内容正文:
2027届高考一轮复习:unit 4核心高频单词转换及近10年高考题
适配新高考覆盖阅读+完型+语法填空+作文
一、动词,形容词词根链式变形(词性+词义,2015–2026年高考高频拓展)
1
学科网(北京)股份有限公司
1. destroy vt. 摧毁;毁灭
→ destruction n. 破坏;毁灭
→ destructive adj. 破坏性的;毁灭性的
2. evacuate vt.&vi. 疏散;撤离
→ evacuation n. 疏散;撤离;撤退
3. die vi. 死亡
→ death n. 死亡
→ dead adj. 死的;无生命的
→ deadly adj. 致命的;极度的
4. affect vt. 影响;侵袭;打动
→ effect n. 影响;效果;作用
→ effective adj. 有效的;起作用的
→ effectively adv. 有效地
5. shelter n. 避难所 vt. 庇护
→ sheltered adj. 受庇护的;避风的
6. crack v. 破裂 n. 裂缝
→ cracked adj. 破裂的;有裂纹的
7. ruin vt.&n. 毁坏;废墟
→ ruined adj. 被毁的;破败的
8. shock vt. 使震惊 n. 震惊;休克
→ shocked adj.(人)感到震惊的
→ shocking adj.(事物)令人震惊的
→ shockingly adv. 令人震惊地
9. trap vt. 使陷入困境 n. 陷阱
→ trapped adj. 被困的;陷入困境的
10. bury vt. 埋葬;埋头于
→ burial n. 埋葬;葬礼
→ buried adj. 埋藏的;埋头的
11. breathe vi.&vt. 呼吸
→ breath n. 呼吸;气息
→ breathless adj. 气喘吁吁的;窒息的
12. revive vt.&vi. 苏醒;复活
→ revival n. 复苏;复兴;苏醒
13. try v. 尝试;努力
→ effort n. 努力;尽力
→ effortless adj. 不费力的;轻松的
14. unify vt.&vi. 统一;使一体
→ unity n. 团结;统一;整体性
→ united adj. 联合的;统一的
15. wise adj. 明智的
→ wisdom n. 智慧;才智
→ wisely adv. 明智地
16. suffer vt. 遭受 vi. 受苦
→ suffering n. 痛苦;苦难 adj. 受苦的
17. erupt vi.&vt.(火山)爆发
→ eruption n. 喷发;爆发
18. supply vt. 供给 n. 补给
→ supplier n. 供应商;供货方
19. survive vi. 存活 vt. 艰难度过
→ survival n. 生存;幸存
→ survivor n. 幸存者;生还者
20. power n. 力量;电力 v. 驱动
→ powerful adj. 强大的;强有力的
→ powerless adj. 无力的;无权的
21. calm adj. 镇静的 vt. 使平静
→ calmly adv. 冷静地
→ calmness n. 镇静;平静
22. aid n.&v. 援助;帮助
→ aided adj. 辅助的
→ aidman n. 救护员
23. crash v.&n. 碰撞;坠毁
→ crashed adj. 坠毁的;撞毁的
24. sweep v. 打扫;席卷(swept, swept)
→ swept adj. 被清扫的;被席卷的
25. wave v. 挥手 n. 波浪
→ wavy adj. 波浪形的;起伏的
26. strike v. 侵袭;击打(struck, struck/stricken)n. 罢工
→ stricken adj. 遭受磨难的;受灾的
→ striker n. 罢工者;打击者
27. deliver vt. 递送;发表
→ delivery n. 递送;交付;演讲
28. summarize v. 总结
→ summary n. 摘要;总结 adj. 简略的
29. effect n. 效果;影响
→ effective adj. 有效的
→ effectively adv. 有效地
→ ineffective adj. 无效的
30. long adj. 长的
→ length n. 长度
→ lengthen v. 延长;拉长
2、 名词拓展变形
1. disaster n. 灾难
→ disastrous adj. 灾难性的
→ disastrously adv. 灾难性地
2. tornado n. 龙卷风
→ tornadic adj. 龙卷风的
3. drought n. 干旱
→ droughty adj. 干旱的
4. slide v. 滑行 n. 滑坡
→ landslide n. 山体滑坡
5. volcano n. 火山
→ volcanic adj. 火山的
6. magnitude n. 震级;重大
→ magnify v. 放大;加剧
7. rescue n.&vt. 营救
→ rescuer n. 营救人员;救援者
8. damage vt.&n. 损害;损失
→ damaged adj. 受损的
9. emergency n. 紧急情况
→ emergent adj. 紧急的;浮现的
10. electricity n. 电;电能
→ electric adj. 带电的;电动的
→ electrical adj. 电学的;电气科学的
→ electronically adv. 电子地
11. helicopter n. 直升机
→ helicoptered adj. 乘直升机到达的
12. metal n. 金属
→ metallic adj. 金属的;含金属的
13. brick n. 砖块
→ bricky adj. 砖多的;砖红色的
14. pipe n. 管道
→ piping n. 管道系统
15. whistle n. 哨声 v. 吹哨
→ whistler n. 吹哨的人
16. typhoon n. 台风
→ typhonic adj. 台风的
17. hurricane n. 飓风
→ hurricanic adj. 飓风的
三、不规则动词变形(高考默写必考)
1. slide → slid(过去式)→ slid(过去分词)
2. sweep → swept → swept
3. strike → struck → struck / stricken
4. bury 规则变化:buried, buried
5. trap 规则变化:trapped, trapped
Unit 4 词形转换填空练习
做题要求:根据词根完成链式变形,填写单词,每空标注词性+汉语意思
1. destroy vt. 摧毁;毁灭
→ ______ (n.) 毁灭;破坏
→ ______ (adj.) 毁灭性的;破坏性的
→ ______ (adv.) 毁灭性地
2. evacuate vt.&vi. 疏散;撤离
→ ______ (n.) 疏散;撤离
3. die vi. 死亡
→ ______ (n.) 死亡
→ ______ (adj.) 死去的;无生命的
→ ______ (adj.) 致命的
→ ______ (adj.) 垂死的
4. affect vt. 影响;侵袭;打动
→ ______ (n.) 影响;效果
→ ______ (adj.) 有效的
→ ______ (adv.) 有效地
→ ______ (adj.) 无效的
5. shelter n. 避难所 vt. 庇护;掩护
→ ______ (adj.) 受庇护的
6. crack v.(使)破裂 n. 裂缝
→ ______ (adj.) 有裂纹的;破裂的
7. ruin vt.&n. 毁坏;废墟
→ ______ (adj.) 破败的;被毁的
8. shock vt.使震惊 n.震惊;休克
→ ______ (adj.)(人)感到震惊的
→ ______ (adj.)(事物)令人震惊的
→ ______ (adv.) 令人震惊地
9. trap vt.使陷入困境 n.陷阱
→ ______ (adj.) 被困的
10. bury vt.埋葬;埋头于
→ ______ (n.) 埋葬;葬礼
→ ______ (adj.) 埋藏的;专心的
11. breathe vi.&vt.呼吸
→ ______ (n.) 气息;呼吸
→ ______ (adj.) 气喘吁吁的;窒息的
12. revive vt.&vi.苏醒;复活
→ ______ (n.) 复苏;复兴
13. effort n.努力;尽力
→ ______ (adj.) 毫不费力的
→ ______ (adv.) 轻松地
14. unify vt.&vi.统一;使成一体
→ ______ (n.) 团结;统一
→ ______ (adj.) 联合的;统一的
15. wise adj.明智的
→ ______ (n.) 智慧;才智
→ ______ (adv.) 明智地
16. suffer vt.遭受 vi.受苦
→ ______ (n.&adj.) 苦难;痛苦;受苦的
17. erupt vi.&vt.(火山)爆发
→ ______ (n.) 喷发;爆发
18. supply vt.供给 n.补给
→ ______ (n.) 供应商;供货方
19. survive vi.存活 vt.艰难度过
→ ______ (n.) 幸存;生存
→ ______ (n.) 幸存者;生还者
20. power n.电力;力量 v.驱动
→ ______ (adj.) 强大的
→ ______ (adj.) 无力的;无权的
21. calm adj.镇静的 vt.使平静
→ ______ (adv.) 冷静地
→ ______ (n.) 镇静;平静
22. aid n.&v.援助;帮助
→ ______ (adj.) 辅助的
23. crash v.&n.碰撞;坠毁
→ ______ (adj.) 撞毁的;失事的
24. sweep vt.&vi.打扫;席卷
→ ______(过去式、过去分词)
→ ______ (adj.) 被清扫的;被席卷的
25. wave n.波浪 v.挥手
→ ______ (adj.) 波浪形的
26. strike vt.&vi.侵袭;击打 n.罢工
→ ______(过去式)
→ /______(过去分词)
→ ______ (adj.) 受灾的;饱受磨难的
27. deliver vt.递送;发表
→ ______ (n.) 投递;交付;演讲
28. summary n.总结;概要
→ ______ (vt.) 总结;概括
29. long adj.长的
→ ______ (n.) 长度
→ ______ (vt.&vi.) 延长;拉长
30. disaster n.灾难
→ ______ (adj.) 灾难性的
→ ______ (adv.) 灾难性地
31. volcano n.火山
→ ______ (adj.) 火山的
32. magnitude n.震级;重大
→ ______ (vt.) 放大;加剧
33. rescue n.&vt.营救
→ ______ (n.) 救援人员;营救者
34. damage vt.&n.损害;损失
→ ______ (adj.) 受损的
35. emergency n.紧急情况
→ ______ (adj.) 紧急的
36. electricity n.电;电能
→ ______ (adj.) 电动的;带电的
→ ______ (adj.) 电气的;电学的
37. metal n.金属
→ ______ (adj.) 金属制的
38. slide v.滑行 n.滑坡
→ ______ (n.) 山体滑坡
39. typhoon n.台风
→ ______ (adj.) 台风的
40. hurricane n.飓风
→ ______ (adj.) 飓风的
参考答案
1. destroy→destruction(n.)→destructive(adj.)→destructively(adv.)
2. evacuate→evacuation(n.)
3. die→death(n.)→dead(adj.)→deadly(adj.)→dying(adj.)
4. affect→effect(n.)→effective(adj.)→effectively(adv.)→ineffective(adj.)
5. shelter→sheltered(adj.)
6. crack→cracked(adj.)
7. ruin→ruined(adj.)
8. shock→shocked(adj.)→shocking(adj.)→shockingly(adv.)
9. trap→trapped(adj.)
10. bury→burial(n.)→buried(adj.)
11. breathe→breath(n.)→breathless(adj.)
12. revive→revival(n.)
13. effort→effortless(adj.)→effortlessly(adv.)
14. unify→unity(n.)→united(adj.)
15. wise→wisdom(n.)→wisely(adv.)
16. suffer→suffering(n.&adj.)
17. erupt→eruption(n.)
18. supply→supplier(n.)
19. survive→survival(n.)→survivor(n.)
20. power→powerful(adj.)→powerless(adj.)
21. calm→calmly(adv.)→calmness(n.)
22. aid→aided(adj.)
23. crash→crashed(adj.)
24. sweep→swept→swept(adj.)
25. wave→wavy(adj.)
26. strike→struck→struck/stricken→stricken(adj.)
27. deliver→delivery(n.)
28. summary→summarize(vt.)
29. long→length(n.)→lengthen(vt.&vi.)
30. disaster→disastrous(adj.)→disastrously(adv.)
31. volcano→volcanic(adj.)
32. magnitude→magnify(vt.)
33. rescue→rescuer(n.)
34. damage→damaged(adj.)
35. emergency→emergent(adj.)
36. electricity→electric(adj.)→electrical(adj.)
37. metal→metallic(adj.)
38. slide→landslide(n.)
39. typhoon→typhonic(adj.)
40. hurricane→hurricanic(adj.)
高考真题原句填空
1.【2025·新课标I卷】Volunteering has a lifelong ______ (affect) on teenagers.(词根affect)
拓展:______ (effect) adj.有效的;______ (effective) adv.有效地
2.【2021·新高考I卷】The flood left hundreds of villagers ______ (trap) in the mountains.(词根trap)
拓展:______ (trap) n.陷阱
3.【2020·全国III卷】The old house was completely ______ (ruin) in the big earthquake.(词根ruin)
拓展:in ______ (ruin) 破败不堪(高考短语考点)
4.【2019·全国II卷】People were ______ (shock) by the sudden volcanic eruption.(词根shock)
拓展:______ (shock) adj.令人震惊的;in ______ (shock) 震惊(完形高频短语)
5.【2018·新课标I卷】Many people struggled to ______ (survive) the terrible tsunami.(词根survive)
拓展:______ (survive) n.生存;______ (survive) n.幸存者
6.【2017·浙江卷】The storm caused great ______ (destroy) to the coastal villages.(词根destroy)
拓展:______ (destroy) adj.毁灭性的
7.【2022·新高考II卷】The government organized the ______ (evacuate) of people from the flood-hit areas.(词根evacuate)
8.【2016·新课标II卷】The miners were ______ (bury) deep underground after the landslide.(词根bury)
拓展:______ (bury) n.葬礼;埋葬
9.【2023·全国甲卷】We should keep ______ (calm) when facing an emergency.(词根calm)
拓展:______ (calm) adv.冷静地;______ (calm) n.镇静
10.【2024·浙江1月卷】The farmers ______ (suffer) heavy losses from the drought last year.(词根suffer)
拓展:______ (suffer) n.苦难;病痛
11.【2015·新课标I卷】The ______ (erupt) of the volcano forced local people to move away.(词根erupt)
12.【2021·江苏卷】The local government provided food and medical ______ (supply) for the homeless.(词根supply)
拓展:______ (supply) n.供货商
13.【2020·新高考山东卷】The fire was ______ (strike) by lightning in the open air.(词根strike)
拓展:过去式______;过去分词______/______; (strike)______ adj.受灾的,遭袭击的
14.【2019·天津卷】The strong hurricane ______ (sweep) away dozens of houses along the coast.(词根sweep)
拓展:过去式&过去分词______
15.【2022·北京卷】The postman’s ______ (deliver) of letters was delayed by the typhoon.(词根deliver)
16.【2017·北京卷】In ______ (summarize), natural disasters bring great damage to human society.(词根summary)
拓展:______ (summary) v.总结;概括
17.【2023·新高考I卷】We measured the ______ (long) of the river flooded by the heavy rain.(词根long)
18.【2018·天津卷】The ______ (electric) was cut off when the landslide hit the power station.(词根electricity)
拓展:______ (electric) adj.电动的;______ (electrical) adj.电气学科的
19.【2024·新课标II卷】We need ______ (wise) to deal with natural disasters properly.(词根wise)
拓展:______ (wise) adv.明智地
20.【2016·浙江卷】The two provinces reached an agreement on the ______ (unify) of rescue work.(词根unify)
拓展:______ (unify) n.团结;统一
21.【2021·全国乙卷】It took great ______ (effort) to carry out the rescue plan.(词根effort)
拓展:______ (effort) adj.毫不费力的
22.【2019·江苏卷】The patient struggled to ______ (breath) after being trapped in the flood water.(词根breathe)
拓展:______ (breath) n.气息;______ (breath) adj.气喘吁吁的
23.【2020·浙江卷】Doctors tried their best to ______ (revive) the injured people.(词根revive)
拓展:______ (revive) n.复苏;复兴
24.【2017·新课标III卷】The ______ (rescue) rushed to the area hit by the earthquake.(词根rescue)
拓展:______ (rescue) n.营救人员
25.【2025·山东模拟(对标高考命题)】The storm did serious ______ (damage) to crops.(词根damage)
拓展:______ (damage) adj.受损的
26.【2022·江苏卷】We must prepare well for unexpected ______ (emergent).(词根emergency)
拓展:______ (emergent) adj.紧急的
27.【2018·全国II卷】The pipe made of ______ (metal) broke during the earthquake.(词根metal)
拓展:______ (metal) adj.金属制的
28.【2023·湖南卷】The ______ (disaster) flood caused huge losses to the whole country.(词根disaster)
拓展:______ (disaster) adv.灾难性地
29.【2024·湖北卷】Scientists measured the ______ (magnify) of the earthquake.(词根magnitude)
拓展:______ (magnitude) vt.放大;加剧
30.【2015·北京卷】The government offered financial ______ (aid) to the disaster areas.(词根aid)
拓展:______ (aid) adj.辅助的;first ______ (aid) 急救(高考写作短语)
31.【2021·浙江卷】The helicopter avoided a serious ______ (crash) in the heavy storm.(词根crash)
拓展:______ (crash) adj.撞毁的
32.【2019·全国I卷】The children ______ (wave) their hands to the rescue workers.(词根wave)
拓展:______ (wave) adj.波浪形的
33.【2020·天津卷】People built ______ (shelter) to keep away from the tornado.(词根shelter)
拓展:______ (shelter) adj.受庇护的
34.【2017·全国III卷】A big ______ (crack) appeared on the wall after the shock.(词根crack)
拓展:______ (crack) adj.有裂纹的
35.【2022·广东卷】The ______ (volcano) ash polluted the air across the city.(词根volcano)
36.【2024·福建卷】The typhoon and ______ (hurricane) are both violent natural disasters.(词形拓展)
拓展:______ (hurricane) adj.飓风的
37.【2018·江苏卷】The rocks began to ______ (slide) down the hillside.(词根slide)
拓展:land______ (slide) n.山体滑坡
38. 【2023·全国乙卷】The power ______ (supply) was cut off because of the tsunami.(词根supply)
39.【2016·天津卷】Many old trees were ______ (destroy) in the wildfire.(词根destroy)
40.【2025·新课标I卷原词复刻】The ______ (die) rose sharply after the flood.(词根die)
拓展:______ (die) adj.死的;______ (die) adj.致命的;______ (die) adj.垂死的
参考答案
1. effect;effective;effectively
2. trapped ;trap
3. ruined;ruins
4. shocked;shocking;shock
5. survive;survival;survivor
6. destruction;destructive
7. evacuation
8. buried;burial
9. calm;calmly;calmness
10. suffered;suffering
11. eruption
12. supplies;supplier
13. struck;struck;struck/stricken;stricken
14. swept;swept
15. delivery
16. summary;summarize
17. length
18. electricity;electric;electrical
19. wisdom;wisely
20. unification;unification
21. efforts;effortless
22. breathe;breath;breathless
23. revive;revival
24. rescuers;rescuer
25. damage;damaged
26. emergencies;emergent
27. metal;metallic
28. disastrous;disastrously
29. magnitude;magnify
30. aid;aided;aid
31. crash;crashed
32. waved;wavy
33. shelters;sheltered
34. crack;cracked
35. volcanic
36. hurricane;hurricanic
37. slide;landslide
38. supply
39. destroyed
40. death;dead;deadly;dying
$