与build为被动关系，in the past few years为现在完成时标志，用现在完成时被动语态。 知识对接 接点1 动词的时态 动词时态用来体现动作或状态发生的时间与存在状态，是初高中英语语法核心考点。初中侧重基础八种时态，高中延伸拓展时态用法，解题核心是抓取时间标志词、语境逻辑、主从句时态呼应三大线索。 英语常用核心时态共十种，以动词ask为例，核心结构汇总如下： 常用时态 基本形式 常用时态 基本形式 一般现在时 ask/asks 过去完成时 had asked 一般过去时 asked 将来完成时 will/shall have asked 一般将来时 will/shall ask 现在进行时 am/is/are asking 过去将来时 would/should ask 过去进行时 was/were asking 现在完成时 have/has asked 将来进行时 will/shall be asking 接点2 动词的被动语态 语态区分主语与谓语的逻辑关系：主动语态中主语是动作执行者，被动语态中主语是动作承受者。初高中核心考查不同时态下的被动语态，基本结构统一为：be + 动词过去分词。以ask为例，高频时态被动结构汇总如下： 常用时态 被动语态形式 常用时态 被动语态形式 一般现在时 am/is/are asked 过去进行时 was/were being asked 一般过去时 was/were asked 现在完成时 have/has been asked 一般将来时 will/shall be asked 过去完成时 had been asked 过去将来时 would/should be asked 将来完成时 will/shall have been asked 现在进行时 am/is/are being asked 难点突破 突破1 一般现在时(高频基础考点) 核心用法：表常态、真理、计划动作，是时态辨析的基础，初高中必考。 1. 表现阶段习惯性、经常性动作或存在状态，搭配标志词：often、usually、always、sometimes、every+时间、on+星期等。 例：He always takes exercise every morning.(他每天早上坚持锻炼) 2. 表客观真理、自然规律、既定事实，不受时间影响。 例：Light travels faster than sound.(光速比声速快) 3. 表既定计划、时刻表安排的动作(交通、赛事、日程等)。 例：The school bus leaves at 7:30 every morning.(校车每日早上7:30发车) 4. 核心考点：时间/条件状语从句中，用一般现在时代替一般将来时(主将从现)。 例：I will go hiking if it is sunny tomorrow.(明天晴天我就去徒步) 拓展训练 1. Guilin ________ (lie) in the south of China. 2. Everyone knows that water ________ (be) essential for life. 3. The flight ________ (take) off at 9 a.m. sharp. 答案：1.lies 2.is 3.takes 突破2 一般过去时(语境辨析重点) 核心用法：单纯描述过去某时动作/状态，只聚焦过去，与现在无关联。 1. 搭配过去时间标志：yesterday、last+时间、two days ago、in+过去年份、just now等。 例：I visited the science museum last Sunday.(我上周日参观了科技馆) 2. 表过去习惯性动作，常用used to do(过去常常，现在已不再)。 例：She used to walk to school.(她过去常步行上学，现在不这样了) 3. 无时间标志时，依托上下文语境判断过去时态。 4. 重难点辨析：一般过去时 VS 现在完成时 一般过去时：有具体过去时间，只讲过去动作，不影响现在； 现在完成时：无具体过去时间，强调过去动作对现在的影响。 拓展训练 1. He ________ (get) up early, washed his face and went jogging yesterday. 2. A foreign teacher ________ (come) to our school just now. 3. I was busy last month and never ________ (have) time for sports. 答案：1.got 2.came 3.had 突破3 一般将来时(多种句式辨析) 核心用法：描述未来将要发生的动作或状态，除will外，两类高频替换结构是初高中衔接重点。 1. 基础用法：搭配tomorrow、next+时间、in the future、in a few days等将来标志词。 2. 特殊结构： ① be to do：表既定计划、官方安排、职责义务，正式度更高； ② be about to do：表即刻即将发生，不搭配具体时间状语； 3. will与be going to核心区别： will：临时决定、主观意愿、客观未来事实； be going to：预先计划、根据迹象预判即将发生。 拓展训练 1. I ________ (take) part in the English speech contest tomorrow. 2. She ________ (visit) her grandparents next weekend. 3. We ________ (try) our best to improve our English. 4. They are going ________ (attend) the school opening ceremony. 答案：1.will/shall take 2.will visit 3.will try 4.to attend 突破4 现在完成时(初高中重难点) 核心逻辑：过去动作，影响现在，两大核心用法+固定句型为必考热点。 1. 完成用法：过去动作已结束，对现在产生结果/影响，搭配already、just、yet、ever等； 2. 延续用法：动作从过去开始，持续到现在，可能继续延续，搭配since+时间点、for+时间段； 3. 固定句型：This/It is the first/second...time that+从句(从句必用现在完成时)； 4. 固定句型：It is/has been+时间段+since+一般过去时(通用两种时态)。 拓展训练 1. Over 200 students in our school ________ (join) the volunteer team so far. 2. The cleaners ________ (clean) the whole street already. 3. We ________ (live) in this community since 2018. 4. They ________ (wait) for the bus for more than an hour. 答案：1.have joined 2.have cleaned 3.have lived 4.have waited 突破5 过去完成时(难点易错点) 核心逻辑：过去的过去，必须依托一个过去时间/动作为参照，强调“更早完成”。 1. 截止过去某一时间前已完成的动作，标志：by the end of+过去年份/时间； 2. 两个过去动作先后发生，先发生的用过去完成时，后发生的用一般过去时； 3. 特殊用法：think/hope/plan等词用过去完成时，表“原本打算/以为，实际未实现”。 拓展训练 1. We ________ (master) over 1500 words by the end of last term. 2. When we rushed to the playground, the sports meeting ________ (start) already. 答案：1.had mastered 2.had started 突破6 现在进行时(情感用法拓展) 1. 基础用法：此时此刻、现阶段正在进行的动作，标志：now、look、listen、these days； 2. 进阶用法：与always/continually连用，表赞扬、厌烦等主观情感； 3. 高频考点：go/come/leave/arrive等短暂性动词，现在进行时表即将发生的将来动作。 拓展训练 1. What ________ you ________ (do) at the moment? 2. I ________ (search) for my missing notebook now. 3. The whole class ________ (prepare) for the coming exam these days. 答案：1.are; doing 2.am searching 3.are preparing 突破7 过去进行时(时态辨析难点) 1. 核心用法：过去某一时刻/某一阶段正在进行的动作，强调动作持续性； 2. 辨析一般过去时：过去进行时侧重“过去正在做(状态未知)”，一般过去时侧重“过去做完了(事实既定)”； 3. 常用场景：when/while引导的过去时间状语从句，描述背景动作。 突破8 动词的语态(必考核心) 1. 语态判定核心：看主语与谓语的逻辑关系，被动关系必用被动语态； 2. 基本句式： 肯定：主语+be+过去分词+其他 否定：主语+be+not+过去分词+其他 疑问：Be+主语+过去分词+其他？ 3. 主动变被动规则：主动宾语变被动主语，谓语改为对应时态被动结构； 4. 特殊考点：感官动词、使役动词(make/see/hear等)主动省to，被动必须加to。 自主训练 I. 单项选择(2024-2025最新真题) 1. —Look! The children ________ happily in the park.【2024 重庆】 A. play B. played C. are playing D. have played 2. You will fail the exam unless you ________ hard every day.【2025 辽宁盘锦】 A. study B. studied C. will study D. are studying 3. I'm sure you ________ great progress if you keep practicing.【2024 河北】 A. make B. made C. will make D. have made 4. The story ________ really interesting. I want to read it again.【2024 河北】 A. sounds B. smells C. tastes D. feels 5. —Why are you busy these days? —I ________ a birthday gift for my mom. Her birthday is coming.【2025 安徽】 A. am going to prepare B. have prepared C. prepared D. was preparing 6. The new city library ________ in 2024 and it's open to all citizens now.【2024 湖南湘西】 A. was built B. built C. is built D. has been built 7. My father ________ more than 30 charity activities in the past five years.【2024 江苏连云港】 A. joins B. joined C. has joined D. is joining 8. —What did you do during the May Day holiday? —I ________ hiking with my family and took many photos.【2025 云南昆明】 A. hike B. hiked C. am hiking D. will hike 9. Be quiet! The students ________ a listening test in the classroom.【2024 江苏】 A. are taking B. take C. will take D. took 10. Our head teacher ________ us a moral lesson the day before yesterday.【2024 山东】 A. teaches B. taught C. will teach D. had taught 11. I ________ such a wonderful show before. It's really impressive.【2025 湖北】 A. have never seen B. was never seeing C. never saw D. never see 12. He will go out to play basketball as soon as he ________ his homework.【2024 广东】 A. finishes B. doesn't finish C. will finish D. won't finish 13. —Where is your elder brother? —He ________ to Beijing for a study trip. He will be back in three days.【2025 浙江】 A. goes B. will go C. is going D. has gone 14. —Would you like some juice? —No, thank you. I ________ some water already.【2024 湖北鄂州】 A. have drunk B. was drinking C. will drink D. drink 15. There ________ a school art festival in our campus next month.【2025 广西河池】 A. is B. was C. will be D. will have 16. The new high-speed railway ________ into service in December 2024.【2024 吉林长春】 A. is put B. was put C. will be put D. puts 17. The homeless children ________ warmth and care by volunteers every year.【2025 江苏】 A. are treated with B. are treated as C. were treated with D. were treated as 答案及解析 1.C Look! 为现在进行时标志，强调此刻动作正在进行。 2.A unless引导条件状语从句，遵循“主将从现”规则，从句用一般现在时。 3.C 从句是将来条件，主句对应表达未来会产生的结果，用一般将来时。 4.A sound“听起来”，贴合“故事很有趣”的语境，为主观感受，用一般现在时。 5.A 母亲节即将到来，准备礼物是计划好的未来动作，用一般将来时。 6.A 2024为过去时间，图书馆与建造为被动关系，用一般过去时被动语态。 7.C in the past five years为现在完成时标志，强调动作持续至今。 8.B 问句询问假期过去的动作，答句用一般过去时对应。 9.A Be quiet! 提示此刻动作正在进行，用现在进行时。 10.B the day before yesterday为一般过去时标志。 11.A before是现在完成时常用标志，表“从未见过”，强调至今为止的经历。 12.A as soon as引导时间状语从句，遵循“主将从现”。 13.D have gone to 表示“去了某地(未返回)”，贴合语境。 14.A already为现在完成时标志，强调动作已完成对现在的影响。 15.C next month表将来，there be句型将来时为there will be。 16.B 2024年12月为过去时间，高铁与投入使用为被动关系，用一般过去时被动语态。 17.A every year表常态，用一般现在时被动；be treated with warmth and care 意为“被给予温暖与关爱”。 II. 单句填空 1. My father often ________ (swim) in the pool in summer. 2. It ________ (seem) that you have known the truth. 3. Hurry up! The classmates ________ (wait) for us now. 4. I ________ (read) a novel when my teacher entered the classroom. 5. We ________ (have) a school picnic this weekend. 6. My key is missing. Who ________ (take) it by mistake? 7. He said he ________ (come) back in ten minutes. 8. When I got to the station, the train ________ (leave). 9. I ________ (lose) my new pen, so I have to buy a new one. 10. He ________ (sit) down and began to do his homework just now. 答案 1.swims 2.seems 3.are waiting 4.was reading 5.will have/are going to have 6.has taken 7.would come 8.had left 9.have lost 10.sat 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $