Unit 2 Great ideas 单元培优卷-2026-2027学年九年级上学期英语（沪教版）

**基本信息** 沪教版九年级上学期Unit 2单元培优卷，以“Great ideas”为主题，通过科学故事、生活情境及跨文化素材，融合语言能力与思维品质培养，如Archimedes原理探究、AI幽默理解等真实情境提升综合应用能力。 **题型特征** |题型|题量/分值|知识覆盖|命题特色| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |语法填空|10题10分|动词时态、固定搭配|以Archimedes发现故事为载体，考查语法在语境中的应用| |阅读理解|4篇46分|信息匹配、推理判断|含AI幽默研究等科技前沿素材，设开放性问题（如AI幽默看法）培养批判性思维| |写作|1题10分|应用文写作|针对手机使用与父母沟通的真实问题，引导情感表达与策略建议，提升语言输出与交际能力|

Unit 2 Great ideas 单元培优卷-2026-2027学年9年级上学期英语（沪教版） Part 2 Grammar and Vocabulary 第二部分 语法与词汇 II. Grammar Cloze (语法填空) (共10题，每题1分，共10分) Read the passage and choose the best answer for each blank. Archimedes, a legendary genius from ancient Greece, once received a challenging request from the king. The monarch suspected that his new golden crown had been cheated, as he was far from ___1___ with the craftsman's reputation. To uncover the truth, Archimedes needed a method to determine whether the crown was pure gold without damaging it. For days, he struggled with this puzzle until a simple daily routine sparked a brilliant idea. One afternoon, as Archimedes lowered himself into a fully filled bath, he noticed that a significant amount of water ___2___ over the edge. In that flash of insight, he realized that the volume of an irregular object could be measured precisely by the water it displaced. He was so thrilled that he ran straight to the palace naked, shouting "Eureka!" His experiment was straightforward yet revolutionary. He first placed a pure gold bar of equal weight into a container ___3___ water and carefully collected the overflow. Afterwards, he replaced the bar with the crown. The crown ___4___ more water, proving that it was not solid gold because a mixture of lighter metals occupies more space. This discovery ___5___ a powerful weapon against dishonesty. Without this principle, the craftsman might have continued his deception. The king, satisfied with the evidence, punished the liar immediately. This story illustrates that creative thinking can solve complex problems. Today, Archimedes' principle ___6___ widely in ship design to ensure vessels float safely. It is one of the most practical achievements in physics. Facing difficulties, we should learn to observe carefully rather than ___7___ give up. If Archimedes had ignored the overflowing water, the truth might never ___8___ discovered. So, whenever you encounter a tough situation, remember to take a moment and think differently. Your solution might be closer than you imagine. A wise philosopher once said that our greatest weapon against ignorance is patient understanding, and ___9___ is more powerful than a curious mind. Therefore, develop your sense of observation, ___10___ you will unlock countless possibilities in your life. 1. A. satisfying B. satisfied C. satisfaction 2. A. running B. has run C. ran 3. A. full with B. filled of C. filled with 4. A. displaced B. displaces C. has displaced 5. A. provided B. was providing C. has provided 6. A. applies B. is applied C. has applied 7. A. simply B. simple C. simplicity 8. A. have been B. been C. having been 9. A. nothing B. something C. anything 10. A. but B. or C. and III. Five Choices for Four Blanks (五选四) (共2篇，每篇4分，共8分) (A) Choose the four correct words from the box to fill in the blanks. however achievement brightly reduce trust Have you ever felt nervous before giving a speech? Many people experience this fear. You can ___1___ this anxiety through consistent practice. First, prepare your material thoroughly and learn it by heart. Then, practice in front of a mirror. Speak ___2___ and clearly to build your confidence. Remember that every small step forward is a significant ___3___. Your audience wants you to succeed, so ___4___ that they are on your side. With enough preparation, your nervousness will gradually disappear. (B) Choose the four correct words from the box to fill in the blanks. exactly pleasure pale reject obey Young children often learn by imitating adults. They watch how we behave and follow our examples. A parent who reads books every day encourages their child to ___1___ the same habit. When children make mistakes, we should not ___2___ their efforts harshly. Instead, we can explain ___3___ what went wrong and guide them towards improvement. Watching a child grow and learn is a true ___4___. Our patience today shapes their confidence for tomorrow. IV. Word Transformation (用所给单词的适当形式填空) (共8题，每题1分，共8分) Read the passage and fill in the blanks with the correct forms of the given words. The Boy Who Harnessed the Wind William Kamkwamba, from a small village in Malawi, proved that determination can overcome any obstacle. After a severe drought destroyed his family's crops, he was forced to drop out of school because they could not afford the tuition. However, William's (1) _______ (curious) did not disappear. He spent his days at the local library, teaching (2) _______ (he) physics and energy principles from old textbooks. His (3) _______ (amaze) idea was to build a windmill to pump water for his family's fields. Villagers laughed at him, calling him foolish. But William remained (4) _______ (hope). He collected (5) _______ (use) materials like tractor fans, plastic pipes, and a broken bicycle. After many (6) _______ (fail) attempts, the young inventor finally succeeded. His windmill generated (7) _______ (electric) , bringing light to his home for the first time. News of his (8) _______ (ordinary) achievement spread across the world. William's story teaches us that poverty can block your path, but it should never destroy your dreams. V. Complete the Dialogue (补全对话) (共5题，每题2分，共10分) Situation: Linda and Emma are having a conversation about saving money. Linda: Hi Emma! Saving money is a good habit for the future, _______1_______? (附加疑问句) Emma: Of course it is! Many students learn to manage their pocket money. Linda: That’s right. _______2_______? (用一般疑问句提问) Emma: Yes, I am! I am now trying to save some money from my pocket money every week. Linda: Wow, that’s great! ________3________? (针对用零花钱做什么提问) Emma: I usually put most of it in my piggy bank, and only spend a little on snacks. Linda: That’s really wise. Why do you keep saving so much? Emma: I save money ________4________. (补全目的状语从句) This is my plan for now. Linda: Oh! Your favourite books! I know you’ve wanted the books for a long time! ___________5___________! (感叹句，表达对计划的赞美) I should learn from you. Emma: Thanks. Managing money in the right way can _______6_______. (连词成句) ( in, make use of, help, our money, us, future, the) Linda: I totally agree with you. Part 3 Reading Comprehension 第三部分 阅读理解 VI. Reading Comprehension (4篇) A. Matching (信息匹配) (共5题，每题2分，共10分) Match each student's problem with the correct piece of advice. Problems Advice 1. My friends all use TikTok to share funny videos. They want me to join, but I'm shy. I'm afraid people will laugh at my videos. What should I do? 2. I spend hours watching short videos every evening. Before I know it, it's already 11 PM and I haven't finished my homework. How can I stop this bad habit? 3. My best friend just got a new smartphone. Now she's always playing games on it and doesn't talk to me much anymore. I miss our old conversations. What should I do? 4. Our teacher assigned a group project, but one member never joins our discussions. He always says "I'm busy" and disappears. The deadline is coming soon. Any advice? 5. During lunch break, everyone in my class just stares at their phones. Nobody talks to each other anymore. It feels silent and strange. How can I change this? A. You could start by recording videos just for yourself. Don't post them immediately. Practice speaking naturally in front of the camera. When you feel more confident, share your videos with one trusted friend first. Remember, everyone feels nervous at the beginning. B. Suggest a "screen-free hour" during lunch break. Invite your friends to play card games, draw together, or simply chat about your day. You could be the one to start this new tradition. Real conversations often feel more refreshing than digital ones. C. Why not create a schedule for yourself? Use an alarm to remind you when study time begins. Put your phone in another room while doing homework. You could also try app timers that lock your social media after a certain time. Small changes can lead to big results. D. Be honest and direct but kind. Tell her, "I really value our friendship and miss the time we spent talking." Propose an activity like baking cookies or taking a walk where phones are not allowed. A true friend will understand and make an effort. E. Have a private conversation with him first. Explain how his absence affects the whole team's progress. If nothing changes, politely inform your teacher about the situation. Teamwork requires everyone's effort, and it's okay to ask for help. B. Multiple Choice (阅读理解选择) (共6题，每题2分，共12分) Read the passage and choose the best answer for each question. The Comedy of Errors: A Lesson from Mark Twain The famous American writer Mark Twain was not only a literary genius but also a man with a remarkable sense of humour. However, his humour once got him into unexpected trouble during a lecture tour. One evening, Twain was scheduled to give a speech in a small town. He arrived at the hall early and saw only a few scattered people in the audience. The ticket seller told him that the attendance was disappointingly low. Instead of feeling upset, Twain decided to play a light joke. He asked the seller, "When the man with the golden ticket arrives, please show him to the front row." The seller looked confused. "Golden ticket? What golden ticket?" he asked. "Didn't you know?" Twain replied with a serious face. "I randomly selected one ticket buyer to receive a special golden ticket. That person will get a private meeting with me after the show and a signed first-edition book." The seller's eyes widened. He immediately rushed out and posted signs around the town announcing the "Golden Ticket" surprise. Within an hour, the hall was completely packed with excited people, all hoping they might be the lucky winner. Twain gave a wonderful performance, full of energy and humour, and the audience responded with thunderous applause. After the speech, a crowd gathered around Twain, waving their tickets and demanding to know who had the golden ticket. Twain had to admit the truth: there was no golden ticket. He had invented the whole story to fill the hall. Instead of getting angry, the audience burst into laughter, appreciating his cleverness. The evening became one of the most memorable events in that town's history. This story shows that sometimes, a creative solution can turn a potential failure into a brilliant success. 1. What was Mark Twain's initial problem before the lecture? A. He forgot his speech manuscript at home. B. The audience was much smaller than expected. C. The ticket seller refused to cooperate with him. D. He was feeling too tired to give a performance. 2. What does the underlined word "scattered" in paragraph 2 most likely mean? A. excited and noisy B. spread out and few C. young and energetic D. bored and sleepy 3. Why did the ticket seller rush to post signs around the town? A. To apologize for the low ticket sales. B. To announce that the lecture was cancelled. C. To attract more people with the golden ticket news. D. To warn people about Mark Twain's tricks. 4. How did the audience react when Twain told them the truth? A. They demanded their money back immediately. B. They felt angry and cheated by the writer. C. They found it amusing and laughed about it. D. They left the hall silently without saying a word. 5. What can be inferred about Mark Twain from this passage? A. He often forgot to prepare for his lectures. B. He preferred small, quiet audiences to large crowds. C. He was quick-thinking and good at solving problems creatively. D. He did not care about money or fame at all. 6. What is the main purpose of this passage? A. To advertise Mark Twain's books to readers. B. To explain how to become a successful writer. C. To tell an interesting story that illustrates a person's character. D. To prove that telling lies is sometimes acceptable. C. Cloze Test (完形填空) (共6题，每题2分，共12分) Read the passage and choose the best answer for each blank. Have you ever wondered why some people seem to bounce back from failure while others give up easily? The answer often lies in a concept called "resilience" (韧性). Resilience is not something you are born with; it is a skill that you can ___1___ over time. Take the story of Thomas Edison, for example. When he was trying to invent the light bulb, he failed thousands of times. A young reporter once asked him, "How does it feel to have ___2___ so many times?" Edison replied, "I have not failed. I have just found 10,000 ways that won't work." Instead of seeing each attempt as a defeat, he ___3___ it as a learning step. Resilient people share certain habits. First, they accept reality. They do not waste energy denying a difficult situation. Second, they hold a strong belief that life has meaning. This belief gives them the ___4___ to keep moving forward. Third, they are excellent at improvising (随机应变). When something unexpected happens, they find a creative way to __5___. So, how can you build your own resilience? Start by changing your inner voice. When you make a mistake, do not say, "I am so stupid." Instead, tell yourself, "That method didn't work. What can I try next?" This small shift in language can ___6___ your mindset from fixed to growing. Remember, the strongest people are not those who never fail, but those who never stop trying after failing. 1. A. lose B. develop C. ignore D. reject 2. A. succeeded B. tried C. failed D. practiced 3. A. regarded B. received C. reduced D. reminded 4. A. beauty B. strength C. weakness D. humour 5. A. give up B. run away C. adapt D. complain 6. A. transform B. transport C. transplant D. translate D. Question Answering (回答问题) (共6题，每题2分，共12分) Read the passage and answer the questions below. Can AI Truly Understand Humour? For decades, humour was considered a uniquely human ability. We laugh at jokes, puns, and funny stories. But can artificial intelligence (AI) learn to understand what makes something funny? Recent developments suggest the answer might be "yes, but not perfectly." Researchers at a university in California have developed an AI system named "Jester." They trained Jester using thousands of jokes and comedy scripts, along with recordings of live audience laughter. The AI learned to identify patterns in language that typically cause amusement. For example, it can recognize surprise endings, exaggeration, and absurd situations. When tested, Jester could predict with 75% accuracy whether a written joke would make humans laugh. However, Jester still struggles with cultural references and wordplay that require deep life experience. A joke about missing a bus might be funny to a commuter but meaningless to someone who has never used public transportation. Also, humour often relies on shared social knowledge. An AI that has never felt embarrassment cannot truly understand why slipping on a banana peel is funny. Despite these limitations, AI humour tools are already being used. Some companies employ them to test advertisements and make sure their messages are not accidentally funny. Others use them to help write engaging content for social media. A famous tech company recently announced a "humour filter" that suggests funnier ways to phrase your emails. So, can AI understand humour? The answer is complicated. It can recognize patterns associated with humour, but true understanding requires consciousness and emotion. For now, the ability to share a genuine laugh remains one of the things that makes us human. Questions: 1. Is artificial intelligence able to perfectly understand human humour according to the passage? ______________________________________________________________________________ 2. What did researchers name their AI system that studies humour? ______________________________________________________________________________ 3. How accurately can Jester predict whether a joke will make humans laugh? ______________________________________________________________________________ 4. Why does the AI struggle with jokes about missing a bus? ______________________________________________________________________________ 5.What are two ways that companies currently use AI humour tools? ______________________________________________________________________________ 6. Do you think it is a good thing for AI to learn humour? Why or why not? (Write about 30 words) ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ Part 4 Writing 第四部分 写作 (共18分) VII. Chinese to English Translation (中译英) (共4题，每题2分，共8分) Translate the following sentences into English. 1. 这位著名的哲学家拒绝接受那些陈旧的观点，并追求真理。 ______________________________________________________________________________ 2. 保持均衡的饮食和定期的锻炼对青少年来讲至关重要。 ______________________________________________________________________________ 3. 当我陷入困境时，是我的幽默感帮助我摆脱了绝望。 ______________________________________________________________________________ 4. 在发言之前，你应该把你的想法清楚地传达给听众。 ______________________________________________________________________________ VIII. Writing (作文) (10分) 假设你是李华，你英国笔友Tom写信说他最近因为长时间使用手机而和父母发生了争吵，他感到既生气又困惑。请你给他写一封回信，谈谈你对合理使用手机的看法，并给他一些与父母沟通的建议。 要点提示： 1.表示理解他的感受； 2.分析长时间使用手机的弊端（至少两点）； 3.提出与父母沟通的具体建议（至少两点）； 4.表达祝愿。 要求： 1.邮件格式正确，语句通顺，逻辑清晰； 2.包含所有要点，可适当发挥； 3.词数80左右（开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数）。 Dear Tom, I’m sorry to hear that you argued with your parents about phone use. I understand how you feel.____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Best wishes, Li Hua II 1-5 BCCAC 6-10 ABABC III.Answers: 1. reduce 2. brightly 3. achievement 4. trust Answers: 1. obey 2. reject 3. exactly 4. pleasure IV.Answers: 1. curiosity (名词形式) 2. himself (反身代词) 3. amazing (动词→形容词，修饰物) 4. hopeful (名词→形容词) 5. used （用过的） 6. failed (动词→形容词，过去分词作定语) 7. electricity (形容词→名词) 8. extraordinary（非凡的） V【答案】1. isn’t it 2. Are you saving money 3. What do you do with your pocket money 4. so that I can buy my favourite books 5. What a great plan 6. help us make use of our money in the future VI阅读理解 A篇: 1-A, 2-C, 3-D, 4-E, 5-B B篇: 1-B, 2-B, 3-C, 4-C, 5-C, 6-C C篇: 1-B, 2-C, 3-A, 4-B, 5-C, 6-A D篇 1: No, it isn't. / No, it cannot understand it perfectly. 2: They named it "Jester." 3: It can predict with 75% accuracy. 4: Because it lacks deep life experience and has never used public transportation as a commuter. 5: 1) To test advertisements to ensure they are not accidentally funny. 2) To help write engaging content for social media. / To suggest funnier ways to phrase emails. 6 (Sample): I think it's acceptable as long as it helps people, but it shouldn't replace real human connection. Humour is personal and emotional. AI can assist, but true laughter comes from shared feelings, not just patterns. VII 1: This famous philosopher rejected those old ideas and sought the truth. 2: Keeping a balanced diet and taking regular exercise are essential for teenagers. 3: When I was in trouble, my sense of humour helped me get rid of despair. 4: Before giving a speech, you should get your ideas across to the audience clearly. VIII 作文范文 Dear Tom, I'm sorry to hear that you argued with your parents about phone use. I understand how you feel. However, spending too much time on phones every day is truly harmful. First, it hurts your eyes badly and causes headaches. Second, it influences your study negatively and wastes time. Parents just care about you. Why not communicate with them politely? You can make a reasonable plan together and listen to their advice carefully. Show them you can control yourself. Understanding each other is the key. I hope you will get on well with them soon and focus on study. Best wishes, Li Hua 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $