专题09 被动语态（复习讲义）（天津专用）2027年高考英语一轮复习讲练测

该高中英语高考复习讲义聚焦被动语态核心考点，涵盖基本结构、不同时态被动形式、特殊结构及主动表被动等内容，按“概念-结构-重难点”逻辑搭建知识框架。通过命题透视研判考情，思维建模梳理脉络，考点精讲拆解核心，真题训练感知考向，形成系统复习链，助力学生突破时态语态综合应用难点。 资料突出语境化教学与核心素养培育，如结合社会科技语篇分析被动语态使用场景培养语言能力，对比被动语态与系表结构提升思维品质。创新“三步解题法”（判主被动、定时态、选结构），配合分层练习（基础60%、中档30%、难题10%），确保高效突破。为教师提供清晰复习路径，帮助学生短时间内提升应考能力。

专题09 被动语态 内容导航 01 命题透视·考情前瞻 对标素养，研判高考命题趋势 02 思维建模·脉络梳理 搭建知识框架，构建系统思维 03 考点精讲·靶向突破 拆解核心考点，归纳解题范式 04 真题溯源·考向感知 溯源真题逻辑，感知高考考向 命题透视·考情前瞻 ——对标素养，研判高考命题趋势 考点频次总结 2025 首考 2025 二考 2024 首考 2024 二考 2023 首考 2023 二考 2022 首考 2022 二考 2021 首考 2021 二考 14，现在完成时及主谓一致 7，过去完成时及其被动 3，现在完成进行时 6，现在完成时及其被动 11，将来进行时 12，现在完成时及主谓一致 7，现在进行时及其被动 10，过去完成时 2，一般过去时及其被动语态 3，现在完成时 4，过去完成时及其被动语态 备注 谓语动词在高考单选中的考察是及时态、语态和主谓一致的综合，本专题聚焦于被动语态维度。 考情分析 语篇选材贴近时代与生活，涵盖社会、科技、环保等多元领域；基础题占 60%，中档题 30%，难题 10%，区分度清晰；强调 “语境语法”，需结合语义与逻辑解题。 复习目标 结合近年天真题，此类题目延续 “语境化” 考查，纯语法题占比持续下降；核心考点稳定，语篇选材更注重人文关怀与跨学科视野，重点考察时态、语态和主谓一致三大考点的综合分析。 思维建模·脉络梳理 ——搭建知识框架，构建系统思维 考点精讲·靶向突破 ——拆解核心考点，归纳解题范式 知●识●解●构 一、被动语态的概念 1. 定义 被动语态是英语中重要的语法结构，表示主语是动作的承受者（即动作的执行者不是主语，或执行者不明确、无需强调）。与之相对的是主动语态，表示主语是动作的执行者。 请对比： 1) 主动语态：They built this bridge in 2000.（他们 2000 年建了这座桥。→ 主语 they 是动作 built 的执行者） 2) 被动语态：This bridge was built in 2000.（这座桥建于 2000 年。→ 主语 this bridge 是动作 built 的承受者） 2. 被动语态的3大使用场景 1) 强调动作的承受者（而非执行者）； The prize was won by a 17-year-old student. （奖项被一名 17 岁学生获得。→ 强调 “奖项”） 2) 动作执行者不明确或无需提及； Many trees are planted every spring. （每年春天都种很多树。→ 无需说明 “谁种树”） 3) 正式文体（如科技论文、新闻报道、公文）中，突出客观性； The new policy has been implemented nationwide. （新政策已在全国实施。） 二、被动语态的基本结构 1. 基本结构 被动语态 的基本结构是“be done”； （注：不及物动词无被动语态，如 happen、occur、appear 等） 2. 不同时态的被动结构（重点） 时态 主动结构 被动结构 例句 一般现在时 do/does am/is/are + done Rice is grown in the south of China. 一般过去时 did was/were + done The letter was sent yesterday. 一般将来时 will/be going to will be/be going to be + done The project will be completed next month. 现在进行时 am/is/are + doing am/is/are+ being done A new hospital is being built here. 过去进行时 was/were + doing was/were being done The problem was being discussed at the meeting. 现在完成时 have/has + done have/has+ been done The book has been translated into 10 languages. 过去完成时 had + done had +been done When we arrived, the work had been finished. 情态动词 情态动词 + do 情态动词 + be done The mistake must be corrected immediately. 3. 特殊结构的被动语态 1）带双宾语的动词被动语态 带双宾语（直接宾语 + 间接宾语）的动词（如 give、send、offer、tell 等），被动语态有两种形式： (1) 以间接宾语作主语：She was given a new bike as a birthday gift.（= Someone gave her a new bike...） (2) 以直接宾语作主语：A new bike was given to her as a birthday gift.（需加介词 to/for） 2）带宾语补足语的动词被动语态 使役动词（make、let、have）、感官动词（see、hear、watch、notice 等）后接宾语补足语时，被动语态中宾语补足语需还原 to： (1) 主动：We saw him enter the building. (2) 被动：He was seen to enter the building.（还原 to） (3) 例外：let 在被动中仍用 be let do：He was let go.（他被放走了。） 3）短语动词的被动语态 由 “动词 + 介词 / 副词” 构成的短语动词（如 look after、take care of、put off、carry out 等），被动语态中短语需保持完整，不可拆分： 1) The children are well looked after.（不能说 The children are well looked.） 2) The plan has been put off.（不能说 The plan has been put.） 重难点点拨 重难点 1：主动表被动的特殊情况（高频考点） 有些情况下，主动语态形式可表达被动含义，无需用被动结构，需重点记忆： （1）感官动词（look、sound、feel、taste、smell）+ 形容词：The flower smells sweet.（花闻起来香。→ 主动表被动） （2）不及物动词（如 sell、wash、write、read、open、close 等）与 well、easily、smoothly 等副词连用：This pen writes smoothly.（这支笔写起来流畅。）/ The book sells well.（这本书畅销。） （3）be + 形容词 + to do（常用形容词：easy、difficult、hard、heavy、light、pleasant 等）：The task is easy to finish.（这项任务容易完成。→ 主动形式表被动含义） （4）need/want/require + doing（= need/want/require to be done）：The room needs cleaning.（= The room needs to be cleaned. 房间需要打扫。） 重难点 2：不能用被动语态的情况（易错点） （1）不及物动词或短语（happen、occur、take place、break out、come true 等）：The accident happened at 8 o'clock.（不能说 The accident was happened...） （2）表示状态的动词（have、own、possess、belong to、contain、hold 等）：He owns a big company.（不能说 A big company is owned by him. 虽语法正确，但极少用，因 own 表状态，无需被动） （3）反身代词、相互代词作宾语的动词：They enjoyed themselves.（不能说 Themselves were enjoyed by them.） （4）主动形式表被动的固定搭配（如 last、cost、weigh、measure 等）：The shirt costs 100 yuan.（不能说 The shirt is cost...） 重难点 3：by 短语的用法 （1）by + 动作执行者：The letter was written by my father.（信是我爸爸写的。→ 强调执行者时用） （2）无需强调执行者时，省略 by 短语：Many old buildings have been pulled down.（许多旧建筑已被拆除。） （3）注意与 with 的区别：by 表 “动作执行者” 或 “方式”，with 表 “工具”：The window was broken by a boy with a stone.（窗户被一个男孩用石头打破了。） 注意事项 1. 被动语态 vs 系表结构（be + 形容词化的过去分词） 1) 被动语态：强调 “动作的承受”，可接 by 短语，能用于进行时 / 完成时等时态。 例：The door was closed by Tom.（门被汤姆关上了。→ 被动语态，强调动作） 2) 系表结构：强调 “主语的状态”，不接 by 短语，不能用于进行时。 例：The door was closed.（门是关着的。→ 系表结构，强调状态） 常见的形容词化过去分词：closed、broken、interested、excited、surprised、tired 等。 2. get + V-ed vs be + V-ed 两者都可表示被动，区别如下： 1) be + V-ed：正式、通用，可用于各种时态和语境。 例：The work was finished on time.（工作按时完成了。） 2) get + V-ed：口语化，强调 “意外发生” 或 “主动经历”，不可用于正式文体，少用 by 短语。 例：He got hurt in the accident.（他在事故中受伤了。→ 意外）/ She got married last year.（她去年结婚了。→ 主动经历） 考●向●破●译 1．（2026·天津南开·二模）By the time the concert kicked off, all the instruments________ perfectly. A．have adjusted B．had adjusted C．have been adjusted D．had been adjusted 2．（2026·天津东丽·二模）By 8 p.m. yesterday, I was exhausted because all the housework ______ for the family gathering that evening. A．was finished B．would be finished C．has been finished D．had been finished 3．（2026·天津河西·三模）More than one student in our class ________ chosen to participate in the international exchange program so far. A．have been B．has been C．are D．is 4．（2026·天津北辰·二模）Either you or James ________ as manager of the sales department when Mr. White retires next month, so you should try your best to do your job well. A．are to be appointed B．is to be appointed C．are appointed D．is appointed 5．（2026·天津和平·二模）In the banquet hall, where a wedding ________, some of the groom’s friends were busy welcoming the guests. A．will be held B．was holding C．was to be held D．had held 6．（2026·天津东丽·一模）Currently, an AI system for medical diagnosis ___ by research teams worldwide, aiming to assist doctors in detecting diseases earlier. A．developed B．is being developed C．has developed D．had been developed 7．（2026·天津河西·一模）The historical wooden bridge across the river ________ for over a year due to severe erosion, but the latest report says the restoration ________ and will reopen next month. A．has been closed; is progressing B．has been closed; had progressed C．had been closed; has been progressing D．had been closed; was progressing 8．（2026·天津·模拟预测）Not only many ancient Chinese poems but also the classic novel Dream of the Red Chamber __________ to be translated into dozens of foreign languages so far, and great cultural significance __________ to them by people all over the world. A．have been proved; is attached B．has been proved; are attached C．have been proved; are attached D．has been proved; is attached 9．（2026·天津红桥·一模）One day I came home and found that a present ______ on the desk: a book called The Art of Procrastination. A．has been left B．was leaving C．had been left D．had left 10．（2026·天津南开·一模）It is believed that by 2030, the importance of bilingual education ________ widely in the educational system. A．will recognize B．will have been recognized C．recognized D．was recognized 11．（2026·天津河北·一模）Over the past two hundred years, each of the Peking Opera masks ______ with unique colours and patterns to help the audience identify the character immediately. A．is designed B．had been designed C．was designed D．has been designed 12．（2025·天津河北·模拟预测）A new science museum ______ in our city, and it is expected to open next month. A．builds B．has built C．built D．is being built 13．（2025·天津武清·模拟预测）It is true that important advances ________ in medicine and environmental science thanks to increasing computer power. A．made B．have made C．has been made D．have been made 14．（2025·天津宝坻·二模）By the time the rescue team arrived at the earthquake site, over 50 survivors ________ from the rubble. A．have been pulled B．were pulled C．had been pulled D．would be pulled 15．（2025·天津宝坻·二模）A series of experiments ________ in the coming weeks to test the new vaccine's effectiveness. A．are conducting B．conducted C．will be conducted D．had conducted 16．（2025·天津滨海新区·三模）In the past decade, nearly seventy percent of the untouched wetlands ______ to fully survey the biological wealth. A．have covered B．covered C．were covered D．have been covered 17．（2025·天津河东·二模）The young man ______ an explanation a second time, but he was still at a loss to know how to address the problem. A．gave B．had given C．has been given D．had been given 18．（2025·天津和平·二模）Sheep have been so changed by breeding that their wild ancestors are hard ________. A．identifying B．being identified C．to identify D．to be identified 19．（2024·天津河北·二模）Many a new safety rule ______ in schools over the last three years to help create a happier and more secure learning environment. A．has made B．has been made C．have been made D．have made 20．（2023·天津南开·一模）Currently, almost 50 percent of jobs, including journalism, ______ with technology that can operate automatically. A．has been replacing B．is being replaced C．have been replacing D．are being replaced 21．（2025·天津河北·一模）The researchers have been conducting experiments for years, and their dedication _________ with groundbreaking discoveries soon. A．rewarded B．was rewarded C．will reward D．will be rewarded 22．（24-25高三上·天津河北·期末）At present, yoga, along with deep breathing exercises and Tai chi, ______ one of the most beneficial activities for health and wellness. A．was considered B．is considered C．were considered D．are considered 23．（24-25高三上·天津和平·期末）Many a new apartment building ______ in the quake-stricken area currently, so we have confidence that the city will take on a new look sooner than previously expected. A．are rebuilt B．is being rebuilt C．was been rebuilding D．have been rebuilt 24．（2025·天津红桥·一模）Two-thirds of the desert in that district ________ covered with trees and grass. A．have been B．has been C．have D．has 25．（2024·天津河东·二模）Over the years most of his songs ________ and played in every possible way—from jazz to country. A．are being sing B．have been sung C．were singing D．had been sung 26．（2024·天津滨海新区·三模）Many a measure ______ to develop local industries and promote tourism since the launch of the Green Rural Program. A．has been taken B．are taken C．have been taken D．is taken 27．（2024·天津北辰·三模）—Hey! Here is a message on my cellphone, telling me that I have won the prize of a weekend for two in Rome. —Delete it! It’s a trick. Many a person ______ by such tricks. A．was cheated B．were cheated C．has been cheated D．have been cheated 28．（2024·天津河北·一模）It’s amazing that the ocean contains 99% of the living space on the planet and yet less than 10% of that space ________ by humans up to now. A．has been explored B．is being explored C．have been explored D．are being explored 29．（23-24高三上·天津河西·期末）The villagers hope that the world knows more about their traditional art that _________ for hundreds of years through the TV program. A．preserved B．has been preserved C．will be preserved D．was preserved 30．（2023·天津河西·三模）Jenny, along with two boys in our school, ______ to London to attend an international meeting the other day. A．are invited B．is invited C．were invited D．was invited 真题溯源·考向感知 ——溯源真题逻辑，感知高考考向 1．（2025·天津·高考真题）The reading materials________ before the training began, so that everyone had a copy. A．have printed B．had printed C．have been printed D．had been printed 2．（2025·天津·高考真题）Deng Jiaxian was one of the 23 scientists who awarded for their extraordinary contributions to China’s “two bombs, one satellite” project. A．was B．were C．has D．have 3．（2023·天津·高考真题）The wooden tower that ___________ will be open to the public soon, and the work is almost finished. A．is restoring B．is restored C．is being restored D．restores 4．（2022·天津·高考真题）Food and medical supplies________ to all the residents after the hurricane last Sunday. A．distribute B．distributed C．are distributed D．were distributed 5．（2021·天津·高考真题）Currently, about 35,000 works ________ in over 300 rooms in the Louvre, and it would take a lifetime to see everything. A．were displaying B．are displaying C．were being displayed D．are being displayed 6．（2021·天津·高考真题）Mark is a genius. By the time he graduated, he ________ jobs by a dozen computer companies. A．has offered B．has been offered C．had offered D．had been offered 7．（2019·天津·高考真题）Amy, as well as her brothers, ________ a warm welcome when returning to the village last week. A．is given B．are given C．was given D．were given 8．（2017·天津·高考真题）Nowadays, cycling, along with jogging and swimming, ___________ as one of the best all-round forms of exercise. A．regard B．is regarded C．are regarded D．regards 9．（2015·天津·高考真题）Despite the previous rounds of talks, no agreement __________so far by the two sides. A．has been reached B．was reached C．will reach D．will have reached 10．（2012·天津·高考真题）The letters for the boss___________ on his desk but he didn’t read them until 3 days later. A．were put B．was put C．put D．has put 1 / 19 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题09 被动语态 内容导航 01 命题透视·考情前瞻 对标素养，研判高考命题趋势 02 思维建模·脉络梳理 搭建知识框架，构建系统思维 03 考点精讲·靶向突破 拆解核心考点，归纳解题范式 04 真题溯源·考向感知 溯源真题逻辑，感知高考考向 命题透视·考情前瞻 ——对标素养，研判高考命题趋势 考点频次总结 2025 首考 2025 二考 2024 首考 2024 二考 2023 首考 2023 二考 2022 首考 2022 二考 2021 首考 2021 二考 14，现在完成时及主谓一致 7，过去完成时及其被动 3，现在完成进行时 6，现在完成时及其被动 11，将来进行时 12，现在完成时及主谓一致 7，现在进行时及其被动 10，过去完成时 2，一般过去时及其被动语态 3，现在完成时 4，过去完成时及其被动语态 备注 谓语动词在高考单选中的考察是及时态、语态和主谓一致的综合，本专题聚焦于被动语态维度。 考情分析 语篇选材贴近时代与生活，涵盖社会、科技、环保等多元领域；基础题占 60%，中档题 30%，难题 10%，区分度清晰；强调 “语境语法”，需结合语义与逻辑解题。 复习目标 结合近年天真题，此类题目延续 “语境化” 考查，纯语法题占比持续下降；核心考点稳定，语篇选材更注重人文关怀与跨学科视野，重点考察时态、语态和主谓一致三大考点的综合分析。 思维建模·脉络梳理 ——搭建知识框架，构建系统思维 考点精讲·靶向突破 ——拆解核心考点，归纳解题范式 知●识●解●构 一、被动语态的概念 1. 定义 被动语态是英语中重要的语法结构，表示主语是动作的承受者（即动作的执行者不是主语，或执行者不明确、无需强调）。与之相对的是主动语态，表示主语是动作的执行者。 请对比： 1) 主动语态：They built this bridge in 2000.（他们 2000 年建了这座桥。→ 主语 they 是动作 built 的执行者） 2) 被动语态：This bridge was built in 2000.（这座桥建于 2000 年。→ 主语 this bridge 是动作 built 的承受者） 2. 被动语态的3大使用场景 1) 强调动作的承受者（而非执行者）； The prize was won by a 17-year-old student. （奖项被一名 17 岁学生获得。→ 强调 “奖项”） 2) 动作执行者不明确或无需提及； Many trees are planted every spring. （每年春天都种很多树。→ 无需说明 “谁种树”） 3) 正式文体（如科技论文、新闻报道、公文）中，突出客观性； The new policy has been implemented nationwide. （新政策已在全国实施。） 二、被动语态的基本结构 1. 基本结构 被动语态 的基本结构是“be done”； （注：不及物动词无被动语态，如 happen、occur、appear 等） 2. 不同时态的被动结构（重点） 时态 主动结构 被动结构 例句 一般现在时 do/does am/is/are + done Rice is grown in the south of China. 一般过去时 did was/were + done The letter was sent yesterday. 一般将来时 will/be going to will be/be going to be + done The project will be completed next month. 现在进行时 am/is/are + doing am/is/are+ being done A new hospital is being built here. 过去进行时 was/were + doing was/were being done The problem was being discussed at the meeting. 现在完成时 have/has + done have/has+ been done The book has been translated into 10 languages. 过去完成时 had + done had +been done When we arrived, the work had been finished. 情态动词 情态动词 + do 情态动词 + be done The mistake must be corrected immediately. 3. 特殊结构的被动语态 1）带双宾语的动词被动语态 带双宾语（直接宾语 + 间接宾语）的动词（如 give、send、offer、tell 等），被动语态有两种形式： (1) 以间接宾语作主语：She was given a new bike as a birthday gift.（= Someone gave her a new bike...） (2) 以直接宾语作主语：A new bike was given to her as a birthday gift.（需加介词 to/for） 2）带宾语补足语的动词被动语态 使役动词（make、let、have）、感官动词（see、hear、watch、notice 等）后接宾语补足语时，被动语态中宾语补足语需还原 to： (1) 主动：We saw him enter the building. (2) 被动：He was seen to enter the building.（还原 to） (3) 例外：let 在被动中仍用 be let do：He was let go.（他被放走了。） 3）短语动词的被动语态 由 “动词 + 介词 / 副词” 构成的短语动词（如 look after、take care of、put off、carry out 等），被动语态中短语需保持完整，不可拆分： 1) The children are well looked after.（不能说 The children are well looked.） 2) The plan has been put off.（不能说 The plan has been put.） 重难点点拨 重难点 1：主动表被动的特殊情况（高频考点） 有些情况下，主动语态形式可表达被动含义，无需用被动结构，需重点记忆： （1）感官动词（look、sound、feel、taste、smell）+ 形容词：The flower smells sweet.（花闻起来香。→ 主动表被动） （2）不及物动词（如 sell、wash、write、read、open、close 等）与 well、easily、smoothly 等副词连用：This pen writes smoothly.（这支笔写起来流畅。）/ The book sells well.（这本书畅销。） （3）be + 形容词 + to do（常用形容词：easy、difficult、hard、heavy、light、pleasant 等）：The task is easy to finish.（这项任务容易完成。→ 主动形式表被动含义） （4）need/want/require + doing（= need/want/require to be done）：The room needs cleaning.（= The room needs to be cleaned. 房间需要打扫。） 重难点 2：不能用被动语态的情况（易错点） （1）不及物动词或短语（happen、occur、take place、break out、come true 等）：The accident happened at 8 o'clock.（不能说 The accident was happened...） （2）表示状态的动词（have、own、possess、belong to、contain、hold 等）：He owns a big company.（不能说 A big company is owned by him. 虽语法正确，但极少用，因 own 表状态，无需被动） （3）反身代词、相互代词作宾语的动词：They enjoyed themselves.（不能说 Themselves were enjoyed by them.） （4）主动形式表被动的固定搭配（如 last、cost、weigh、measure 等）：The shirt costs 100 yuan.（不能说 The shirt is cost...） 重难点 3：by 短语的用法 （1）by + 动作执行者：The letter was written by my father.（信是我爸爸写的。→ 强调执行者时用） （2）无需强调执行者时，省略 by 短语：Many old buildings have been pulled down.（许多旧建筑已被拆除。） （3）注意与 with 的区别：by 表 “动作执行者” 或 “方式”，with 表 “工具”：The window was broken by a boy with a stone.（窗户被一个男孩用石头打破了。） 注意事项 1. 被动语态 vs 系表结构（be + 形容词化的过去分词） 1) 被动语态：强调 “动作的承受”，可接 by 短语，能用于进行时 / 完成时等时态。 例：The door was closed by Tom.（门被汤姆关上了。→ 被动语态，强调动作） 2) 系表结构：强调 “主语的状态”，不接 by 短语，不能用于进行时。 例：The door was closed.（门是关着的。→ 系表结构，强调状态） 常见的形容词化过去分词：closed、broken、interested、excited、surprised、tired 等。 2. get + V-ed vs be + V-ed 两者都可表示被动，区别如下： 1) be + V-ed：正式、通用，可用于各种时态和语境。 例：The work was finished on time.（工作按时完成了。） 2) get + V-ed：口语化，强调 “意外发生” 或 “主动经历”，不可用于正式文体，少用 by 短语。 例：He got hurt in the accident.（他在事故中受伤了。→ 意外）/ She got married last year.（她去年结婚了。→ 主动经历） 考●向●破●译 1．（2026·天津南开·二模）By the time the concert kicked off, all the instruments________ perfectly. A．have adjusted B．had adjusted C．have been adjusted D．had been adjusted 【答案】D 【详解】句意：到音乐会开始的时候，所有乐器都已调试好。By the time引导时间状语从句，从句the concert kicked off是一般过去时，主句动作adjust the instruments发生在“音乐会开始”之前，即“过去的过去”，所以要用过去完成时，且主语all the instruments和adjust之间是被动关系，使用被动语态。 2．（2026·天津东丽·二模）By 8 p.m. yesterday, I was exhausted because all the housework ______ for the family gathering that evening. A．was finished B．would be finished C．has been finished D．had been finished 【答案】D 【详解】句意：到昨晚八点时我已经筋疲力尽，因为为当晚家庭聚会准备的所有家务都已经做完了。此处为谓语动词，根据时间状语“By 8 p.m. yesterday”可知，此处表示过去的过去，所以使用过去完成时，且housework和finish是被动关系，应使用过去完成时的被动语态。 3．（2026·天津河西·三模）More than one student in our class ________ chosen to participate in the international exchange program so far. A．have been B．has been C．are D．is 【答案】B 【详解】句意：到目前为止，我们班不止一名学生被选中参加国际交流项目。根据句中的时间状语so far可知，句子应使用现在完成时。“more than one + 单数名词”作主语时，虽然意义上表示复数（不止一个），但谓语动词需遵循语法一致原则，使用单数形式。因此，助动词应用has。 4．（2026·天津北辰·二模）Either you or James ________ as manager of the sales department when Mr. White retires next month, so you should try your best to do your job well. A．are to be appointed B．is to be appointed C．are appointed D．is appointed 【答案】B 【详解】句意：下个月怀特先生退休时，要么你要么詹姆斯将被任命为销售部门经理，所以你应该尽力把工作做好。either...or...连接两个并列主语时，谓语动词遵循“就近原则”，与离它最近的主语James保持一致，所以谓语动词用单数形式，排除are相关选项。根据next month可知，这里表示将来的动作，且James与appoint之间是被动关系，即“被任命”，be to do sth.可表将来，is to be appointed符合将来被动的结构。 5．（2026·天津和平·二模）In the banquet hall, where a wedding ________, some of the groom’s friends were busy welcoming the guests. A．will be held B．was holding C．was to be held D．had held 【答案】C 【详解】句意：在即将举办婚礼的宴会厅里，新郎的一些朋友正忙着迎接宾客。此处wedding与hold为被动关系，排除B、D；主句为一般过去时，空格表示过去将来的动作，be to do可表计划将要发生的事，所以谓语动词为was to be held。 6．（2026·天津东丽·一模）Currently, an AI system for medical diagnosis ___ by research teams worldwide, aiming to assist doctors in detecting diseases earlier. A．developed B．is being developed C．has developed D．had been developed 【答案】B 【详解】考查时态语态。句意：目前，全球的研究团队正在开发一种用于医学诊断的人工智能系统，旨在帮助医生更早地检测疾病。根据时间状语Currently可知，句子用现在进行时；且主语an AI system for medical diagnosis与develop之间是被动关系，用现在进行时的被动语态，其结构为“am/is/are being done”；主语为单数，be动词用is，谓语用is being developed。故选B。 7．（2026·天津河西·一模）The historical wooden bridge across the river ________ for over a year due to severe erosion, but the latest report says the restoration ________ and will reopen next month. A．has been closed; is progressing B．has been closed; had progressed C．had been closed; has been progressing D．had been closed; was progressing 【答案】A 【详解】考查时态和语态。句意：河上那座历史悠久的木桥因严重侵蚀已经关闭一年多了，但最新报告称修复工作正在进行，下个月将重新开放。第一空根据时间状语“for over a year”可知，此处用现在完成时，bridge与close是被动关系，且主语为第三人称单数，所以谓语动词用has been closed；第二空表示现阶段正在进行的动作，结合“and will reopen next month”可知，此处用现在进行时，谓语动词为第三人称单数，所以第二空为is progressing。故选A项。 8．（2026·天津·模拟预测）Not only many ancient Chinese poems but also the classic novel Dream of the Red Chamber __________ to be translated into dozens of foreign languages so far, and great cultural significance __________ to them by people all over the world. A．have been proved; is attached B．has been proved; are attached C．have been proved; are attached D．has been proved; is attached 【答案】D 【详解】考查时态、语态和主谓一致。句意：不仅许多中国古代诗歌，就连经典小说《红楼梦》也已被证实已被翻译成数十种外语，而且它们在全世界范围内都具有极高的文化价值，受到人们的广泛重视。第一空主语与谓语构成被动关系，且Not only...but also... 谓语动词遵循就近原则，靠近的是 Dream of the Red Chamber（单数），所以第一空用 has been proved；第二空attach great significance to sth.表示“认为…… 有重要意义”，此处为被动关系，主语是 significance（不可数 / 单数），用 is attached。故选D。 9．（2026·天津红桥·一模）One day I came home and found that a present ______ on the desk: a book called The Art of Procrastination. A．has been left B．was leaving C．had been left D．had left 【答案】C 【详解】考查时态和语态。句意：有一天我回到家，发现桌上留了一份礼物：一本名为《拖延的艺术》的书。分析句子结构可知，found为谓语动词，其后是由that引导的宾语从句。在这个宾语从句中，a present与leave之间是被动关系，即礼物是被留下的，所以要用被动语态；同时leave这个动作发生在found之前，found是一般过去时，那么leave就是过去的过去，要用过去完成时，过去完成时的被动语态结构是“had + been + 过去分词”。故选C。 10．（2026·天津南开·一模）It is believed that by 2030, the importance of bilingual education ________ widely in the educational system. A．will recognize B．will have been recognized C．recognized D．was recognized 【答案】B 【详解】考查动词时态和语态。句意：人们认为，到2030年，双语教育的重要性将在教育体系中得到广泛认可。recognize(认可)是从句谓语动词，与主语“the importance of bilingual education”之间是被动关系，结合时间状语“by 2030”可知，描述将来某一时间前已经完成的动作，应用将来完成时的被动语态。故选B项。 11．（2026·天津河北·一模）Over the past two hundred years, each of the Peking Opera masks ______ with unique colours and patterns to help the audience identify the character immediately. A．is designed B．had been designed C．was designed D．has been designed 【答案】D 【详解】考查动词时态语态。句意：在过去的两百年里，每一张京剧脸谱都被设计成独特的颜色和图案，以帮助观众立刻识别角色。根据时间状语“Over the past two hundred years”可知，此处使用现在完成时，each of the Peking Opera masks和design为被动关系，需用被动语态。故选D。 12．（2025·天津河北·模拟预测）A new science museum ______ in our city, and it is expected to open next month. A．builds B．has built C．built D．is being built 【答案】D 【详解】考查动词时态和语态。句意：我们市正在建造一座新的科学博物馆，预计下个月开放。句子主语“A new science museum（新科学博物馆）”与谓语动词“build（建造）”之间为被动关系，因此需用被动语态；由后半句“it is expected to open next month（预计下月开放）”可知，博物馆目前“正在建造中”，尚未完工，故应用现在进行时的被动语态be being done。故选D项。 13．（2025·天津武清·模拟预测）It is true that important advances ________ in medicine and environmental science thanks to increasing computer power. A．made B．have made C．has been made D．have been made 【答案】D 【详解】考查动词时态和语态。句意：由于计算机算力的提升，医学和环境科学确实已经取得了重要进展。根据空前It is true that important advances可知，It作形式主语，that引导主语从句，空处为从句谓语动词，句子强调“计算机算力提升”对现在的影响，应用现在完成时have/ has done，主语advances与谓语make之间为被动关系，需用现在完成时的被动语态，主语为复数，助动词用have，答案为have been made。故选D。 14．（2025·天津宝坻·二模）By the time the rescue team arrived at the earthquake site, over 50 survivors ________ from the rubble. A．have been pulled B．were pulled C．had been pulled D．would be pulled 【答案】C 【详解】考查时态语态。句意：等到救援队伍抵达地震现场时，已有超过50名幸存者从废墟中被救出。主语over 50 survivors与谓语动词pull构成被动关系，根据上文By the time the rescue team arrived at the earthquake site可知为过去完成时的被动语态，故选C。 15．（2025·天津宝坻·二模）A series of experiments ________ in the coming weeks to test the new vaccine's effectiveness. A．are conducting B．conducted C．will be conducted D．had conducted 【答案】C 【详解】考查时态和语态。句意：未来几周将进行一系列实验，以测试这种新疫苗的有效性。根据 时间状语in the coming weeks可知，句子时态应该是一般将来时。A series of experiments和 conduct之间是被动关系，所以要用被动语态。故选C。 16．（2025·天津滨海新区·三模）In the past decade, nearly seventy percent of the untouched wetlands ______ to fully survey the biological wealth. A．have covered B．covered C．were covered D．have been covered 【答案】D 【详解】考查时态语态。句意：在过去的十年中，近70%的未受破坏的湿地被覆盖，以充分调查生物财富。主语 nearly seventy percent of the untouched wetlands与谓语构成被动关系，根据上文时间状语In the past decade可知为现在完成时的被动语态，主语是复数，助动词用have。故选D。 17．（2025·天津河东·二模）The young man ______ an explanation a second time, but he was still at a loss to know how to address the problem. A．gave B．had given C．has been given D．had been given 【答案】D 【详解】考查动词时态和语态。句意：这个年轻人第二次得到了解释，但他仍然不知道如何解决这个问题。分析句子可知，句中“but he was still at a loss...”使用了一般过去时，而“give an explanation”这个动作发生在“was still at a loss”之前，即过去的过去，所以要用过去完成时。同时，“the young man”和“give an explanation”之间是被动关系，即“这个年轻人被给予解释”，所以要用过去完成时的被动语态“had been given”。故选D项。 18．（2025·天津和平·二模）Sheep have been so changed by breeding that their wild ancestors are hard ________. A．identifying B．being identified C．to identify D．to be identified 【答案】C 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：绵羊已经被驯化得与它们的野生祖先大不相同了，以至于很难辨认出它们。此处为固定句型：主语+be+adj.+to do，表示“做某事是……的”，identify与逻辑主语their wild ancestors构成被动关系，使用不定式的主动形式表示被动意义。故选C。 19．（2024·天津河北·二模）Many a new safety rule ______ in schools over the last three years to help create a happier and more secure learning environment. A．has made B．has been made C．have been made D．have made 【答案】B 【详解】考查时态语态和主谓一致。句意：在过去的三年里，学校制定了许多新的安全规则，以帮助创造一个更快乐、更安全的学习环境。根据“over the last three years”可知，应该使用现在完成时。“many a new safety rule”作主语，谓语动词用单数，且与make之间为被动关系，因此使用现在完成时的被动语态，助动词用has。故选B。 20．（2023·天津南开·一模）Currently, almost 50 percent of jobs, including journalism, ______ with technology that can operate automatically. A．has been replacing B．is being replaced C．have been replacing D．are being replaced 【答案】D 【详解】考查动词时态语态和主谓一致。句意：目前，包括新闻业在内的近50%的工作岗位正在被可以自动操作的技术所取代。根据句中Currently可知，句子陈述的是现在正在发生的动作，应用现在进行时，且句子主语almost 50 percent of jobs与replace之间是被动关系，应用现在进行时的被动语态，almost 50 percent of jobs是复数，be动词用are。故选D。 21．（2025·天津河北·一模）The researchers have been conducting experiments for years, and their dedication _________ with groundbreaking discoveries soon. A．rewarded B．was rewarded C．will reward D．will be rewarded 【答案】D 【详解】考查谓语动词。句意：研究人员多年来一直在进行实验，他们的奉献精神很快就会得到突破性发现的回报。此处为谓语动词，由soon可知，句子用一般将来时，reward与主语their dedication之间为被动关系，所以此处使用一般将来时的被动语态，表示“他们的奉献精神很快就会得到突破性发现的回报”，“得到……的回报”是所以谓语动词是will be rewarded。故选D。 22．（24-25高三上·天津河北·期末）At present, yoga, along with deep breathing exercises and Tai chi, ______ one of the most beneficial activities for health and wellness. A．was considered B．is considered C．were considered D．are considered 【答案】B 【详解】考查动词时态和语态。句意：目前，瑜伽与深呼吸练习和太极一起被认为是对健康最有益的活动之一。设空处使用动词作谓语，根据前文的at present可知，此处表示客观事实，同时句子的主语为yoga为单数，其与consider之间是被动关系，故使用一般现在时的被动语态。故选B。 23．（24-25高三上·天津和平·期末）Many a new apartment building ______ in the quake-stricken area currently, so we have confidence that the city will take on a new look sooner than previously expected. A．are rebuilt B．is being rebuilt C．was been rebuilding D．have been rebuilt 【答案】B 【详解】考查动词语态。句意：许多新的公寓楼正在地震灾区重建，所以我们有信心这座城市会比预期更快地焕然一新。根据空后的currently的可知，句子描述目前正在发生的事情，时态用现在进行时，且主语Many a new apartment buildings与动词rebuild“重建”为被动关系，用现在进行时的被动语态，“many a+单数名词”作主语时谓语用第三人称单数，be动词用is。故选B。 24．（2025·天津红桥·一模）Two-thirds of the desert in that district ________ covered with trees and grass. A．have been B．has been C．have D．has 【答案】B 【详解】考查被动语态和主谓一致。句意：那个地区三分之二的沙漠已被树木和草地所覆盖。本句的主语中心词desert“沙漠”为不可数名词，三分之二的沙漠仍然是沙漠，不会改变它不可数的属性，所以助动词用has；Two-thirds of the desert和cover为被动关系，需用被动语态。故选B。 25．（2024·天津河东·二模）Over the years most of his songs ________ and played in every possible way—from jazz to country. A．are being sing B．have been sung C．were singing D．had been sung 【答案】B 【详解】考查动词时态和语态。句意：多年来，他的大部分歌曲以各种可能的方式被演唱和演奏——从爵士乐到乡村音乐。分析句子可知，此处为谓语动词的填入，根据该句时间状语Over the years可知，此处为现在完成时，结合songs和动词sing为被动关系，所以为现在完成时的被动语态结构。故选B项。 26．（2024·天津滨海新区·三模）Many a measure ______ to develop local industries and promote tourism since the launch of the Green Rural Program. A．has been taken B．are taken C．have been taken D．is taken 【答案】A 【详解】考查语态和时态。句意：自从绿色农村计划启动以来，已经采取了许多措施来发展地方工业和促进旅游业。根据“since the launch of the Green Rural Program”可知，本句为现在完成时，Many a measure 与谓语take为被动关系，Many a +单数名词，谓语动词为单数。故选A。 27．（2024·天津北辰·三模）—Hey! Here is a message on my cellphone, telling me that I have won the prize of a weekend for two in Rome. —Delete it! It’s a trick. Many a person ______ by such tricks. A．was cheated B．were cheated C．has been cheated D．have been cheated 【答案】C 【详解】考查时态和语态。句意：——嘿!我的手机上有一条消息，告诉我我赢得了罗马双人周末游的奖励。——删除它!这是个骗局。许多人被这样的把戏骗过。根据“Delete it! It’s a trick”可知，本句应用现在完成时，表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响，且主语与谓语为被动关系。Many a+单数名词作句子主语，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式，即has been cheated。故选C项。 28．（2024·天津河北·一模）It’s amazing that the ocean contains 99% of the living space on the planet and yet less than 10% of that space ________ by humans up to now. A．has been explored B．is being explored C．have been explored D．are being explored 【答案】A 【详解】考查动词的时态和语态。句意：令人惊讶的是，海洋包含了地球上99%的生存空间，但到目前为止，人类探索的空间还不到10%。根据句中时间状语up to now可知，此处应用现在完成时态，主语10% of that space与动词explore是逻辑上的动宾关系，故用被动语态，且主语是单数，故谓语动词用单数。故选A。 29．（23-24高三上·天津河西·期末）The villagers hope that the world knows more about their traditional art that _________ for hundreds of years through the TV program. A．preserved B．has been preserved C．will be preserved D．was preserved 【答案】B 【详解】考查时态、语态和主谓一致。句意：村民们希望通过电视节目让世界更多地了解他们保存了数百年的传统艺术。设空处在that引导的定语从句中作谓语，关系代词that指代先行词their traditional art在从句中作主语，与动词preserve之间是被动关系，结合时间状语for hundreds of years可知，此从句讲述从过去持续到现在的事情，用现在完成时态，that指代先行词their traditional art作主语，谓语动词用单数形式。故选B项。 30．（2023·天津河西·三模）Jenny, along with two boys in our school, ______ to London to attend an international meeting the other day. A．are invited B．is invited C．were invited D．was invited 【答案】D 【详解】考查时态语态和主谓一致。句意：前几天，珍妮和我们学校的两个男孩应邀去伦敦参加一个国际会议。根据后文the other day可知为一般过去时，且主语与谓语构成被动关系，并且主语后接介词短语along with不影响主语的人称和数，谓语动词应根据Jenny的人称和数来确定。故用单数。故选D。 真题溯源·考向感知 ——溯源真题逻辑，感知高考考向 1．（2025·天津·高考真题）The reading materials________ before the training began, so that everyone had a copy. A．have printed B．had printed C．have been printed D．had been printed 【答案】D 【详解】考查时态语态。句意：这些阅读材料在培训开始前就已经印好了，因此每个人都能拿到一份。“打印阅读材料”发生在“培训开始”之前，“began”是过去式，过去的过去需用过去完成时（had + 过去分词），且主语与谓语构成被动关系，故用过去完成时的被动语态。故选D。 2．（2025·天津·高考真题）Deng Jiaxian was one of the 23 scientists who awarded for their extraordinary contributions to China’s “two bombs, one satellite” project. A．was B．were C．has D．have 【答案】B 【详解】考查主谓一致和动词语态。句意：邓稼先，是因对中国“两弹一星”工程做出卓越贡献而获奖的 23 位科学家之一。who引导定语从句，先行词是the 23 scientists（复数名词），关系词who代替先行词在从句中作主语，且与award为被动关系，事情发生在过去，时态用一般过去时，从句用一般过去时的被动语态，be动词用were。故选B。 3．（2023·天津·高考真题）The wooden tower that ___________ will be open to the public soon, and the work is almost finished. A．is restoring B．is restored C．is being restored D．restores 【答案】C 【详解】考查时态和语态。句意：正在修复的木塔很快将对公众开放，修复工作几乎已经完成了。“that _________”为定语从句，修饰先行词“The wooden tower”，且关系词that指代先行词在定语从句中作主语，与动词restore之间为被动关系，所以应用被动语态；根据后文“the work is almost finished”可知，修复工作几乎快要结束，说明还没结束，所以此处表示木塔“正在被修复”，应用现在进行时的被动语态。故填C。 4．（2022·天津·高考真题）Food and medical supplies________ to all the residents after the hurricane last Sunday. A．distribute B．distributed C．are distributed D．were distributed 【答案】D 【详解】考查动词的时态和语态。句意：上周日飓风过后，食品和药品供给被分发给了所有居民。分析句子成分可知，Food and medical supplies作主语，为复数，与动词distribute“分发”为动宾关系，故需要用被动语态be distributed；根据后文last Sunday“上周日”可知，句子需要用一般过去时态，故be动词要用were。故选D项。 5．（2021·天津·高考真题）Currently, about 35,000 works ________ in over 300 rooms in the Louvre, and it would take a lifetime to see everything. A．were displaying B．are displaying C．were being displayed D．are being displayed 【答案】D 【详解】考查时态和语态。目前，大约有35000件作品陈列在卢浮宫的300多个展室里，要看完所有的展品恐怕要花一辈子的时间。根据上文“Currently(目前)”可知，应该用现在进行时；display与主语works之间为被动关系，所以用现在进行时的被动。故选D。 6．（2021·天津·高考真题）Mark is a genius. By the time he graduated, he ________ jobs by a dozen computer companies. A．has offered B．has been offered C．had offered D．had been offered 【答案】D 【详解】考查过去完成时的被动语态。句意：马克是个天才。到他毕业的时候，已经有十几家电脑公司给他提供了工作机会。该句是复合句，含By the time引导的时间状语从句，主句动作先于从句动作，且主句主语he和谓语动词offer之间是被动关系，是过去完成时的被动语态。故选D。 7．（2019·天津·高考真题）Amy, as well as her brothers, ________ a warm welcome when returning to the village last week. A．is given B．are given C．was given D．were given 【答案】C 【详解】考查时态和语态。句意：艾米和她的兄弟们当上周回到村里时，受到了热烈的欢迎。根据last week可知，应用过去时，排除选项A和B；本句的主语是Amy，她受到热烈欢迎，所以用过去时的被动。故选C。 8．（2017·天津·高考真题）Nowadays, cycling, along with jogging and swimming, ___________ as one of the best all-round forms of exercise. A．regard B．is regarded C．are regarded D．regards 【答案】B 【详解】考查被动语态和主谓一致。句意：现在骑自行车，慢跑和游泳被认为是最全面的锻炼方式之一。根据动词短语regard…as…“把……看作……”和句意确定应该用被动语态，排除A和D。再根据主语部分是由介词短语along with 连接的三个动名词做主语，应该谓语动词应该就前一致，即用单数，排除C，故选B。 【点睛】本题考查方向涉及到动词的语态和主谓一致，首先要把握句意，判断主谓之间是主动还是被动关系，再者就是考查学生的考虑是否全面，即加之判断谓语动词的单复数，考查了学生对主谓一致中就前一致的把握。 9．（2015·天津·高考真题）Despite the previous rounds of talks, no agreement __________so far by the two sides. A．has been reached B．was reached C．will reach D．will have reached 【答案】A 【详解】考查时态。句意：尽管之前多轮谈判，但到目前为止双方没有达成任何协议。根据句中的时间状语so far“到目前为止”可知用现在完成时。主语agreement与reach为被动关系，根据句意可知选A。 【点睛】本题考查时态。现在完成时表示过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果,也可表示过去已经开始,一直延续到现在的动作或状态。分析此题只需要牢牢抓住时间状语so far“到目前为止”，从而判定出所应当运用的时态。 10．（2012·天津·高考真题）The letters for the boss___________ on his desk but he didn’t read them until 3 days later. A．were put B．was put C．put D．has put 【答案】A 【详解】考查被动语态。句意：给老板的那些信放在他的办公桌上，但是直到三天以后他才读了那些信。letter“信件”和put“放”之间是被动的关系，所以排除C和D，然后因为letters是复数，谓语动词用were put, 故选A。 1 / 19 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $