专题08 六选四之微观角度考查句子衔接（复习讲义）（上海专用）2027年高考英语一轮复习讲练测

该高中英语高考复习讲义聚焦六选四句子衔接微观考点，涵盖结构、逻辑、词汇、指代衔接四大核心，按命题规律-思维建模-考点精讲-真题训练系统架构，通过考点梳理、方法指导、真题演练环节，帮助学生构建衔接分析框架，提升语言理解与表达能力。 资料创新采用分类突破策略，如结构衔接先匹配句式格式再分析语义，逻辑衔接标记连词判断关系，培养思维品质与学习能力。设置真题与名校试题分层练习，配合即时反馈，确保高效突破难点，为教师把控复习节奏、提升学生应考能力提供有力支撑。

专题08 六选四之微观角度考查句子衔接 内容导航 01 命题透视·考情前瞻 对标素养，研判高考命题趋势 02 思维建模·脉络梳理 搭建知识框架，构建系统思维 03 考点精讲·靶向突破 拆解核心考点，归纳解题范式 考点聚焦 从内容细节微观角度考查句子衔接 知识解构 知识点1 结构衔接题 知识点2 逻辑衔接题 知识点3 词汇衔接题 知识点4 指代衔接题 考向破译 考向 01 考查结构衔接手段 考向02 考查逻辑衔接手段 考向 03 考查词汇衔接手段 考向04 考查指代衔接手段 04 真题溯源·考向感知 溯源真题逻辑，感知高考考向 命题透视·考情前瞻 ——对标素养，研判高考命题趋势 题型 六选四考点分布 年份 段首题及题号 段中题及题号 段尾题及题号 2023上海春考 3（68）（69）（70） 1（67） 0 2023上海秋考 2（67）（68） 2（69）（70） 0 2022上海秋考 1（67） 2（69）（70） 1（68） 2022上海春考 1（69） 2（67）（68） 1（70） 2021上海秋考 2（69）（70） 1（68） 1（67） 2021上海春考 2（68）（70） 1（67） 1（69） 2020上海秋考 2（69）（70） 0 2（67）（68） 2020上海春考 2（68）（69） 2（67）（70） 0 思维建模·脉络梳理 ——搭建知识框架，构建系统思维 考向 核心内涵 考查角度 解题策略 标志性线索 干扰项特征 01 结构衔接 依托句式、篇章框架等外在形式衔接 1. 总分框架 2. 小标题格式统一3. 句式对仗 1. 段首选概括短句，排除细节 2. 小标题先匹配句式格式 3. 分点前文配总起句 无固定单词，看长短、短语类型、总分行文 1. 仅局部细节，无法统领段落 2. 句式和全文标题格式不匹配 02 逻辑衔接 依靠逻辑连词体现句间关系（高频考点） 1. 转折 2. 递进补充 3. 因果、举例 1. 判断前后语义褒贬 / 观点例证 2. 连词匹配上下文逻辑 3. 递进内容话题需统一 转折：but/however递进：furthermore因果：therefore/thus举例：for example 1. 逻辑与上下文语义相反 2. 连词匹配但话题脱节 03 词汇衔接 依靠词语串联，无代词、逻辑词 1. 原词复现 2. 同义替换 3. 同话题语义场词汇 1. 抓取段落核心高频词 2. 优先选含核心词 / 同义词选项 3. 剔除无主题词选项 同名词重复、近义词、话题相关词群 1. 缺少段落核心词，词汇链断裂 2. 词汇跨话题，语义不连贯 04 指代衔接 各类代词指代前文人、事、物，独立考点 1. 指示代词 this/that/such 2. 人称代词 it/they 3. 替代代词 one/ones 1. 代词回原文找对应指代对象 2. 单复数一致 3. 排除无对应前文的悬空指代 this/that/these/they/it/one/ones 1. 代词单复数和前文名词冲突 2. 前文无对应指代对象 考点精讲·靶向突破 ——拆解核心考点，归纳解题范式 考点二、从内容细节微观角度考查句子衔接手段 知●识●解●构 知识点1 结构衔接——根据空格的位置判断 1）若空格句出现在段首，则通常是段落主题句或承上启下作用。 这句往往是对下面整个段落内容的概括和总结，反映整个段落的主旨和大意认真阅。读后文内容，锁定线索信号词，然后在选项中查找相关特征词。关注每段首尾句，了解大意知主题。 【示例】 A. There’ll still be times when old thoughts cause sadness, or you’re anxious about what’s next. B. The usefulness of nostalgia seems to vary with age. C. Today we have a much more positive attitude to nostalgia. D. You’ll get faster at finding it, and add extra layers of detail each time. E. The answer lies in connecting with your past and future selves. F. But there’s also a growing body of research into time travel “the other way”. (70) __________ But the more you learn to control your memory, the better you’ll be at mining your past, and shaping your future, to be your best self now. 2）若空格句在段尾，则多属总结本段内容的总结句或引出下一段内容的过渡句。 A：在选项中看能否找到对前文整段的总结句。如果在段尾提出主题，会用一些信号词如转折词引出来，正确答案中应有这样的特征词。段尾通常是结论、概括性语句。注意在选项中查找表示结果、结论、总结等的信号词，如therefore, as a result, thus, hence, in short, to sum up, to conclude, in a word等词语，选项中也可发现前文的同义词句。 【示例】 A. Do I even want them? On whose clock? B. Why should you challenge that secret timeline of milestones in your head? C. This time, quitting her job led to her first album, television appearances and sold-out shows. D. Instead of feeling pressure to hit life events on someone else’s timeline, maybe it’s fine to make our own. E. People are feeling like they’re falling behind, when in fact they’re probably doing exactly what they should. F. She spent years feeling like an outsider and failure as she watched her peers rise in school and work, figuring she’d never catch up. “You go to college right out of high school. That’s the rule, right?” says Nikki Ivey, a sales trainer and consultant outside Jacksonville, Fla. However, it’s not the case for her. Actually, she got her undergraduate degree at 28. __67__ ............ It can be hard to make a transition later in life. __70__ B：与下一段开头是否有一定的衔接。认真阅读下一段开头几句，看是否与选项的最后一句紧密连接起来。分析与前文是转折或是对比关系。此时要注意在选项中查找表示转折、对比的关联词，同时注意选项中所讲内容是否与前文在同一主题上形成对立、对比关系。如果第一段的段尾是空白，要认真阅读，看此处是细节还是主题。通常文章第一段要提出文章的主题。 【示例】 A. It will not be long before he’s back in prison again. B. We’re all relieved that the criminal is being punished for his misdeeds. C. Community service is likely to turn prisoners into better persons. D. Offenders are tried and sentenced according to the legal system. E. The threat of another spell in jail will stop him from breaking the law again. F. Put the money into supporting deprived areas which are the grounds for crime. But, let’s face it. The reality is usually very different. The prisoner may be released on parole (假释)before the end of his sentence. He will try to re-enter society. But then he often becomes a victim himself, unable to find work and is rejected by society. 69 So what can we do to make sure the offender doesn’t commit another crime? Of course, there are alternatives to prison, such as community service or he can pay a large fine. Alternatively, we could establish a more severe system of punishment. 【示例】 Don’t remove skin tags and moles yourself. Two of the most common types of skin spots among adults are dark spots known as moles and the growths known as skin tags. _____22_____ In some places, mole- and skin-tag removal kits are sold for home use. ______23______ US FDA recently issued a warning about these kits after receiving reports about consumers who had injured themselves. You’re better off visiting a dermatologist, who are experts in treating skin diseases. Plus, they can perform the all-important screening for skin cancer. A．Tailor Vitamin C intake to your weight. B．The subjects who couldn’t perform this had a higher risk of death. C．Vitamin C supplements are always safe and effective for everyone. D．Regular exercise can improve your balance and reduce the risk of falls. E．Both are harmless and don’t require treatment unless their appearance is an issue. F．But these products can contain a large amount of salicylic acid (水杨酸) and could leave you with permanent scars. 3）若空格句在段中，则需根据空格前后的句子内容及逻辑关系来确定答案。 【示例】 The American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) made waves this year by recommending that doctors put obese kids as young as two years old on intensive, family-oriented lifestyle and behavior plans. ___67___ This advice marks a shift from the organization’s previous stance of “watch and wait,” and it reflects the AAP’s belief that obesity is a disease and the group’s adoption of a more proactive position on childhood obesity. A. Moving more may not prevent a child from becoming overweight, but studies show clearly that it helps both physical and mental health. B. And although rural areas have more undeveloped outdoor space, they often lack playgrounds, tracks and exercise facilities C. A lack of safe places for them to play outside the home also contributes to kids obesity. D. It also suggested prescribing weight-loss drugs to children 12 and older and surgery to teens 13 and older. E. Increased screen time and changing norms around letting kids play outdoors are unsupervised. F. They have significant side effects for both kids and adults. 知识点2 逻辑衔接——根据前后文逻辑关系判断 1）因果关系 (Eg: As a result/ thus/therefore/so (such)…) 因果关系主要指前后的句子有着原因和结果之间的关系，这种关系往往说明了前因后果或者前果后因等情况。2） 转折关系 (Eg: However/nevertheless/nonetheless/though/yet/in spite of/on the contrary /in contrast /by contrast/ in comparison/otherwise/not...but) 转折关系主要指英语行文中后句对前句构成逆转逻辑关系。如果空格前后两句话之间是逻辑上的逆转，则空格处很有可能是个转折逻辑的句子。 3）并列关系 (Eg: first/second/third/to begin with/to conclude) 并列关系主要指前后的句子间是平等的关系，可以互换位置。 4）递进关系 (Eg: also/ furthermore/ similarly/ moreover/ in addition/what’s more） 递进关系主要指英语行文中后句对前句是一种顺承逻辑关系。如果空格前后两句话之间是逻辑上的层 进关系，则空格处很有可能是个递进的句子。 5） 例证关系 (Eg: such as /for examples/One of the examples is …) 前后句的某句是为了证明另一句而举的例子。例证的形式多样，但就其本质而言无非是思维上的形象（例子、类比等）和抽象（观点）的辩证关系，用到的思维过程无非就是基本的归纳（从例子到观点）和推理（从观点到例子）。 【示例1】 In terms of consumption pattern, online shopping has become the top choice for young people. Young people not only comprise a comparatively high percentage of internet users but also tend to shop online. ______68______ This makes them easily influenced by product promotions and influencers on social media. A. Young consumers no longer blindly chase trendy or luxury items. B. They excel in using mobile devices and social media for getting information. C. Their tendency to pay much leads to the development of products and services. D. Their changing behaviors in consumption have promoted high-quality products. E. In fact, young people are slowly becoming the main force in the consumer market. F. They are willing to pay for products with unique features and innovative services. 【示例2】 A recent study looked at the effect of fear-based strategies on British secondary school students. As is so often the case, it’s complicated. They found that if a test is seen as important, and students are optimistic that they can succeed, then the fear of failure can be used successfully by teachers to motivate these learners. ______48______ It can in turn lead them to do worse on the test than they would have done otherwise. The study also found that if students are disengaged and don’t care about the test in the first place, then, unsurprisingly, the fear of failure is not likely to motivate them. A. Nevertheless, confidence plays a significant role in determining the effectiveness of fear-based motivation strategies. B. However, if students are not confident, then fear-based approaches could trigger feelings of anxiety. C. Leaders, managers, and teachers have often used one of these ideas to inspire people to work harder and achieve more. D. Taken together, these studies show that fear-based motivation is complicated. E. They may be inspired to learn new things that will help their business or find mentors who can support them. F. But does this motivate or discourage business people? Again, it’s not straightforward. 知识点3 词汇衔接——从词汇关系上判断 1）同义词/反义词 英语前言后语之间往往有同义词、近义词、近义表达语甚至相同词汇的重复使用，这是我们解题的一个很好的判断线索。其实就其本质而言，上文讲的代词和下文将涉及的上下义词和同一范畴词都是特殊的同义/近义词。 【示例】 Flamingos (火烈鸟) make long friendships Each bird wore a ring around one leg with a unique code to tell them apart. McCully spent months studying their behaviour and built a personality profile for each flamingo. She found that confident, aggressive flamingos walked proudly around in their friendship groups, while the quieter birds carefully avoid those individuals. _____69_____. A．Their long-lasting relationships are important for survival in the wild. B．He teamed up with Fiona McCully, a scientist in animal behaviour. C．The scientists conclude that it’s important to keep flamingos in a large flock. D．According to a recent study, so do flamingos. E．This avoidance may serve to prevent the fights. F．New research shows that flamingos with brighter colors tend to be more aggressive. 2）同一范畴词（上下义词或平行词） 平行词是指词义范畴平行并列；上下义词和同一范畴词就是前者包含了后者，或可以说后者是前者的一个子集。利用前后句中这样的特殊的同义关系常常可以很轻松地解题。你可以在选项中找到与此词汇最接近的词，从而达到快而准。一般来说，上下文中词汇联系越接近，上下文的衔接关系越紧密。 【示例】 Admittedly, connecting with the natural world might seem like an obvious motivation, and undoubtedly it is a key part of the attraction.___13___ If they were, we’d abandon any attempts at design, planting or care and watch how walls of weeds slowly gave way to the mass of bushes. But that wouldn’t be gardening, of course, because for all their diversity, the one thing that all gardens have in common is how unnatural they are.___14___ Dazzling plants, watch features and glorious blooms is all interconnected well beyond what would naturally occur. Whether it is green lawns created in the driest deserts or a tropical paradise on a stormy North Atlantic island, they are all about shaping the natural world to fit our idea of what it “ should” be. A．In reality gardens are anything but natural. B．What are the things they have been attracted to? C．They are idealized landscape with all the mud, pests and dead plants edited out. D．How much better a place the planet would be if gardening was our outlet for this need! E．Much like agriculture, gardening is a universal human desire coded into our cultural DNA． F．The calmness created by owning a tiny green space under my control has a powerful effect on my mind. 知识点4 代词指代 英语表达中代词出现的频率极高，代词的作用无非是指代前面提及的名词或形容词概念，巧妙利用这样的指代关系和根据代词的单复数差异可以准确而快速地解题。例如it可指代单数名词或整个句子；they或them指代复数名词；one指代单数可数名词；that指代不可数名词或句子；this指代单数名词或句子;these 或those指代前句的复数名词。 【示例】 Do animals have feelings? Scientists believe that certain brain cells in humans called spindle cells (棱形细胞) are responsible for human social behavior and the interplay between thoughts and feelings. Studies have revealed that chimpanzee, dolphin and whale brains also possess spindle cells. ____1____ A．Although these are all animals that can act people-like, the presence of these cells does not mean that the animals have feelings. B．Anyone who claims to know what animals feel doesn’t have science on their side. C．In recent experiments, dogs have shown that they know to follow a human’s pointed finger to find a food treat. D．Many people think that empathy is a special emotion only humans show. E．Other experiments have cast doubt that animal behavior can reliably signify an underlying feeling. F．This illustrates the difficulty in accurately interpreting animal behavior as a marker of human-like feelings. 考●向●破●译 考向01 考查结构衔接手段（句式、篇章框架、形式对仗） 一、命题规律 上海卷小标题类、总分式段落高频考点，依靠外在句式、篇章框架格式锁定答案，不依赖语义逻辑词；全篇小标题句式统一（祈使 / 动名词 / 名词短语）、段落总分对仗结构是典型命题载体，可快速排除格式不符选项。 二、考查角度 小标题格式统一：全文小标题句式、词性保持一致； 篇章总分框架：段首总起句、段尾总结句形成 “总 — 分” 结构匹配； 句式对仗：前后句子祈使、疑问、名词短语结构对称呼应。 三、解题策略 若为小标题空：先观察已有小标题句式，直接剔除句式不匹配选项； 总分段落：段空匹配概括型短句，排除纯细节长句； 对仗句式：选项句式类型（祈使 / 名词短语）必须和上下文句子保持一致。 【例1】 题源：（2025~2026学年徐汇区二模47 _____________47__________ Expert Matt Young recommends beginning with a platform feeder—a flat tray that accommodates both large and small birds. For drier seed, a hopper feeder with a roof works well. To increase diversity, add tube feeders for finches, suet feeders for woodpeckers and wrens, and nectar feeders for hummingbirds. A. Young himself maintains 35 feeders, spacing them apart to reduce conflicts between species. B. Attracting birds starts with the right setup. C. A camera or a monitor is supposed to be installed near your house to observe the birds. D. Nectar feeders require daily or every-other-day cleaning to avoid mold and fermentation. E. Keeping feeders indoors will surely make your life full of fun and pleasure. F. Provide natural cover like trees, shrubs, or brush piles to shelter birds from predators. 【例2】 题源：（2025~2026学年嘉定区二模47） ____47____ Brands describe themselves as “biology-first” or “powered by biotech.” Creams promise to work “at a molecular (分子) level.” Lipsticks contain acids with “different molecular weights.” Water is sold with extra hydrogen (氢), as if two atoms were no longer enough. Even sports drinks, which once relied on images of sweating athletes, now proudly announce that they are “lab tested.” In a crowded market, science has become the new symbol of quality. A. A cream had vitamin C, and vitamin C helped skin. B. Many of the claims are reasonable, while others are meaningless nonsense. C. When science is being used to sell creams and drinks, science as a public good is under threat. D. Across fashion, beauty, and food, scientific language has become a powerful sales tool. E. In fact, science in the private interest doesn’t necessarily work like that. F. No one is looking up an academic study to make sure the claims on their package are accurate. 【例3】 题源：（2025~2026学年松江区二模49） In 2022, Yunnan successfully applied to the State Council to establish the Asian Elephant National Park, with the proposed area covering over 386 square kilometers. ____49____. First, China’s National Park Law, which came into force on January 1, 2026, has provided a strong legal foundation for the park’s establishment. ... And baseline research, habitat restoration, public education are advancing. A. Furthermore, Diao helps the insurance companies to assess elephant-related damages. B. Now various preparations of the park are progressing steadily in line with good planning. C. Therefore, local people decided to combine-their own efforts to drive the elephants away. D. In response to the application, local laws and policies are made and enacted at a fast pace. E. That is a severe problem facing the local people and different sides are attempting to solve it. F. To him, the park is a combination of locals’ peace and contentment and elephants’ suitable habitats. 考向02 考查逻辑衔接手段（显性逻辑连接词、句间逻辑关系） 一、命题规律 上海六选四最高频考点，依靠显性逻辑信号词判定句间关系，无需深度解读主旨；转折、因果、递进、举例、对比、让步为六大常考逻辑，选项自带逻辑连词是最直观解题线索。 二、考查角度 转折逻辑：however/but/yet/rather/on the contrary； 因果逻辑：therefore/thus/as a result/so； 递进逻辑：furthermore/moreover/what’s more； 举例逻辑：for example/such as/take...as an example； 让步对比：while/although/instead。 三、解题策略 标记空格前后逻辑词，判断前后语义关系； 匹配选项逻辑连词与上下文语义（前文正面，but 后必负面）； 递进类选项语义必须是前文内容延伸，因果类选项对应前文原因 / 后文结果。 【例1】 题源：（2025~2026学年杨浦区二模50） Some responses to the Government’s promises were positive. The Liberal Democrat party said it supports phasing out Ofwat. Mark Lloyd, from the Rivers Trust campaign group said the recommendations would lead to a dramatic improvement in the water environment. ___50___ A. The Government will also spend £104 billion to repair damaged pipes, build water treatment works and water storage facilities. B. Its plans include cutting pollution in rivers and seas and changing the way water companies are held responsible. C. But three billion liters of water are wasted every day in the UK because of leaky pipes. D. However, some activists said the report recommendations failed to prioritize public benefit over private profit and the public are tired of swimming in sewage and drowning in rising bills. E. Environment Secretary says the Government will adopt five of these straight away. F. It has announced that a new law concerning environmental protection will come into effect next year. 【例2】 题源：（2025~2026学年闵行区二模47） Learning dog body language can be challenging for beginners. If your dog growls when you pet them, they’re likely saying “no”. Sometimes your dog growls to set a boundary: they don’t want to be petted right now. ___47___ So we should watch their body language and environmental cues to determine the cause of the growling. A. However, dogs can also growl out of pain or happiness. B. The key, in this case, is to observe your dog’s body language. C. Delaying medical attention could make its condition even worse. D. Noticing whether your dog is comfortable with contact is important. E. Therefore, reacting negatively to such signals may stop their expression. F. This may cause a dog to bite directly, as it feels its signals won’t be noticed otherwise. 【例3】 题源：（2025~2026学年崇明区二模48） NASA and the European Space Agency’s Webb Space Telescope will observe this near-Earth asteroid in March before the object becomes impossible to see. ____48____ A telescope in Chile discovered the asteroid 2024 YR4 in late December. It is estimated to measure between 40 and 90 meters across. NASA said observations by the Webb space telescope should provide a more exact measurement. A. Furthermore, Diao helps the insurance companies to assess elephant-related damages. B. Now various preparations of the park are progressing steadily in line with good planning. C. Therefore, local people decided to combine-their own efforts to drive the elephants away. D. In response to the application, local laws and policies are made and enacted at a fast pace. E. That is a severe problem facing the local people and different sides are attempting to solve it. F. To him, the park is a combination of locals’ peace and contentment and elephants’ suitable habitats. 考向03 考查词汇衔接手段（复现、同义、词汇链） 一、命题规律 无需代词、逻辑词，依靠相同 / 相近词汇串联上下文，是基础解题线索；高频原词、同义词汇重复出现，锁定词汇链即可快速锁定答案，干扰项缺少核心主题词。 二、考查角度 原词复现：全文核心名词、动词重复出现； 同义替换：protect=preserve, solve=deal with； 同语义场词汇：bird/feeder/nectar（鸟类喂食相关词汇链）。 三、解题策略 提取空格前后高频核心词，筛选包含该词 / 同义词的选项； 排除完全不含本段主题词汇的选项； 词汇链统一：选项词汇必须和上下文属于同一话题领域。 【例1】 题源：（2025~2026学年浦东新区二模49） Technology can be a regenerative force for connection... ____49____ For those who find traditional forms of communication challenging, pebbling can be a strong alternative for expressing affection and maintaining closeness without the pressure of sustained conversation. Traditional expressions of affection may not feel genuine, but pebbling can allow for relational development through digital actions. A. Critics argue that screens have replaced face-to-face conversations. B. In fact, pebbling can serve as a gentle bridge for those who are not used to conventional closeness. C. It is easy to overlook pebbling as an especially valuable form of communication for sociable people. D. It’s not surprising that this practice has earned a name: Pebbling. E. Rather, it can be a new path to building and maintaining close relationships. F. When transferred to human relationships, this practice involves tiny, considerate gestures. 【例2】 题源：（2025~2026学年普陀区二模49） Slowly, I started becoming more comfortable with the body I saw staring back at me in the mirror. My posture still needs improving and my jumps are never as high as they feel. But the idea that my body hasn’t become fixed and that it’s still a work in progress encourages me. ____49____ Instead of noticing only the beginnings of older age arriving, I now marvel at the changes I’ve seen as I’ve learned to stand with more confidence and courage. A. Every move made by me then invited my teacher’s critical evaluation. B. If anything, ballet is forcing me to rethink my relationship with my body. C. But I was determined to give it a try. D. Rather, he said, it’s about striving for perfection. E. I nearly injured myself the one time I tried to lift my leg onto the desk in an attempt to stretch. F. At the age of 50, I am finally a ballerina, though not the kind that anybody would pay money to see on stage. 考向04 考查指代衔接 （人称 / 指示 / 替代代词 it/this/they/such/one） 一、命题规律 独立于词汇衔接，专门考查代词指代；选项出现 it/this/that/these/those/they/such，必须在前文找到对应指代对象（单数名词 / 复数名词 / 整件事），代词单复数、语义必须匹配前文。 二、考查角度 指示指代：this/that/these/those/such（指代前文概念、行为）； 人称指代：they/he/she/it（指代人 / 动物 / 事物）； 替代指代：one/ones（替代前文单数 / 复数名词）。 三、解题策略 定位选项代词，回原文寻找可指代的名词 / 事件； 核对单复数：this + 单数，these + 复数，they 对应复数主体； 排除 “指代悬空” 选项：前文无对应事物，直接排除。 【例1】 题源：（2025~2026学年金山区二模48） Cybercab represents a giant leap in both technology and concept. Its core is an advanced neural network that processes visual data in real time, enabling precise navigation and response to complex road situations. According to official data, its safety level is roughly ten times higher than that of human driving. (48)_________ It can cut down traffic accidents, ease congestion and lower travel costs significantly. A. Traditional taxis will gradually disappear in the near future. B. Some users complain about the limited space inside Cybercab. C. This breakthrough can greatly benefit traffic safety and efficiency. D. Meanwhile, public trust and understanding need to be gradually built. E. It is no longer just a means of transport but an intelligent mobile space. F. However, this pioneering invention also brings unavoidable challenges. 【例2】 题源：（2025~2026学年奉贤区二模48） Despite roughly 10,000 years of human-cattle coexistence, this is the first time scientists have documented a cow using a tool. ____48____ They then recorded which end she grabbed and which part of her body she scratched (挠). According to the researchers, Veronika rolled out her tongue like a carpet, using its flexible tip to grab the stick and roll it into her mouth. She then held the brush steadily, turned her neck, and scratched herself. This observation made scientists reconsider cows’ intelligence. A. More surprisingly, the animal can even adjust how she handles the tool. B. The multi-purpose nature of tool use is beyond everyone’s expectations. C. Her life circumstances may to some extent explain this unique behavior. D. An animal must intentionally grasp and control an object to achieve a goal. E. To test Veronika’s skills, researchers placed a brush on the ground near her. F. He is excited to add cows to the list of tool-using animals, but not surprised. 【例3】 题源：（2025~2026学年静安区二模48） To overcome this challenge, the research team used an innovative approach: a soft detection device placed gently on the mother’s belly, combined with AI algorithms to remove motion interference. ___48___ The scans revealed a significant increase in neuronal activity around birth within specific brain networks. A. This allowed them to clean data and reconstruct neural activity in the fetal brain. B. In fact, this efficiency reaches its peak during the fetal stage. C. This suggests after forming many connections, the brain needs time to refine its network. D. However, scientists have long struggled to capture clear signals from the fetal brain. E. The activation of these areas has a clear adaptive value. F. Some researchers argue that genetic programming alone drives these early changes. 真题溯源·考向感知 ——溯源真题逻辑，感知高考考向 题组一 高考真题精选 （2023年1月·上海高考真题） Directions: Complete the following passage by using the sentences in the box Each sentence can only be used once. Note that there are two sentences more than you need. A. Before you stock up at cafe , know that it is possible to drink too much coffee. B. Coffee has its advantages and disadvantages according to different people. C. Researchers found that caffeine , particularly coffee , had a protective effect against depression. D. So by all means , grab that extra cup of coffee , but be sure to limit your intake. E.The mood-boosting news doesn't stop there. F. To sum up, more researchers should be done to clarify the relation between caffeine and depression. If you needed another excuse to grab another cup of coffee, consider this research a blessing to do so. A comprehensive analysis of 12 studies looked at nearly 350,000 individuals and more than 8 .000 cases of depression. (67)__________ In China, researchers analyzed 15 studies with more than 330 ,000 total participants. Their results showed that for every cup of coffee people drank, they reduced their risk of depression by 8 percent. (68)______________ Harvard researchers studied 10 years’ worth of data from 51 ,000 women ,none of whom had depression to begin with, The results showed that the women who drank the most coffee ( four or more cups a day) were 20 percent less likely to develop depression than those who drank little or none. Yes, coffee just got more magical than you thought possible. But why is this? The secret is in the brew's anti-inflammatory properties. Coffee contains chlorogenic acid, ferulic acid, and caffeic acid, all of which reduce the inflammation of nerve cells that bring on depression. Caffeine also has some antioxidant properties, which can help soothe inflamed areas of the brain. (69) _________Some side effects of a heavy caffeine intake include anxiety , headaches.brain.restlessness, and increased blood pressure. Ir the body experiences these too often, it could actually trigger the inflammation that may contribute to depression. Once the caffeine wears off, coffee drinkers may experience a drop in mood, and those who are already depressed can feel those effects more strongly. One interesting study found that drinking more coffee decreased chances of suicide , until participants drank eight or more cups a day. Then the risk increased by 58 percent. (70)__________If you have some leftover, here are surprising ways to use those spare coffee grounds. Passage 2 （2022年1月·上海高考真题） Directions: Complete the following passage by using the sentences in the box Each sentence can only be used once. Note that there are two sentences more than you need. A.However,this is not the case when libraries lend e-books. B. This may not be a big issue now, for e-books are minor in publishing. C. Also, publishers assume get more profits from libraries where readers pay them more. D. Publishing contracts often don't specify whether and how much authors receive for e-books sales or for e-lending. E. Extension alone would do little if the current funds under the schemes were merely re-distributed from books to e-books. F. For this reason, authors and publishers have been talking the Government into extending the Lending Rights Schemes to e-books. Should Writers Be Paid for Their E-books Lent by Libraries? When libraries lend books to the public, authors and publishers receive remuneration from the Government under the Lending Rights schemes. (67 )________________________ Is this fair? This year, the government has distributed almost a $ 22 million under these Public Lending Rights and Educational Lending Rights Schemes. For each book in public library collections creators receive $ 2.1l and publishers receive $ 0.52. The amount that each claimant receives is often not very significant, with the majority of authors receiving between S 100-500 annually, Still, a previous study has revealed that this remuneration constitutes the second most important source of income for creators from their creative work.. E-books, however, are not covered by these Lending Rights schemes. (68)____________ But e-book lending is increasing and, according to the Australian Library and Information Association, e-books are likely to reach 20% of library holdings by 2020. Also, most, if not all, self-published titles are done so in digital format only. Such self-published titles , if lent by libraries ,would not qualify for any remuneration. (69) _____________ Although the Book Industry Collaborative Council made such proposal already in a report of 2013 , nothing has happened of yet. One of the main reasons why e-books are not covered is that e-book lending is quite different from print book lending. In case of print books, authors and publishers are arguably losing on customers and revenues when libraries loan their books for free.Creators only receive $2. 11 and publishers receive $0. 52 for each book in public library collections. At present, in the case of -books, many publishers chose not to sell these books to libraries.( 70)_______ While publishers charge libraries high prices for e-books, writers complain that these amounts do not reach them. Publishing contracts often don't specify whether and how much authors receive for e-books sales or for e-lending. 题组二 名校试题精选 Passage 1 【来源】上海市宜川中学2025-2026学年第二学期阶段练高三英语 Skillcation Travel today is no longer just about sightseeing or relaxing. Many people now choose trips with special purposes — “sleepcations” for rest, “sports tourism” for big events, or “gig tripping” to follow favorite singers. 1 It gives travelers the chance to develop new skills while enjoying a change of scene. According to Ben Martin, an economics director at the architecture and hospitality firm HKS, skillcations reflect people’s growing wish to learn through experience. 2 Such activities not only make travel more meaningful — but also bring a sense of growth and creativity that lasts long after the trip ends. 3 In India, the Kerala Tourism Development Corporation offers “skillcation packages” where visitors can take part in painting, swimming, acting, or cooking lessons. Similar programs appear in many countries: cheese-making in Switzerland, flamenco dancing in Spain, glacier research in Iceland, or ice sculpting in China. These experiences often lead to cultural connection, self-confidence, and new friendships as travelers share the joy of learning together. Still, a skillcation is not for everyone. It sometimes requires effort, patience, and the courage to step outside one’s comfort zone. 4 Yet for curious minds, this kind of travel can be deeply rewarding. Returning home with a new ability or memory gives people a strong sense of achievement and may inspire them to explore further. Even a short trip can include elements of skill-building — a cooking class, a flower-arranging workshop, or an archery lesson. The key is to choose what truly interests you and fits your experience. With an open mind and a bit of adventure, a skillcation can turn ordinary travel into a journey of personal discovery. A．A newer idea, the skillcation, combines leisure with learning. B．Skillcation, as its name suggests, is a short holiday taken to disconnect from work, C．Instead of simply visiting landmarks, travelers join cooking, pottery, or dance classes, or learn local crafts. D．Some destinations are already promoting this trend. E．There are also ways to include elements of skill-building in your travels without taking a full-on skillcation. F．Those who prefer complete rest may find it tiring. Passage 2 【来源】上海市南洋模范中学2025-2026学年高三上学期初态考英语试卷 Global business:China’s new brand ambassadors Ask a westerner for an example of a successful Chinese consumer goods brand, and until recently most would have struggled. Although China is the world’s premier manufacturing power, it has long lagged behind when it comes to imaginative home-grown retail brands and products. This is now changing. 5 From Stockholm to Sydney, the electric car gliding silently by is increasingly likely to be Chinese. Mixue, a retailer of ice-cream and cold drinks, has dethroned McDonald’s as the world’s largest fast-food chain by number of outlets. Chagee, a chain of tea shops, is on track to have at least 1,300 stores outside China by the end of 2027. And Pop Mart, a Chinese toymaker, has created a buzz worthy of Disney around its strange grinning nine-toothed dolls, called Labubus. Fans include Rihanna, a pop star, and Sir David Beckham, a footballer. Western shoppers have bought goods made in China for decades. But these were largely made for, and designed by, foreign firms. More recently, internet retailers such as Shein and Temu have won over customers with cheap, cheerful clothes and consumer goods, while downplaying their Chinese origins. 6 Scandals around food safety and labour standards did not help. New firms are now overturning those old assumptions. Many happily advertise their roots. The logo of Chagee shows a Peking Opera singer in full headdress. “Black Myth: Wukong”, one of the most successful video games ever, features the Monkey King from “Journey to the West”, a 16th century novel. Many brands now compete on quality as well as price. Chagee’s drinks can be as costly as Starbucks. 7 In the past, Chinese firms typically succeeded by learning to replicate Western products cheaply. Now they are accumulating valuable intellectual property of their own. 8 Within China, the premium that foreign brands command simply for being foreign is eroding. In the future they will need to try harder to understand Chinese customers’ particular tastes and do deals with inventive Chinese partners, to gain insight and inspiration. Competition from China may eventually push Disney, Mattel and other Western mega-brands to new heights of creativity. Chinese brands’ westward journey, like the Monkey King’s, could bring significant rewards. A．Chinese brands were long seen as poor-quality, unimaginative and unfairly subsidised. B．Western firms have to wake up and smell the bubble tea. C．Pop Mart toys, once dismissed as cheap trinkets, now command premium prices among global collectors. D．Innovative Chinese brands are popping up everywhere. E．Chinese EVs offer dazzling entertainment systems as well as low prices. F．Western companies may try to imitate Chinese brands’ approaches to innovation. Passage 3 【来源】上海市格致中学2025-2026学年高三上学期阶段检测试卷 Meet Generation Alpha What comes after Z? Lots of names have been proposed for the world’s youngest generation, born roughly since 2010. Some are predictable, such as “iPad kids” and “Generation AI”. Others are confusing, as with “Polars”, which refers to both growing polarization and shrinking ice caps. One name has caught on in the English-speaking West: “Generation Alpha”. It symbolizes a fresh chapter, says Mark McCrindle, the Australian social scientist behind it. “Alpha” has recently become a popular word. 9 Most have come to reveal things Alphas are interested in (video games, sports) and not (recycling, the news). Some have even predicted the future: Alphas, they say, will be the most innovative group yet. Such insights make for good headlines. But social scientists agree that it is too soon to identify the distinctive characteristics of a group that includes very young kids. 10 According to Bobby Duffy, a professor at King’s College London, plenty of judgments made now will be proved wrong in the future. 11 Alpha is projected to be the world’s largest generation, with more than 2bn members. By 2029 nearly $5.5trn will be spent on Alphas a year, predicts Mr McCrindle’s research firm. That presents an opportunity for businesses, and for the marketing firms that advice “how to prepare for Gen Alpha”. Restrictions around marketing to youngsters prevent many insights. Governments regulate advertisements aided at minors, and stop their personal data from being collected without their parents’ agreement. 12 But no one can deny that Alphas are in their formative years. Attitudes and values change as people grow up and settle as they come of age. It will be at least five years before Alphas are old enough for real differences to be seen between them and others, according to Mr Duffy. Until then, we will know. A．There are disagreements about whether Alphas should include those born between 2010 and 2012. B．It is still hard to say whether Mr McCrindle’s preference of the Greek term will receive enough support. C．Predicting how these children will turn out as adults has no real value at the moment. D．Some surveys about Gen Alphas are filled out by parents, who interpret their children’s habits. E．A number of reports and surveys have been published about these youngsters. F．Research is largely driven by commercial interests. 1 / 19 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题08 六选四之微观角度考查句子衔接 内容导航 01 命题透视·考情前瞻 对标素养，研判高考命题趋势 02 思维建模·脉络梳理 搭建知识框架，构建系统思维 03 考点精讲·靶向突破 拆解核心考点，归纳解题范式 考点聚焦 从内容细节微观角度考查句子衔接 知识解构 知识点1 结构衔接题 知识点2 逻辑衔接题 知识点3 词汇衔接题 知识点4 指代衔接题 考向破译 考向 01 考查结构衔接手段 考向02 考查逻辑衔接手段 考向 03 考查词汇衔接手段 考向04 考查指代衔接手段 04 真题溯源·考向感知 溯源真题逻辑，感知高考考向 命题透视·考情前瞻 ——对标素养，研判高考命题趋势 题型 六选四考点分布 年份 段首题及题号 段中题及题号 段尾题及题号 2023上海春考 3（68）（69）（70） 1（67） 0 2023上海秋考 2（67）（68） 2（69）（70） 0 2022上海秋考 1（67） 2（69）（70） 1（68） 2022上海春考 1（69） 2（67）（68） 1（70） 2021上海秋考 2（69）（70） 1（68） 1（67） 2021上海春考 2（68）（70） 1（67） 1（69） 2020上海秋考 2（69）（70） 0 2（67）（68） 2020上海春考 2（68）（69） 2（67）（70） 0 思维建模·脉络梳理 ——搭建知识框架，构建系统思维 考向 核心内涵 考查角度 解题策略 标志性线索 干扰项特征 01 结构衔接 依托句式、篇章框架等外在形式衔接 1. 总分框架 2. 小标题格式统一3. 句式对仗 1. 段首选概括短句，排除细节 2. 小标题先匹配句式格式 3. 分点前文配总起句 无固定单词，看长短、短语类型、总分行文 1. 仅局部细节，无法统领段落 2. 句式和全文标题格式不匹配 02 逻辑衔接 依靠逻辑连词体现句间关系（高频考点） 1. 转折 2. 递进补充 3. 因果、举例 1. 判断前后语义褒贬 / 观点例证 2. 连词匹配上下文逻辑 3. 递进内容话题需统一 转折：but/however递进：furthermore因果：therefore/thus举例：for example 1. 逻辑与上下文语义相反 2. 连词匹配但话题脱节 03 词汇衔接 依靠词语串联，无代词、逻辑词 1. 原词复现 2. 同义替换 3. 同话题语义场词汇 1. 抓取段落核心高频词 2. 优先选含核心词 / 同义词选项 3. 剔除无主题词选项 同名词重复、近义词、话题相关词群 1. 缺少段落核心词，词汇链断裂 2. 词汇跨话题，语义不连贯 04 指代衔接 各类代词指代前文人、事、物，独立考点 1. 指示代词 this/that/such 2. 人称代词 it/they 3. 替代代词 one/ones 1. 代词回原文找对应指代对象 2. 单复数一致 3. 排除无对应前文的悬空指代 this/that/these/they/it/one/ones 1. 代词单复数和前文名词冲突 2. 前文无对应指代对象 考点精讲·靶向突破 ——拆解核心考点，归纳解题范式 考点二、从内容细节微观角度考查句子衔接手段 知●识●解●构 知识点1 结构衔接——根据空格的位置判断 1）若空格句出现在段首，则通常是段落主题句或承上启下作用。 这句往往是对下面整个段落内容的概括和总结，反映整个段落的主旨和大意认真阅。读后文内容，锁定线索信号词，然后在选项中查找相关特征词。关注每段首尾句，了解大意知主题。 【示例】 A. There’ll still be times when old thoughts cause sadness, or you’re anxious about what’s next. B. The usefulness of nostalgia seems to vary with age. C. Today we have a much more positive attitude to nostalgia. D. You’ll get faster at finding it, and add extra layers of detail each time. E. The answer lies in connecting with your past and future selves. F. But there’s also a growing body of research into time travel “the other way”. (70) __________ But the more you learn to control your memory, the better you’ll be at mining your past, and shaping your future, to be your best self now. 【答案】70 A 70.A. 空格处位于本段段首，应引出下文；根据下文“But the more you learn to control your memory, the better you’ll be at mining your past, and shaping your future, to be your best self now.(但是你越是学会控制你的记忆，你就能更好地挖掘你的过去并塑造你的未来，成为现在最好的自己)”可知，空格处应描述利用记忆的过程中会遇到的的困难；选项A. There’ll still be times when old thoughts cause sadness, or you’re anxious about what’s next.(有时旧的想法仍然会引起悲伤，或者你会对接下来会发生什么感到焦虑)描述了利用记忆的过程中遇到的困难。故选A。仍然会有一些旧思绪带来悲伤，或者你会对接下来会发生什么感到焦虑。这一句提到了在利用记忆的过程中可能遇到的困难，即旧思绪引起的悲伤和对未来的焦虑。因此，A选项与文章的内容和语境相符。 2）若空格句在段尾，则多属总结本段内容的总结句或引出下一段内容的过渡句。 A：在选项中看能否找到对前文整段的总结句。如果在段尾提出主题，会用一些信号词如转折词引出来，正确答案中应有这样的特征词。段尾通常是结论、概括性语句。注意在选项中查找表示结果、结论、总结等的信号词，如therefore, as a result, thus, hence, in short, to sum up, to conclude, in a word等词语，选项中也可发现前文的同义词句。 【示例】 A. Do I even want them? On whose clock? B. Why should you challenge that secret timeline of milestones in your head? C. This time, quitting her job led to her first album, television appearances and sold-out shows. D. Instead of feeling pressure to hit life events on someone else’s timeline, maybe it’s fine to make our own. E. People are feeling like they’re falling behind, when in fact they’re probably doing exactly what they should. F. She spent years feeling like an outsider and failure as she watched her peers rise in school and work, figuring she’d never catch up. “You go to college right out of high school. That’s the rule, right?” says Nikki Ivey, a sales trainer and consultant outside Jacksonville, Fla. However, it’s not the case for her. Actually, she got her undergraduate degree at 28. __67__ ............ It can be hard to make a transition later in life. __70__ 【答案】 67.F 70. D 【67题详解】 前文““You go to college right out of high school. That’s the rule, right?” says Nikki Ivey, a sales trainer and consultant outside Jacksonville, Fla, However, it’s not the case for her. Actually, she got her undergraduate degree at 28. (佛罗里达州杰克逊维尔市的销售培训师兼顾问尼基·艾维说，“高中一毕业就去上大学。这是规则，对吧?”。然而，她的情况并非如此。事实上，她28岁才拿到了本科学位。)”提到了她没有像大多数人一样顺利，F项(多年来，当她看着同龄人在学校和工作中奋起直追时，她感觉自己是个局外人，是个失败者。想着她永远追不上。)承接上文，说明她求学和工作的不容易。故选F项。 【70题详解】 前文“It can be hard to make a transition later in life.(在以后的生活中很难做出转变。)”提到了做出转变的艰难，D项(与其在别人的时间表上完成生活事件而感到压力，不如自己制定自己的时间表。)承接上文，说明了改变和不改变都有难处，但改变的好处是可以过上自己喜欢的生活，掌控自己的生活，故选D项。 B：与下一段开头是否有一定的衔接。认真阅读下一段开头几句，看是否与选项的最后一句紧密连接起来。分析与前文是转折或是对比关系。此时要注意在选项中查找表示转折、对比的关联词，同时注意选项中所讲内容是否与前文在同一主题上形成对立、对比关系。如果第一段的段尾是空白，要认真阅读，看此处是细节还是主题。通常文章第一段要提出文章的主题。 【示例】 A. It will not be long before he’s back in prison again. B. We’re all relieved that the criminal is being punished for his misdeeds. C. Community service is likely to turn prisoners into better persons. D. Offenders are tried and sentenced according to the legal system. E. The threat of another spell in jail will stop him from breaking the law again. F. Put the money into supporting deprived areas which are the grounds for crime. But, let’s face it. The reality is usually very different. The prisoner may be released on parole (假释)before the end of his sentence. He will try to re-enter society. But then he often becomes a victim himself, unable to find work and is rejected by society. 69 So what can we do to make sure the offender doesn’t commit another crime? Of course, there are alternatives to prison, such as community service or he can pay a large fine. Alternatively, we could establish a more severe system of punishment. 【答案】69. A 【69题详解】 前文“The prisoner may be released on parole (假释) before the end of his sentence. He will try to re-enter society. But then he often becomes a victim himself, unable to find work and is rejected by society. (犯人可以在刑期届满前获得假释。他将努力重返社会。但他自己也常常成为受害者，找不到工作，被社会排斥)”描述犯人获得假释后重返社会的困难。因此A项“It will not be long before he’s back in prison again. (过不了多久他就会再次入狱)”符合语境，指出犯人很有可能会再次犯罪入狱，承接前文。故选A。 【示例】 Don’t remove skin tags and moles yourself. Two of the most common types of skin spots among adults are dark spots known as moles and the growths known as skin tags. _____22_____ In some places, mole- and skin-tag removal kits are sold for home use. ______23______ US FDA recently issued a warning about these kits after receiving reports about consumers who had injured themselves. You’re better off visiting a dermatologist, who are experts in treating skin diseases. Plus, they can perform the all-important screening for skin cancer. A．Tailor Vitamin C intake to your weight. B．The subjects who couldn’t perform this had a higher risk of death. C．Vitamin C supplements are always safe and effective for everyone. D．Regular exercise can improve your balance and reduce the risk of falls. E．Both are harmless and don’t require treatment unless their appearance is an issue. F．But these products can contain a large amount of salicylic acid (水杨酸) and could leave you with permanent scars. 【答案】 22．E 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍的是来自于医学领域的三个新闻消息。 22．根据空前的“Two of the most common types of skin spots among adults are dark spots known as moles and the growths known as skin tags.(成年人最常见的两种皮肤斑点是黑斑，即痣，以及生长的皮赘。)”可知，成年人中有两种常见的皮肤斑，根据下文的“In some places, mole- and skin-tag removal kits are sold for home use.(在一些地方，家庭使用的去除痣和皮肤赘的工具也有售。) E选项“Both are harmless and don’t require treatment unless their appearance is an issue.(两者都是无害的，不需要治疗，除非它们的外观有问题。)”讲述的是两种皮肤斑的性质，与空前的内容吻合。故选E项。 3）若空格句在段中，则需根据空格前后的句子内容及逻辑关系来确定答案。 【示例】 The American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) made waves this year by recommending that doctors put obese kids as young as two years old on intensive, family-oriented lifestyle and behavior plans. ___67___ This advice marks a shift from the organization’s previous stance of “watch and wait,” and it reflects the AAP’s belief that obesity is a disease and the group’s adoption of a more proactive position on childhood obesity. A. Moving more may not prevent a child from becoming overweight, but studies show clearly that it helps both physical and mental health. B. And although rural areas have more undeveloped outdoor space, they often lack playgrounds, tracks and exercise facilities C. A lack of safe places for them to play outside the home also contributes to kids obesity. D. It also suggested prescribing weight-loss drugs to children 12 and older and surgery to teens 13 and older. E. Increased screen time and changing norms around letting kids play outdoors are unsupervised. F. They have significant side effects for both kids and adults. 【答案】67. D 【67题详解】 根据下文“This advice marks a shift from the organization’s previous stance of ‘watch and wait,’ and it reflects the AAP’s belief that obesity is a disease and the group’s adoption of a more proactive position on childhood obesity.(这一建议标志着该组织之前‘观望和等待’的立场发生了转变，它反映了美国儿科学会认为肥胖是一种疾病，并在儿童肥胖问题上采取了更积极的立场)”可知，空处是关于对肥胖的治疗建议，D项“它还建议给12岁及以上的儿童开减肥药，给13岁及以上的青少年开手术”符合语境，故选D。 知识点2 逻辑衔接——根据前后文逻辑关系判断 1）因果关系 (Eg: As a result/ thus/therefore/so (such)…) 因果关系主要指前后的句子有着原因和结果之间的关系，这种关系往往说明了前因后果或者前果后因等情况。 2） 转折关系 (Eg: However/nevertheless/nonetheless/though/yet/in spite of/on the contrary /in contrast /by contrast/ in comparison/otherwise/not...but) 转折关系主要指英语行文中后句对前句构成逆转逻辑关系。如果空格前后两句话之间是逻辑上的逆转，则空格处很有可能是个转折逻辑的句子。 3）并列关系 (Eg: first/second/third/to begin with/to conclude) 并列关系主要指前后的句子间是平等的关系，可以互换位置。 4）递进关系 (Eg: also/ furthermore/ similarly/ moreover/ in addition/what’s more） 递进关系主要指英语行文中后句对前句是一种顺承逻辑关系。如果空格前后两句话之间是逻辑上的层 进关系，则空格处很有可能是个递进的句子。 5） 例证关系 (Eg: such as /for examples/One of the examples is …) 前后句的某句是为了证明另一句而举的例子。例证的形式多样，但就其本质而言无非是思维上的形象（例子、类比等）和抽象（观点）的辩证关系，用到的思维过程无非就是基本的归纳（从例子到观点）和推理（从观点到例子）。 【示例1】 In terms of consumption pattern, online shopping has become the top choice for young people. Young people not only comprise a comparatively high percentage of internet users but also tend to shop online. ______68______ This makes them easily influenced by product promotions and influencers on social media. A. Young consumers no longer blindly chase trendy or luxury items. B. They excel in using mobile devices and social media for getting information. C. Their tendency to pay much leads to the development of products and services. D. Their changing behaviors in consumption have promoted high-quality products. E. In fact, young people are slowly becoming the main force in the consumer market. F. They are willing to pay for products with unique features and innovative services. 【答案】 68. B 【68题详解】 根据上文“In terms of consumption pattern, online shopping has become the top choice for young people. Young people not only comprise a comparatively high percentage of internet users but also tend to shop online. (在消费模式方面，网购已成为年轻人的首选。年轻人不仅在互联网用户中占比较高的比例，而且还倾向于在网上购物。)”以及后文“This makes them easily influenced by product promotions and influencers on social media. (这使得他们很容易受到产品促销和社交媒体上有影响力的人的影响。)”可知，后文提到年轻人很容易受到产品促销和社交媒体上有影响力的人的影响，故本句说明容易受影响的原因。故B选项“他们擅长使用移动设备和社交媒体获取信息。”符合语境，故选B。 【示例2】 A recent study looked at the effect of fear-based strategies on British secondary school students. As is so often the case, it’s complicated. They found that if a test is seen as important, and students are optimistic that they can succeed, then the fear of failure can be used successfully by teachers to motivate these learners. ______48______ It can in turn lead them to do worse on the test than they would have done otherwise. The study also found that if students are disengaged and don’t care about the test in the first place, then, unsurprisingly, the fear of failure is not likely to motivate them. A. Nevertheless, confidence plays a significant role in determining the effectiveness of fear-based motivation strategies. B. However, if students are not confident, then fear-based approaches could trigger feelings of anxiety. C. Leaders, managers, and teachers have often used one of these ideas to inspire people to work harder and achieve more. D. Taken together, these studies show that fear-based motivation is complicated. E. They may be inspired to learn new things that will help their business or find mentors who can support them. F. But does this motivate or discourage business people? Again, it’s not straightforward. 【答案】 48. B 【48题详解】 前文“They found that if a test is seen as important, and students are optimistic that they can succeed, then the fear of failure can be used successfully by teachers to motivate these learners.(他们发现，如果一项测试被视为重要的，并且学生对自己能够成功持乐观态度，那么老师可以成功地利用对失败的恐惧来激励这些学习者。)”讲述了在一项测试被认为非常重要且学生对该测试持乐观态度的情况下，老师可以有效利用对失败的恐惧来激励学生，后文“It can in turn lead them to do worse on the test than they would have done otherwise.(这反过来会导致他们在测试中表现得比其他情况下更差。)”讲述了会导致学生表现差，由此可知，空处讲述的应是不能有效利用对失败的恐惧进行激励的情况，B项“然而，如果学生不自信，那么基于恐惧的方法可能会引发焦虑感。”符合题意，However表明前后之间为转折关系。故选B。 知识点3 词汇衔接——从词汇关系上判断 1）同义词/反义词 英语前言后语之间往往有同义词、近义词、近义表达语甚至相同词汇的重复使用，这是我们解题的一个很好的判断线索。其实就其本质而言，上文讲的代词和下文将涉及的上下义词和同一范畴词都是特殊的同义/近义词。 【示例】 Flamingos (火烈鸟) make long friendships Each bird wore a ring around one leg with a unique code to tell them apart. McCully spent months studying their behaviour and built a personality profile for each flamingo. She found that confident, aggressive flamingos walked proudly around in their friendship groups, while the quieter birds carefully avoid those individuals. _____69_____. A．Their long-lasting relationships are important for survival in the wild. B．He teamed up with Fiona McCully, a scientist in animal behaviour. C．The scientists conclude that it’s important to keep flamingos in a large flock. D．According to a recent study, so do flamingos. E．This avoidance may serve to prevent the fights. F．New research shows that flamingos with brighter colors tend to be more aggressive. 【答案】19．E 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍的是火烈鸟拥有长久的友谊。 19．根据空前的“She found that confident, aggressive flamingos walked proudly around in their friendship groups, while the quieter birds carefully avoid those individuals.(她发现自信、好斗的火烈鸟在友谊群中骄傲地走来走去，而安静的鸟儿则小心翼翼地避开那些个体。)”可知，有些安静的火烈鸟会避开这些在群体中骄傲地走来走去的火烈鸟，E选项“This avoidance may serve to prevent the fights.(这种回避可能有助于防止打架。)”中的this avoidance指代的内容与空前内容吻合，且符合逻辑。故选E项。 2）同一范畴词（上下义词或平行词） 平行词是指词义范畴平行并列；上下义词和同一范畴词就是前者包含了后者，或可以说后者是前者的一个子集。利用前后句中这样的特殊的同义关系常常可以很轻松地解题。你可以在选项中找到与此词汇最接近的词，从而达到快而准。一般来说，上下文中词汇联系越接近，上下文的衔接关系越紧密。 【示例】 Admittedly, connecting with the natural world might seem like an obvious motivation, and undoubtedly it is a key part of the attraction.___13___ If they were, we’d abandon any attempts at design, planting or care and watch how walls of weeds slowly gave way to the mass of bushes. But that wouldn’t be gardening, of course, because for all their diversity, the one thing that all gardens have in common is how unnatural they are.___14___ Dazzling plants, watch features and glorious blooms is all interconnected well beyond what would naturally occur. Whether it is green lawns created in the driest deserts or a tropical paradise on a stormy North Atlantic island, they are all about shaping the natural world to fit our idea of what it “ should” be. A．In reality gardens are anything but natural. B．What are the things they have been attracted to? C．They are idealized landscape with all the mud, pests and dead plants edited out. D．How much better a place the planet would be if gardening was our outlet for this need! E．Much like agriculture, gardening is a universal human desire coded into our cultural DNA． F．The calmness created by owning a tiny green space under my control has a powerful effect on my mind. 【答案】13．A 14．C 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了人们从事园艺工作的原因以及园艺的作用。 14．根据上文“But that wouldn’t be gardening, of course, because for all their diversity, the one thing that all gardens have in common is how unnatural they are.(但这当然不是园艺，因为尽管花园种类繁多，但所有花园都有一个共同点，那就是它们多么不自然)”可知，本句旨在指出花园的不自然之处：去掉了所有的泥土、害虫和枯死的植物，是理想化的景观。故C选项“去掉了所有的泥土、害虫和枯死的植物，是理想化的景观”符合语境，故选C。 知识点4 代词指代 英语表达中代词出现的频率极高，代词的作用无非是指代前面提及的名词或形容词概念，巧妙利用这样的指代关系和根据代词的单复数差异可以准确而快速地解题。例如it可指代单数名词或整个句子；they或them指代复数名词；one指代单数可数名词；that指代不可数名词或句子；this指代单数名词或句子;these 或those指代前句的复数名词。 【示例】 Do animals have feelings? Scientists believe that certain brain cells in humans called spindle cells (棱形细胞) are responsible for human social behavior and the interplay between thoughts and feelings. Studies have revealed that chimpanzee, dolphin and whale brains also possess spindle cells. ____1____ A．Although these are all animals that can act people-like, the presence of these cells does not mean that the animals have feelings. B．Anyone who claims to know what animals feel doesn’t have science on their side. C．In recent experiments, dogs have shown that they know to follow a human’s pointed finger to find a food treat. D．Many people think that empathy is a special emotion only humans show. E．Other experiments have cast doubt that animal behavior can reliably signify an underlying feeling. F．This illustrates the difficulty in accurately interpreting animal behavior as a marker of human-like feelings. 【答案】1．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。针对动物是否有感情，对黑猩猩、海豚和鲸鱼这类与人类有一样的棱形细胞的动物研究发现，虽然这些动物都能像人一样行动，但这些细胞的存在并不意味着动物有感情。对被责骂的狗的研究发现，狗无论是否做错，面对责骂，都会表现出内疚的表情。 1．前文“Scientists believe that certain brain cells in humans called spindle cells (棱形细胞) are responsible for human social behavior and the interplay between thoughts and feelings. Studies have revealed that chimpanzee, dolphin and whale brains also possess spindle cells. (科学家们认为，人类大脑中被称为棱形细胞的特定细胞负责人类的社会行为以及思想和感情之间的相互作用。研究表明，黑猩猩、海豚和鲸鱼的大脑也有梭形细胞。)”说明黑猩猩、海豚和鲸鱼的大脑也有和人类一样的棱形细胞。结合选项，A项“Although these are all animals that can act people-like, the presence of these cells does not mean that the animals have feelings. (虽然这些动物都能像人一样行动，但这些细胞的存在并不意味着动物有感情。)”照应前文，符合语境，是对前文的转折。而且选项中的“these are all animals”指代前文中的“chimpanzee, dolphin and whale”。故选A。 考●向●破●译 考向01 考查结构衔接手段（句式、篇章框架、形式对仗） 一、命题规律 上海卷小标题类、总分式段落高频考点，依靠外在句式、篇章框架格式锁定答案，不依赖语义逻辑词；全篇小标题句式统一（祈使 / 动名词 / 名词短语）、段落总分对仗结构是典型命题载体，可快速排除格式不符选项。 二、考查角度 小标题格式统一：全文小标题句式、词性保持一致； 篇章总分框架：段首总起句、段尾总结句形成 “总 — 分” 结构匹配； 句式对仗：前后句子祈使、疑问、名词短语结构对称呼应。 三、解题策略 若为小标题空：先观察已有小标题句式，直接剔除句式不匹配选项； 总分段落：段空匹配概括型短句，排除纯细节长句； 对仗句式：选项句式类型（祈使 / 名词短语）必须和上下文句子保持一致。 【例1】 题源：（2025~2026学年徐汇区二模47 _____________47__________ Expert Matt Young recommends beginning with a platform feeder—a flat tray that accommodates both large and small birds. For drier seed, a hopper feeder with a roof works well. To increase diversity, add tube feeders for finches, suet feeders for woodpeckers and wrens, and nectar feeders for hummingbirds. A. Young himself maintains 35 feeders, spacing them apart to reduce conflicts between species. B. Attracting birds starts with the right setup. C. A camera or a monitor is supposed to be installed near your house to observe the birds. D. Nectar feeders require daily or every-other-day cleaning to avoid mold and fermentation. E. Keeping feeders indoors will surely make your life full of fun and pleasure. F. Provide natural cover like trees, shrubs, or brush piles to shelter birds from predators. 答案：47. B 句意：吸引鸟类要从合适的配套设备入手。 解题依据：适配结构衔接（总分框架）；空格为段首总起句，后文全部罗列各类喂食设备（分述细节），形成标准 “总 — 分” 篇章结构；其余选项均为细节句，无法统领整段，结构功能不匹配。 干扰排除：A/F 为喂食摆放、庇护细节，D 为清洁细节，均属于段落分述内容，不能作总起句。 【47 题详解】 上文介绍后院观鸟的价值，后文依次介绍平台喂食器、管状喂食器等各类配套工具，整段是总分结构。B 选项为高度概括的名词性短句，作为段落总起，引出下文所有设备细节，符合总分篇章结构衔接规律，其余选项均为局部细节，无法统领全段。 【例2】 题源：（2025~2026学年嘉定区二模47） ____47____ Brands describe themselves as “biology-first” or “powered by biotech.” Creams promise to work “at a molecular (分子) level.” Lipsticks contain acids with “different molecular weights.” Water is sold with extra hydrogen (氢), as if two atoms were no longer enough. Even sports drinks, which once relied on images of sweating athletes, now proudly announce that they are “lab tested.” In a crowded market, science has become the new symbol of quality. A. A cream had vitamin C, and vitamin C helped skin. B. Many of the claims are reasonable, while others are meaningless nonsense. C. When science is being used to sell creams and drinks, science as a public good is under threat. D. Across fashion, beauty, and food, scientific language has become a powerful sales tool. E. In fact, science in the private interest doesn’t necessarily work like that. F. No one is looking up an academic study to make sure the claims on their package are accurate. 答案：47. D 句意：在时尚、美妆、食品行业，科学语言已经成为一种强有力的销售工具。 解题依据：适配结构衔接（总分框架）；空格总起段落，后文列举面霜、口红、饮用水、运动饮料多个行业案例，总分结构清晰；选项为宏观概括句，句式适配段首总起位置。 干扰排除：A 为单一面霜细节，F 为消费者行为细节，均为分论点内容，不具备总起结构功能。 【47 题详解】 前文以面膜举例商家堆砌科学术语，后文连续列举美妆、食品多个品类的营销套路，段落采用 “总观点 + 多例证” 框架。D 选项宏观概括全段核心现象，完美匹配总分结构的段首总起句式要求，其余选项仅针对单一细节，无法统领全部例子。 【例3】 题源：（2025~2026学年松江区二模49） In 2022, Yunnan successfully applied to the State Council to establish the Asian Elephant National Park, with the proposed area covering over 386 square kilometers. ____49____. First, China’s National Park Law, which came into force on January 1, 2026, has provided a strong legal foundation for the park’s establishment. ... And baseline research, habitat restoration, public education are advancing. A. Furthermore, Diao helps the insurance companies to assess elephant-related damages. B. Now various preparations of the park are progressing steadily in line with good planning. C. Therefore, local people decided to combine-their own efforts to drive the elephants away. D. In response to the application, local laws and policies are made and enacted at a fast pace. E. That is a severe problem facing the local people and different sides are attempting to solve it. F. To him, the park is a combination of locals’ peace and contentment and elephants’ suitable habitats. 答案：49. B 句意：如今公园各项筹备工作正按规划稳步推进。 解题依据：适配结构衔接（总分框架）；空格总起，后文 First 引导分点罗列法律、栖息地修复、科普等筹备工作，标准总分结构，概括型短句适配段首框架位置。 干扰排除：A 属于上一段保险制度细节，F 为文末人物观点，均无法总领本段分点内容。 【49 题详解】 前文说明云南申请建设亚洲象国家公园，后文用 First 分层列举各项筹备工作，段落为 “总述筹备推进 + 分点举例” 结构。B 选项总括本段核心话题 “公园筹备工作”，句式功能适配总分框架的总起句，其余选项话题与本段筹备内容无关。 考向02 考查逻辑衔接手段（显性逻辑连接词、句间逻辑关系） 一、命题规律 上海六选四最高频考点，依靠显性逻辑信号词判定句间关系，无需深度解读主旨；转折、因果、递进、举例、对比、让步为六大常考逻辑，选项自带逻辑连词是最直观解题线索。 二、考查角度 转折逻辑：however/but/yet/rather/on the contrary； 因果逻辑：therefore/thus/as a result/so； 递进逻辑：furthermore/moreover/what’s more； 举例逻辑：for example/such as/take...as an example； 让步对比：while/although/instead。 三、解题策略 标记空格前后逻辑词，判断前后语义关系； 匹配选项逻辑连词与上下文语义（前文正面，but 后必负面）； 递进类选项语义必须是前文内容延伸，因果类选项对应前文原因 / 后文结果。 【例1】 题源：（2025~2026学年杨浦区二模50） Some responses to the Government’s promises were positive. The Liberal Democrat party said it supports phasing out Ofwat. Mark Lloyd, from the Rivers Trust campaign group said the recommendations would lead to a dramatic improvement in the water environment. ___50___ A. The Government will also spend £104 billion to repair damaged pipes, build water treatment works and water storage facilities. B. Its plans include cutting pollution in rivers and seas and changing the way water companies are held responsible. C. But three billion liters of water are wasted every day in the UK because of leaky pipes. D. However, some activists said the report recommendations failed to prioritize public benefit over private profit and the public are tired of swimming in sewage and drowning in rising bills. E. Environment Secretary says the Government will adopt five of these straight away. F. It has announced that a new law concerning environmental protection will come into effect next year. 答案：50. D 句意：然而，一些活动人士表示，报告中的建议未能将公共利益置于私人利益之上，公众已经厌倦了在污水中游泳、被不断上涨的账单压得喘不过气来。 解题依据：适配逻辑衔接（转折 however）；前文全部为各界积极评价，选项 however 表转折，引出负面反对声音，前后语义对立，转折逻辑完全匹配。 干扰排除：A/E 为政府正面举措，无转折逻辑；C 话题管道漏水，和前文各界评价无关。 【50 题详解】 上文列举自由民主党、河流信托组织对政府治水方案的积极支持，语义为正向态度。D 选项以转折连词 However 开头，引出活动人士的批判观点，前后形成 “正面评价 vs 负面质疑” 对立转折逻辑，符合逻辑衔接解题规则，其余选项均无转折关系，无法衔接上下文。 【例2】 题源：（2025~2026学年闵行区二模47） Learning dog body language can be challenging for beginners. If your dog growls when you pet them, they’re likely saying “no”. Sometimes your dog growls to set a boundary: they don’t want to be petted right now. ___47___ So we should watch their body language and environmental cues to determine the cause of the growling. A. However, dogs can also growl out of pain or happiness. B. The key, in this case, is to observe your dog’s body language. C. Delaying medical attention could make its condition even worse. D. Noticing whether your dog is comfortable with contact is important. E. Therefore, reacting negatively to such signals may stop their expression. F. This may cause a dog to bite directly, as it feels its signals won’t be noticed otherwise. 答案：47. A 句意：然而，狗狗也可能因为疼痛或开心低吼。 解题依据：前文仅介绍 “狗狗低吼是拒绝抚摸” 单一原因，后文提出要综合线索判断低吼诱因，暗示存在多种低吼原因。A 选项用 however 转折，补充疼痛、开心两类低吼情形，完成 “单一原因→多种原因” 的逻辑过渡，逻辑连词与上下文语义匹配。 干扰排除：C 属于疼痛低吼段落细节，F 为惩罚低吼的后果，无法衔接多种成因的逻辑。 【47 题详解】 根据上文“Sometimes your dog growls to set a boundary: they don’t want to be petted right now.(有时狗狗低吼是在设定界限：它们现在不想被抚摸。)”可知，前文先提出一种低吼原因，结合下文“So we should watch their body language and environmental cues to determine the cause of the growling.(因此我们需要观察它们的肢体语言和环境线索来判断低吼的原因。)”可知，空处需要说明狗狗低吼还有其他原因。A选项（然而，狗狗也可能因为疼痛或开心而低吼。）承接上文一种原因，引出还有其他可能性，为下文判断原因做铺垫，符合语境。故选A项。 【例3】 题源：（2025~2026学年崇明区二模48） NASA and the European Space Agency’s Webb Space Telescope will observe this near-Earth asteroid in March before the object becomes impossible to see. ____48____ A telescope in Chile discovered the asteroid 2024 YR4 in late December. It is estimated to measure between 40 and 90 meters across. NASA said observations by the Webb space telescope should provide a more exact measurement. A. Furthermore, Diao helps the insurance companies to assess elephant-related damages. B. Now various preparations of the park are progressing steadily in line with good planning. C. Therefore, local people decided to combine-their own efforts to drive the elephants away. D. In response to the application, local laws and policies are made and enacted at a fast pace. E. That is a severe problem facing the local people and different sides are attempting to solve it. F. To him, the park is a combination of locals’ peace and contentment and elephants’ suitable habitats. 答案：48. A 句意：此外，刁还协助保险公司评估大象造成的损失。 解题依据：适配逻辑衔接（furthermore 递进）；前文介绍他的第一项工作：监测预警大象；furthermore 递进引出第二项工作：定损，语义层层延伸，递进逻辑匹配。 干扰排除：B/F 为国家公园话题，本段围绕保险制度，话题逻辑不连贯。 【48 题详解】 上文讲述刁的基础工作是实时监测大象、及时预警村民，后文完整介绍野生动物损失保险政策。A 选项递进连词 furthermore 承接前文工作内容，补充他参与保险定损的另一项职责，前后为同一人物的两项工作，递进逻辑清晰，是典型递进逻辑衔接考点。 考向03 考查词汇衔接手段（复现、同义、词汇链） 一、命题规律 无需代词、逻辑词，依靠相同 / 相近词汇串联上下文，是基础解题线索；高频原词、同义词汇重复出现，锁定词汇链即可快速锁定答案，干扰项缺少核心主题词。 二、考查角度 原词复现：全文核心名词、动词重复出现； 同义替换：protect=preserve, solve=deal with； 同语义场词汇：bird/feeder/nectar（鸟类喂食相关词汇链）。 三、解题策略 提取空格前后高频核心词，筛选包含该词 / 同义词的选项； 排除完全不含本段主题词汇的选项； 词汇链统一：选项词汇必须和上下文属于同一话题领域。 【例1】 题源：（2025~2026学年浦东新区二模49） Technology can be a regenerative force for connection... ____49____ For those who find traditional forms of communication challenging, pebbling can be a strong alternative for expressing affection and maintaining closeness without the pressure of sustained conversation. Traditional expressions of affection may not feel genuine, but pebbling can allow for relational development through digital actions. A. Critics argue that screens have replaced face-to-face conversations. B. In fact, pebbling can serve as a gentle bridge for those who are not used to conventional closeness. C. It is easy to overlook pebbling as an especially valuable form of communication for sociable people. D. It’s not surprising that this practice has earned a name: Pebbling. E. Rather, it can be a new path to building and maintaining close relationships. F. When transferred to human relationships, this practice involves tiny, considerate gestures. 答案：49. B 句意：事实上，对于不习惯传统亲密交流的人来说，“投石互动” 是一座温和的沟通桥梁。 解题依据：适配词汇衔接（pebbling 原词复现 + communication 同义替换 conventional closeness）；本段核心词 pebbling 贯穿，后文 traditional forms of communication 与选项 conventional closeness 同义，词汇匹配。 干扰排除：A 无 pebbling 核心词，脱离本段话题。 【49 题详解】 本段主题为 pebbling（数字化微小互动维系情感），后文关键词 traditional forms of communication（传统沟通方式）。B 选项复现核心词 pebbling，并用 conventional closeness 同义替换 traditional communication，形成完整词汇衔接链条，其余选项缺少本段核心词汇 pebbling。 【例2】 题源：（2025~2026学年普陀区二模49） Slowly, I started becoming more comfortable with the body I saw staring back at me in the mirror. My posture still needs improving and my jumps are never as high as they feel. But the idea that my body hasn’t become fixed and that it’s still a work in progress encourages me. ____49____ Instead of noticing only the beginnings of older age arriving, I now marvel at the changes I’ve seen as I’ve learned to stand with more confidence and courage. A. Every move made by me then invited my teacher’s critical evaluation. B. If anything, ballet is forcing me to rethink my relationship with my body. C. But I was determined to give it a try. D. Rather, he said, it’s about striving for perfection. E. I nearly injured myself the one time I tried to lift my leg onto the desk in an attempt to stretch. F. At the age of 50, I am finally a ballerina, though not the kind that anybody would pay money to see on stage. 答案：49. B 句意：如果说有什么改变，芭蕾迫使我重新思考自己和身体的关系。 解题依据：适配词汇衔接（body 原词复现）；前文核心词汇 body 反复出现，选项复现 body，后文讲述自身心态、身体变化，词汇话题统一。 干扰排除：C 为 47 题决心尝试，D 为老师完美论，无 body 核心词汇。 【49 题详解】 前文核心词汇 my body 多次出现，本段围绕芭蕾改变 “我对自身身体的认知” 展开。B 选项复现关键词 body，衔接前文 “身体没有定型” 与后文 “不再焦虑衰老、接纳身体变化”，依靠 body 词汇实现句间衔接，其余选项无身体相关词汇，话题断裂。 考向04 考查指代衔接 （人称 / 指示 / 替代代词 it/this/they/such/one） 一、命题规律 独立于词汇衔接，专门考查代词指代；选项出现 it/this/that/these/those/they/such，必须在前文找到对应指代对象（单数名词 / 复数名词 / 整件事），代词单复数、语义必须匹配前文。 二、考查角度 指示指代：this/that/these/those/such（指代前文概念、行为）； 人称指代：they/he/she/it（指代人 / 动物 / 事物）； 替代指代：one/ones（替代前文单数 / 复数名词）。 三、解题策略 定位选项代词，回原文寻找可指代的名词 / 事件； 核对单复数：this + 单数，these + 复数，they 对应复数主体； 排除 “指代悬空” 选项：前文无对应事物，直接排除。 【例1】 题源：（2025~2026学年金山区二模48） Cybercab represents a giant leap in both technology and concept. Its core is an advanced neural network that processes visual data in real time, enabling precise navigation and response to complex road situations. According to official data, its safety level is roughly ten times higher than that of human driving. (48)_________ It can cut down traffic accidents, ease congestion and lower travel costs significantly. A. Traditional taxis will gradually disappear in the near future. B. Some users complain about the limited space inside Cybercab. C. This breakthrough can greatly benefit traffic safety and efficiency. D. Meanwhile, public trust and understanding need to be gradually built. E. It is no longer just a means of transport but an intelligent mobile space. F. However, this pioneering invention also brings unavoidable challenges. 答案：48. C 句意：这一技术突破能极大提升交通安全与通行效率。 解题依据：适配指代衔接（This 指代前文无人驾驶高安全技术）；This breakthrough 指代上文 Cybercab 自动驾驶高安全性这项技术突破，后文 It 继续指代该技术，代词指代连贯。 干扰排除：F 中 this invention 表转折挑战，后文全讲优势，指代语义冲突。 【48 题详解】 上文介绍 Cybercab 搭载 AI 自动驾驶，安全系数远超人类驾驶，属于重大技术突破。C 选项指示代词 This 指代前文 “高安全自动驾驶技术”，后文 It 继续指代本句 this breakthrough，代词前后对应，无指代悬空，是典型指示指代衔接考点。 【例2】 题源：（2025~2026学年奉贤区二模48） Despite roughly 10,000 years of human-cattle coexistence, this is the first time scientists have documented a cow using a tool. ____48____ They then recorded which end she grabbed and which part of her body she scratched (挠). According to the researchers, Veronika rolled out her tongue like a carpet, using its flexible tip to grab the stick and roll it into her mouth. She then held the brush steadily, turned her neck, and scratched herself. This observation made scientists reconsider cows’ intelligence. A. More surprisingly, the animal can even adjust how she handles the tool. B. The multi-purpose nature of tool use is beyond everyone’s expectations. C. Her life circumstances may to some extent explain this unique behavior. D. An animal must intentionally grasp and control an object to achieve a goal. E. To test Veronika’s skills, researchers placed a brush on the ground near her. F. He is excited to add cows to the list of tool-using animals, but not surprised. 答案：48. E 句意：为测试维罗妮卡的能力，研究人员在它身旁地面放置一把刷子。 解题依据：适配指代衔接（They 指代选项内 researchers）；后文代词 They 对应选项复数名词 researchers，指代对象清晰，单复数匹配。 干扰排除：F 中 He 为单数男性，后文 They 复数，指代单复数冲突。 【48 题详解】 后文主语代词 They 为复数，需要前文出现复数人物名词。E 选项出现复数名词 researchers，后文 They 直接指代这群研究人员，讲述他们放置刷子后记录奶牛动作，人称指代匹配，无单复数矛盾。 【例3】 题源：（2025~2026学年静安区二模48） To overcome this challenge, the research team used an innovative approach: a soft detection device placed gently on the mother’s belly, combined with AI algorithms to remove motion interference. ___48___ The scans revealed a significant increase in neuronal activity around birth within specific brain networks. A. This allowed them to clean data and reconstruct neural activity in the fetal brain. B. In fact, this efficiency reaches its peak during the fetal stage. C. This suggests after forming many connections, the brain needs time to refine its network. D. However, scientists have long struggled to capture clear signals from the fetal brain. E. The activation of these areas has a clear adaptive value. F. Some researchers argue that genetic programming alone drives these early changes. 答案：48. A 句意：这一方法让他们能够清理数据并重建胎儿大脑神经活动。 解题依据：适配指代衔接（This 指代前文创新检测方法；them 指代 research team）；This 指代上文柔性设备 + AI 算法这套方案，them 指代前文研究团队，双重指代均有对应对象。 干扰排除：D 中 this challenge 对应 47 题，放置此处指代错位。 【48 题详解】 根据上文“To overcome this challenge, the research team used an innovative approach: a soft detection device placed gently on the mother’s belly, combined with AI algorithms to remove motion interference.(为了攻克这一难题，该研究团队采用了一种创新方法：将一个柔性检测设备轻柔地放置在孕妇腹部，并结合人工智能算法消除运动干扰)”可知，空格处应说明这一方法的效果。A选项 “This allowed them to clean data and reconstruct neural activity in the fetal brain.(这使得他们能够清理数据并重建胎儿大脑的神经活动)”承接上文，符合语境。上文介绍团队使用柔性检测设备 + AI 算法消除运动干扰的创新方案。A 选项指示代词 This 完整指代这套创新实验方法，代词 them 指代前文 the research team，两处指代均能在前文找到匹配对象，指代逻辑完整通顺。故选A项。 真题溯源·考向感知 ——溯源真题逻辑，感知高考考向 题组一 高考真题精选 （2023年1月·上海高考真题） Directions: Complete the following passage by using the sentences in the box Each sentence can only be used once. Note that there are two sentences more than you need. A. Before you stock up at cafe , know that it is possible to drink too much coffee. B. Coffee has its advantages and disadvantages according to different people. C. Researchers found that caffeine , particularly coffee , had a protective effect against depression. D. So by all means , grab that extra cup of coffee , but be sure to limit your intake. E.The mood-boosting news doesn't stop there. F. To sum up, more researchers should be done to clarify the relation between caffeine and depression. If you needed another excuse to grab another cup of coffee, consider this research a blessing to do so. A comprehensive analysis of 12 studies looked at nearly 350,000 individuals and more than 8 .000 cases of depression. (67)__________ In China, researchers analyzed 15 studies with more than 330 ,000 total participants. Their results showed that for every cup of coffee people drank, they reduced their risk of depression by 8 percent. (68)______________ Harvard researchers studied 10 years’ worth of data from 51 ,000 women ,none of whom had depression to begin with, The results showed that the women who drank the most coffee ( four or more cups a day) were 20 percent less likely to develop depression than those who drank little or none. Yes, coffee just got more magical than you thought possible. But why is this? The secret is in the brew's anti-inflammatory properties. Coffee contains chlorogenic acid, ferulic acid, and caffeic acid, all of which reduce the inflammation of nerve cells that bring on depression. Caffeine also has some antioxidant properties, which can help soothe inflamed areas of the brain. (69) _________Some side effects of a heavy caffeine intake include anxiety , headaches.brain.restlessness, and increased blood pressure. Ir the body experiences these too often, it could actually trigger the inflammation that may contribute to depression. Once the caffeine wears off, coffee drinkers may experience a drop in mood, and those who are already depressed can feel those effects more strongly. One interesting study found that drinking more coffee decreased chances of suicide , until participants drank eight or more cups a day. Then the risk increased by 58 percent. (70)__________If you have some leftover, here are surprising ways to use those spare coffee grounds. 【答案】67-70 CEAD 【导读】文章大意是，通过对多项研究的综合分析发现，咖啡与抑郁之间存在一定的关联。研究表明，喝咖啡可以降低患抑郁症的风险。一项研究在中国发现，每喝一杯咖啡，降低患抑郁症的风险就会减少8%。另外，哈佛大学的研究发现，喝咖啡的女性患抑郁症的可能性要比不喝咖啡的女性低20%。咖啡中的抗炎成分可以减轻导致抑郁症的神经细胞的炎症反应。然而，过量摄入咖啡因可能会引起一些副作用，如焦虑、头痛、躁动和血压升高。在咖啡因消退后，咖啡饮用者可能会情绪低落，而那些已经抑郁的人可能更加明显地感受到这种影响。此外，研究还发现，喝咖啡可以降低自杀的风险，但每天喝八杯或更多的咖啡则会增加自杀风险。文章最后提到了一些关于如何利用剩余咖啡渣的意外方法。 【解析】 67.C【解析]句意:研究人员发现，咖啡因，尤其是咖啡，有抑郁的作用。结合该空前后提及的A comprehensive analysis of 12 studies looked at nearly 350,000 individuals and more than 8,000 cases of depression.和Their results showed that for every cup of coffee people drank, they reduced their risk of depression by 8 percent.可推知该空处的内容与“咖啡能够降低患抑郁症的风险”相关，结合选项分析，C项符合文意，故选C。 68.E【解析]句意:令人振奋的消息还不止于此。结合该段内容可知，该段依旧在讲述喝咖啡的好处。根据The results showed that the women who drank the most coffee (four or more cups a day) were 20 percent less likely to develop depression than those who drank little or none.可知，咖啡对于女性降低患抑郁症的可能性也有效果，结合相关选项，E项能更好地衔接上下文，故选E。 69.A【解析]句意:在咖啡馆囤货之前，要知道人们可能会喝太多的咖啡。结合该段内容可知,该段讲述的是“咖啡带来的副作用”,且该空之后提及的Some side effects of a heavy caffeine intake与过量饮用咖啡相关，结合选项分析，A项提及的 it is possible to drink too much coffee能够与heavy caffeine intake对应,故选A。 70.D【解析]句意:所以，无论如何，多喝一杯咖啡，但一定要限制你的摄入量。结合上文讲述的咖啡对于“降低患抑郁症的风险”以及“过量摄入咖啡的副作用”可推知，该文章不仅仅说明喝咖啡的好处，也在 劝诫人们喝咖啡要适量。D项能够概括文章观点，故选D。 Passage 2 （2022年1月·上海高考真题） Directions: Complete the following passage by using the sentences in the box Each sentence can only be used once. Note that there are two sentences more than you need. A.However,this is not the case when libraries lend e-books. B. This may not be a big issue now, for e-books are minor in publishing. C. Also, publishers assume get more profits from libraries where readers pay them more. D. Publishing contracts often don't specify whether and how much authors receive for e-books sales or for e-lending. E. Extension alone would do little if the current funds under the schemes were merely re-distributed from books to e-books. F. For this reason, authors and publishers have been talking the Government into extending the Lending Rights Schemes to e-books. Should Writers Be Paid for Their E-books Lent by Libraries? When libraries lend books to the public, authors and publishers receive remuneration from the Government under the Lending Rights schemes. (67 )________________________ Is this fair? This year, the government has distributed almost a $ 22 million under these Public Lending Rights and Educational Lending Rights Schemes. For each book in public library collections creators receive $ 2.1l and publishers receive $ 0.52. The amount that each claimant receives is often not very significant, with the majority of authors receiving between S 100-500 annually, Still, a previous study has revealed that this remuneration constitutes the second most important source of income for creators from their creative work.. E-books, however, are not covered by these Lending Rights schemes. (68)____________ But e-book lending is increasing and, according to the Australian Library and Information Association, e-books are likely to reach 20% of library holdings by 2020. Also, most, if not all, self-published titles are done so in digital format only. Such self-published titles , if lent by libraries ,would not qualify for any remuneration. (69) _____________ Although the Book Industry Collaborative Council made such proposal already in a report of 2013 , nothing has happened of yet. One of the main reasons why e-books are not covered is that e-book lending is quite different from print book lending. In case of print books, authors and publishers are arguably losing on customers and revenues when libraries loan their books for free.Creators only receive $2. 11 and publishers receive $0. 52 for each book in public library collections. At present, in the case of -books, many publishers chose not to sell these books to libraries.( 70)_______ While publishers charge libraries high prices for e-books, writers complain that these amounts do not reach them. Publishing contracts often don't specify whether and how much authors receive for e-books sales or for e-lending. 【答案】67-70 ABFC 【解析】 67. A[解析]根据文章标题以及该空前提及的 When libraries lend books to the public, authors and publishers receive remuneration from the Government under the Lending Rights schemes 和该空后提及的 Is this fair?可推知，此处是对两种图书代阅所获收益情况的比较，以判定其是否公平。结合相关选项推知，上文讲述了实体书的借阅收益来源情况，此处应该说明电子书借阅收益情况，故选 A。句意. 然而，当图书馆借出电子书时，情况并非如此。 68. B [解析]结合该空前提及的 E-books,however,are not covered by these Lending Rights schemes 可知，电子书目前没有受到相关拨款政策的支持，再结合下段内容分析，这里对电子书之后发展收益情况有所担忧。因此结合相关选项分析，此处需要将现在情况与将来情况进行衔接，B 项表述的内容符合文意，故选 B。句意:现在这可能不是一个大问题，因为电子书在出版方面是次要的。 69. F [解析]结合上段提及的关于电子书将来的发展猜想，以及该空之后提及的Although the Book Industry Collaborative Council made such proposal already in a report of 2013, nothing has happened of yet 可知，相关部门已经提出了建议，但并未得到实施。结合相关选项分析，该空处与“提出相关建议”有关，故选 F。句意:因此，作者和出版商一直在说服政府将借阅权计划扩展到电子书。 70.C [解析]结合该空前提及的 At present,in the case of e-books,many publishers chose not lo sell these books to libraries 和下段内容可知，此处在讲述有关于电子节出版商未将电子书卖给图书馆，而是通过向图书馆收取费用获得相关收益。结合相关选项分析，与电子书收益相关只有 C项符合，故选 C。句意:此外，出版商认为读者支付更多的图书馆会带来更多的利润。 题组二 名校试题精选 Passage 1 【来源】上海市宜川中学2025-2026学年第二学期阶段练高三英语 Skillcation Travel today is no longer just about sightseeing or relaxing. Many people now choose trips with special purposes — “sleepcations” for rest, “sports tourism” for big events, or “gig tripping” to follow favorite singers. 1 It gives travelers the chance to develop new skills while enjoying a change of scene. According to Ben Martin, an economics director at the architecture and hospitality firm HKS, skillcations reflect people’s growing wish to learn through experience. 2 Such activities not only make travel more meaningful — but also bring a sense of growth and creativity that lasts long after the trip ends. 3 In India, the Kerala Tourism Development Corporation offers “skillcation packages” where visitors can take part in painting, swimming, acting, or cooking lessons. Similar programs appear in many countries: cheese-making in Switzerland, flamenco dancing in Spain, glacier research in Iceland, or ice sculpting in China. These experiences often lead to cultural connection, self-confidence, and new friendships as travelers share the joy of learning together. Still, a skillcation is not for everyone. It sometimes requires effort, patience, and the courage to step outside one’s comfort zone. 4 Yet for curious minds, this kind of travel can be deeply rewarding. Returning home with a new ability or memory gives people a strong sense of achievement and may inspire them to explore further. Even a short trip can include elements of skill-building — a cooking class, a flower-arranging workshop, or an archery lesson. The key is to choose what truly interests you and fits your experience. With an open mind and a bit of adventure, a skillcation can turn ordinary travel into a journey of personal discovery. A．A newer idea, the skillcation, combines leisure with learning. B．Skillcation, as its name suggests, is a short holiday taken to disconnect from work, C．Instead of simply visiting landmarks, travelers join cooking, pottery, or dance classes, or learn local crafts. D．Some destinations are already promoting this trend. E．There are also ways to include elements of skill-building in your travels without taking a full-on skillcation. F．Those who prefer complete rest may find it tiring. 【答案】1．A 2．C 3．D 4．F 【导语】文章主要介绍了“技能度假”这一新型旅行方式，结合休闲与技能学习，列举全球实例并探讨其价值与挑战。 【详解】1．上文“Travel today is no longer just about sightseeing or relaxing. Many people now choose trips with special purposes — “sleepcations” for rest, “sports tourism” for big events, or “gig tripping” to follow favorite singers.(如今的旅行不再仅仅是观光或放松。许多人现在选择有特殊目的的旅行——为了休息的“睡眠度假”、为了大型赛事的“体育旅游”，或是为了追随喜爱歌手的“追星旅行”)”列举了当今多样化的旅行目的，说明旅行已超越传统的观光休闲。空后“It gives travelers the chance to develop new skills while enjoying a change of scene.(它让旅行者在享受环境变化的同时，有机会发展新技能)”阐述了某种旅行方式能让游客在享受风景的同时掌握新技能。空处需承上启下，引出“技能度假”这一核心概念。选项A“A newer idea, the skillcation, combines leisure with learning(一个较新的概念“技能度假”，将休闲与学习结合起来)”中的“skillcation”呼应后文“develop new skills”，“combines leisure with learning”总结了前文多种旅行目的的特点，起到了承上启下的过渡作用，符合语境。 2．上文“According to Ben Martin, an economics director at the architecture and hospitality firm HKS, skillcations reflect people’s growing wish to learn through experience.(据建筑和酒店公司HKS的经济学总监本·马丁称，“技能度假”反映了人们通过体验来学习的日益增长的愿望)”指出技能度假反映了人们渴望通过体验来学习的心理需求。空后“Such activities not only make travel more meaningful but also bring a sense of growth and creativity that lasts long after the trip ends.(此类活动不仅让旅行更有意义，还能带来成长感和创造力，这种感觉在旅行结束后仍能长久持续)”强调了此类活动带来的深层价值和持久影响。空处需具体说明“通过体验学习”的实际表现形式。选项C“Instead of simply visiting landmarks, travelers join cooking, pottery, or dance classes, or learn local crafts(旅行者不再只是参观地标，而是参加烹饪、陶艺或舞蹈课程，或学习当地手工艺)”中的“join... classes, learn... crafts”是对前文“learn through experience”的具体举例，与后文“Such activities”相呼应，符合语境。 3．空后“In India, the Kerala Tourism Development Corporation offers “skillcation packages” where visitors can take part in painting, swimming, acting, or cooking lessons. Similar programs appear in many countries: cheese-making in Switzerland, flamenco dancing in Spain, glacier research in Iceland, or ice sculpting in China.(在印度，喀拉拉邦旅游发展公司推出了“技能体验套餐”，游客可以参加绘画、游泳、表演或烹饪课程。类似的项目在许多国家都有出现：瑞士有奶酪制作课程，西班牙有弗拉门戈舞蹈课程，冰岛有冰川研究课程，中国有冰雕制作课程)列举了印度、瑞士、西班牙等地官方推出的具体项目。空处需总领下文，说明各地对这一趋势的响应。选项D“Some destinations are already promoting this trend(一些目的地已经在推广这一趋势)”中的“this trend”指代“skillcation”，“destinations”与后文列举的国家地名相对应，起到了引出具体实例的作用，符合语境。 4．上文“Still, a skillcation is not for everyone. It sometimes requires effort, patience, and the courage to step outside one’s comfort zone.(尽管如此，“技能度假”并不适合所有人。它有时需要努力、耐心，以及走出舒适区的勇气)”指出技能度假存在的门槛和挑战，需要付出努力。空后“Yet for curious minds, this kind of travel can be deeply rewarding.(然而，对于充满好奇心的人来说，这种旅行能带来极大的回报)”通过“Yet”进行转折，强调其对特定人群的丰厚回报。空处需承接前文的“挑战”，并与后文的“rewarding”形成对比。选项F“Those who prefer complete rest may find it tiring(那些喜欢彻底休息的人可能会觉得这很累人)”中的“prefer complete rest”与前文“effort, patience”构成对立，“find it tiring”与后文“deeply rewarding”形成鲜明对比，逻辑连贯，符合语境。 Passage 2 【来源】上海市南洋模范中学2025-2026学年高三上学期初态考英语试卷 Global business:China’s new brand ambassadors Ask a westerner for an example of a successful Chinese consumer goods brand, and until recently most would have struggled. Although China is the world’s premier manufacturing power, it has long lagged behind when it comes to imaginative home-grown retail brands and products. This is now changing. 5 From Stockholm to Sydney, the electric car gliding silently by is increasingly likely to be Chinese. Mixue, a retailer of ice-cream and cold drinks, has dethroned McDonald’s as the world’s largest fast-food chain by number of outlets. Chagee, a chain of tea shops, is on track to have at least 1,300 stores outside China by the end of 2027. And Pop Mart, a Chinese toymaker, has created a buzz worthy of Disney around its strange grinning nine-toothed dolls, called Labubus. Fans include Rihanna, a pop star, and Sir David Beckham, a footballer. Western shoppers have bought goods made in China for decades. But these were largely made for, and designed by, foreign firms. More recently, internet retailers such as Shein and Temu have won over customers with cheap, cheerful clothes and consumer goods, while downplaying their Chinese origins. 6 Scandals around food safety and labour standards did not help. New firms are now overturning those old assumptions. Many happily advertise their roots. The logo of Chagee shows a Peking Opera singer in full headdress. “Black Myth: Wukong”, one of the most successful video games ever, features the Monkey King from “Journey to the West”, a 16th century novel. Many brands now compete on quality as well as price. Chagee’s drinks can be as costly as Starbucks. 7 In the past, Chinese firms typically succeeded by learning to replicate Western products cheaply. Now they are accumulating valuable intellectual property of their own. 8 Within China, the premium that foreign brands command simply for being foreign is eroding. In the future they will need to try harder to understand Chinese customers’ particular tastes and do deals with inventive Chinese partners, to gain insight and inspiration. Competition from China may eventually push Disney, Mattel and other Western mega-brands to new heights of creativity. Chinese brands’ westward journey, like the Monkey King’s, could bring significant rewards. A．Chinese brands were long seen as poor-quality, unimaginative and unfairly subsidised. B．Western firms have to wake up and smell the bubble tea. C．Pop Mart toys, once dismissed as cheap trinkets, now command premium prices among global collectors. D．Innovative Chinese brands are popping up everywhere. E．Chinese EVs offer dazzling entertainment systems as well as low prices. F．Western companies may try to imitate Chinese brands’ approaches to innovation. 【答案】5．D 6．A 7．E 8．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了中国本土消费品牌正迎来全球化发展的新趋势，打破了西方对中国品牌的固有印象，在品质、创新和品牌文化上实现突破，同时也给西方品牌带来了竞争与发展的新挑战。 【详解】5．本题在第一段段中，根据它前面的句子“This is now changing.(情况如今正在发生改变)”以及后面的句子“From Stockholm to Sydney, the electric car gliding silently by is increasingly likely to be Chinese. Mixue, a retailer of ice-cream and cold drinks, has dethroned McDonald’s as the world’s largest fast-food chain by number of outlets. Chagee, a chain of tea shops, is on track to have at least 1,300 stores outside China by the end of 2027. And Pop Mart, a Chinese toymaker, has created a buzz worthy of Disney around its strange grinning nine-toothed dolls, called Labubus.(从斯德哥尔摩到悉尼，悄然驶过的电动轿车，越来越有可能是中国造。蜜雪冰城这家冰淇淋与冷饮零售品牌，已凭借门店数量超越麦当劳，成为全球最大的快餐连锁品牌。霸王茶姬这一茶饮连锁品牌，计划到2027年底在海外开设至少1300家门店。而中国玩具制造商泡泡玛特，凭借旗下咧嘴笑的九齿奇异玩偶拉布布，打造出了堪比迪士尼的超高人气)”可知，本空要表明中国创新品牌在全球范围内不断涌现才能承上启下，D项表示“富有创新力的中国品牌正在世界各地涌现”符合要求。故选D。 6．本题在第二段段中。根据它前面一句“More recently, internet retailers such as Shein and Temu have won over customers with cheap, cheerful clothes and consumer goods, while downplaying their Chinese origins.(近来，希音、特姆等电商平台凭借物美价廉的服饰和消费品赢得消费者青睐，却刻意淡化其中国背景)”和后面一句“Scandals around food safety and labour standards did not help.(食品安全和劳工标准方面的丑闻更是雪上加霜)”可知，本空要说西方消费者对中国品牌的固有负面印象，A项表示“长期以来，中国品牌被认为质量低劣、缺乏创意且受到不正当补贴”能承上启下，符合题意。故选A。 7．本题在第三段段末。根据它前面一句“Many brands now compete on quality as well as price. Chagee’s drinks can be as costly as Starbucks.(如今许多中国品牌既拼价格也拼品质，霸王茶姬的饮品定价堪比星巴克)”可知，本空需通过举例进一步佐证中国品牌兼具价格与品质的竞争优势，以此承接前文观点。E项表示“中国电动汽车不仅价格亲民，还配备了亮眼的娱乐系统” 能承接上文。故选E。 8．本题在末段段中。根据它前面一句“Now they are accumulating valuable intellectual property of their own.(如今中国企业正积累属于自己的宝贵知识产权)”和后面的句子“Within China, the premium that foreign brands command simply for being foreign is eroding. In the future they will need to try harder to understand Chinese customers’ particular tastes and do deals with inventive Chinese partners, to gain insight and inspiration. Competition from China may eventually push Disney, Mattel and other Western mega-brands to new heights of creativity.(在中国市场，外资品牌仅凭洋品牌的身份就能获得的溢价正不断缩水。未来，这些品牌需要更加用心地去理解中国消费者的独特喜好，与富有创新能力的中国合作伙伴开展合作，以此汲取洞见、获得灵感。来自中国品牌的竞争，或许最终会推动迪士尼、美泰等西方大型品牌在创意领域迈上全新的高度)”可知，本空要说西方品牌需要正视中国品牌的竞争优势，做出改变，B项表示“西方企业必须尽快警醒，闻闻珍珠奶茶的味道，正视中国品牌的崛起”能承上启下，符合题意。故选B。 Passage 3 【来源】上海市格致中学2025-2026学年高三上学期阶段检测试卷 Meet Generation Alpha What comes after Z? Lots of names have been proposed for the world’s youngest generation, born roughly since 2010. Some are predictable, such as “iPad kids” and “Generation AI”. Others are confusing, as with “Polars”, which refers to both growing polarization and shrinking ice caps. One name has caught on in the English-speaking West: “Generation Alpha”. It symbolizes a fresh chapter, says Mark McCrindle, the Australian social scientist behind it. “Alpha” has recently become a popular word. 9 Most have come to reveal things Alphas are interested in (video games, sports) and not (recycling, the news). Some have even predicted the future: Alphas, they say, will be the most innovative group yet. Such insights make for good headlines. But social scientists agree that it is too soon to identify the distinctive characteristics of a group that includes very young kids. 10 According to Bobby Duffy, a professor at King’s College London, plenty of judgments made now will be proved wrong in the future. 11 Alpha is projected to be the world’s largest generation, with more than 2bn members. By 2029 nearly $5.5trn will be spent on Alphas a year, predicts Mr McCrindle’s research firm. That presents an opportunity for businesses, and for the marketing firms that advice “how to prepare for Gen Alpha”. Restrictions around marketing to youngsters prevent many insights. Governments regulate advertisements aided at minors, and stop their personal data from being collected without their parents’ agreement. 12 But no one can deny that Alphas are in their formative years. Attitudes and values change as people grow up and settle as they come of age. It will be at least five years before Alphas are old enough for real differences to be seen between them and others, according to Mr Duffy. Until then, we will know. A．There are disagreements about whether Alphas should include those born between 2010 and 2012. B．It is still hard to say whether Mr McCrindle’s preference of the Greek term will receive enough support. C．Predicting how these children will turn out as adults has no real value at the moment. D．Some surveys about Gen Alphas are filled out by parents, who interpret their children’s habits. E．A number of reports and surveys have been published about these youngsters. F．Research is largely driven by commercial interests. 【答案】9．E 10．C 11．F 12．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了“Alpha一代”的命名由来、相关研究、商业价值及目前对其认知的局限性。 9．上文““Alpha” has recently become a popular word.(“Alpha”最近成了一个流行词)”提到“Alpha”最近成为一个流行词，E选项“A number of reports and surveys have been published about these youngsters. (已经发布了许多关于这些年轻人的报告和调查。)”进一步说明关于“Alpha”这一群体有很多报告和调查发布，与上文话题紧密相连，符合语境。故选E。 10．上文“But social scientists agree that it is too soon to identify the distinctive characteristics of a group that includes very young kids. (但社会科学家一致认为，要确定一个包括非常年幼的孩子的群体的独特特征还为时过早。)”指出确定“Alpha”群体独特特征还太早，C选项“Predicting how these children will turn out as adults has no real value at the moment. (预测这些孩子成年后会变成什么样目前没有真正的价值。)”进一步说明预测这些孩子成年后的情况目前没有价值，与上文逻辑相符，承接上文。故选C。 11．下文“Alpha is projected to be the world’s largest generation, with more than 2bn members. By 2029 nearly $5.5trn will be spent on Alphas a year, predicts Mr McCrindle’s research firm. That presents an opportunity for businesses, and for the marketing firms that advice “how to prepare for Gen Alpha”. (预计Alpha将成为世界上最大的一代，成员超过20亿。麦肯德尔的研究公司预测，到2029年，每年将在Alpha身上花费近5.5万亿美元。这为企业以及为“如何为Alpha一代做准备”提供建议的营销公司提供了机会。)”主要讲述了关于“Alpha”一代的研究对企业和营销公司有商业价值，F选项“Research is largely driven by commercial interests. (研究在很大程度上是由商业利益驱动的。)”概括了下文内容，引出下文，符合语境。故选F。 12．上文“Restrictions around marketing to youngsters prevent many insights. Governments regulate advertisements aided at minors, and stop their personal data from being collected without their parents’ agreement. (围绕向年轻人营销的限制阻碍了许多见解。政府监管针对未成年人的广告，并阻止未经父母同意收集他们的个人数据。)”说明对向年轻人营销有限制，D选项“Some surveys about Gen Alphas are filled out by parents, who interpret their children’s habits. (一些关于Alpha一代的调查是由父母填写的，他们解释孩子的习惯。)”进一步说明由于限制，一些关于“Alpha”一代的调查是由父母填写并解释孩子习惯的，与上文话题相关，承接上文。故选D。 1 / 19 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $