Unit 2 Great ideas 伟大思想（单元阅读精练）英语新教材沪教版九年级上册

**基本信息** 聚焦伟大思想人物记叙文阅读，融合时文、真题与模拟，通过长难句解析和词汇拓展提升语言能力，渗透文化意识与思维品质。 **专项设计** |模块|题量/典例|题型特征|知识逻辑| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |时文阅读|2篇（古腾堡、哥白尼）|人物记叙文单选|按“生平经历-核心成就-社会影响”展开，体现思想突破对文明进程的推动| |真题示例|2篇（达尔文、刘伟）|中考人物记叙文单选|聚焦中外科学家与文化传播者，考查细节理解与推理判断，强化跨文化认知| |模拟演练|4篇（乔安娜·科尔等）|模拟人物记叙文单选|覆盖科学、文学、教育等领域，构建“个人探索-思想创新-社会贡献”逻辑链，培养质疑与创新思维|

Unit 2 Great ideas 伟大思想（新教材沪教版） 单元阅读精练 版块 语篇 题型 体裁 词数 内容简介 时文阅读 Passage A 阅读理解单选 人物记叙文 约 586 讲述古腾堡发明金属活字印刷机，廉价书籍普及，打破知识垄断，深刻推动文艺复兴与现代教育 Passage B 阅读理解单选 人物记叙文 约 591 介绍哥白尼提出日心说，伽利略观测佐证，颠覆传统地心观念，为现代天文学奠定基础 真题示例 Passage1 中考阅读单选 人物记叙文 约 360 达尔文放弃学医，环球航行观察动植物，提出生物进化论，《物种起源》影响后世自然科学 Passage2 中考阅读单选 人物记叙文 约 320 孔子学院武术教师刘伟创新教学，利用影视片段授课，传播武术与中华传统文化，搭建中外文化桥梁 模拟演练 Passage1 模拟阅读单选 人物记叙文 约 330 儿童作家乔安娜・科尔从小热爱写作与科学，创作《神奇校车》系列，用趣味文字启发孩子科学思维 Passage2 模拟阅读单选 人物记叙文 约 340 文学家韩愈推崇儒学，被贬潮州后教化百姓，思想长久影响当地文化，后人修建韩愈纪念馆纪念他 Passage3 模拟阅读单选 人物记叙文 约 400 珍妮・古道尔远赴非洲研究黑猩猩，发现动物会使用工具、拥有情感，推动全球野生动物保护事业 Passage4 模拟阅读单选 人物记叙文 约 380 教育家陶行知摒弃西式僵化教育，提出生活即教育理念，兴办师范院校、发起小先生运动普及平民教育 · Imagination is more important than knowledge. – Albert Einstein (想象力比知识更为重要。—— 阿尔伯特・爱因斯坦) · Genius is one per cent inspiration, ninety-nine per cent perspiration. – Thomas Edison (天才是百分之一的灵感，加上百分之九十九的汗水。—— 托马斯・爱迪生) · Logic will get you from A to B. Imagination will take you everywhere. – Albert Einstein (逻辑只能带你从 A 走到 B，想象力却能带你去往任何地方。—— 阿尔伯特・爱因斯坦) · Creativity is just connecting things. – Steve Jobs (创意，不过是把不同事物联系起来。—— 史蒂夫・乔布斯) · Necessity is the mother of invention. – Plato (需求是发明之母。—— 柏拉图) · The difficulty lies not in new ideas, but in escaping old ones. – John Maynard Keynes (困难不在于产生新想法，而在于摆脱旧思维。—— 约翰・梅纳德・凯恩斯) · Innovation distinguishes between a leader and a follower. – Steve Jobs (创新，区分了引领者与跟随者。—— 史蒂夫・乔布斯) · Inspiration exists, but it has to find you working. – Pablo Picasso (灵感确实存在，但它只会光顾正在努力的人。—— 巴勃罗・毕加索) · Creativity is intelligence having fun. – Albert Einstein (创造力，就是智慧在享受思考的乐趣。—— 阿尔伯特・爱因斯坦) · What is now proved was once only imagined. – William Blake (如今被证实的一切，曾经都只是想象。—— 威廉・布莱克) · It is better to have enough ideas for some of them to be wrong, than to have no ideas at all. – Edward de Bono (宁可拥有许多想法，哪怕部分出错，也好过毫无想法。—— 爱德华・德博诺) · The important thing is not to stop questioning. – Albert Einstein (最重要的事，是永远不要停止发问。—— 阿尔伯特・爱因斯坦) Passage A Gutenberg’s Printing Press: The Idea That Spread Knowledge Source：National Geographic Kids, 2024-05-18 Before the 15th century, all books in Europe were hand-copied by monks. Making a single thick book took months, and books were extremely expensive. Only wealthy nobles and churches could afford them, so most ordinary people never learned to read. Johannes Gutenberg, a goldsmith from Germany, came up with a revolutionary great idea: movable metal type and a printing press powered by pressure. Gutenberg spent years testing metals to create durable letters that could be reused thousands of times. He combined this with oil-based ink and a modified wine press to build the world’s first practical printing machine. In 1455, he finished printing the Gutenberg Bible, the first mass-produced book in Western history. At first, many scholars doubted his idea. Some believed handwritten texts were more valuable and refused printed books. But the printing press spread quickly across Europe within decades. This single great idea broke the monopoly of knowledge held by the upper class. More affordable books appeared everywhere, pushing more people to learn reading and writing. Scientists, philosophers and reformers could share their thoughts widely instead of keeping ideas locked in private libraries. The printing press laid the foundation for the Renaissance, the Reformation and modern education. Even today, its core idea—copying information quickly and cheaply—still influences newspapers, digital documents and online media. It proves that one creative thought can rewrite the whole course of human civilization. 长难句解析 原句： （第二段第一句）Gutenberg spent years testing metals to create durable letters that could be reused thousands of times. 译文：古腾堡花费数年试验各类金属，打造出能够重复使用数千次的耐用活字。 分析：本句为主从复合句。spend time (in) doing sth 固定搭配；to create durable letters 为不定式作目的状语；that 引导定语从句，先行词为 letters。 译文 古腾堡印刷机：传播知识的伟大构想 来源：National Geographic Kids, 2024-05-18 15 世纪之前，欧洲所有书籍都由修士手工抄写。制作一本厚重的书需要数月时间，书籍价格极其昂贵。只有富有的贵族与教堂能负担得起，因此大多数普通人从未学会读书写字。来自德国的金匠约翰内斯・古腾堡提出了一个具有革命性的伟大构想：金属活字印刷术以及压力驱动的印刷机。 古腾堡花费数年试验各类金属，打造出能够重复使用数千次的耐用活字。他将活字与油性油墨、改良后的葡萄酒压榨机相结合，造出了世界上第一台实用印刷设备。1455 年，他印制完成《古腾堡圣经》，这是西方历史上首部批量印刷的书籍。起初，许多学者质疑他的想法，部分人认为手抄文本更有价值，拒绝使用印刷书籍。但短短数十年间，印刷机迅速传遍整个欧洲。 这一项伟大构想打破了上层阶级对知识的垄断。价格亲民的书籍随处可见，促使更多人学习读写。科学家、哲学家与改革者得以广泛传播思想，不再将观点禁锢在私人藏书馆中。印刷机为文艺复兴、宗教改革与现代教育奠定了基础。即便到今天，它的核心理念 —— 快速、低成本复制信息 —— 依旧影响着报纸、电子文档与网络媒介。这证明，一个富有创造力的想法足以改写人类文明的整个进程。 Passage B The Idea of Heliocentrism: Rewriting Human View of the Universe Source：The New York Times Upfront, 2023-12-09 For over one thousand years, people firmly believed the Earth stood at the center of the universe. This geocentric idea was supported by religion and respected ancient scholars, and anyone who questioned it was seen as wrong or even dangerous. In the 16th century, Polish astronomer Nicolaus Copernicus raised a shocking great idea: the Earth and all other planets move around the Sun, not the other way around. Copernicus spent over 30 years collecting star data and calculating planet orbits. He feared public anger and church punishment, so he only published his book On the Revolutions of the Heavenly Spheres right before his death. At first, almost all experts refused his theory. They argued that if the Earth moved, people would feel strong wind and falling objects would fly sideways. Later, Galileo used a self-made telescope to find clear evidence, such as the moons around Jupiter, to support Copernicus’s great idea. Galileo suffered heavy pressure for defending the sun-centered system, but more scientists kept researching and adding proof. Step by step, the old geocentric belief faded away. This great idea completely changed humanity’s understanding of space. It taught people to trust observation and logical calculation instead of old fixed beliefs. It also opened the door for modern astronomy, space exploration and physics. Centuries later, this once-ridiculed idea reminds us that the most powerful great ideas often challenge what everyone takes for granted. 长难句解析 原句： （第一段第二句）This geocentric idea was supported by religion and respected ancient scholars, and anyone who questioned it was seen as wrong or even dangerous. 译文：这种地心说得到宗教与知名古代学者的推崇，任何质疑它的人都会被视作异类，甚至危险分子。 分析：本句由 and 连接两个并列被动句。who questioned it 是定语从句，先行词为 anyone，修饰限定 “质疑地心说的人”。 译文 日心说：重塑人类对宇宙的认知 Source：The New York Times Upfront, 2023-12-09 一千多年来，人们坚定认为地球是宇宙的中心。这种地心说得到宗教与知名古代学者的推崇，任何质疑它的人都会被视作异类，甚至危险分子。16 世纪，波兰天文学家尼古拉・哥白尼提出了一个颠覆世人的伟大观点：地球和其他所有行星都围绕太阳运转，而非太阳绕地球转动。 哥白尼耗费三十余年收集星体数据、计算行星运行轨道。他惧怕民众的愤怒与教会的惩处，因此直到临终前才出版著作《天体运行论》。起初，几乎所有学者都否定他的理论。他们声称，如果地球在转动，人类会感受到狂风，下落的物体也会向侧面偏移。后来，伽利略利用自制望远镜找到了确凿证据，例如木星的卫星，以此佐证哥白尼的伟大构想。 伽利略因捍卫日心说承受了巨大压力，但更多科学家持续研究，不断补充佐证。久而久之，陈旧的地心观念逐渐消亡。这一伟大观点彻底改变了人类对太空的认知。它教会人们相信观测与逻辑推演，而非固守陈旧定论，也为现代天文学、太空探索和物理学打开了大门。数百年后，这个曾经饱受嘲讽的观点提醒我们：最具影响力的伟大思想，往往会挑战所有人习以为常的认知。 1. Every amazing change in human history starts with a simple but powerful great idea. (人类历史上每一次惊人变革，都始于一个简单却极具力量的伟大想法。) 2. A creative thought can break old rules and open a brand-new world for mankind. (一个富有创意的想法能够打破旧规，为人类开辟全新的天地。) 3. Great ideas do not come easily; they grow from constant observation and deep thinking. (伟大的想法来之不易，它们诞生于持续的观察与深度思考。) 4. We should dare to question common beliefs if we want to produce valuable new ideas. (若想产出有价值的新思想，我们要敢于质疑大众公认的固有认知。) 5. Even a tiny creative idea has the power to rewrite the development of society. (哪怕一个微小的创意，也拥有改写社会发展进程的力量。) 6. Curiosity is the key that unlocks all kinds of great ideas in our daily life. (好奇心是一把钥匙，能解锁生活中各式各样伟大的构想。) 7. It takes courage to stick to your own idea when most people choose to doubt it. (当大多数人质疑你的想法时，坚持己见需要莫大的勇气。) 8. Many world-changing ideas were once laughed at and considered impossible at first. (许多改变世界的构想，起初都遭到嘲笑，被认为根本无法实现。) 9. Communication and discussion help us turn small thoughts into great ideas. (交流与探讨能帮助我们把零碎的小想法打磨成伟大的构想。) 10. Without creative ideas, there would be no invention, no progress and no bright future. (没有创新思想，就没有发明创造，没有社会进步，更没有光明的未来。) 11. Great ideas serve people and solve real problems instead of staying empty in minds. (伟大的想法服务于人、解决现实难题，而非只停留在空想之中。) 12. As students, we should keep an open mind to welcome new ideas and different opinions. (作为学生，我们应当保持开放心态，接纳新想法与不同观点。) 13. Hard work and repeated practice make our creative ideas turn into real achievements. (不懈努力与反复实践，才能让我们的创意落地，变成实实在在的成就。) 14. One great idea can connect people from different ages and change the whole world together. (一个伟大的构想能够跨越时代联结众人，共同改变整个世界。) 15. Never ignore your sudden inspiration, for it may become a life-changing great idea. (不要忽视脑海中突如其来的灵感，它或许会成为改变人生的伟大构想。) Passage 1 （2022·广东广州·中考真题）Charles DarwinEarly years Charles Darwin was one of the six children from a big family. His grandfather and father were doctors and the young Darwin went to Edinburgh University to study medicine. However, he hated to see blood and he soon realized that he couldn’t be a doctor. He then went to Cambridge University and discovered that he had a great interest in studying plants, insects and animals. Luckily, one of Darwin’s university teachers helped him, join the perfect trip for a biologist: a voyage around the world to study nature.The Beagle In 1831, Charles Darwin left Plymouth on The Beagle, a ship that took him around the world for five years. While he was travelling, he studied the plants and animals in the countries and on the islands that the ship visited. Darwin also spent his time on The Beagle writing notes about the things he had seen. When he finally arrived back in Britain, Darwin was already starting to create his famous theory that all living things had a common ancestor (祖先).Down house At home at Down House, a place that you can still visit today, Darwin wrote many articles and books about his travels, but he didn’t want to make anything about his theory known to the public. He worked in his study, where he wrote 250,000 words about his theory of evolution (进化论), but he was frightened about what people might say about his idea that monkeys were the ancestors of humans. He thought the public would be against it and was so frightened that he became ill with worry. However, when another scientist started to write about similar ideas, Darwin decided to print his book, On the Origin of Species. Most scientists accepted Darwin’s theory and people continue to study it today. On 12th February, the day he was born, Darwin Day is celebrated around the world to encourage more people to study the natural world. 1．What caused Darwin to give up his study of medicine? A．He didn’t like seeing blood. B．He found the studies too difficult. C．He was pushed to give up by his family. D．He was advised to study natural science. 2．Why was the trip on The Beagle important to Darwin? A．It helped him to finish his study at the university. B．It allowed him to change his mind about his future. C．It gave him ideas about the beginnings of human life. D．It got him to complete his most famous book on the ship. 3．In what order did the following happen in Darwin’s life? a. He arrived back in Britain in 1836. b. He thought the public would not support his ideas. c. He became interested in studying the natural world. d. He printed his famous book, On the Origin of Species. e. He received help to get a place on a trip around the world. f. He studied the plants and animals on the islands he visited. A．e→f→c→a→b→d B．c→e→f→a→b→d C．e→f→a→c→d→b D．c→e→f→d→a→b 4．Why did the writer include the last paragraph? A．To introduce Darwin’s famous book. B．To tell how people celebrate Darwin Day. C．To explain why people accept Darwin’s ideas. D．To show Darwin’s influence on natural science. 【答案】1．A 2．C 3．B 4．D 【导语】本文讲述达尔文早期的学习和旅行经历，讲述达尔文研究自然世界，并完成《物种起源》的经历。 【详解】1．细节理解题。根据第一段“he hated to see blood and he soon realized that he couldn’t be a doctor”可知，达尔文讨厌看到血，所以放弃了学医。故选A。 2．细节理解题。根据第二段“Darwin also spent his time on The Beagle writing notes about the things he had seen. When he finally arrived back in Britain, Darwin was already starting to create his famous theory that all living things had a common ancestor”可知，达尔文在“小猎户号”船上的旅行，让他开始创造他有名的理论，他认为所有的生物都有一个共同的祖先。故选C。 3．推理判断题。根据“he had a great interest in studying plants, insects and animals”可知，他对学习自然世界感兴趣。根据“one of Darwin’s university teachers helped him, join the perfect trip for a biologist: a voyage around the world to study nature”可知，他得到帮助可以去环球航行。根据“he studied the plants and animals in the countries and on the islands that the ship visited”可知，他在岛上研究植物和动物。根据“When he finally arrived back in Britain”可知，他回到英国。根据“he was frightened about what people might say about his idea that monkeys were the ancestors of humans”可知，他认为大众不会支持他的想法。根据“Darwin decided to print his book, On the Origin of Species”可知，他出版了他的书《物种起源》。正确的顺序是c→e→f→a→b→d。故选B。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Darwin Day is celebrated around the world to encourage more people to study the natural world”可知，达尔文日是为了鼓励更多的人研究自然科学。可推断最后一段是为了展示达尔文在自然科学上的影响。故选D。 一、重难词汇（12 个） biologist /baɪˈɒlədʒɪst/n. 生物学家 voyage /ˈvɔɪɪdʒ/n. 远航，海上航行 ancestor /ˈænsestə(r)/n. 祖先，始祖 evolution /ˌiːvəˈluːʃn/n. 进化；演变 theory /ˈθɪəri/n. 理论，学说 species /ˈspiːʃiːz/n. 物种（单复数同形） origin /ˈɒrɪdʒɪn/n. 起源，本源 similar /ˈsɪmələ(r)/adj. 相似的，相仿的 frightened /ˈfraɪtnd/adj. 恐惧的，忧心忡忡的 natural /ˈnætʃrəl/adj. 自然界的；天然的 encourage /ɪnˈkʌrɪdʒ/v. 鼓励，激励 celebrate /ˈselɪbreɪt/v. 庆祝；颂扬 二、长难句解析 原句：（第三段第二句）He worked in his study, where he wrote 250,000 words about his theory of evolution, but he was frightened about what people might say about his idea that monkeys were the ancestors of humans. 译文：他在书房中伏案写作，写下 25 万字阐述进化论，可他十分害怕民众对 “人类由猴子演化而来” 这一观点的评价。 分析：本句为并列复合句。where 引导非限制性定语从句，修饰 study；what 引导宾语从句，作介词 about 的宾语；句末 that 引导同位语从句，解释说明 idea 的具体内容。 Passage 2 （2025·宁夏·中考真题）Liu Wei is a Confucius Institute (孔子学院) kung fu teacher at the University of Sierra Leone (塞拉利昂). To help his students learn kung fu well, Liu puts lots of effort into researching and improving his teaching methods. He teaches martial arts (武术) in a creative way, making learning more enjoyable. Liu Wei’s students were introduced to kung fu through movies and TV shows. Kung fu movies and TV shows are very popular among them. That’s where Liu Wei has got his new ideas of teaching. He uses movie clips (片段) in class to help students learn kung fu better. “Martial arts classes should not be just about martial arts skills,” Liu said. He also teaches students the Chinese language and other knowledge he considers necessary for their overall martial arts development. He encourages his students to take part in all kinds of cultural exchange (交流) activities, including martial arts performances and traditional Chinese festivals. “I used to think kung fu was just for movies. Now I have a better understanding of its spirit,” one of Liu’s students, Georgiana, said. After meeting Liu, many students expressed a strong wish to visit China. So far, Liu has taught nearly 1,000 students. “In the future, I want to build a ‘martial arts bridge’ between China and Sierra Leone,” he said. “I hope more and more people come to China to enjoy the beauty of rich Chinese culture.” 1. How does Liu Wei make his martial arts classes more enjoyable? A．By taking part in TV shows. B．By using movie clips in class. C．By celebrating Chinese festivals. D．By making movies about kung fu. 2. What is Liu Wei like according to the passage? A．Shy and strict. B．Kind and humorous. C．Honest and old-fashioned. D．Creative and hard-working. 3. What can we learn from the passage? A．Georgiana became a kung fu star after meeting Liu Wei. B．Liu Wei puts lots of efforts into spreading Chinese culture. C．Liu Wei seldom cares about students’ overall development. D．Liu Wei’s students knew about kung fu after visiting China. 4. Which can be a suitable title for the passage? A．The Beauty of Chinese Culture B．Chinese Movies and Kung Fu Learning C．A Martial Arts Teacher in Sierra Leone D．Traditional Chinese Festivals in Sierra Leone 【答案】1. B 2. D 3. B 4. C 【导语】本文主要讲述了塞拉利昂大学孔子学院的武术教师刘伟如何通过创新的教学方法教授武术，并传播中国文化的故事。 【详解】1. 细节理解题。根据第一段“He teaches martial arts in a creative way, making learning more enjoyable.”和第二段“Kung fu movies and TV shows are very popular among them. That’s where Liu Wei has got his new ideas of teaching. He uses movie clips in class to help students learn kung fu better.”可知，刘伟通过电影片段让武术课更有趣。故选B。 2. 推理判断题。根据第一段“To help his students learn kung fu well, Liu puts lots of efforts into researching and improving his teaching methods. He teaches martial arts in a creative way, making learning more enjoyable.”可知，刘伟投入大量精力研究和改进教学方法，并且他以创造性的方式教授武术，通过这些可推知刘伟是一个富有创造力且勤奋的人。故选D。 3. 推理判断题。根据第二段“‘Martial arts classes should not be just about martial arts skills,’ Liu said. He also teaches students the Chinese language and other knowledge he considers necessary for their overall martial arts development. He encourages his students to take part in all kinds of cultural exchange activities, including martial arts performances and traditional Chinese festivals.”和最后一段“‘In the future, I want to build a ‘martial arts bridge’ between China and Sierra Leone,’ he said. ‘I hope more and more people come to China to enjoy the beauty of rich Chinese culture.’”可知，刘伟不仅教授武术技能，还教授中文和其他知识，并鼓励学生参与文化交流活动，他还提到希望在中国和塞拉利昂之间搭建一座“武术桥梁”，这些都表明他致力于传播中国文化。故选B。 4. 最佳标题题。文章主要围绕刘伟在塞拉利昂教授武术的经历展开，选项C“塞拉利昂的一位武术教练”最贴合文章主旨。故选C。 一、重难词汇（12 个） institute /ˈɪnstɪtjuːt/n. 学院；机构 effort /ˈefət/n. 努力 method /ˈmeθəd/n. 方法，教学法 martial /ˈmɑːʃl/adj. 武术的；军事的 creative /kriˈeɪtɪv/adj. 有创意的，创新的 clip /klɪp/n. 片段，剪辑 overall /ˌəʊvərˈɔːl/adj. 全面的，整体的 exchange /ɪksˈtʃeɪndʒ/n. & v. 交流，交换 performance /pəˈfɔːməns/n. 表演，演出 express /ɪkˈspres/v. 表达 spirit /ˈspɪrɪt/n. 精神，内涵 nearly /ˈnɪəli/adv. 几乎，将近 二、长难句解析 原句：（第二段第四句）He also teaches students the Chinese language and other knowledge he considers necessary for their overall martial arts development. 译文：他还教学生汉语以及其他他认为对学生武术全面发展必不可少的知识。 分析：本句为主从复合句。主句采用双宾语结构 teach sb sth；he considers necessary 是省略关系代词 that 的定语从句，修饰先行词 knowledge。 Passage 1 （2024·广东广州·二模）Joanna Cole, born on August 11, 1944 in Newark, New Jersey, has been considered to be one of the most popular children’s authors of all time. She has written over 250 books and is famous for writing one of the most popular children’s book series. She knew as early as 5th grade that she was interested in writing and science. Cole’s passion (激情) came mostly from one of her elementary school teachers. Joanna Cole continued her education by attending the University of Massachusetts and Indiana. She would eventually earn a bachelor’s degree in psychology from the City College of New York in 1967. After graduation Cole decided to take some education courses to become a librarian at a Brooklyn elementary school in 1967. Finally, she would take jobs working for Newsweek, Seesaw book club. Cole’s passion for writing and science was still alive and well during this time. In 1971, she decided to write her first book, Cockroaches. She did some research and discovered there had never been a book written for children about cockroaches. So she thought she would be the first. Cole became successful when she wrote the first Magic School Bus in 1985. The book would go on to be published the following year and quickly became book series and cartoon series due to its success. Cole continued to write both non-fiction and fiction books for children. She writes in a way that will hopefully inspire children to think like a scientist. She does this by writing ideas instead of just facts. She also tries to ask questions in her books that require children to think and discover the answers as they read. This creates an engaging experience for children, so it is no wonder why younger readers are interested in her books. 1. Who greatly influenced Joanna Cole’s passion for writing? A．Her parents. B．One of her college teachers. C．One of her classmates. D．One of her elementary school teachers. 2. What do we know about Joanna Cole? A．She is an expert at getting science across to readers. B．She has made great contributions to science. C．She writes novels not only for kids but for adults. D．She is the most famous woman writer in America. 3. What does the underlined word “this” in paragraph 5 refer to? A．Writing a lot of facts in her books . B．Inspiring children to think like a scientist. C．Writing both non-fiction and fiction books for children. D．Asking questions in her books that require children to think. 4. In what order did the following happen to Cole? a. Her first Magic School Bus were published. b. She become a librarian at a Brooklyn elementary school. c. She wrote her first book, Cockroaches. d. She became interested in writing and science. e. She got a a bachelor’s degree in psychology. A．d→e→c→b→a B．c→d→e→a→b C．d→e→b→c→a D．c→a→b→e→d 【答案】1. D 2. A 3. B 4. C 【导语】本文介绍了Joanna Cole的成长经历、教育背景、职业生涯以及她在儿童文学领域的成就，特别是她如何通过写作激发儿童对科学的兴趣。 【详解】1. 细节理解题。根据“Cole’s passion (激情) came mostly from one of her elementary school teachers.”可知，Joanna Cole的写作激情主要来自于她的一位小学老师。故选D。 2. 细节理解题。根据“Cole continued to write both non-fiction and fiction books for children. She writes in a way that will hopefully inspire children to think like a scientist.”可知，Joanna Cole擅长通过写作将科学传达给读者，并希望激发孩子们像科学家一样思考。故选A。 3. 词句猜测题。根据“She writes in a way that will hopefully inspire children to think like a scientist. She does this by writing ideas instead of just facts.”可知，她的写作方式有望激励孩子们像科学家一样思考。她通过写观点而不是事实来做到这一点。this指的是“激励孩子们像科学家一样思考”。故选B。 4. 细节理解题。根据“She knew as early as 5th grade that she was interested in writing and science.”、“She would eventually earn a bachelor’s degree in psychology from the City College of New York in 1967.”、“After graduation Cole decided to take some education courses to become a librarian at a Brooklyn elementary school in 1967.”、“In 1971, she decided to write her first book, Cockroaches.”、“Cole became successful when she wrote the first Magic School Bus in 1985.”可知，事件发生的顺序是：她对写作和科学产生兴趣→获得心理学学士学位→成为布鲁克林一所小学的图书管理员→写了她的第一本书《蟑螂》→她的第一本《神奇校车》出版。故选C。 Passage 2 （2024·广东广州·一模） After entering the main gate of the Han Yu Memorial Hall, you’ll find a stone road. At the end of it, there are 51 steps leading to a temple in the mountain. Why do visitors need to climb such long steps? It is said that Han Yu was 51 years old when he arrived in Chaozhou. Han Yu was a famous writer and thinker in ancient China. He was born in 768 AD in Henan. Han Yu was good at writing poetry and prose, and he also spent his lifetime spreading Neo-Confucianism (新儒学). Han Yu’s parents died when he was young and he had to face many challenges alone. He tried to take the national exams, known as “Keju” in Chinese, but failed. After trying many times, he did succeed in the end and rose to be a trusted official. At that time, Confucianism was losing its influence, but Han Yu still strongly believed in it. He even wrote a letter to the emperor in 819 AD to tell him that it was wrong to be against Confucian beliefs. The emperor didn’t like what Han Yu said, so Han Yu was sent away to Chaozhou for a year. Chaozhou was faraway and few people lived there at that time. That punishment led to the story between Han Yu and Chaozhou. He brought his Confucian beliefs there and did many things to change local people’s lives. Therefore, many people thought highly of him. They respected his teachings, and even after he left, they kept studying them. Even today, they still see Han Yu as an important part of their culture. In front of the Han Yu Memorial Hall, the statue of Han Yu faces the ancient city, as if he has been watching over Chaozhou and never left. In fact, Han Yu’s ideas didn’t just stay in Chaozhou. They spread all over China. People still read his books and study his thoughts. 1. According to the passage, why are there 51 steps leading to the temple? A．To encourage visitors to climb the mountain. B．To memorize Han Yu’s age a she reached Chaozhou. C．To show that 51isa lucky number for Chaozhou. D．To show the number of years Han Yu lived in Chouzhou. 2. In what order did the following events happen in Han Yu’s life? a. Han Yu disagreed with what the emperor did. b. Han Yu lost his parents and led a hard life. c. People in Chaozhou learned from Han Yu’s teachings. d. HanYu succeeded in the national exam. e. HanYu was forced to move to Chaozhou. A．b-a-d-e-c B．b-d-a-e-c C．d-b-e-a-c D．d-a-b-c-e 3. What does “That punishment” in paragraph 4 refer to? A．Han Yu was sent away to a faraway place. B．Han Yu was sent to prison by the emperor. C．Han Yu wasn’t an official anymore. D．Han Yu wasn’t allowed to teach Confucianism. 4. What can we know about Han Yu from the passage? A．The statue of Han Yu was built in order to welcome visitors. B．He got the emperor angry by writing a poem. C．He had a great influence on Chaozhou. D．He never left Chaozhou since he arrived there. 【答案】1. B 2. B 3. A 4. C 【导语】本文主要介绍了韩愈纪念馆有关韩愈的生平以及他与潮州的渊源、对潮州的贡献。 【详解】1. 推理判断题。根据第一段“It is said that Han Yu was 51 years old when he arrived in Chaozhou.”可知，他在51岁时到达潮州，之所以有51级台阶通向寺庙，是为了记住韩愈到达潮州的年龄。故选B。 2. 推理判断题。通读全文可知，本文先介绍了韩愈年轻时父母双亡，过着艰难的生活，随后他经历数次科举考试最终成为官员；接着他不同意皇帝反对儒家信仰；皇帝不喜欢他于是将他贬至潮州；他在那里传播儒家信仰，潮州人民受益匪浅。故韩愈一生历程的顺序为b-d-a-e-c。故选B。 3. 词义猜测题。根据第四段“so Han Yu was sent away to Chaozhou for a year. Chaozhou was faraway and few people lived there at that time. That punishment led to the story between Han Yu and Chaozhou.”可知，韩愈被贬至人烟稀少的潮州，这次“惩罚”展开了他与潮州的关系。故推测出“That punishment”意为“韩愈被送到了很远的地方。” 故选A。 4. 推理判断题。根据第四段“He brought his Confucian beliefs there and did many things to change local people’s lives. Therefore, many people thought highly of him. They respected his teachings, and even after he left, they kept studying them. Even today, they still see Han Yu as an important part of their culture.”可知，他教潮州人儒家信仰并做了很多事情来改变当地人民的生活。所以他对潮州影响很大。故选C。 Passage 3 （2024·广东广州·一模）Jane Goodall was born in England, on April 3, 1934. At eight, Jane was attracted by the Dr. Dolitle books and dreamed of living with the animals in Africa. After finishing school, Jane took on a few jobs including waitressing and working for a film company. She saved every cent for her goal. At 23, she left for Kenya in Africa. There she met the famous scientist Dr. Louis, who offered her a job in a nature reserve. Dr. Louis believed Jane was the right person to study the chimpanzees because she had great interest in animals and nature and knew a lot about them. Dr. Louis found Jane hadn’t received formal training at school, but this was an advantage because she wouldn’t be influenced by traditional thoughts. So Dr. Louis decided to send her to the Gombe Stream Game Reserve (GSGR) to study wild chimpanzees. In 1960, Jane arrived at the GSGR. The early weeks there were hard. Jane had a serious fever. After getting well, she was challenged by terrible local environment. Thick trees and bushes made it difficult for her to go through the reserve. And often she hiked hundreds of miles without seeing a chimpanzee. Even when some chimpanzees were found, they ran away in fear. Later, Jane learned to communicate with them. Finally, an older chimp accepted Jane and other group members also allowed her to watch them. With years of hard work, Jane made groundbreaking discoveries. Chimpanzees hunt for meat, use tools, and even make tools. And chimpanzees have feelings just like human beings. These findings made many scientists think that their old ideas about the animal might be wrong. After living in Gombe for many years, Jane began to worry because chimpanzees were losing their homes as a result of deforestation. Some people were even hunting them for food and experiments. She began travelling, asking people to save the chimpanzees and forests. In 1977, she founded the Jane Goodall Institute (JGI), a global conservation organization. Later, the organization launched programs which encourage young people around the world to join in protecting the environment, wildlife, or their communities. Jane is still hard at work today. When she has time, she returns to her Gombe home. She walks into the forest and sits down quietly. She smiles as she watches the chimpanzees. 1. Which is the correct order of the following events about Jane? a. Jane worked for Dr. Louis in Kenya. b. Jane fell in love with animals in Africa. c. Jane made money to achieve her goal. d. Jane took actions on wildlife protection. e. Jane made surprising findings about chimpanzees. f. Jane met difficulties when studying chimpanzees in GSGR. A．b→c→a→e→d→f B．b→c→a→f→e→d C．c→b→f→a→e→d D．c→b→f→d→a→e 2. Why was Jane chosen to study further on chimpanzees in GSGR? A．Because of her working experience in Kenya. B．Because of her rich knowledge about nature. C．Because of her great love for animals. D．Because of her open mind about animals. 3. What might people believe about chimpanzees before Jane’s discovery? A．They eat plants but not meat. B．They are smart enough to make tools. C．They can use a long stick to hunt. D．They smile when they are happy. 4. Which best describes Jane Goodall? A．Creative and calm. B．Talented and quiet. C．Strong-willed and patient. D．Helpful and confident. 【答案】1. B 2. D 3. A 4. C 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了JaneGoodall 的学习和生活经历：她是一位灵长类动物学家，她研究野生动物黑猩猩，并取得了重大成就。 【详解】1. 细节理解题。根据“At eight, Jane was attracted by the Dr. Dolitle books and dreamed of living with the animals in Africa.”可知，她爱非洲的动物，b排第一，排除C和D；根据“Thick trees and bushes made it difficult for her to go through the reserve. And often she hiked hundreds of miles without seeing a chimpanzee. Even when some chimpanzees were found, they ran away in fear.”和“With years of hard work, Jane made groundbreaking discoveries.”可知，她在研究黑猩猩时遇到了困难，通过艰苦工作之后，她取得了惊人的发现，所以f在e之前，排除A。故选B。 2. 推理判断题。根据“Dr. Louis believed Jane was the right person to study the chimpanzees because she had great interest in animals and nature and knew a lot about them. Dr. Louis found Jane hadn’t received formal training at school, but this was an advantage because she wouldn’t be influenced by traditional thoughts.”可知，是因为Jane对动物和自然非常感兴趣，对它们了解很多，并且不会受到传统思想的影响，对动物持开放态度。故选D。 3. 推理判断题。根据“Chimpanzees hunt for meat, use tools, and even make tools. And chimpanzees have feelings just like human beings. These findings made many scientists think that their old ideas about the animal might be wrong.”可知，它们吃肉，所以A选项“他们吃植物，但不吃肉。”属于之前的错误观点，故选A。 4. 推理判断题。根据“She saved every cent for her goal.”，“After getting well, she was challenged by terrible local environment.”，“With years of hard work, Jane made groundbreaking discoveries.”及“After living in Gombe for many years”可知，她是一个意志力强大，非常有耐心的人，故选C。 Passage 4 （2023·广东广州·二模） Teachers are often considered to be engineers of the human soul. They are expected to spread knowledge, ideas and truth. There’s one person in China who is called the “teacher of teachers”. He is Tao Xingzhi, a Chinese educator. Tao was born in Anhui province, China, in 1891. Later he studied abroad for educational philosophy. When Tao returned to China in 1917 and began his own career as an educator, he did not blindly follow western education methods or theories. In fact, he changed the saying of “Education is life itself” to “Life is education”. Similarly, instead of “school as society”, he saw it as “society as school”. For Tao, education is an active experience in real-life instead of telling and being told. He supported “unity of teaching, learning, and reflective (反思的) acting”. Besides developing education methods, Tao also tried his best to improve “mass education”. After doing surveys in Beijing, Tianjin and Shanghai in 1921, Tao was surprised to learn that in China more than 70% of the people in the city didn’t know how to read or write. He wanted to change the situation. To solve the problem, Tao organized young workers and farmers to study while working. To deal with the shortage of teachers and money, in 1927, Tao set up Xiaozhuang Normal College in Nanjing to train teachers and educators, most of whom became teachers at schools in the countryside. In January 1934, he started the “Little Teacher” movement in which young students were encouraged to serve as teachers to others, even to those older than themselves. Under Tao’s guidance, over 18,000 “little teachers” were invited in Shanghai within 10 months. It later included 28 provinces and cities as a key nationwide education movement. Even in the fight against the Japanese army, Tao never forgot his dream. He founded a middle school in Chongqing and offered free education to poor children. Maybe Tao’s motto is the best explanation for his life. “Giving a whole heart, yet taking nothing in return, not even a leaf of grass.” 1. What is the correct order of Tao Xingzhi’s life experience? a. He did surveys in different places in China. b. He went abroad to study educational philosophy. c. He began to build colleges to train teachers and educators. d. He called on young students to be teachers to others in need. e. He returned to China and started his own career as an educator. A．a-c-b-d-e B．b-e-a-c-d C．a-e-d-c-b D．b-c-e-a-d 2. What does the underlined words “mass education” mean in the text? A．Education for poor workers. B．Education for young children. C．Education for ordinary people. D．Education for kids with great talent. 3. According to the passage, what did Tao Xingzhi do to help people read and write? A．He built a normal college to train workers and farmers. B．He set up a middle school in Nanjing for poor children. C．He encouraged people to fight against the Japanese army. D．He asked young students to teach others in the movement. 4. What is the main idea of the passage? A．Tao Xingzhi and his educational life. B．How Tao Xingzhi studied philosophy. C．Tao Xingzhi loved leading movements. D．Tao Xingzhi and his teaching at school. 【答案】1. B 2. C 3. D 4. A 【导语】本文主要介绍了陶行知与他的教育生活。 【详解】1. 细节理解题。根据“Tao was born in Anhui province, China, in 1891. Later he studied abroad for educational philosophy.”可知，陶行知曾留学国外学习教育哲学；根据“When Tao returned to China in 1917 and began his own career as an educator,”可知，他回到中国，开始了自己的教育事业；根据“After doing surveys in Beijing, Tianjin and Shanghai in 1921…”可知，他在中国不同的地方做了调查；根据“To deal with the shortage...train teachers and educators…”可知，他建立大学来培养教师和教育工作者；根据“he started the ‘Little Teacher’ movement...even to those older than themselves.”可知，他号召年轻学生成为有需要的人的老师，因此正确的顺序是b-e-a-c-d。故选B。 2. 词义猜测题。根据“Tao was surprised to learn that in China more than 70% of the people in the city didn’t know how to read or write.”可知，他发现在中国超过70%的城市居民不知道如何读书写字，因此“mass education”主要是为普通人的教育。故选C。 3. 细节理解题。根据“In January 1934, he started the ‘Little Teacher’ movement in which young students were encouraged to serve as teachers to others, even to those older than themselves.”（1934年1月，他发起了“小教师”运动，鼓励年轻学生为他人，甚至比自己年长的人担任教师。）可知，陶行知要求年轻学生在运动中教导其他人。故选D。 4. 主旨大意题。根据“Teachers are often considered to be engineers of the human soul.”并结合全文可知，本文主要介绍了陶行知与他的教育生活。故选A。 2 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 18 / 18 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit 2 Great ideas 伟大思想（新教材沪教版） 单元阅读精练 版块 语篇 题型 体裁 词数 内容简介 时文阅读 Passage A 阅读理解单选 人物记叙文 约 586 讲述古腾堡发明金属活字印刷机，廉价书籍普及，打破知识垄断，深刻推动文艺复兴与现代教育 Passage B 阅读理解单选 人物记叙文 约 591 介绍哥白尼提出日心说，伽利略观测佐证，颠覆传统地心观念，为现代天文学奠定基础 真题示例 Passage1 中考阅读单选 人物记叙文 约 360 达尔文放弃学医，环球航行观察动植物，提出生物进化论，《物种起源》影响后世自然科学 Passage2 中考阅读单选 人物记叙文 约 320 孔子学院武术教师刘伟创新教学，利用影视片段授课，传播武术与中华传统文化，搭建中外文化桥梁 模拟演练 Passage1 模拟阅读单选 人物记叙文 约 330 儿童作家乔安娜・科尔从小热爱写作与科学，创作《神奇校车》系列，用趣味文字启发孩子科学思维 Passage2 模拟阅读单选 人物记叙文 约 340 文学家韩愈推崇儒学，被贬潮州后教化百姓，思想长久影响当地文化，后人修建韩愈纪念馆纪念他 Passage3 模拟阅读单选 人物记叙文 约 400 珍妮・古道尔远赴非洲研究黑猩猩，发现动物会使用工具、拥有情感，推动全球野生动物保护事业 Passage4 模拟阅读单选 人物记叙文 约 380 教育家陶行知摒弃西式僵化教育，提出生活即教育理念，兴办师范院校、发起小先生运动普及平民教育 · Imagination is more important than knowledge. – Albert Einstein (想象力比知识更为重要。—— 阿尔伯特・爱因斯坦) · Genius is one per cent inspiration, ninety-nine per cent perspiration. – Thomas Edison (天才是百分之一的灵感，加上百分之九十九的汗水。—— 托马斯・爱迪生) · Logic will get you from A to B. Imagination will take you everywhere. – Albert Einstein (逻辑只能带你从 A 走到 B，想象力却能带你去往任何地方。—— 阿尔伯特・爱因斯坦) · Creativity is just connecting things. – Steve Jobs (创意，不过是把不同事物联系起来。—— 史蒂夫・乔布斯) · Necessity is the mother of invention. – Plato (需求是发明之母。—— 柏拉图) · The difficulty lies not in new ideas, but in escaping old ones. – John Maynard Keynes (困难不在于产生新想法，而在于摆脱旧思维。—— 约翰・梅纳德・凯恩斯) · Innovation distinguishes between a leader and a follower. – Steve Jobs (创新，区分了引领者与跟随者。—— 史蒂夫・乔布斯) · Inspiration exists, but it has to find you working. – Pablo Picasso (灵感确实存在，但它只会光顾正在努力的人。—— 巴勃罗・毕加索) · Creativity is intelligence having fun. – Albert Einstein (创造力，就是智慧在享受思考的乐趣。—— 阿尔伯特・爱因斯坦) · What is now proved was once only imagined. – William Blake (如今被证实的一切，曾经都只是想象。—— 威廉・布莱克) · It is better to have enough ideas for some of them to be wrong, than to have no ideas at all. – Edward de Bono (宁可拥有许多想法，哪怕部分出错，也好过毫无想法。—— 爱德华・德博诺) · The important thing is not to stop questioning. – Albert Einstein (最重要的事，是永远不要停止发问。—— 阿尔伯特・爱因斯坦) Passage A Gutenberg’s Printing Press: The Idea That Spread Knowledge Source：National Geographic Kids, 2024-05-18 Before the 15th century, all books in Europe were hand-copied by monks. Making a single thick book took months, and books were extremely expensive. Only wealthy nobles and churches could afford them, so most ordinary people never learned to read. Johannes Gutenberg, a goldsmith from Germany, came up with a revolutionary great idea: movable metal type and a printing press powered by pressure. Gutenberg spent years testing metals to create durable letters that could be reused thousands of times. He combined this with oil-based ink and a modified wine press to build the world’s first practical printing machine. In 1455, he finished printing the Gutenberg Bible, the first mass-produced book in Western history. At first, many scholars doubted his idea. Some believed handwritten texts were more valuable and refused printed books. But the printing press spread quickly across Europe within decades. This single great idea broke the monopoly of knowledge held by the upper class. More affordable books appeared everywhere, pushing more people to learn reading and writing. Scientists, philosophers and reformers could share their thoughts widely instead of keeping ideas locked in private libraries. The printing press laid the foundation for the Renaissance, the Reformation and modern education. Even today, its core idea—copying information quickly and cheaply—still influences newspapers, digital documents and online media. It proves that one creative thought can rewrite the whole course of human civilization. 长难句解析 原句： （第二段第一句）Gutenberg spent years testing metals to create durable letters that could be reused thousands of times. 译文：古腾堡花费数年试验各类金属，打造出能够重复使用数千次的耐用活字。 分析：本句为主从复合句。spend time (in) doing sth 固定搭配；to create durable letters 为不定式作目的状语；that 引导定语从句，先行词为 letters。 译文 古腾堡印刷机：传播知识的伟大构想 来源：National Geographic Kids, 2024-05-18 15 世纪之前，欧洲所有书籍都由修士手工抄写。制作一本厚重的书需要数月时间，书籍价格极其昂贵。只有富有的贵族与教堂能负担得起，因此大多数普通人从未学会读书写字。来自德国的金匠约翰内斯・古腾堡提出了一个具有革命性的伟大构想：金属活字印刷术以及压力驱动的印刷机。 古腾堡花费数年试验各类金属，打造出能够重复使用数千次的耐用活字。他将活字与油性油墨、改良后的葡萄酒压榨机相结合，造出了世界上第一台实用印刷设备。1455 年，他印制完成《古腾堡圣经》，这是西方历史上首部批量印刷的书籍。起初，许多学者质疑他的想法，部分人认为手抄文本更有价值，拒绝使用印刷书籍。但短短数十年间，印刷机迅速传遍整个欧洲。 这一项伟大构想打破了上层阶级对知识的垄断。价格亲民的书籍随处可见，促使更多人学习读写。科学家、哲学家与改革者得以广泛传播思想，不再将观点禁锢在私人藏书馆中。印刷机为文艺复兴、宗教改革与现代教育奠定了基础。即便到今天，它的核心理念 —— 快速、低成本复制信息 —— 依旧影响着报纸、电子文档与网络媒介。这证明，一个富有创造力的想法足以改写人类文明的整个进程。 Passage B The Idea of Heliocentrism: Rewriting Human View of the Universe Source：The New York Times Upfront, 2023-12-09 For over one thousand years, people firmly believed the Earth stood at the center of the universe. This geocentric idea was supported by religion and respected ancient scholars, and anyone who questioned it was seen as wrong or even dangerous. In the 16th century, Polish astronomer Nicolaus Copernicus raised a shocking great idea: the Earth and all other planets move around the Sun, not the other way around. Copernicus spent over 30 years collecting star data and calculating planet orbits. He feared public anger and church punishment, so he only published his book On the Revolutions of the Heavenly Spheres right before his death. At first, almost all experts refused his theory. They argued that if the Earth moved, people would feel strong wind and falling objects would fly sideways. Later, Galileo used a self-made telescope to find clear evidence, such as the moons around Jupiter, to support Copernicus’s great idea. Galileo suffered heavy pressure for defending the sun-centered system, but more scientists kept researching and adding proof. Step by step, the old geocentric belief faded away. This great idea completely changed humanity’s understanding of space. It taught people to trust observation and logical calculation instead of old fixed beliefs. It also opened the door for modern astronomy, space exploration and physics. Centuries later, this once-ridiculed idea reminds us that the most powerful great ideas often challenge what everyone takes for granted. 长难句解析 原句： （第一段第二句）This geocentric idea was supported by religion and respected ancient scholars, and anyone who questioned it was seen as wrong or even dangerous. 译文：这种地心说得到宗教与知名古代学者的推崇，任何质疑它的人都会被视作异类，甚至危险分子。 分析：本句由 and 连接两个并列被动句。who questioned it 是定语从句，先行词为 anyone，修饰限定 “质疑地心说的人”。 译文 日心说：重塑人类对宇宙的认知 Source：The New York Times Upfront, 2023-12-09 一千多年来，人们坚定认为地球是宇宙的中心。这种地心说得到宗教与知名古代学者的推崇，任何质疑它的人都会被视作异类，甚至危险分子。16 世纪，波兰天文学家尼古拉・哥白尼提出了一个颠覆世人的伟大观点：地球和其他所有行星都围绕太阳运转，而非太阳绕地球转动。 哥白尼耗费三十余年收集星体数据、计算行星运行轨道。他惧怕民众的愤怒与教会的惩处，因此直到临终前才出版著作《天体运行论》。起初，几乎所有学者都否定他的理论。他们声称，如果地球在转动，人类会感受到狂风，下落的物体也会向侧面偏移。后来，伽利略利用自制望远镜找到了确凿证据，例如木星的卫星，以此佐证哥白尼的伟大构想。 伽利略因捍卫日心说承受了巨大压力，但更多科学家持续研究，不断补充佐证。久而久之，陈旧的地心观念逐渐消亡。这一伟大观点彻底改变了人类对太空的认知。它教会人们相信观测与逻辑推演，而非固守陈旧定论，也为现代天文学、太空探索和物理学打开了大门。数百年后，这个曾经饱受嘲讽的观点提醒我们：最具影响力的伟大思想，往往会挑战所有人习以为常的认知。 1. Every amazing change in human history starts with a simple but powerful great idea. (人类历史上每一次惊人变革，都始于一个简单却极具力量的伟大想法。) 2. A creative thought can break old rules and open a brand-new world for mankind. (一个富有创意的想法能够打破旧规，为人类开辟全新的天地。) 3. Great ideas do not come easily; they grow from constant observation and deep thinking. (伟大的想法来之不易，它们诞生于持续的观察与深度思考。) 4. We should dare to question common beliefs if we want to produce valuable new ideas. (若想产出有价值的新思想，我们要敢于质疑大众公认的固有认知。) 5. Even a tiny creative idea has the power to rewrite the development of society. (哪怕一个微小的创意，也拥有改写社会发展进程的力量。) 6. Curiosity is the key that unlocks all kinds of great ideas in our daily life. (好奇心是一把钥匙，能解锁生活中各式各样伟大的构想。) 7. It takes courage to stick to your own idea when most people choose to doubt it. (当大多数人质疑你的想法时，坚持己见需要莫大的勇气。) 8. Many world-changing ideas were once laughed at and considered impossible at first. (许多改变世界的构想，起初都遭到嘲笑，被认为根本无法实现。) 9. Communication and discussion help us turn small thoughts into great ideas. (交流与探讨能帮助我们把零碎的小想法打磨成伟大的构想。) 10. Without creative ideas, there would be no invention, no progress and no bright future. (没有创新思想，就没有发明创造，没有社会进步，更没有光明的未来。) 11. Great ideas serve people and solve real problems instead of staying empty in minds. (伟大的想法服务于人、解决现实难题，而非只停留在空想之中。) 12. As students, we should keep an open mind to welcome new ideas and different opinions. (作为学生，我们应当保持开放心态，接纳新想法与不同观点。) 13. Hard work and repeated practice make our creative ideas turn into real achievements. (不懈努力与反复实践，才能让我们的创意落地，变成实实在在的成就。) 14. One great idea can connect people from different ages and change the whole world together. (一个伟大的构想能够跨越时代联结众人，共同改变整个世界。) 15. Never ignore your sudden inspiration, for it may become a life-changing great idea. (不要忽视脑海中突如其来的灵感，它或许会成为改变人生的伟大构想。) Passage 1 （2022·广东广州·中考真题）Charles DarwinEarly years Charles Darwin was one of the six children from a big family. His grandfather and father were doctors and the young Darwin went to Edinburgh University to study medicine. However, he hated to see blood and he soon realized that he couldn’t be a doctor. He then went to Cambridge University and discovered that he had a great interest in studying plants, insects and animals. Luckily, one of Darwin’s university teachers helped him, join the perfect trip for a biologist: a voyage around the world to study nature.The Beagle In 1831, Charles Darwin left Plymouth on The Beagle, a ship that took him around the world for five years. While he was travelling, he studied the plants and animals in the countries and on the islands that the ship visited. Darwin also spent his time on The Beagle writing notes about the things he had seen. When he finally arrived back in Britain, Darwin was already starting to create his famous theory that all living things had a common ancestor (祖先).Down house At home at Down House, a place that you can still visit today, Darwin wrote many articles and books about his travels, but he didn’t want to make anything about his theory known to the public. He worked in his study, where he wrote 250,000 words about his theory of evolution (进化论), but he was frightened about what people might say about his idea that monkeys were the ancestors of humans. He thought the public would be against it and was so frightened that he became ill with worry. However, when another scientist started to write about similar ideas, Darwin decided to print his book, On the Origin of Species. Most scientists accepted Darwin’s theory and people continue to study it today. On 12th February, the day he was born, Darwin Day is celebrated around the world to encourage more people to study the natural world. 1．What caused Darwin to give up his study of medicine? A．He didn’t like seeing blood. B．He found the studies too difficult. C．He was pushed to give up by his family. D．He was advised to study natural science. 2．Why was the trip on The Beagle important to Darwin? A．It helped him to finish his study at the university. B．It allowed him to change his mind about his future. C．It gave him ideas about the beginnings of human life. D．It got him to complete his most famous book on the ship. 3．In what order did the following happen in Darwin’s life? a. He arrived back in Britain in 1836. b. He thought the public would not support his ideas. c. He became interested in studying the natural world. d. He printed his famous book, On the Origin of Species. e. He received help to get a place on a trip around the world. f. He studied the plants and animals on the islands he visited. A．e→f→c→a→b→d B．c→e→f→a→b→d C．e→f→a→c→d→b D．c→e→f→d→a→b 4．Why did the writer include the last paragraph? A．To introduce Darwin’s famous book. B．To tell how people celebrate Darwin Day. C．To explain why people accept Darwin’s ideas. D．To show Darwin’s influence on natural science. 一、重难词汇（12 个） biologist /baɪˈɒlədʒɪst/n. 生物学家 voyage /ˈvɔɪɪdʒ/n. 远航，海上航行 ancestor /ˈænsestə(r)/n. 祖先，始祖 evolution /ˌiːvəˈluːʃn/n. 进化；演变 theory /ˈθɪəri/n. 理论，学说 species /ˈspiːʃiːz/n. 物种（单复数同形） origin /ˈɒrɪdʒɪn/n. 起源，本源 similar /ˈsɪmələ(r)/adj. 相似的，相仿的 frightened /ˈfraɪtnd/adj. 恐惧的，忧心忡忡的 natural /ˈnætʃrəl/adj. 自然界的；天然的 encourage /ɪnˈkʌrɪdʒ/v. 鼓励，激励 celebrate /ˈselɪbreɪt/v. 庆祝；颂扬 二、长难句解析 原句：（第三段第二句）He worked in his study, where he wrote 250,000 words about his theory of evolution, but he was frightened about what people might say about his idea that monkeys were the ancestors of humans. 译文：他在书房中伏案写作，写下 25 万字阐述进化论，可他十分害怕民众对 “人类由猴子演化而来” 这一观点的评价。 分析：本句为并列复合句。where 引导非限制性定语从句，修饰 study；what 引导宾语从句，作介词 about 的宾语；句末 that 引导同位语从句，解释说明 idea 的具体内容。 Passage 2 （2025·宁夏·中考真题）Liu Wei is a Confucius Institute (孔子学院) kung fu teacher at the University of Sierra Leone (塞拉利昂). To help his students learn kung fu well, Liu puts lots of effort into researching and improving his teaching methods. He teaches martial arts (武术) in a creative way, making learning more enjoyable. Liu Wei’s students were introduced to kung fu through movies and TV shows. Kung fu movies and TV shows are very popular among them. That’s where Liu Wei has got his new ideas of teaching. He uses movie clips (片段) in class to help students learn kung fu better. “Martial arts classes should not be just about martial arts skills,” Liu said. He also teaches students the Chinese language and other knowledge he considers necessary for their overall martial arts development. He encourages his students to take part in all kinds of cultural exchange (交流) activities, including martial arts performances and traditional Chinese festivals. “I used to think kung fu was just for movies. Now I have a better understanding of its spirit,” one of Liu’s students, Georgiana, said. After meeting Liu, many students expressed a strong wish to visit China. So far, Liu has taught nearly 1,000 students. “In the future, I want to build a ‘martial arts bridge’ between China and Sierra Leone,” he said. “I hope more and more people come to China to enjoy the beauty of rich Chinese culture.” 1. How does Liu Wei make his martial arts classes more enjoyable? A．By taking part in TV shows. B．By using movie clips in class. C．By celebrating Chinese festivals. D．By making movies about kung fu. 2. What is Liu Wei like according to the passage? A．Shy and strict. B．Kind and humorous. C．Honest and old-fashioned. D．Creative and hard-working. 3. What can we learn from the passage? A．Georgiana became a kung fu star after meeting Liu Wei. B．Liu Wei puts lots of efforts into spreading Chinese culture. C．Liu Wei seldom cares about students’ overall development. D．Liu Wei’s students knew about kung fu after visiting China. 4. Which can be a suitable title for the passage? A．The Beauty of Chinese Culture B．Chinese Movies and Kung Fu Learning C．A Martial Arts Teacher in Sierra Leone D．Traditional Chinese Festivals in Sierra Leone 一、重难词汇（12 个） institute /ˈɪnstɪtjuːt/n. 学院；机构 effort /ˈefət/n. 努力 method /ˈmeθəd/n. 方法，教学法 martial /ˈmɑːʃl/adj. 武术的；军事的 creative /kriˈeɪtɪv/adj. 有创意的，创新的 clip /klɪp/n. 片段，剪辑 overall /ˌəʊvərˈɔːl/adj. 全面的，整体的 exchange /ɪksˈtʃeɪndʒ/n. & v. 交流，交换 performance /pəˈfɔːməns/n. 表演，演出 express /ɪkˈspres/v. 表达 spirit /ˈspɪrɪt/n. 精神，内涵 nearly /ˈnɪəli/adv. 几乎，将近 二、长难句解析 原句：（第二段第四句）He also teaches students the Chinese language and other knowledge he considers necessary for their overall martial arts development. 译文：他还教学生汉语以及其他他认为对学生武术全面发展必不可少的知识。 分析：本句为主从复合句。主句采用双宾语结构 teach sb sth；he considers necessary 是省略关系代词 that 的定语从句，修饰先行词 knowledge。 Passage 1 （2024·广东广州·二模）Joanna Cole, born on August 11, 1944 in Newark, New Jersey, has been considered to be one of the most popular children’s authors of all time. She has written over 250 books and is famous for writing one of the most popular children’s book series. She knew as early as 5th grade that she was interested in writing and science. Cole’s passion (激情) came mostly from one of her elementary school teachers. Joanna Cole continued her education by attending the University of Massachusetts and Indiana. She would eventually earn a bachelor’s degree in psychology from the City College of New York in 1967. After graduation Cole decided to take some education courses to become a librarian at a Brooklyn elementary school in 1967. Finally, she would take jobs working for Newsweek, Seesaw book club. Cole’s passion for writing and science was still alive and well during this time. In 1971, she decided to write her first book, Cockroaches. She did some research and discovered there had never been a book written for children about cockroaches. So she thought she would be the first. Cole became successful when she wrote the first Magic School Bus in 1985. The book would go on to be published the following year and quickly became book series and cartoon series due to its success. Cole continued to write both non-fiction and fiction books for children. She writes in a way that will hopefully inspire children to think like a scientist. She does this by writing ideas instead of just facts. She also tries to ask questions in her books that require children to think and discover the answers as they read. This creates an engaging experience for children, so it is no wonder why younger readers are interested in her books. 1. Who greatly influenced Joanna Cole’s passion for writing? A．Her parents. B．One of her college teachers. C．One of her classmates. D．One of her elementary school teachers. 2. What do we know about Joanna Cole? A．She is an expert at getting science across to readers. B．She has made great contributions to science. C．She writes novels not only for kids but for adults. D．She is the most famous woman writer in America. 3. What does the underlined word “this” in paragraph 5 refer to? A．Writing a lot of facts in her books . B．Inspiring children to think like a scientist. C．Writing both non-fiction and fiction books for children. D．Asking questions in her books that require children to think. 4. In what order did the following happen to Cole? a. Her first Magic School Bus were published. b. She become a librarian at a Brooklyn elementary school. c. She wrote her first book, Cockroaches. d. She became interested in writing and science. e. She got a a bachelor’s degree in psychology. A．d→e→c→b→a B．c→d→e→a→b C．d→e→b→c→a D．c→a→b→e→d Passage 2 （2024·广东广州·一模） After entering the main gate of the Han Yu Memorial Hall, you’ll find a stone road. At the end of it, there are 51 steps leading to a temple in the mountain. Why do visitors need to climb such long steps? It is said that Han Yu was 51 years old when he arrived in Chaozhou. Han Yu was a famous writer and thinker in ancient China. He was born in 768 AD in Henan. Han Yu was good at writing poetry and prose, and he also spent his lifetime spreading Neo-Confucianism (新儒学). Han Yu’s parents died when he was young and he had to face many challenges alone. He tried to take the national exams, known as “Keju” in Chinese, but failed. After trying many times, he did succeed in the end and rose to be a trusted official. At that time, Confucianism was losing its influence, but Han Yu still strongly believed in it. He even wrote a letter to the emperor in 819 AD to tell him that it was wrong to be against Confucian beliefs. The emperor didn’t like what Han Yu said, so Han Yu was sent away to Chaozhou for a year. Chaozhou was faraway and few people lived there at that time. That punishment led to the story between Han Yu and Chaozhou. He brought his Confucian beliefs there and did many things to change local people’s lives. Therefore, many people thought highly of him. They respected his teachings, and even after he left, they kept studying them. Even today, they still see Han Yu as an important part of their culture. In front of the Han Yu Memorial Hall, the statue of Han Yu faces the ancient city, as if he has been watching over Chaozhou and never left. In fact, Han Yu’s ideas didn’t just stay in Chaozhou. They spread all over China. People still read his books and study his thoughts. 1. According to the passage, why are there 51 steps leading to the temple? A．To encourage visitors to climb the mountain. B．To memorize Han Yu’s age a she reached Chaozhou. C．To show that 51isa lucky number for Chaozhou. D．To show the number of years Han Yu lived in Chouzhou. 2. In what order did the following events happen in Han Yu’s life? a. Han Yu disagreed with what the emperor did. b. Han Yu lost his parents and led a hard life. c. People in Chaozhou learned from Han Yu’s teachings. d. HanYu succeeded in the national exam. e. HanYu was forced to move to Chaozhou. A．b-a-d-e-c B．b-d-a-e-c C．d-b-e-a-c D．d-a-b-c-e 3. What does “That punishment” in paragraph 4 refer to? A．Han Yu was sent away to a faraway place. B．Han Yu was sent to prison by the emperor. C．Han Yu wasn’t an official anymore. D．Han Yu wasn’t allowed to teach Confucianism. 4. What can we know about Han Yu from the passage? A．The statue of Han Yu was built in order to welcome visitors. B．He got the emperor angry by writing a poem. C．He had a great influence on Chaozhou. D．He never left Chaozhou since he arrived there. Passage 3 （2024·广东广州·一模）Jane Goodall was born in England, on April 3, 1934. At eight, Jane was attracted by the Dr. Dolitle books and dreamed of living with the animals in Africa. After finishing school, Jane took on a few jobs including waitressing and working for a film company. She saved every cent for her goal. At 23, she left for Kenya in Africa. There she met the famous scientist Dr. Louis, who offered her a job in a nature reserve. Dr. Louis believed Jane was the right person to study the chimpanzees because she had great interest in animals and nature and knew a lot about them. Dr. Louis found Jane hadn’t received formal training at school, but this was an advantage because she wouldn’t be influenced by traditional thoughts. So Dr. Louis decided to send her to the Gombe Stream Game Reserve (GSGR) to study wild chimpanzees. In 1960, Jane arrived at the GSGR. The early weeks there were hard. Jane had a serious fever. After getting well, she was challenged by terrible local environment. Thick trees and bushes made it difficult for her to go through the reserve. And often she hiked hundreds of miles without seeing a chimpanzee. Even when some chimpanzees were found, they ran away in fear. Later, Jane learned to communicate with them. Finally, an older chimp accepted Jane and other group members also allowed her to watch them. With years of hard work, Jane made groundbreaking discoveries. Chimpanzees hunt for meat, use tools, and even make tools. And chimpanzees have feelings just like human beings. These findings made many scientists think that their old ideas about the animal might be wrong. After living in Gombe for many years, Jane began to worry because chimpanzees were losing their homes as a result of deforestation. Some people were even hunting them for food and experiments. She began travelling, asking people to save the chimpanzees and forests. In 1977, she founded the Jane Goodall Institute (JGI), a global conservation organization. Later, the organization launched programs which encourage young people around the world to join in protecting the environment, wildlife, or their communities. Jane is still hard at work today. When she has time, she returns to her Gombe home. She walks into the forest and sits down quietly. She smiles as she watches the chimpanzees. 1. Which is the correct order of the following events about Jane? a. Jane worked for Dr. Louis in Kenya. b. Jane fell in love with animals in Africa. c. Jane made money to achieve her goal. d. Jane took actions on wildlife protection. e. Jane made surprising findings about chimpanzees. f. Jane met difficulties when studying chimpanzees in GSGR. A．b→c→a→e→d→f B．b→c→a→f→e→d C．c→b→f→a→e→d D．c→b→f→d→a→e 2. Why was Jane chosen to study further on chimpanzees in GSGR? A．Because of her working experience in Kenya. B．Because of her rich knowledge about nature. C．Because of her great love for animals. D．Because of her open mind about animals. 3. What might people believe about chimpanzees before Jane’s discovery? A．They eat plants but not meat. B．They are smart enough to make tools. C．They can use a long stick to hunt. D．They smile when they are happy. 4. Which best describes Jane Goodall? A．Creative and calm. B．Talented and quiet. C．Strong-willed and patient. D．Helpful and confident. Passage 4 （2023·广东广州·二模） Teachers are often considered to be engineers of the human soul. They are expected to spread knowledge, ideas and truth. There’s one person in China who is called the “teacher of teachers”. He is Tao Xingzhi, a Chinese educator. Tao was born in Anhui province, China, in 1891. Later he studied abroad for educational philosophy. When Tao returned to China in 1917 and began his own career as an educator, he did not blindly follow western education methods or theories. In fact, he changed the saying of “Education is life itself” to “Life is education”. Similarly, instead of “school as society”, he saw it as “society as school”. For Tao, education is an active experience in real-life instead of telling and being told. He supported “unity of teaching, learning, and reflective (反思的) acting”. Besides developing education methods, Tao also tried his best to improve “mass education”. After doing surveys in Beijing, Tianjin and Shanghai in 1921, Tao was surprised to learn that in China more than 70% of the people in the city didn’t know how to read or write. He wanted to change the situation. To solve the problem, Tao organized young workers and farmers to study while working. To deal with the shortage of teachers and money, in 1927, Tao set up Xiaozhuang Normal College in Nanjing to train teachers and educators, most of whom became teachers at schools in the countryside. In January 1934, he started the “Little Teacher” movement in which young students were encouraged to serve as teachers to others, even to those older than themselves. Under Tao’s guidance, over 18,000 “little teachers” were invited in Shanghai within 10 months. It later included 28 provinces and cities as a key nationwide education movement. Even in the fight against the Japanese army, Tao never forgot his dream. He founded a middle school in Chongqing and offered free education to poor children. Maybe Tao’s motto is the best explanation for his life. “Giving a whole heart, yet taking nothing in return, not even a leaf of grass.” 1. What is the correct order of Tao Xingzhi’s life experience? a. He did surveys in different places in China. b. He went abroad to study educational philosophy. c. He began to build colleges to train teachers and educators. d. He called on young students to be teachers to others in need. e. He returned to China and started his own career as an educator. A．a-c-b-d-e B．b-e-a-c-d C．a-e-d-c-b D．b-c-e-a-d 2. What does the underlined words “mass education” mean in the text? A．Education for poor workers. B．Education for young children. C．Education for ordinary people. D．Education for kids with great talent. 3. According to the passage, what did Tao Xingzhi do to help people read and write? A．He built a normal college to train workers and farmers. B．He set up a middle school in Nanjing for poor children. C．He encouraged people to fight against the Japanese army. D．He asked young students to teach others in the movement. 4. What is the main idea of the passage? A．Tao Xingzhi and his educational life. B．How Tao Xingzhi studied philosophy. C．Tao Xingzhi loved leading movements. D．Tao Xingzhi and his teaching at school. 2 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 14 / 14 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $