专题01 Unit 1 The Changing World 课文讲解（暑假讲义）-2026年新九年级英语暑期预习系列（新教材人教版）

专题01 Unit 1 The Changing World 课文讲解（暑假讲义） Section A 一．单词学习 1.high-tech /haɪ ˈtek/ adj. 高科技的 2.greenhouse /ˈɡriːnhaʊs/ n. 温室 3.highway /ˈhaɪweɪ/ n. 公路 4.railway /ˈreɪlweɪ/ n. 铁路 5.attraction /əˈtrækʃən/ n. 向往的地方；吸引力 6.product /ˈprɒdʌkt/ n. 产品 7.greatly /ˈɡreɪtli/ adv. 大大地；非常 8.socialist /ˈsəʊʃəlɪst/ adj. 社会主义的 n. 社会主义者 9.e-payment /iː ˈpeɪmənt/ n. 电子支付 10.housing /ˈhaʊzɪŋ/ n. 住房；住宅 二．课文学习 Section A 3a Reporter: How has life changed in your hometown over the last 20 years? Mr Yan: Oh, it has changed quite a lot! Many young people used to work in big cities. Now, more of them have come back to live and work here. Reporter: Great! Have there been any other changes? Ms Wu: Yes, we’ve changed the way we farm. I used to grow a few vegetables on a small farm to sell at the local market. Now, I have large, high‑tech greenhouses. There, I grow tons of fruit and vegetables, and sell them in large cities. Reporter: Wow, the new highway and railway must have helped a lot! Mr Yan: Oh, they have! Our village has become a tourist attraction. We can now sell local products to tourists. We also sell products online to people all over China. Reporter: Have these changes greatly improved your lives? Ms Wu: Yes! We now have new houses. And our village has just built a new hospital and a library. Reporter: Wonderful! Together you are building a new socialist village. 记者：过去20年里，你们家乡的生活发生了怎样的变化？ 严先生：哦，变化很大！很多年轻人过去在大城市工作。现在，他们中有更多人回来生活和工作了。 记者：太好了！还有其他变化吗？ 吴女士：有的，我们改变了耕作方式。过去我在一个小农场种一点蔬菜，拿到当地市场去卖。现在，我有了大型的高科技温室，在那里种大量水果和蔬菜，然后卖到大城市。 记者：哇，新的公路和铁路一定帮了大忙！ 严先生：哦，确实！我们村成了一个旅游景点。现在我们可以向游客出售本地产品，还可以在网上卖给全中国的人。 记者：这些变化大大改善了你们的生活吗？ 吴女士：是的！我们现在有了新房子，村里还刚建了新的医院和图书馆。 记者：太好了！你们正在一起建设社会主义新农村。 三．课内知识解析 1. high.tech / ıhaɪ ıtek/adj. 高科技的 用法：合成形容词（=high technology），修饰产品、行业等，常与 product/company 搭配 搭配：high-tech products（高科技产品）、high-tech industry（高科技产业）、high-tech company（高科技公司） 例句：China has many world-famous high-tech companies.（中国有许多世界知名的高科技公司。） 同义：advanced, high-technology（先进的；高科技的） 2.greenhouse /ˈɡri:nhaus/n. 温室；暖房 用法：可数名词，指种植植物的玻璃暖房，复数加 s ，常与 effect/grow 搭配 搭配：greenhouse effect（温室效应）、greenhouse gas（温室气 体）、grow vegetables in greenhouses（在温室种蔬菜） 例句：The greenhouse effect is causing global warming.（温室效应 正导致全球变暖。） 同义：glasshouse（英式，温室） 词形变换：复数 greenhouses 3.Our village has become a tourist attraction. (教材P4 3a) attraction /əˈtrækʃ(ə)n/ n. 向往的地方；吸引力 tourist attraction 旅游景点；旅游胜地 The Summer Palace is a popular tourist attraction.颐和园是一个受欢迎的旅游景点。 I can’t see the attraction of sitting on a beach all day.我看不出整天坐在海滩上有什么乐趣。 词形拓展 attract v. 吸引 attraction n. 向往的地方；吸引力 attractive adj. 有吸引力的 Our school’s reading comer is really attractive. It attracts students during the break, and it has become a popular attraction. 我们学校的读书角特别有吸引力。它在课间吸引学生前去，已经成为一个受欢迎的地方。 4.We can now sell local products to tourists. (教材P4 3a) product /ˈprɒdʌkt/ n. 产品 produce v. 生产-- product n. 产品--production n. 产量；生产 The factory produces millions of cameras every year. The products are up to standard and popular. Till now, the production of this factory has reached a record high.这家工厂每年生产数百万部相机，产品合格并且很受欢迎。截至目前，该厂产量已经达到了历来的最高记录。 5.Have these changes greatly improved your lives? (教材P4 3a) greatly /ˈɡreɪtli/ adv. 大大地；非常 由“great (adj.大的，非常的) + -ly”构成。 My teacher’s words greatly encouraged me to study harder.老师的话极大地鼓舞我更加努力学习。 I was greatly surprised at the news.我对这个消息感到非常惊讶。 6. socialist /ˈsəʊʃəlɪst/adj./n. 社会主义的；社会主义者 用法：形容词指社会主义的，名词指社会主义者，常与 country/party 搭配 搭配：socialist country（社会主义国家）、socialist system（社会主义制度）、socialist party（社会主义政党） 例句：China is a great socialist country.（中国是一个伟大的社会 主义国家。） 同义：socialistic（社会主义的） 词形变换：socialism n.（社会主义）→ socialist adj./n. social adj 社会的； society n. 社会 7. e.payment /ıi: ıpeɪmənt/n. 电子支付 用法：不可数名词，前缀 e-=electronic ，指通过网络 / 手机完 成的支付，常与 use/make 搭配 搭配：use e-payment（使用电子支付）、make an e-payment（进 行电子支付）、e-payment system（电子支付系统） 例句：E-payment is very popular in our daily life.（电子支付在我们日常生活中非常普及。） 同义：electronic payment（电子支付） 词形变换：pay v.（支付）→ payment n. → e-payment n. e-mail 电子邮件 e-book 电子书 e-ticket 电子票 8.housing (教材P4 3d) housing /ˈhaʊzɪŋ/ n. 住房；住宅 作不可数名词，不表示具体的房子。 Many people care about the housing problem in big cities.很多人关心大城市的住房问题。 With the city’s development, people’s housing conditions have improved a lot.随着城市的发展，人们的住房条件已经改善了很多。 四．随堂训练 一．根据所给词根，按要求写出正确形式 1. develop (v.) 发展 → ________ (n.) 发展 2. volunteer (n.) 志愿者 → ________ (v.) 自愿 3. educate (v.) 教育 → ________ (n.) 教育 4. recent (adj.) 近来的 → ________ (adv.) 近来 5. proper (adj.) 合适的 → ________ (adv.) 适当地 6. village (n.) 乡村 → ________ (n.) 村民 7. child (n.) 孩子 → ________ (pl.) 孩子们 8. change (v.) 改变 → ________ (pl.) 变化（复数） 9. see (v.) 看见 → ________ (过去分词) 10. society (n.) 社会 → ________ (adj.) 社会的 二．根据汉语提示填空 根据句意及汉语提示，用单词或短语的适当形式填空 1. I ________ (亲眼看见) the great changes of my hometown these years. 2. Many young people work as ________ (志愿者) in rural areas. 3. The fast ________ (发展) of our country brings us a better life. 4. Children in villages can get good ________ (教育) now. 5. ________ (近来), people’s living conditions have improved a lot. 6. We should speak and act ________ (适当地) in public. 7. People ________ (过艰苦的生活) thirty years ago. 8. We can ________ (参加) more social activities to enrich ourselves. 三．词汇语境练—语篇 A. 单词选词填空（用所给词适当形式填空，每词限用一次） develop, recent, volunteer, village, child, see Great changes have taken place in China’s countryside. In 1.________ years, the 2.________ of rural areas is very fast. Many 3.________ go to small 4.________ to help poor 5.________. I have 6.________ all these changes with my own eyes. I feel proud of our country. B. 短语选词填空（用所给短语适当形式填空，每短语限用一次） take part in, live a hard life, in the past, have a chance to 1. ________, most Chinese people ________. They had no enough food or clothes. 2. Now students can ________ different kinds of after-school activities. 3. More people ________ travel around the country because of fast transportation. 四．语法填空 阅读短文，用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空 Our hometown 1.________ (change) greatly in the past thirty years. In the past, people 2.________ (live) a poor life. Few children could get good 3.________ (educate). 4.________ (recent), with the fast 5.________ (develop) of our country, everything is different. Now many 6.________ (volunteer) come to help us. Every kid 7.________ (have) a chance 8.________ (study) in new schools. We can behave 9.________ (proper) and take part in social activities. I 10.________ (true) love my lovely hometown. Section B 一．单词学习 1.link /lɪŋk/ n. 交通路线；联系 v. 连接 2.port /pɔːt/ n. 港口 3.capital /ˈkæpɪtl/ n. 首都 4.Kenyan /ˈkenjən/ n. 肯尼亚人 adj. 肯尼亚的；肯尼亚人的 5.benefit /ˈbenɪfɪt/ v. 得益于；使受益 n. 优势；益处 6.be happy with 对……感到满意 7.convenient /kənˈviːniənt/ adj. 方便的 8.business /ˈbɪznəs/ n. 生意；商业 9.ease /iːz/ n. 容易；自在 10.with ease 轻而易举地 11.lorry /ˈlɒri/ n. 卡车 12.manager /ˈmænɪdʒə(r)/ n. 经理 13.conclusion /kənˈkluːʒn/ n. 总结 二．课文学习 Section B 1b On the Fast Track In 2017, the new 480‑kilometre Mombasa‑Nairobi railway was opened. Before then, the only transport links between Mombasa, Kenya’s main port, and Nairobi, Kenya’s capital, were rough roads and an old railway line built in 1901. The old trains were very slow. It took 10 hours to get to Nairobi from Mombasa by train. However, the new railway, built with China’s help, has already cut the travel time between Mombasa and Nairobi to about four hours for passengers. Now, more than two million people use it every year. Local Kenyans have benefited a lot from the new railway. A government worker said, “I’m very happy with the new railway built by our Chinese friends. Many changes have taken place in the town over the last few years, and the people who live here have become rich.” A businessman said, “My experience of using the train since 2017 has been good. It is very convenient and doesn’t cost much money. I am able to get to places on time and make business deals with ease.” The railway has also made the transport of food easier. “Food used to take hundreds of lorries to carry between the two cities, but now it takes only two or three trains,” said a supermarket manager. As a result, people now have more fresh food to eat. Although China and Kenya are far away from each other, the railway shows how different countries can work together to build a better world. 2017年，全长480公里的蒙巴萨‑内罗毕新铁路通车。在此之前，肯尼亚主要港口蒙巴萨与首都内罗毕之间唯一的交通连接是崎岖的道路和1901年修建的老旧铁路。旧火车非常慢，从蒙巴萨乘火车到内罗毕需要10个小时。 然而，在中国帮助下修建的新铁路已经将蒙巴萨到内罗毕的旅行时间缩短到大约4小时。现在每年有超过两百万人使用这条铁路。 肯尼亚当地人大大受益于新铁路。一位政府工作人员说：“我对中国朋友修建的新铁路非常满意。过去几年镇上发生了很多变化，住在这里的人们变富裕了。”一位商人说：“我从2017年开始乘坐火车的体验很好，非常方便，花费也不多。我能准时到达各地，轻松做成生意。”铁路还使食品运输更加便利。“过去运送食品需要几百辆卡车，现在只需两三列火车，”一位超市经理说。结果，人们现在能吃到更多的新鲜食物。 虽然中国和肯尼亚相距遥远，但这条铁路展示了不同国家如何能够共同努力建设更美好的世界。 三．课内知识解析 1.Before then, the only transport links between Mombasa, Kenya’s main port, and Nairobi, Kenya’s capital, were rough roads and an old railway line completed in 1901. (教材P6 1b) （1）link /lɪŋk/ n. 交通路线；联系 v. 连接 ① n. 交通路线 The new subway link makes it easy to go to the airport.这条新地铁线使去机场很便捷。 ② n. 联系 There is a close link between hard work and success.努力和成功之间有紧密的联系 ③ v. 连接 link... (together) 把……连接/联系起来 link... with/to/and... 把……和……连接/联系起来 This railway links these four cities together.这条铁路把这四座城市连接了起来。 We link thunder with lightning because they usually happen together.我们把雷声和闪电联系起来，因为它们通常同时发生。 （2）capital /ˈkæpɪtl/ n. 首都 除“首都”外，还可表示“省会；首府”。 the capital of ……的首都/省会/首府 Beijing is not only the capital of China, but also the cultural centre of China.北京不仅是中国的首都，还是中国的文化中心。 词义拓展 n. 大写字母 adj. 大写的 Please write in capitals (=capital letters). 请用大写宇母书写。 2. Kenyan /ˈkenjən/adj./n. 肯尼亚的；肯尼亚人 用法：形容词指肯尼亚的，名词指肯尼亚人，常与 boy/people 搭配 搭配：Kenyan boy（肯尼亚男孩）、Kenyan people（肯尼亚人民）、 Kenyan culture（肯尼亚文化） 例句：He is a Kenyan student studying in China.（他是一名在中国留学的肯尼亚学生。） 同义：Kenian（较少用） 词形变换：Kenya n.（肯尼亚）→ Kenyan adj./n. 3.Local Kenyans have benefited a lot from the new railway. (教材P6 1b) benefit /ˈbenɪfɪt/ v. 得益于；使受益 n. 优势；益处 ① v. 得益于；使受益 The new plan may benefit many students.这项新计划将使很多学生受益。 In fact, I have benefited a lot from volunteering.事实上，我从志愿工作中获益很多。 ② n. 优势；益处 I’ve realized the benefit of sports.我已经意识到了运动的益处。 4.It is very convenient and doesn’t cost much money. (教材P6 1b) convenient /kənˈviːniənt/ adj. 方便的 比较级：more convenient 最高级：most convenient It is very convenient to pay by WeChat. 用微信付款非常方便。 AI can make life more convenient in many ways.人工智能可以在许多方面使生活更方便。 词形拓展 inconvenient adj. 不方便的 convenience n. 方便（不可数） 5. be happy with /—/v. phrase 对… … 感到满意 用法：固定短语，主语为人，表对某事 / 某人满意，常与 job/life 搭配 搭配：be happy with one's job（对工作满意）、be happy with the result（对结果满意）、be happy with life（对生活满意） 例句：She is happy with her new job.（她对自己的新工作很满意。） 同义：be satisfied with, be pleased with（对 … … 满意） be pleased with 对……满意 be angry with 对……感到生气 be strict with 对……严格 be patient with 对……有耐心 be familiar with 对……熟悉 6. convenient /kənˈvi:niənt/adj. 方便的；便利的 用法：形容词，常用句型 It is convenient for sb to do sth，主语不 能是人，常与 life/shopping 搭配 搭配：be convenient for（对 … … 方便）、convenient time（方便的时间）、convenient location（便利的位置） 例句：It’s convenient for us to shop online.（我们网购很方便。） 同义：handy, easy（方便的；容易的） 词形变换：convenience n.（方便）；conveniently adv.（方便地） it is convenient for sb to do sth 对某人来说，做某事很方便 7. ease /i:z/n. 容易； 自在；舒适 用法：名词，指做事容易或状态自在，常与 with/at 搭配 搭配：with ease（轻而易举地）、at ease（自在；安逸）、ease of use（易用性） 例句：He passed the exam with ease.（他轻松通过了考试。） 同义：simplicity, comfort（容易；舒适） 词形变换：easy adj.（容易的）→ ease n. 8. with ease adv. phrase 轻而易举地 用法：副词短语，修饰动词，放句末，表做事毫不费力，常与 finish/solve 搭配 搭配：finish with ease（轻松完成）、solve with ease（轻松解决）、 win with ease（轻松获胜） 例句：She finished the task with ease.（她轻松完成了任务。） 同义：easily, without difficulty（容易地；毫不费力地） 9.I am able to get to places on time and make business deals with ease. (教材P6 1b) business /ˈbɪznəs/ n. 生意；商业 [不可数名词] do business with 和……做生意 out of business 歇业；停业 It’s a pleasure to do business with you.和你做生意很愉快。 This shop has gone out of business for two months.这家店已经停业两个月了。 business的其他用法 （1）商务；公事 My parents have been away on business, so I cook by myself.我的父母出差了，所以我自己做饭。 （2）归…管的事；职责 This is not your business, kid.这不关你的事，小孩。 It’s my business. It’s everyone’s business.这是我的职责。这是每个人的职责。 （3）企业；公司 He has the skills to start a business.他有创办企业的技能。 10.... said a supermarket manager. (教材P6 1b) manager /ˈmænɪdʒə(r)/ n. 经理 由“manage (v. 负责，管理) 去 e + -er (名词后缀)”构成。 Mr White is the manager of the company. 怀特先生是这家公司的经理。 词形拓展 manage v. 管理 management n. 管理 manager n. 经理 My mother is a manager. She is familiar with management skills, so she manages the department well. 我妈妈是一名经理。她熟悉管理技巧，因此她把部门管理得很好。 11.Conclusion (教材P7 1e) conclusion /kənˈkluːʒn/ n. 总结 ① [可数名词] draw/come to/reach/make a conclusion 得出结论 From these facts, we can draw a conclusion that exercise is good for our health.从这些事实中，我们可以得出结论：锻炼对我们的健康有益。 It is too early to reach a conclusion now.现在得出结论还为时过早。 ② in conclusion 最后（用于文章或讲话的末尾，表示即将结束） In conclusion, I would like to say how much I have enjoyed myself today.最后，我想说我今天很开心。 四．随堂训练 一．根据词根提示，完成词性转换、时态、复数、反义词等变形 1.develop (v.) 发展 → __________ (n.) 发展；__________ (adj.) 发达的 2.convenient (adj.) 便利的 → __________ (n.) 便利，方便 3.poor (adj.) 贫穷的 → __________ (n.) 贫穷；__________ (反义词) 富有的 4.rapid (adj.) 快速的 → __________ (adv.) 迅速地 二．根据句意及汉语提示，用单词或短语的正确形式填空，注意时态、主谓一致、单复数变化 1.China has made great __________ (进步) in medical care in recent years. 2.The small village has __________ (发展) into a modern town already. 3.It is __________ (便利的) for us to go shopping online now. 4.Many __________ (医疗的) teams went to help people in need last year. 5.People’s living conditions have __________ (改善) a lot in the past few years. 6.We should __________ (远离) bad habits and keep healthy. 7.The school __________ (提供) free books for all students every term. 三．阅读短文，从方框中选择合适的单词或短语，并用其正确形式填空，每词/短语只用一次 rapid, poor, communicate, develop，make progress, take place, keep in touch with, with the help of Great changes have __________1__________ in my hometown over the past twenty years. In the past, it was a __________2__________ village. The roads were narrow and there was no convenient transport. People could hardly __________3__________ their relatives far away. But now, everything is different. __________4__________ the government, the village has got __________5__________ development. The economy grows __________6__________. People’s living conditions have improved greatly. More and more people __________7__________ in their life and study. Now we can easily __________8__________ friends online anytime. 四．语法填空 阅读短文，在空白处填入一个适当的词，或用括号内所给单词的正确形式填空 Our world is changing fast. China is one of the __________1__________ (develop) countries in the world. With the __________2__________ (rapid) development of technology, people’s life is much better than before. Twenty years ago, most people lived in small and old houses. There was not enough food __________3__________ (eat). Many families were even __________4__________ (poor). The transport was inconvenient, so people could not go out __________5__________ (easy). However, now great changes have happened. We have tall buildings, wide roads and convenient public __________6__________ (transport). Now people have enough money __________7__________ (satisfy) their daily needs. Medical conditions are much better, __________8__________ people can live longer. We can not only enjoy comfortable life now, __________9__________ also keep learning to improve ourselves. __________10__________ the help of our country, every person can make progress. We should cherish (珍惜) the good life and work harder __________11__________ (make) our hometown more beautiful. I believe our world will become __________12__________ (good) and our future will be __________13__________ (bright) than before __________14__________ we keep working hard. 综合训练 一．完形填空 Catalina stood at the back of the shop and looked at the green field. She felt a little down, because the summer was already over. Aunt Josefina looked at Catalina. “Oh, dear, don’t be so 1 ,” she said. “We’ve had such a beautiful summer. Besides, your family missed you 2 , and they can’t wait to see you.” Catalina 3 a small smile, but she could feel the tears. 4 the end of the last school year, Catalina’s parents were busy with business. They drove Catalina to the little town where her aunt lived. And she 5 the summer helping with her aunt in the shop. Aunt kept her own bees and she collected the honey to make candles and other 6 she sold in the shop. Catalina knew she had changed. She started the summer feeling like a child who couldn’t 7 life. But her confidence grew all summer. She could even run the shop by 8 a few times when her aunt went out. The little bell on the shop’s front door rang, announcing (宣布) a 9 coming in. To Catalina’s surprise, her parents stood there smiling. Catalina ran over and hugged each of them. She suddenly realized that as great as the summer had been, she was 10 to go home. 1．A．angry B．excited C．bored D．upset 2．A．badly B．clearly C．widely D．simply 3．A．remembered B．forced C．controlled D．refused 4．A．With B．On C．At D．For 5．A．took B．spent C．paid D．cost 6．A．styles B．tools C．instruments D．products 7．A．deal with B．take up C．think about D．thank for 8．A．himself B．herself C．myself D．themselves 9．A．teacher B．doctor C．customer D．postman 10．A．dared B．made C．advised D．prepared 二．阅读理解 As a child, I spent each Thanksgiving with my large family at my grandparents’ house in Maryland, the US. It’s a cabin (小木屋) on the side of a hill, deep in the forest, above a small and grassy field. For me, that cabin meant Thanksgiving. Our first greeting was the excited barking of Grandma’s dog, Jesse. He met us at our car and jumped up at us as we carried our bags into the house. Inside were my grandparents, aunts, uncles and cousins. Aunt Sue touched my face and told me how big I’d gotten. Grandpa gave me a strong handshake and shouted, “What do you say, Cal?!”, which is the old man’s English for “Hello, Calvin”. The next day, by the time I woke up, Grandma and Mom had already begun cooking. Throughout the day, we all helped out. The cabin was small, so we had to creatively move the furniture (家具) to make room for everyone to sit at the long table together. Dinner was finally served at about 4 p.m. Before we ate, Grandma asked each person to say at least one thing that he or she was thankful for. I said, “I’m thankful for my parents, my grandma and the turkey.” I was too hungry to think of anything better. Once everyone finished speaking, we dug in. It was all delicious food. Even better were the homemade apple and pumpkin pies (南瓜派). After dinner, we took a long walk through the woods around the cabin. Under the late-autumn stars, we made a campfire (篝火) in the field and told stories. I looked up at the hill in the moonlight, and one word appeared in my mind: Thanks. 11．What is the story mainly about? A．Why food is an important part of culture in the US. B．What Thanksgiving means to the American people. C．How the writer celebrated Thanksgiving when he was young. 12．Who was the first outside person to welcome the writer home? A．Jesse. B．Aunt Sue. C．Grandpa. 13．What did Grandpa mean by what he shouted? A．He didn’t know how to greet people. B．He meant to ask about the writer’s age. C．He was greeted in an old-fashioned way. 14．What does the underlined phrase “dug in” mean? A．began chatting B．started eating C．ended speaking 15．The writer did many things to celebrate Thanksgiving EXCEPT (除了) ________. A．he drove back to the small cabin B．he took a long walk through the woods C．he told the family the thing he was thankful for 三．语法填空 阅读下面短文，根据语境或所给单词的提示，在每个空格内填入一个恰当的词，要求所填的词意义准确、形式正确，使短文意思完整、行文连贯。 Poverty (贫困) is a big problem around the world. But China has done a good job of dealing with it. Over the past years, the last 98.99 million people have got out of poverty 16 (success). China has made a “complete victory (彻底胜利)” in the fight 17 poverty. For a country with a population of about 1.4 billion, how did China make it? China found its way to throw off poverty. Instead of giving money to poor people, it has 18 (try) to educate people and give them the tools to help them out of poverty. Since 2015, 19 (million) of officials from governments and public organizations have also been sent to work in poor areas. Even common people have played 20 important role in the fight. Zhang Guimei is one of them. She set up (建立) a free senior high school for girls in order to 21 (help) them go on with their education. She has put her heart into 22 (improve) China’s education. Mao Xianglin 23 (work) with the villagers to build the road so as to improve their lives even though the conditions were very difficult. Getting out of poverty is not the end, 24 the starting point of a new life. We are hopeful of a 25 (good) life than before. 四．任务型阅读 根据短文，回答下列问题。 Zhang Guimei, the principal of Huaping High School for Girls, has been given the title “Role Model of the Times” for helping girls from poor families. The school was the first high school in the country to provide free education for girls who would otherwise have been unable to continue their studies after completing their nine years of education. Zhang moved to Lijiang at the age of 17 to teach in the middle school in Huaping County. Once, she got badly ill but had no money for the treatment（治疗）. With the help of the people there, she was able to get the necessary treatment. “From then on, I told myself that I must do something for those people who helped me,” Zhang said. Slowly, a dream of setting up a free high school for girls in Huaping County appeared in Zhang’s heart. From the year of 2002, she began a six-year journey to look for funds (资金). In 2008, Zhang finally set up Huaping High School for Girls at the foot of the Shizi Mountain in Huaping. Thanks to her efforts, more than 1,800 girls from poor families have entered universities through her education until now. Zhang has been helping to improve the area as a whole. Influenced by her, many of her students have chosen to teach in poor areas. Now, with Zhang having got the honorary title, education for girls from poor areas will receive more attention. What she has done will be long remembered and encourage more to follow her example. 根据短文内容，回答下列问题。 26．Why was Zhang Guimei named “Role Model of the Times”? 27．When did Zhang move to Lijiang to teach in Huaping County? 28．How long did Zhang spend looking for funds? 29．Where have many of Zhang’s students chosen to work? 30．What can we learn from Zhang Guimei? 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题01 Unit 1 The Changing World 课文讲解（暑假讲义） Section A 一．单词学习 1.high-tech /haɪ ˈtek/ adj. 高科技的 2.greenhouse /ˈɡriːnhaʊs/ n. 温室 3.highway /ˈhaɪweɪ/ n. 公路 4.railway /ˈreɪlweɪ/ n. 铁路 5.attraction /əˈtrækʃən/ n. 向往的地方；吸引力 6.product /ˈprɒdʌkt/ n. 产品 7.greatly /ˈɡreɪtli/ adv. 大大地；非常 8.socialist /ˈsəʊʃəlɪst/ adj. 社会主义的 n. 社会主义者 9.e-payment /iː ˈpeɪmənt/ n. 电子支付 10.housing /ˈhaʊzɪŋ/ n. 住房；住宅 二．课文学习 Section A 3a Reporter: How has life changed in your hometown over the last 20 years? Mr Yan: Oh, it has changed quite a lot! Many young people used to work in big cities. Now, more of them have come back to live and work here. Reporter: Great! Have there been any other changes? Ms Wu: Yes, we’ve changed the way we farm. I used to grow a few vegetables on a small farm to sell at the local market. Now, I have large, high‑tech greenhouses. There, I grow tons of fruit and vegetables, and sell them in large cities. Reporter: Wow, the new highway and railway must have helped a lot! Mr Yan: Oh, they have! Our village has become a tourist attraction. We can now sell local products to tourists. We also sell products online to people all over China. Reporter: Have these changes greatly improved your lives? Ms Wu: Yes! We now have new houses. And our village has just built a new hospital and a library. Reporter: Wonderful! Together you are building a new socialist village. 记者：过去20年里，你们家乡的生活发生了怎样的变化？ 严先生：哦，变化很大！很多年轻人过去在大城市工作。现在，他们中有更多人回来生活和工作了。 记者：太好了！还有其他变化吗？ 吴女士：有的，我们改变了耕作方式。过去我在一个小农场种一点蔬菜，拿到当地市场去卖。现在，我有了大型的高科技温室，在那里种大量水果和蔬菜，然后卖到大城市。 记者：哇，新的公路和铁路一定帮了大忙！ 严先生：哦，确实！我们村成了一个旅游景点。现在我们可以向游客出售本地产品，还可以在网上卖给全中国的人。 记者：这些变化大大改善了你们的生活吗？ 吴女士：是的！我们现在有了新房子，村里还刚建了新的医院和图书馆。 记者：太好了！你们正在一起建设社会主义新农村。 三．课内知识解析 1. high.tech / ıhaɪ ıtek/adj. 高科技的 用法：合成形容词（=high technology），修饰产品、行业等，常与 product/company 搭配 搭配：high-tech products（高科技产品）、high-tech industry（高科技产业）、high-tech company（高科技公司） 例句：China has many world-famous high-tech companies.（中国有许多世界知名的高科技公司。） 同义：advanced, high-technology（先进的；高科技的） 2.greenhouse /ˈɡri:nhaus/n. 温室；暖房 用法：可数名词，指种植植物的玻璃暖房，复数加 s ，常与 effect/grow 搭配 搭配：greenhouse effect（温室效应）、greenhouse gas（温室气 体）、grow vegetables in greenhouses（在温室种蔬菜） 例句：The greenhouse effect is causing global warming.（温室效应 正导致全球变暖。） 同义：glasshouse（英式，温室） 词形变换：复数 greenhouses 3.Our village has become a tourist attraction. (教材P4 3a) attraction /əˈtrækʃ(ə)n/ n. 向往的地方；吸引力 tourist attraction 旅游景点；旅游胜地 The Summer Palace is a popular tourist attraction.颐和园是一个受欢迎的旅游景点。 I can’t see the attraction of sitting on a beach all day.我看不出整天坐在海滩上有什么乐趣。 词形拓展 attract v. 吸引 attraction n. 向往的地方；吸引力 attractive adj. 有吸引力的 Our school’s reading comer is really attractive. It attracts students during the break, and it has become a popular attraction. 我们学校的读书角特别有吸引力。它在课间吸引学生前去，已经成为一个受欢迎的地方。 4.We can now sell local products to tourists. (教材P4 3a) product /ˈprɒdʌkt/ n. 产品 produce v. 生产-- product n. 产品--production n. 产量；生产 The factory produces millions of cameras every year. The products are up to standard and popular. Till now, the production of this factory has reached a record high.这家工厂每年生产数百万部相机，产品合格并且很受欢迎。截至目前，该厂产量已经达到了历来的最高记录。 5.Have these changes greatly improved your lives? (教材P4 3a) greatly /ˈɡreɪtli/ adv. 大大地；非常 由“great (adj.大的，非常的) + -ly”构成。 My teacher’s words greatly encouraged me to study harder.老师的话极大地鼓舞我更加努力学习。 I was greatly surprised at the news.我对这个消息感到非常惊讶。 6. socialist /ˈsəʊʃəlɪst/adj./n. 社会主义的；社会主义者 用法：形容词指社会主义的，名词指社会主义者，常与 country/party 搭配 搭配：socialist country（社会主义国家）、socialist system（社会主义制度）、socialist party（社会主义政党） 例句：China is a great socialist country.（中国是一个伟大的社会 主义国家。） 同义：socialistic（社会主义的） 词形变换：socialism n.（社会主义）→ socialist adj./n. social adj 社会的； society n. 社会 7. e.payment /ıi: ıpeɪmənt/n. 电子支付 用法：不可数名词，前缀 e-=electronic ，指通过网络 / 手机完 成的支付，常与 use/make 搭配 搭配：use e-payment（使用电子支付）、make an e-payment（进 行电子支付）、e-payment system（电子支付系统） 例句：E-payment is very popular in our daily life.（电子支付在我们日常生活中非常普及。） 同义：electronic payment（电子支付） 词形变换：pay v.（支付）→ payment n. → e-payment n. e-mail 电子邮件 e-book 电子书 e-ticket 电子票 8.housing (教材P4 3d) housing /ˈhaʊzɪŋ/ n. 住房；住宅 作不可数名词，不表示具体的房子。 Many people care about the housing problem in big cities.很多人关心大城市的住房问题。 With the city’s development, people’s housing conditions have improved a lot.随着城市的发展，人们的住房条件已经改善了很多。 四．随堂训练 一．根据所给词根，按要求写出正确形式 1. develop (v.) 发展 → ________ (n.) 发展 2. volunteer (n.) 志愿者 → ________ (v.) 自愿 3. educate (v.) 教育 → ________ (n.) 教育 4. recent (adj.) 近来的 → ________ (adv.) 近来 5. proper (adj.) 合适的 → ________ (adv.) 适当地 6. village (n.) 乡村 → ________ (n.) 村民 7. child (n.) 孩子 → ________ (pl.) 孩子们 8. change (v.) 改变 → ________ (pl.) 变化（复数） 9. see (v.) 看见 → ________ (过去分词) 10. society (n.) 社会 → ________ (adj.) 社会的 【答案】1. development 2. volunteer 3. education 4. recently 5. properly 6. villager 7. children 8. changes 9. seen 10. social 二．根据汉语提示填空 根据句意及汉语提示，用单词或短语的适当形式填空 1. I ________ (亲眼看见) the great changes of my hometown these years. 2. Many young people work as ________ (志愿者) in rural areas. 3. The fast ________ (发展) of our country brings us a better life. 4. Children in villages can get good ________ (教育) now. 5. ________ (近来), people’s living conditions have improved a lot. 6. We should speak and act ________ (适当地) in public. 7. People ________ (过艰苦的生活) thirty years ago. 8. We can ________ (参加) more social activities to enrich ourselves. 【答案】1. have seen with my own eyes 2. volunteers 3. development 4. education5. Recently 6. properly 7. lived a hard life 8. take part in 三．词汇语境练—语篇 A. 单词选词填空（用所给词适当形式填空，每词限用一次） develop, recent, volunteer, village, child, see Great changes have taken place in China’s countryside. In 1.________ years, the 2.________ of rural areas is very fast. Many 3.________ go to small 4.________ to help poor 5.________. I have 6.________ all these changes with my own eyes. I feel proud of our country. 【答案】1. recent 2. development 3. volunteers 4. villages 5. children 6. seen B. 短语选词填空（用所给短语适当形式填空，每短语限用一次） take part in, live a hard life, in the past, have a chance to 1. ________, most Chinese people ________. They had no enough food or clothes. 2. Now students can ________ different kinds of after-school activities. 3. More people ________ travel around the country because of fast transportation. 【答案】1. In the past; lived a hard life 2. take part in 3. have a chance to 四．语法填空 阅读短文，用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空 Our hometown 1.________ (change) greatly in the past thirty years. In the past, people 2.________ (live) a poor life. Few children could get good 3.________ (educate). 4.________ (recent), with the fast 5.________ (develop) of our country, everything is different. Now many 6.________ (volunteer) come to help us. Every kid 7.________ (have) a chance 8.________ (study) in new schools. We can behave 9.________ (proper) and take part in social activities. I 10.________ (true) love my lovely hometown. 【答案】1. has changed 2. lived 3. education 4. Recently 5. development 6. volunteers 7. has 8. to study 9. properly 10. truly Section B 一．单词学习 1.link /lɪŋk/ n. 交通路线；联系 v. 连接 2.port /pɔːt/ n. 港口 3.capital /ˈkæpɪtl/ n. 首都 4.Kenyan /ˈkenjən/ n. 肯尼亚人 adj. 肯尼亚的；肯尼亚人的 5.benefit /ˈbenɪfɪt/ v. 得益于；使受益 n. 优势；益处 6.be happy with 对……感到满意 7.convenient /kənˈviːniənt/ adj. 方便的 8.business /ˈbɪznəs/ n. 生意；商业 9.ease /iːz/ n. 容易；自在 10.with ease 轻而易举地 11.lorry /ˈlɒri/ n. 卡车 12.manager /ˈmænɪdʒə(r)/ n. 经理 13.conclusion /kənˈkluːʒn/ n. 总结 二．课文学习 Section B 1b On the Fast Track In 2017, the new 480‑kilometre Mombasa‑Nairobi railway was opened. Before then, the only transport links between Mombasa, Kenya’s main port, and Nairobi, Kenya’s capital, were rough roads and an old railway line built in 1901. The old trains were very slow. It took 10 hours to get to Nairobi from Mombasa by train. However, the new railway, built with China’s help, has already cut the travel time between Mombasa and Nairobi to about four hours for passengers. Now, more than two million people use it every year. Local Kenyans have benefited a lot from the new railway. A government worker said, “I’m very happy with the new railway built by our Chinese friends. Many changes have taken place in the town over the last few years, and the people who live here have become rich.” A businessman said, “My experience of using the train since 2017 has been good. It is very convenient and doesn’t cost much money. I am able to get to places on time and make business deals with ease.” The railway has also made the transport of food easier. “Food used to take hundreds of lorries to carry between the two cities, but now it takes only two or three trains,” said a supermarket manager. As a result, people now have more fresh food to eat. Although China and Kenya are far away from each other, the railway shows how different countries can work together to build a better world. 2017年，全长480公里的蒙巴萨‑内罗毕新铁路通车。在此之前，肯尼亚主要港口蒙巴萨与首都内罗毕之间唯一的交通连接是崎岖的道路和1901年修建的老旧铁路。旧火车非常慢，从蒙巴萨乘火车到内罗毕需要10个小时。 然而，在中国帮助下修建的新铁路已经将蒙巴萨到内罗毕的旅行时间缩短到大约4小时。现在每年有超过两百万人使用这条铁路。 肯尼亚当地人大大受益于新铁路。一位政府工作人员说：“我对中国朋友修建的新铁路非常满意。过去几年镇上发生了很多变化，住在这里的人们变富裕了。”一位商人说：“我从2017年开始乘坐火车的体验很好，非常方便，花费也不多。我能准时到达各地，轻松做成生意。”铁路还使食品运输更加便利。“过去运送食品需要几百辆卡车，现在只需两三列火车，”一位超市经理说。结果，人们现在能吃到更多的新鲜食物。 虽然中国和肯尼亚相距遥远，但这条铁路展示了不同国家如何能够共同努力建设更美好的世界。 三．课内知识解析 1.Before then, the only transport links between Mombasa, Kenya’s main port, and Nairobi, Kenya’s capital, were rough roads and an old railway line completed in 1901. (教材P6 1b) （1）link /lɪŋk/ n. 交通路线；联系 v. 连接 ① n. 交通路线 The new subway link makes it easy to go to the airport.这条新地铁线使去机场很便捷。 ② n. 联系 There is a close link between hard work and success.努力和成功之间有紧密的联系 ③ v. 连接 link... (together) 把……连接/联系起来 link... with/to/and... 把……和……连接/联系起来 This railway links these four cities together.这条铁路把这四座城市连接了起来。 We link thunder with lightning because they usually happen together.我们把雷声和闪电联系起来，因为它们通常同时发生。 （2）capital /ˈkæpɪtl/ n. 首都 除“首都”外，还可表示“省会；首府”。 the capital of ……的首都/省会/首府 Beijing is not only the capital of China, but also the cultural centre of China.北京不仅是中国的首都，还是中国的文化中心。 词义拓展 n. 大写字母 adj. 大写的 Please write in capitals (=capital letters). 请用大写宇母书写。 2. Kenyan /ˈkenjən/adj./n. 肯尼亚的；肯尼亚人 用法：形容词指肯尼亚的，名词指肯尼亚人，常与 boy/people 搭配 搭配：Kenyan boy（肯尼亚男孩）、Kenyan people（肯尼亚人民）、 Kenyan culture（肯尼亚文化） 例句：He is a Kenyan student studying in China.（他是一名在中国留学的肯尼亚学生。） 同义：Kenian（较少用） 词形变换：Kenya n.（肯尼亚）→ Kenyan adj./n. 3.Local Kenyans have benefited a lot from the new railway. (教材P6 1b) benefit /ˈbenɪfɪt/ v. 得益于；使受益 n. 优势；益处 ① v. 得益于；使受益 The new plan may benefit many students.这项新计划将使很多学生受益。 In fact, I have benefited a lot from volunteering.事实上，我从志愿工作中获益很多。 ② n. 优势；益处 I’ve realized the benefit of sports.我已经意识到了运动的益处。 4.It is very convenient and doesn’t cost much money. (教材P6 1b) convenient /kənˈviːniənt/ adj. 方便的 比较级：more convenient 最高级：most convenient It is very convenient to pay by WeChat. 用微信付款非常方便。 AI can make life more convenient in many ways.人工智能可以在许多方面使生活更方便。 词形拓展 inconvenient adj. 不方便的 convenience n. 方便（不可数） 5. be happy with /—/v. phrase 对… … 感到满意 用法：固定短语，主语为人，表对某事 / 某人满意，常与 job/life 搭配 搭配：be happy with one's job（对工作满意）、be happy with the result（对结果满意）、be happy with life（对生活满意） 例句：She is happy with her new job.（她对自己的新工作很满意。） 同义：be satisfied with, be pleased with（对 … … 满意） be pleased with 对……满意 be angry with 对……感到生气 be strict with 对……严格 be patient with 对……有耐心 be familiar with 对……熟悉 6. convenient /kənˈvi:niənt/adj. 方便的；便利的 用法：形容词，常用句型 It is convenient for sb to do sth，主语不 能是人，常与 life/shopping 搭配 搭配：be convenient for（对 … … 方便）、convenient time（方便的时间）、convenient location（便利的位置） 例句：It’s convenient for us to shop online.（我们网购很方便。） 同义：handy, easy（方便的；容易的） 词形变换：convenience n.（方便）；conveniently adv.（方便地） it is convenient for sb to do sth 对某人来说，做某事很方便 7. ease /i:z/n. 容易； 自在；舒适 用法：名词，指做事容易或状态自在，常与 with/at 搭配 搭配：with ease（轻而易举地）、at ease（自在；安逸）、ease of use（易用性） 例句：He passed the exam with ease.（他轻松通过了考试。） 同义：simplicity, comfort（容易；舒适） 词形变换：easy adj.（容易的）→ ease n. 8. with ease adv. phrase 轻而易举地 用法：副词短语，修饰动词，放句末，表做事毫不费力，常与 finish/solve 搭配 搭配：finish with ease（轻松完成）、solve with ease（轻松解决）、 win with ease（轻松获胜） 例句：She finished the task with ease.（她轻松完成了任务。） 同义：easily, without difficulty（容易地；毫不费力地） 9.I am able to get to places on time and make business deals with ease. (教材P6 1b) business /ˈbɪznəs/ n. 生意；商业 [不可数名词] do business with 和……做生意 out of business 歇业；停业 It’s a pleasure to do business with you.和你做生意很愉快。 This shop has gone out of business for two months.这家店已经停业两个月了。 business的其他用法 （1）商务；公事 My parents have been away on business, so I cook by myself.我的父母出差了，所以我自己做饭。 （2）归…管的事；职责 This is not your business, kid.这不关你的事，小孩。 It’s my business. It’s everyone’s business.这是我的职责。这是每个人的职责。 （3）企业；公司 He has the skills to start a business.他有创办企业的技能。 10.... said a supermarket manager. (教材P6 1b) manager /ˈmænɪdʒə(r)/ n. 经理 由“manage (v. 负责，管理) 去 e + -er (名词后缀)”构成。 Mr White is the manager of the company. 怀特先生是这家公司的经理。 词形拓展 manage v. 管理 management n. 管理 manager n. 经理 My mother is a manager. She is familiar with management skills, so she manages the department well. 我妈妈是一名经理。她熟悉管理技巧，因此她把部门管理得很好。 11.Conclusion (教材P7 1e) conclusion /kənˈkluːʒn/ n. 总结 ① [可数名词] draw/come to/reach/make a conclusion 得出结论 From these facts, we can draw a conclusion that exercise is good for our health.从这些事实中，我们可以得出结论：锻炼对我们的健康有益。 It is too early to reach a conclusion now.现在得出结论还为时过早。 ② in conclusion 最后（用于文章或讲话的末尾，表示即将结束） In conclusion, I would like to say how much I have enjoyed myself today.最后，我想说我今天很开心。 四．随堂训练 一．根据词根提示，完成词性转换、时态、复数、反义词等变形 1.develop (v.) 发展 → __________ (n.) 发展；__________ (adj.) 发达的 2.convenient (adj.) 便利的 → __________ (n.) 便利，方便 3.poor (adj.) 贫穷的 → __________ (n.) 贫穷；__________ (反义词) 富有的 4.rapid (adj.) 快速的 → __________ (adv.) 迅速地 【答案】1. development; developed 2. convenience 3. poverty; rich 4. rapidly 二．根据句意及汉语提示，用单词或短语的正确形式填空，注意时态、主谓一致、单复数变化 1.China has made great __________ (进步) in medical care in recent years. 2.The small village has __________ (发展) into a modern town already. 3.It is __________ (便利的) for us to go shopping online now. 4.Many __________ (医疗的) teams went to help people in need last year. 5.People’s living conditions have __________ (改善) a lot in the past few years. 6.We should __________ (远离) bad habits and keep healthy. 7.The school __________ (提供) free books for all students every term. 【答案】1. progress 2. developed 3. convenient 4. medical 5. improved 6. stay away from / keep away from 7. provides 三．阅读短文，从方框中选择合适的单词或短语，并用其正确形式填空，每词/短语只用一次 rapid, poor, communicate, develop，make progress, take place, keep in touch with, with the help of Great changes have __________1__________ in my hometown over the past twenty years. In the past, it was a __________2__________ village. The roads were narrow and there was no convenient transport. People could hardly __________3__________ their relatives far away. But now, everything is different. __________4__________ the government, the village has got __________5__________ development. The economy grows __________6__________. People’s living conditions have improved greatly. More and more people __________7__________ in their life and study. Now we can easily __________8__________ friends online anytime. 【答案】1. taken place 2. poor 3. keep in touch with 4. With the help of 5. rapid 6. rapidly 7. make progress 8. communicate with 四．语法填空 阅读短文，在空白处填入一个适当的词，或用括号内所给单词的正确形式填空 Our world is changing fast. China is one of the __________1__________ (develop) countries in the world. With the __________2__________ (rapid) development of technology, people’s life is much better than before. Twenty years ago, most people lived in small and old houses. There was not enough food __________3__________ (eat). Many families were even __________4__________ (poor). The transport was inconvenient, so people could not go out __________5__________ (easy). However, now great changes have happened. We have tall buildings, wide roads and convenient public __________6__________ (transport). Now people have enough money __________7__________ (satisfy) their daily needs. Medical conditions are much better, __________8__________ people can live longer. We can not only enjoy comfortable life now, __________9__________ also keep learning to improve ourselves. __________10__________ the help of our country, every person can make progress. We should cherish (珍惜) the good life and work harder __________11__________ (make) our hometown more beautiful. I believe our world will become __________12__________ (good) and our future will be __________13__________ (bright) than before __________14__________ we keep working hard. 【答案】1. developing 2. rapid 3. to eat 4. poorer 5. easily 6. transportation 7. to satisfy 8. so 9. but 10. With 11. to make 12. better 13. brighter 14. if 综合训练 一．完形填空 Catalina stood at the back of the shop and looked at the green field. She felt a little down, because the summer was already over. Aunt Josefina looked at Catalina. “Oh, dear, don’t be so 1 ,” she said. “We’ve had such a beautiful summer. Besides, your family missed you 2 , and they can’t wait to see you.” Catalina 3 a small smile, but she could feel the tears. 4 the end of the last school year, Catalina’s parents were busy with business. They drove Catalina to the little town where her aunt lived. And she 5 the summer helping with her aunt in the shop. Aunt kept her own bees and she collected the honey to make candles and other 6 she sold in the shop. Catalina knew she had changed. She started the summer feeling like a child who couldn’t 7 life. But her confidence grew all summer. She could even run the shop by 8 a few times when her aunt went out. The little bell on the shop’s front door rang, announcing (宣布) a 9 coming in. To Catalina’s surprise, her parents stood there smiling. Catalina ran over and hugged each of them. She suddenly realized that as great as the summer had been, she was 10 to go home. 1．A．angry B．excited C．bored D．upset 2．A．badly B．clearly C．widely D．simply 3．A．remembered B．forced C．controlled D．refused 4．A．With B．On C．At D．For 5．A．took B．spent C．paid D．cost 6．A．styles B．tools C．instruments D．products 7．A．deal with B．take up C．think about D．thank for 8．A．himself B．herself C．myself D．themselves 9．A．teacher B．doctor C．customer D．postman 10．A．dared B．made C．advised D．prepared 【答案】1．D 2．A 3．B 4．C 5．B 6．D 7．A 8．B 9．C 10．D 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲了Catalina在暑假被送到乡下的姑姑家，从最初的对生活的无措到充满自信的故事。 【详解】1．句意：“哦，亲爱的，别那么难过，”她说。 angry生气的；excited兴奋的；bored无聊的；upset难过的。根据第一段“She felt a little down, because the summer was already over.”可知，她是难过的。故选D。 2．句意：此外，你的家人非常想念你，他们迫不及待地想见你。 badly非常；clearly清晰地；widely广泛地；simply仅仅，只。根据“your family missed you”可知，家人非常想念她。故选A。 3．句意：卡塔琳娜勉强笑了笑，但她能感觉到眼泪。 remembered记住；forced强迫，用力；controlled控制；refused拒绝。根据“a small smile, but she could feel the tears”可知，她勉强挤出了一个微笑。故选B。 4．句意：上学年末，Catalina的父母忙于生意。 With和；On在……上；At在(某时间或时刻)；For为，给。根据“the end of the last school year”可知，此空是固定搭配：at the end of…在……的结尾。故选C。 5．句意：她整个夏天都在商店里帮助她的姑姑。 took花费，主语多是it；spent花费，主语是人；paid付钱；cost成本，代价。根据“she…the summer”可知，她花费时间，主语是人，花的是时间。故选B。 6．句意：姑姑自己养蜂，收集蜂蜜制作蜡烛和其他在商店里卖的产品。 styles风格；tools工具；instruments仪器；products产品。根据“she collected the honey to make candles and other”可知，她收集蜂蜜除了做蜡烛外还做了别的产品。故选D。 7．句意：这个夏天一开始，她就觉得自己像个无法应付生活的孩子。 deal with处理，应付；take up占据，开始做；think about思考；thank for感谢。根据“who couldn’t…life”可知，此空表示“应付生活”。故选A。 8．句意：她甚至可以在姑姑外出时自己经营几次商店。 himself他自己；herself她自己；myself我自己；themselves他（她）们自己。根据“She could”可知，反身代词应与“she”对应。故选B。 9．句意：商店前门的小铃响了，宣告一位顾客进来了。 teacher老师；doctor医生；customer顾客；postman邮递员。根据“shop’s front door rang”可知，商店进来的是顾客。故选C。 10．句意：她突然意识到，尽管夏天过得很好，但她还是准备回家了。 dared敢于；made制作；advised建议；prepared准备。根据前文“To Catalina’s surprise, her parents stood there smiling.”可知，她父母来接她，她准备回家了。故选D。 二．阅读理解 As a child, I spent each Thanksgiving with my large family at my grandparents’ house in Maryland, the US. It’s a cabin (小木屋) on the side of a hill, deep in the forest, above a small and grassy field. For me, that cabin meant Thanksgiving. Our first greeting was the excited barking of Grandma’s dog, Jesse. He met us at our car and jumped up at us as we carried our bags into the house. Inside were my grandparents, aunts, uncles and cousins. Aunt Sue touched my face and told me how big I’d gotten. Grandpa gave me a strong handshake and shouted, “What do you say, Cal?!”, which is the old man’s English for “Hello, Calvin”. The next day, by the time I woke up, Grandma and Mom had already begun cooking. Throughout the day, we all helped out. The cabin was small, so we had to creatively move the furniture (家具) to make room for everyone to sit at the long table together. Dinner was finally served at about 4 p.m. Before we ate, Grandma asked each person to say at least one thing that he or she was thankful for. I said, “I’m thankful for my parents, my grandma and the turkey.” I was too hungry to think of anything better. Once everyone finished speaking, we dug in. It was all delicious food. Even better were the homemade apple and pumpkin pies (南瓜派). After dinner, we took a long walk through the woods around the cabin. Under the late-autumn stars, we made a campfire (篝火) in the field and told stories. I looked up at the hill in the moonlight, and one word appeared in my mind: Thanks. 11．What is the story mainly about? A．Why food is an important part of culture in the US. B．What Thanksgiving means to the American people. C．How the writer celebrated Thanksgiving when he was young. 12．Who was the first outside person to welcome the writer home? A．Jesse. B．Aunt Sue. C．Grandpa. 13．What did Grandpa mean by what he shouted? A．He didn’t know how to greet people. B．He meant to ask about the writer’s age. C．He was greeted in an old-fashioned way. 14．What does the underlined phrase “dug in” mean? A．began chatting B．started eating C．ended speaking 15．The writer did many things to celebrate Thanksgiving EXCEPT (除了) ________. A．he drove back to the small cabin B．he took a long walk through the woods C．he told the family the thing he was thankful for 【答案】11．C 12．A 13．C 14．B 15．A 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，作者回忆童年时在祖父母的林间小木屋过感恩节的温馨经历，包括家人迎接、共同准备晚餐、感恩分享及餐后活动，展现了节日的温馨氛围。 11．主旨大意题。根据“As a child, I spent each Thanksgiving with my large family at my grandparents’ house in Maryland, the US.”及全文围绕童年感恩节经历展开可知，本文主要讲作者小时候如何庆祝感恩节，故选C。 12．细节理解题。根据“Our first greeting was the excited barking of Grandma’s dog, Jesse. He met us at our car…”可知，第一个在外面迎接作者的是狗Jesse，故选A。 13．细节理解题。根据“Grandpa gave me a strong handshake and shouted, ‘What do you say, Cal?!’, which is the old man’s English for ‘Hello, Calvin’.”可知，爷爷用老式方式打招呼，故选C。 14．词句猜测题。根据“Before we ate…Once everyone finished speaking, we dug in. It was all delicious food.”可知，“dug in”意为开始吃饭，故选B。 15．细节理解题。根据“He met us at our car and jumped up at us as we carried our bags into the house.”可知，作者是乘车去的，未提及“开车返回小木屋”，故选A。 三．语法填空 阅读下面短文，根据语境或所给单词的提示，在每个空格内填入一个恰当的词，要求所填的词意义准确、形式正确，使短文意思完整、行文连贯。 Poverty (贫困) is a big problem around the world. But China has done a good job of dealing with it. Over the past years, the last 98.99 million people have got out of poverty 16 (success). China has made a “complete victory (彻底胜利)” in the fight 17 poverty. For a country with a population of about 1.4 billion, how did China make it? China found its way to throw off poverty. Instead of giving money to poor people, it has 18 (try) to educate people and give them the tools to help them out of poverty. Since 2015, 19 (million) of officials from governments and public organizations have also been sent to work in poor areas. Even common people have played 20 important role in the fight. Zhang Guimei is one of them. She set up (建立) a free senior high school for girls in order to 21 (help) them go on with their education. She has put her heart into 22 (improve) China’s education. Mao Xianglin 23 (work) with the villagers to build the road so as to improve their lives even though the conditions were very difficult. Getting out of poverty is not the end, 24 the starting point of a new life. We are hopeful of a 25 (good) life than before. 【答案】16．successfully 17．against 18．tried 19．millions 20．an 21．help 22．improving 23．worked 24．but 25．better 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述了中国在消除贫困方面取得的成就及其采取的主要措施，包括教育扶贫、干部下乡帮扶以及普通人如张桂梅、毛相林等人的贡献。 16．句意：在过去的几年里，最后9899万人成功摆脱了贫困。根据“got out of poverty”可知，此处需用副词来修饰动词短语，success是名词，其副词是successfully。故填successfully。 17．句意：中国在脱贫攻坚战中取得了“彻底胜利”。fight against...是固定搭配，意为“与……作斗争”。故填against。 18．句意：它不是给穷人钱，而是试图教育人们，并给他们提供摆脱贫困的工具。根据“it has”可知，此处为现在完成时结构“has + 过去分词”，try的过去分词是tried。故填tried。 19．句意：自2015年以来，数百万来自政府和公共组织的官员也被派往贫困地区工作。millions of“数百万的”。故填millions。 20．句意：甚至普通人也在这场斗争中发挥了重要作用。play an important role in...是固定短语，意为“在……中扮演重要角色/起重要作用”。由于important以元音音素开头，故用不定冠词an。故填an。 21．句意：她建立了一所免费的女子高中，目的是帮助她们继续学业。in order to do sth.“为了做某事”，为固定搭配，help“帮助”，为动词原词。故填help。 22．句意：她一心扑在改善中国的教育上。into为介词，后面需要接名词或动名词作宾语。improve为动词原形，其动名词形式为improving。故填improving。 23．句意：尽管条件非常艰苦，毛相林还是和村民们一起修路以改善他们的生活。根据“Mao Xianglin...with the villagers to build the road so as to improve their lives even though the conditions were very difficult.”可知，本句描述的是过去发生的具体事实，谓语需用一般过去时，work的过去式是worked。故填worked。 24．句意：摆脱贫困不是终点，而是新生活的起点。not...but...“不是……而是……”。故填but。 25．句意：我们期盼着比过去更好的生活。根据“than”可知，此处需用形容词的比较级，good形容词原级，意为“好的”，其比较级是better。故填better。 四．任务型阅读 根据短文，回答下列问题。 Zhang Guimei, the principal of Huaping High School for Girls, has been given the title “Role Model of the Times” for helping girls from poor families. The school was the first high school in the country to provide free education for girls who would otherwise have been unable to continue their studies after completing their nine years of education. Zhang moved to Lijiang at the age of 17 to teach in the middle school in Huaping County. Once, she got badly ill but had no money for the treatment（治疗）. With the help of the people there, she was able to get the necessary treatment. “From then on, I told myself that I must do something for those people who helped me,” Zhang said. Slowly, a dream of setting up a free high school for girls in Huaping County appeared in Zhang’s heart. From the year of 2002, she began a six-year journey to look for funds (资金). In 2008, Zhang finally set up Huaping High School for Girls at the foot of the Shizi Mountain in Huaping. Thanks to her efforts, more than 1,800 girls from poor families have entered universities through her education until now. Zhang has been helping to improve the area as a whole. Influenced by her, many of her students have chosen to teach in poor areas. Now, with Zhang having got the honorary title, education for girls from poor areas will receive more attention. What she has done will be long remembered and encourage more to follow her example. 根据短文内容，回答下列问题。 26．Why was Zhang Guimei named “Role Model of the Times”? 27．When did Zhang move to Lijiang to teach in Huaping County? 28．How long did Zhang spend looking for funds? 29．Where have many of Zhang’s students chosen to work? 30．What can we learn from Zhang Guimei? 【答案】26．For helping girls from poor families. 27．At the age of 17. 28．For six years. 29．In poor areas. 30．本题属于开放性试题，言之有理皆可。参考答案：From her, we learn the spirit of selfless dedication. 【导语】本文讲述了“时代楷模”张桂梅为贫困地区创办女子学校，为贫困家庭的女孩提供免费教育的光荣事迹。 26．根据“Zhang Guimei, the principal of Huaping High School for Girls, has been given the title ‘Role Model of the Times’ for helping girls from poor families.”可知，华坪女中校长张桂梅因帮助贫困家庭的女孩而被授予“时代模范”的称号。故填For helping girls from poor families. 27．根据“Zhang moved to Lijiang at the age of 17 to teach in the middle school in Huaping County.”可知，张桂梅在17岁时来到丽江，在华坪县的一所中学教书。故填At the age of 17. 28．根据“From the year of 2002, she began a six-year journey to look for funds.”可知，从2002年开始，她开始了长达6年的融资之旅。故填For six years. 29．根据“Influenced by her, many of her students have chosen to teach in poor areas.”可知，受她的影响，她的许多学生都选择去贫困地区教书。故填In poor areas. 30．本题属于开放性试题，言之有理皆可。参考答案：From her, we learn the spirit of selfless dedication. 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $