专题07 阅读理解（说明文）（1年汇编）（全国通用01期）2026年中考英语真题分类汇编

**基本信息** 精选2026年多省市中考英语说明文阅读真题，涵盖科技（AI灭蚊设备）、生态（塑料回收）、文化（中国诗歌）等主题，强化信息整合与跨学科思维，适配中考备考需求。 **题型特征** |题型|题量/分值|知识覆盖|命题特色| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |阅读理解|15语篇，50小题|事实细节（牛鲨研究数据）、词义指代（塑料回收中it指代）、段落主旨（邮政历史发展）、推理判断（无人机环保价值）、标题归纳（自然模式科普）|图文结合（智能冰箱功能）、跨段对比（中西方灭蚊设备差异）、融入中国科技生态成就（长江保护动物）、突出文化自信（诗歌教学活动）|

专题07 阅读理解（说明文） 考点类别 命题解读 创新考法 / 重点变化 事实细节 占比最高，考查数据、步骤、事物特征、因果，定位原文作答 大量图文结合；增设跨段对比、计算类细节；同义替换增多，弱化原句照搬 词义 / 代词指代 依托上下文猜科普生词、it/they 指代对象 代词跨段落指代；用科普现象、数据线索猜专业词汇 段落主旨 概括段意、判断段落作用（引出 / 举例 / 解释） 考查说明方法识别（列数字、对比），区分事例与核心观点 推理判断 推断研发初衷、作者态度、技术前景、隐藏价值 强化思辨，结合中国科技、生态成就进行价值推断 标题 / 写作目的 概括全文说明对象与核心价值 素材融合国产科技、生态保护、传统文化，突出文化自信 整体变化：选材覆盖国产设备、生态治理、传统文化科普；多模态图文常态化；减少直白查找，侧重信息整合、逻辑分析，落实跨学科素养。 （2026·安徽·中考真题）Bull sharks (牛鲨) have friends too, scientists have discovered. People usually think sharks live alone, but a new study suggests that bull sharks have friends they like to spend time with. Scientists watched 184 sharks over six years. The sharks were fed together inside a protected area. Researchers could go deep down and watch them. The team recorded their actions, such as sharks leading and following each other and how close together the sharks swam. They found that both male (雄性的) and female (雌性的) bull sharks like to play with females, but males form more social relationships. This might be because males are smaller than females, so having more friends protects them from larger sea animals. The researchers said that like other animals, bull sharks might learn new skills, find food and stay safe from enemies by social connections. “As humans, we build different kinds of social relationships. And these sharks are doing similar things,” said Natasha Marosi, who led the research. The scientists said understanding bull sharks’ actions can teach us more about how they live together and move around, which can help with shark protection. 1．What does the new study find about bull sharks? A．They live alone. B．They like humans. C．They have friends. D．They feed each other. 2．What might be the reason for male sharks to form more social relationships? A．They need protection. B．They want to be leaders. C．They need more areas. D．They want to meet females. 3．What is the last paragraph mainly about? A．The meaning of the study. B．The cause of human action. C．The advantage of social life. D．The way of shark protection. 【答案】1．C 2．A 3．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了科学家针对牛鲨开展的最新研究，推翻了人们认为鲨鱼独居的固有认知，证明牛鲨会发展社交关系拥有朋友，介绍了不同性别牛鲨的社交特点，同时说明了这项研究对牛鲨保护的意义。 【详解】 1．第一段“Bull sharks (牛鲨) have friends too, scientists have discovered...but a new study suggests that bull sharks have friends they like to spend time with.”，该句直接点明新研究的核心发现是牛鲨拥有愿意一同相处的朋友。 2．第三段“This might be because males are smaller than females, so having more friends protects them from larger sea animals.”，该句明确说明雄性牛鲨体型更小，发展更多社交关系是为了获得保护，免受大型海洋动物攻击。 3．最后一段“understanding bull sharks’ actions can teach us more about how they live together and move around, which can help with shark protection.”，该段核心内容是阐述这项研究的价值与意义，即帮助人们了解牛鲨的生存模式，进而助力牛鲨保护工作。 （2026·福建·中考真题）Plastic production has been rising since the end of World War II. Plastic has greatly influenced modern life. It is widely used in clothing, electronic goods, cars and healthcare. In fact, plastic is not a single material. A study shows that 16, 000 different chemicals are used in making plastics. When plastic ends up in nature, it can take hundreds of years to break down. It pollutes soil and water. People have realized the plastic pollution problem. Thanks to modern recycling technology, we see products made from recycled plastic — from T-shirts to bags to building materials. This is the magic of turning waste plastic into valuable products. Scientists are developing more and more effective methods to recycle waste plastic. For example, researchers break down plastics into reusable chemicals by using heat, pressure and a kind of special water. Another technology creates a plastic mix to break down waste plastic into oil for new plastics. Scientists also use electric current (电流) to turn waste plastic into high quality graphene (石墨烯). The graphene helps to develop new cancer treatments. Recycling reduces the need to produce new plastic from oil. Besides, it helps to control environmental pollution. However, recycling plastic is not always easy. Different types of waste plastics must be separated and well cleaned. China has been stressing the importance of recycling and has taken action to improve it. Many schools try to encourage students to recycle properly. For example, students may get an award, such as a small toy or a pencil, for putting empty bottles into smart recycling machines. Factories are encouraged to use recycled materials in their products. With each recycled bottle, China moves one step closer to a future where nothing is truly wasted—everything is just waiting for its next use. 1．What do we know about plastic from Paragraph 1? A．Plastic production started after World War II. B．Plastic is commonly used in modern life. C．There are many ways of producing plastic. D．Producing plastic takes a long time. 2．In which way can waste plastic be recycled? A．By mixing reusable chemicals into it. B．By inventing a plastic mix to break it down. C．By breaking down high quality graphene. D．By developing new cancer treatments. 3．What does the underlined word “it” in Paragraph 4 refer to? A．Oil. B．New plastic. C．The need. D．Recycling. 4．What does the last paragraph focus on? A．The importance of recycling. B．The awards for recycling. C．The efforts in recycling. D．The future of recycling. 5．Which would be the best title for the text? A．Plastic Production over Time B．Waste Plastic: Serious Pollution C．Effective Methods of Using Plastic D．Recycling: New Life of Waste Plastic 【答案】1．B 2．B 3．D 4．C 5．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲了塑料应用广泛但难以降解、会造成环境污染，人们通过多种技术回收废旧塑料变废为宝，介绍了塑料回收的意义与难点，同时阐述我国在推动塑料回收利用方面采取的相关举措，倡导资源循环利用。 【详解】 1．第一段第2、3句“Plastic has greatly influenced modern life. It is widely used in clothing, electronic goods, cars and healthcare.”，直接说明塑料在现代生活中应用广泛。 2．第三段第3句“Another technology creates a plastic mix to break down waste plastic into oil for new plastics. ”，说明有一种技术调配塑料混合物，分解废旧塑料。 3．第四段第1句、第四段第2句“Recycling reduces the need to produce new plastic from oil.”、“Besides, it helps to control environmental pollution.”，代词it通常指代前文刚出现的单数核心主语，前一句主语是Recycling (回收利用)，所以it指代Recycling。 4．第五段最后一句展望回收的未来前景， 整段全部在列举中国在塑料回收领域做出的各项行动与付出的努力，因此主旨是“The efforts in recycling”。 5．文章首先指出塑料污染问题，随后重点介绍了多种将废塑料转化为有价值产品的回收技术，最后以中国的回收努力为例，展望了“无废”未来，全文核心在于通过回收赋予废塑料“新生” 。 （2026·福建·中考真题）With the world becoming warmer because of climate change, mosquitoes are busy enlarging their living space. Now, a Chinese company has created a new device which can detect mosquitoes and then kill them. The device promises a future in which the peace and quiet of a summer evening is no longer broken by flying mosquitoes. The small, light device uses AI to discover mosquitoes as small as 2 millimeters (毫米). Within 0.003 seconds, it fires a high-energy laser (激光) that disables a mosquito midflight — a course that can hardly be seen by humans — and can kill up to 30 mosquitoes every second. The Chinese device is not alone in mosquito control. The Locus, which is made by a foreign company, uses computers to locate (定位) mosquitoes indoors. However, while the Locus focuses on location, the Chinese device goes a step further by killing mosquitoes. It is not easy to improve the accuracy rate (准确率). The early models of the Chinese device failed to correctly discover mosquitoes within a short distance, as they were influenced by background noise. After years of hard work, careful research and countless tests, the company put AI and laser technology together, enabling a discovery rate of over 95 percent within six meters. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), there are over 3,500 kinds of mosquitoes in the world. About 200 kinds can spread diseases. Every year, mosquitoes kill more than 700,000 people. Millions of people face this risk every day. This new Chinese device provides a safe and effective way to fight mosquitoes and protect people’s health. 1．What does the underlined word “detect” in Paragraph 1 most probably mean? A．Warn. B．Blow. C．Watch. D．Discover. 2．How does the writer prove the effectiveness of the device in Paragraph 2? A．By telling a story. B．By listing numbers. C．By making comparisons. D．By using experts’ words. 3．What is an advantage of the Chinese device over the Locus? A．Killing mosquitoes after location. B．Focusing on mosquitoes outdoors. C．Finding mosquitoes in a short time. D．Using AI to drive mosquitoes away. 4．What does Paragraph 4 mainly talk about? A．How the device was tested. B．The influence of noise on accuracy. C．How AI was used in the device. D．The road to a high accuracy rate. 5．What can we learn from the last paragraph? A．Most mosquitoes are dangerous. B．The Chinese device is of great use. C．Mosquitoes around us have been controlled. D．The Chinese device is praised by the WHO. 【答案】1．D 2．B 3．A 4．D 5．B 【导语】本文主要介绍了一款中国新型灭蚊设备，解释它利用AI和激光探测、灭杀蚊子的工作原理，对比国外同类产品的优势，讲述研发过程中提升识别准确率的历程，并结合世卫组织数据说明这款设备对抗蚊虫、保护人类健康的实用价值。 【详解】 1．根据第一段原文“a new device which can detect mosquitoes and then kill them”，和第二段“The small, light device uses AI to discover mosquitoes”可知，两处同义替换， detect含义和discover（发现、探测）一致。 2．根据第二段出现多处数字“2 millimeters、0.003 seconds、up to 30 mosquitoes every second”可知，作者通过罗列具体数据来体现设备高效，以此证明设备效果。 3．根据第三段“The Locus…uses computers to locate mosquitoes indoors. However, while the Locus focuses on location, the Chinese device goes a step further by killing mosquitoes.”可知，国外设备Locus仅能定位蚊子，而这款国产设备在定位蚊子后还能将其灭杀，这就是它独有的优势。 4．根据第四段“It is not easy to improve the accuracy rate…After years of hard work…enabling a discovery rate of over 95 percent within six meters. ”可知，本段讲述设备从识别准确率不佳，经过长期钻研改良后实现超高识别率的完整过程，因此段落核心是提升准确率的研发历程， 5．根据第五段引用世卫组织数据说明蚊虫传播疾病、致人死亡的严重危害，结尾点明“This new Chinese device provides a safe and effective way to fight mosquitoes and protect people’s health”，核心表达这款国产设备作用巨大、实用性强。 （2026·河南·中考真题）Did you notice how nature sometimes repeats itself? Something that repeats is called a pattern. There are many patterns for you to study and learn. Look around you. Patterns are everywhere. You may see bright and colorful patterns if you look at fish in the sea. In a bee’s honeycomb, the six-sided shape is repeated many times. Some leaves always have five points on them. Listening carefully, you will find a noisy world. Dogs bark, the rain falls and the wind blows. Are these patterns? Of course! Sounds that repeat are patterns. A cricket (蟋蟀) uses its wings to make repeated chirping (啁啾叫) sounds. Do you know that a cricket’s chirp changes with the temperature? The hotter it is, the more chirps a cricket will make. Try to find out how living things grow around you. Seeds (种子) grow into plants. A butterfly begins life as an egg. Each living thing has its own pattern as it grows. When a human baby is born, it is small. With time, the baby learns to lift its head and learns to roll over. Finally, the baby learns to stand up and walk. This kind of pattern is called a pattern of development. If something happens over and over, it, too, forms a pattern. For example, you get up at 7:00 every morning. You get dressed and then eat breakfast at 7:30 a.m. If you repeat this many times, it becomes a pattern. Having a music class every Monday is a pattern. So is going to school five days a week and having Saturday and Sunday off. It seems as if the world is full of patterns. Just think—without patterns, the world would be much harder to study! 根据材料内容选择最佳答案。 1．What makes the pattern in a bee’s honeycomb? A．The shape. B．The color. C．The taste. D．The weight. 2．What is Paragraph 3 mainly about? A．Patterns you can see. B．Patterns you can hear. C．Patterns you can smell. D．Patterns you can touch. 3．Which picture shows “a pattern of development”? A． B． C． D． 4．What does the underlined word “it” in Paragraph 5 refer to? A．Getting up at 7:00 every morning. B．Eating breakfast at 7:30 a.m. C．Something happening over and over. D．Going to school five days a week. 5．What is the writer’s purpose in writing the text? A．To share knowledge of patterns. B．To discuss when patterns were found. C．To explain why patterns are beautiful. D．To show the difficulty of studying patterns. 【答案】1．A 2．B 3．D 4．C 5．A 【导语】本文主要介绍了自然界和生活中无处不在的“模式”（patterns）。文章从视觉（鱼、蜂巢、叶子）、听觉（雨声、蟋蟀叫声）、生物生长发育（蝴蝶、人类婴儿）以及日常习惯（起床、上学）等多个角度阐述了什么是模式，并指出模式让世界更易于研究。 【详解】 1．第二段明确指出：“In a bee’s honeycomb, the six-sided shape is repeated many times.”，说明蜜蜂蜂巢中的模式是由重复的六边形形状构成的。 2．第三段开头提到：“Listening carefully, you will find a noisy world...Sounds that repeat are patterns.”，随后列举了狗叫、雨声、风声和蟋蟀叫声等例子。因此，该段主要讲的是你能听到的模式（Patterns you can hear）。 3．第四段定义了“a pattern of development”（发展模式），并以人类婴儿为例：“When a human baby is born... learns to lift its head...roll over...stand up and walk.”，展示了从出生到行走的生长过程，是生物生长发育的过程模式，符合这一概念的是展示青蛙从卵到完全个体不同生长阶段的图4。故选D。 4．第五段第一句说：“If something happens over and over, it, too, forms a pattern.”（如果某事反复发生，它也会形成一种模式）。这里的“it”指代的是前文提到的“something happening over and over”（反复发生的事情）。后面的例子（起床、吃早餐、上学）都是用来解释这个概念的。 5．全文通过多个例子向读者介绍和解释了什么是“模式”以及它在自然界和生活中的体现，最后总结说没有模式世界将更难研究。因此，作者的目的是分享关于模式的知识（To share knowledge of patterns）。 （2026·湖北·中考真题） Come and Meet the Yangtze River Stars in Hubei! The Chinese Sturgeon It is a big, long fish with a sharp nose. We can find it in Yichang. It lives in the sea but is born in the Yangtze River. People raise baby sturgeons and put them back into the river. The Milu Deer It has a face like a horse, a tail like a donkey, feet like a cow, and antlers like a deer. Chinese people call it sibuxiang. We can find it in Shishou. It likes to stay near water. It eats grass and lies down under trees. Now its number is growing thanks to the wetland protection. The Little Egret It is all white with long black legs and yellow feet. We can find it in the Honghu Lake and other wetlands in Hubei. It stands on one leg when it relaxes. It likes to walk slowly in shallow (浅的) water. Cleaner wetlands give it more fish to eat and safer places to live in. The Yangtze Finless Porpoise It has a small round head and a smiling mouth. We can find it in Wuhan. It loves to play in and jump out of the water. It’s called “the giant panda of the water”. To provide better environment for it, people are not allowed to fish for ten years. 1．Which animal lives in the sea but is born in the river? A．The Chinese sturgeon. B．The milu deer. C．The little egret. D．The Yangtze finless porpoise. 2．Where can we find the milu deer? A．In Wuhan. B．In Yichang. C．In Shishou. D．In Honghu. 3．What does the little egret like to do? A．Play under trees. B．Relax on trees. C．Walk in shallow water. D．Jump out of the water. 4．What do people do for the Yangtze finless porpoise? A．Protect wetlands. B．Stop fishing. C．Raise baby fish. D．Put it into the river. 5．On what kind of website can we read the passage? A．Business. B．Health. C．Sports. D．Nature. 【答案】1．A 2．C 3．C 4．B 5．D 【导语】本文主要介绍了湖北省四种代表性长江物种（中华鲟、麋鹿、白鹭、长江江豚）的外形特征、分布地点和生活习性。 【详解】 1．由“The Chinese Sturgeon”部分“It lives in the sea but is born in the Yangtze River”可知，中华鲟生活在海里但在长江出生。 2．由“The Milu Deer”部分“We can find it in Shishou”可知，麋鹿在石首能找到。 3．由“The Little Egret”部分“It likes to walk slowly in shallow water”可知，白鹭喜欢在浅水中漫步。 4．由“The Yangtze Finless Porpoise”部分“To provide better environment for it, people are not allowed to fish for ten years”可知，人们为了保护长江江豚实行十年禁渔。 5．通读全文可知，文章主要介绍了湖北长江流域的四种动物（中华鲟、麋鹿、白鹭、江豚）及其生存环境和保护措施，属于自然生态类话题，因此最可能出现在自然（Nature）类网站上。 （2026·湖北·中考真题）In ancient China, letters were sent by pigeons and packages (包裹) by horses. Common people could hardly afford it. In 1896, China opened its very first post office. That was the beginning of China’s own postal service. With a small stamp on the cover, people in big cities could send letters and packages. Bikes, ships and trains carried them across mountains and rivers in the country, even abroad. After the founding of the People’s Republic of China in 1949, the postal service grew rapidly. Post offices were set up all around the country. Their services stretched to even the quietest, farthest villages. That made communication much easier for people in every corner of the country. College students could write to their parents in faraway hometowns. Friends and relatives could send packages on festivals to greet each other. Since the 1990s, a new branch (分支) of postal service, the delivery (快递) industry, has also grown rapidly. Take the year 2025 for example. Every second, over 6,000 packages were on the move. Every day, more than 500 million packages were processed and put into trucks. In the whole year, over 180 billion were sent across the country. And the fastest delivery took only several hours! Now, “speed” is no longer the only key word in this industry. Many delivery services have started to go green. Each year, more than 800 million boxes are reused or recycled. Besides, smart packing models are widely used. There’s no doubt that delivery services are smart in our life and friendly to our environment. From pigeons and horses to delivery trucks, China’s postal history shows how this old great nation has developed and progressed. Looking forward, will China’s postal service fly to the moon and other planets in outer space? 1．What happened in 1896 according to the passage? A．Stamps were invented in China. B．China’s first post office was opened. C．People stopped using pigeons and horses. D．Ships and trains began to carry passengers. 2．What does the underlined phrase “stretched to” mean in Paragraph 2? A．Reported. B．Moved. C．Reached. D．Missed. 3．Which can best describe the delivery services according to paragraphs 3&4? A．Faster Greener Smarter. B．Greener Smarter Cheaper. C．Smarter Faster Safer. D．Safer Cheaper Greener. 4．What can we learn from the last sentence of the passage? A．The writer hopes to live on other planets. B．The writer shows interest in space history. C．The writer wants to check the delivery address. D．The writer has confidence in China’s postal service. 5．How does the writer organize the passage? A．In the order of time. B．In the order of space. C．From opinions to facts. D．From reasons to results. 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．A 4．D 5．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章按时间顺序介绍了中国邮政及快递服务从古代到现代的发展历程及未来展望。 【详解】 1．根据第一段“In 1896, China opened its very first post office.”可知，1896年发生的是中国第一家邮局开业。 2．根据第二段“Post offices were set up all around the country. Their services stretched to even the quietest, farthest villages.”可知，此处指服务范围覆盖或到达了偏远村庄，“Reached”（到达）意思最接近。 3．根据第三段“And the fastest delivery took only several hours!”可知，快递更快（Faster）；根据第四段“Many delivery services have started to go green.”可知，更环保（Greener）；根据第四段“smart packing models are widely used.”可知，更智能（Smarter）。 4．根据文章最后一句“Looking forward, will China’s postal service fly to the moon and other planets in outer space?”可知，这是一个基于发展现状提出的展望，暗示了作者对中国邮政服务未来发展的信心和期待。 5．通读全文可知，文章出现了“In ancient China”、“In 1896”、“After the founding...in 1949”、“Since the 1990s”、“Take the year 2025”、“Now”等明显的时间标志词，说明文章是按时间顺序组织的。 （2026·湖北·中考真题）For most foreign teenagers, learning Chinese poems could be boring. But for a group of exchange students in China, it became an amazing trip. To help them learn more, Chinese students in a middle school started a club called “Poetry Gathering”. In this club, students explored the classic poems in active and creative ways. Chinese students prepared “fun cards”. On the cards were famous poems and theme (主题) paintings. Cards about Li Bai’s moon, Du Fu’s mountains, and Wang Wei’s desert were popular. They helped the exchange students know how ancient poets used Chinese to “paint” pictures. Besides, they used simple instruments like drums to experience the rhythm (节奏) of the poems. “When I play the drums to a Tang poem, I can hear the music hidden in the lines,” said Alice, an exchange student. “It makes the poem easy to sing out loud and interesting to share.” By putting poems, paintings and the rhythm together, students made the club a fun place where ancient poets met their teenager fans. When Chinese students and exchange students studied together, they both benefited greatly. “To help them better understand our poems, I have to do some closer reading. Each character means a lot in poems. For example, 水 (shui) shows beauty, sweetness, and a smooth feeling,” said Li Ran. “When my new foreign friend said he could feel the imagery (意境) of the lines, I felt very proud of our culture.” Li added. In fact, learning poems can be fun for everyone. These activities not only offer students a chance to learn more about Chinese poems, but also bring people of different languages and cultures together. 1．What do most foreign teenagers think of learning Chinese poems? A．Exciting. B．Useful. C．Boring. D．Easy. 2．What does the underlined word “They” in Paragraph 2 refer to (指代)? A．Cards. B．Paintings. C．Poems. D．Mountains. 3．What did playing the drums help the students do? A．Sing more poems. B．Feel the rhythm of poems. C．Share classic music. D．Create lively nature scenes. 4．Why did the writer use the example of “水 (shui)”? A．To describe different forms of water. B．To tell the pronunciation of the character. C．To express Chinese people’s love for water. D．To show the rich meanings of Chinese characters. 5．Which of the following can be the best title for the passage? A．A Talk on Chinese Culture B．A Taste of Classic Lines C．Power of Deep Thoughts D．Fun with Chinese Poems 【答案】1．C 2．A 3．B 4．D 5．D 【导语】本文主要介绍了中国学生为帮助交换生学习中国古诗而成立的“诗会”俱乐部，通过趣味卡片、鼓点节奏等方式，让古诗学习变得有趣，并促进了中外学生之间的文化交流。 【详解】 1．由第一段“For most foreign teenagers, learning Chinese poems could be boring”可知，大多数外国青少年认为学习中国古诗是无聊的。 2．根据第二段内容，中国学生准备了“fun cards”（趣味卡片），随后提到“Cards about... were popular.”，紧接着说“They helped the exchange students...”。“They”指代的是帮助交换学生理解诗歌的“卡片”。 3．由第三段“they used simple instruments like drums to experience the rhythm of the poems”和Alice的话“When I play the drums to a Tang poem, I can hear the music hidden in the lines”可知，打鼓帮助学生们感受诗歌的节奏。 4．由第四段“Each character means a lot in poems. For example, 水 (shui) shows beauty, sweetness, and a smooth feeling”可知，作者用“水”作为例子是为了展示中国汉字丰富的含义。 5．文章主要讲述了通过“诗歌聚会”俱乐部，利用卡片、打鼓等有趣的方式帮助交换学生学习中国诗歌，强调了学习过程的趣味性。最后一段也总结道“learning poems can be fun for everyone”。因此“Fun with Chinese Poems”（中国诗歌之乐）最适合作为标题。 （2026·江苏连云港·中考真题）People may want to get things done without moving a finger. The Internet of Things (IoT) is making that dream come true. The technology uses sensors (传感器) to connect devices (设备) to each other and to the Internet. It has encouraged countless products to do everyday tasks. Here are some examples: I’m a smart fridge. I can do more than keep food cold. If you forget what you need to buy for lunch, you can check your phone to find what I have. If you have too many sugary drinks, I can warn you and suggest a piece of fruit instead. I’m a smart wristband. I can help people with heart diseases. I can record blood pressure and heart rate. Then I send the information directly to a team of doctors so that they can deal with the problem as soon as possible. I’m a smart helmet. I help achieve greater safety for motorbike riders. My cameras can show things around them. I can also warn them when they are riding too close to passing cars. I’m a drone. I often fly above farmland. Farmers tell me which field to survey and how high to fly. My cameras and sensors help them learn about soil and plants. I can even spray pesticides (喷药) properly. 1．What can smart fridges do? A．Offer health advice. B．Store more sugary drinks. C．Keep food much colder. D．Remind users to have lunch. 2．Which product can help people with heart problems? A．A smart fridge. B．A drone. C．A smart helmet. D．A smart wristband. 3．In which part of a magazine can you probably read the text? A．Health. B．Technology. C．Environment. D．Traffic. 【答案】1．A 2．D 3．B 【导语】本文介绍物联网技术，列举智能冰箱、智能手环、智能头盔、农用无人机四种智能设备，分别讲解它们的实用功能，展现物联网给日常生活带来的便利。 【详解】 1．根据智能冰箱段落句子“If you have too many sugary drinks, I can warn you and suggest a piece of fruit instead.”可知，智能冰箱会提醒少喝含糖饮料，建议吃水果，属于健康建议。 2．根据智能手环段落“I’m a smart wristband. I can help people with heart diseases.”明确指出手环能帮助心脏病患者。 3．全文介绍物联网、各类智能科技设备，属于科技板块。 （2026·江苏连云港·中考真题）Some of the most beautiful rivers in the UK are from underground springs, which create perfect conditions for wildlife to live. To understand how healthy the rivers really are, scientists keep watching them for numbers of species (物种) over time. This can show how well a habitat can manage stress such as rising temperatures, reduced rainfall and pollution. Traditionally, researchers survey rivers by going out themselves and searching for plants, animals or signs of their presence (存在). This method works, but it takes much time and can miss some species not present during the survey. A new project called GeneFlow tries a new technology — environmental DNA (eDNA). When a species — for example, a fish — moves through the environment, it drops bits of itself all the time, from dead skin cells to faeces (粪便). The DNA in these materials is known as environmental DNA (eDNA). If someone tests a sample (样本) of the water, these pieces of DNA can show the recent presence of the fish, though no fish is seen. This technology allows scientists to find species that we cannot see with our eyes, so that we can learn more about the rivers. GeneFlow aims to explore the species in 10 rivers across the UK. Beyond information collection, it also aims to connect people with their local rivers. With instructions, members of the public have helped to collect water samples from chosen rivers. Scientists are still studying the water samples, but the early results are promising: nearly 2000 species have been discovered so far, including protected species such as eels and water voles at many places. Several riverfly species — key signs of water quality — were also recorded. 1．What’s the purpose of the first paragraph? A．To list possible dangers to the habitats. B．To describe the rivers’ health conditions. C．To explain the importance of river surveys. D．To introduce some beautiful rivers in the UK. 2．What’s the problem with the traditional method to survey rivers? A．It pollutes the rivers. B．It doesn’t work at all. C．It wastes time finding rivers. D．It can miss hidden species. 3．What is eDNA? A．The DNA of a certain fish in the UK. B．The technology of collecting water samples. C．The technology of preventing water pollution. D．The DNA of species found in the environment. 4．What can we learn about the GeneFlow Project from the last two paragraphs? A．It has found positive results so far. B．It has protected species at many places. C．Its researchers have completed their study. D．Its researchers collected samples in person. 【答案】1．C 2．D 3．D 4．A 【导语】本文介绍了传统的河流物种调查方法的局限性以及利用环境DNA（eDNA）技术进行物种调查的新项目GeneFlow。 【详解】 1．第一段指出科学家通过监测物种数量来评估河流健康状况：“scientists keep watching them for numbers of species over time. This can show how well a habitat can manage stress”，说明目的是解释河流调查的重要性。 2．第二段指出传统方法“can miss some species not present during the survey”，说明会遗漏隐藏的物种。 3．第三段指出：“The DNA in these materials is known as environmental DNA (eDNA).”，说明环境DNA是物种在环境中留下的DNA片段。 4．最后一段指出：“early results are promising: nearly 2000 species have been discovered”，说明项目迄今取得了积极成果。 （2026·江苏苏州·中考真题） The 2026 Aranya Theater Festival presents 34 productions from 14 countries, aiming to draw worldwide attention. The festival opens with City of Fiction, adapted (改编) from Yu Hua’s novel. It tells the story of a young man from northern China who starts a journey south in search of an imaginary city. The festival also presents a lot of other highly expected works. One such show is Na Han, a Chinese-German production adapted from the short story collection by Lu Xun. It explores themes like family relationships. Dans la tempete continue is a French-Chinese production, which focuses on the dynamics (动态) within a family. Besides drama performances, the festival offers other activities such as workshops and street shows, making visitors’ cultural experiences richer. 1．How many days does the festival last? A．12 days. B．14 days. C．28 days. D．34 days. 2．What do Na Han and Dans la tempete continue have in common? A．They tell the story of the young. B．They try to explore family themes. C．They are French-Chinese productions. D．They are adapted from Lu Xun’s works. 3．What do we know about the festival according to the passage? A．It opens with a foreign production. B．It allows visitors to direct a drama. C．It is to draw Chinese people’s attention. D．It is an international event held in China. 【答案】1．A 2．B 3．D 【导语】本文介绍了2026年在中国秦皇岛举办的阿那亚戏剧节，说明了该戏剧节的举办时间、举办规模、开幕作品、多部参展作品的特点，以及除戏剧表演外的其他延伸活动，该戏剧节旨在吸引全球范围的关注。 【详解】 1．根据海报给出的举办时间“June 17th - June 28th, 2026”，计算可得活动持续天数为28−17+1=12天，对应A选项。 2．第二段提到“It explores themes like family relationships.”以及“...which focuses on the dynamics (动态) within a family.”，《Na Han》探索家庭关系主题，《Dans la tempete continue》聚焦家庭内部关系动态，二者都围绕家庭主题展开；A项文中无提及，C项只有后者是中法合拍片，D项只有前者改编自鲁迅的作品，只有B项符合二者的共同点。 3．文中提到“from 14 countries”（来自14个国家），且有中国作家作品改编，在中国举办（阿那亚位于中国秦皇岛），因此是一个在中国举办的国际性活动，D选项正确。开幕作品改编自中国作家余华的小说，不属于外国作品，A错误；文中仅说明戏剧节开设工作坊、街头秀等活动，未提及允许游客导演戏剧，B错误；文中明确指出戏剧节旨在吸引全球关注，并非仅吸引中国民众的关注，C错误。 （2026·江苏扬州·中考真题）16 winners from 12 countries were awarded at the 18th Special Book Awards of China held in Beijing in June 2025. Aleksei Rodionov, professor of Chinese studies at Saint Petersburg University, is a winner of the award in translating. This award is the highest national award. It is presented each year to foreign authors, translators, and publishers for their great contributions in promoting Chinese publications and cultural exchanges between China and other countries. “As a sinologist (汉学家) and translator of Chinese literature, this award will encourage me to do more and do better in promoting cultural exchanges between Russia and China,” said the professor. Rodionov said that he feels a special connection with China when he thought about his journey in Chinese literature. “I was born on the Russian-Chinese border. From the moment I was born, I had a connection with China. As someone with a great interest in foreign languages, I naturally chose to learn Chinese. That’s how I started the journey of studying the Chinese language and literature,” he noted. To the professor, translation is, in fact, a very enjoyable task. “Translating Chinese literary (文学的) works is my lifelong calling. It brings me joy and gives my life a deeper sense of purpose,” he said. For decades, Rodionov has long devoted himself to translating and researching Chinese literature, having translated 26 works by Chinese authors such as Lao She. “Literary works are an important gateway to understanding Chinese culture and the Chinese people. They are important bridges that connect our hearts and minds. In Russia, authors like Mo Yan and Yu Hua are very popular,” said the professor. 1．What was Aleksei Rodionov awarded for? A．Translating Chinese literature. B．Studying the Chinese language. C．Teaching Russian in China. D．Publishing a book in Chinese. 2．What do we know about the award? A．It is held in Beijing every three years. B．It is the highest national award in Russia. C．It encourages Chinese writers, translators and publishers. D．It praises foreigners’ efforts in spreading Chinese culture. 3．What does paragraph 5 mainly talk about? A．Rodionov’s research into Chinese literature. B．Rodionov’s understanding of translation. C．Rodionov’s experiences of learning Chinese. D．Rodionov’s findings of Russian readers. 4．What is the best title for the text? A．Connected by Literature B．Comparing Cultural Differences C．Rodionov’s Learning Journey in China D．Rodionov’s Exchange Program with China 【答案】1．A 2．D 3．B 4．A 【导语】本文主要讲述2025年6月第十八届中华图书特殊贡献奖在北京颁奖，俄罗斯汉学家Rodionov获翻译奖。他自幼与中国结缘，深耕中文文学翻译数十年，致力于中俄文化交流。 【详解】 1．根据第一段第二句“Aleksei Rodionov...is a winner of the award in translating.”以及倒数第二段“Rodionov has long devoted himself to translating and researching Chinese literature”可知，他获奖是因为“翻译中国文学作品”。 2．根据第二段第二句“It is presented each year to foreign authors, translators, and publishers for their great contributions in promoting Chinese publications and cultural exchanges between China and other countries.”可知，该奖项旨在“赞扬外国人在传播中国文化方面的努力”。 3．第五段主要引用了教授的话，提到“translation is, in fact, a very enjoyable task ”以及“lifelong calling”，因此第五段主要阐述了“他对翻译工作的理解”。 4．文章主要讲述了Rodionov通过翻译中国文学作品获得奖项，并促进了中俄文化交流。最后一段提到“Literary works...are important bridges that connect our hearts and minds.” ，因此选项A“Connected by Literature”最能概括文章关于文学促进文化交流的主题。 （2026·江苏扬州·中考真题）What if things in your home—your toothbrush, books, desks, even you!—suddenly seemed weightless and began to float? This is what astronauts experience in a space station—microgravity (微重力). Even though the space station and the astronauts inside are in space, Earth’s gravity is still pulling on them, though very weak. Let’s explore the astronauts’ life in space. Though there are some challenges, life in space is a super-fun. Eating and sleeping Need to get from one place to another? Just push off a surface and glide there! Nothing stays put. Imagine turning on a tap. Water would go flying everywhere. Astronauts aren’t allowed to eat anything in the space station that creates crumbs (碎屑). Food crumbs can become a disaster if they get into equipment (设备). That’s why astronauts eat specially prepared meals. There’s no “up” or “down” in space, so astronauts sleep in sleeping bags tied to the wall. Their arms will float in front of them while they sleep. Astronauts have to keep their bodies strong. There’s less stress on bones in space, for gravity is weaker. Muscles (肌肉) aren’t used as much. Their bones and muscles grow weaker. Even astronauts’ hearts can weaken. Every astronaut has to exercise for about two hours a day. Most of the exercise equipment is specially designed to imitate the feel of gravity. Work and play Astronauts spend much of their time working. They do a lot of experiments—from space life science to new spacecraft technologies. Sometimes they do spacewalks to make repairs to the outside of the station. When they have free time, astronauts kick back by reading books and looking down at Earth. 1．According to the text, what may cause danger to the space station? A．Water in special bags. B．Very tiny food pieces. C．Specially prepared meals. D．Sleeping bags tied to the wall. 2．Which of the following should go in the empty box? A．Exercising for a strong heart. B．Moving freely. C．Dealing with space loneliness. D．Staying strong. 3．What does the text mainly talk about? A．Strange changes to astronauts’ bodies in space. B．Astronauts’ fun and challenging life in space. C．How astronauts do experiments in space environments. D．Why astronauts inside the space station can’t stay put. 【答案】1．B 2．D 3．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了宇航员在空间站微重力环境下的生活，包括饮食、睡眠、运动和娱乐等方面的挑战与乐趣。 【详解】 1．第三段提到“Food crumbs can become a disaster if they get into equipment.”，食物碎屑可能对空间站造成危险。 2．第四段提到“Every astronaut has to exercise for about two hours a day...”，本段讲太空微重力会让骨骼、肌肉、心脏变虚弱，宇航员每天必须锻炼两小时维持身体强健，因此空框处应填“Staying strong”。 3．全文围绕宇航员在太空中的生活展开，介绍了饮食、睡眠、运动和工作等方面的内容，因此主旨是宇航员在太空中有趣而充满挑战的生活。 （2026·江苏扬州·中考真题）If you want to learn new stories about familiar plants and animals, and discover new species (物种) to plant in your own yard, Nature of Portland, is a must for you. Most of this book is about which plants and animals are natives in Portland (a city in Oregon, USA). Many plants and animals in this book have long made their homes here. In this field guide, filled with local knowledge and humor, LeeAnn Kriegh describes more than 350 plants and animals found within an hour’s ride of Portland, Inside you’ll discover: ● Common and scientific names ● Key details like size, bloom (flowering) time, and months seen ● Local natural history, ecology, stories, and fun facts ● Details on where to find every species ● Beautiful full-color photos of every species Take Western Starflower from the book as an example. Western Starflower (Lysimachia latifolia) Flowers: Late spring to early summer Late spring is a magical time to explore trails in the Portland area, as birds are singing, and colorful blooms are coming out on wildflowers like this one. Western starflower’s pinkish blooms stand out against the backdrop of the plant’s big, broad, deep-green leaves (latifolia translates to “broad-leaved”). A lot of flowers are in the shape of a star, but species like this one win the starflower name because of their thin flower stalks (茎). They make the flowers seem to fly in the air like stars. ID tips: 2-12 inches tall. Look for a whorl of four to seven broadly oval leaves (up to 3.5 inches long) with pointed tips. Up to a few star-shaped pink flowers (up to 0.75 inches wide) bloom on thin flower stalks, each with five to seven pointed petals (花瓣). Locations: Locally common in shady, wet woods, including at Oxbow Regional Park and Powell Butte Nature Park. At the back of the book, you’ll find 10 “treasure hunts” in the Portland area. The species are waiting to be found. Reading about plants and animals is fun, but getting outside to experience and connect with nature is what Nature of Portland is all about. 1．What is Nature of Portland? A．A fun, friendly guide to local plants and animals. B．A photo collection of plants and animals in danger. C．A field guide to the city’s places of interest. D．A book mainly about some famous local landscapes. 2．What does the underlined word “natives” in paragraph 2 mean? A．Animals or plants that live in the sea. B．Animals that kill and eat other animals. C．Animals or plants that live or grow naturally in a place. D．Unusual and exciting plants, especially from other countries. 3．In the table about Western Starflower, what can you get from the Flowers part? A．How tall the flower is. B．How many leaves the flower has. C．Why the flower gets its name. D．Which parks you can visit to see the flower. 4．What is the purpose of the text? A．To show how to write a book review. B．To tell readers what to expect from the book. C．To give advice on what to grow in your yard. D．To encourage readers to find new local plants. 【答案】1．A 2．C 3．C 4．B 【导语】本文介绍《Nature of Portland》这本野外指南书籍，书中收录美国波特兰350多种本土动植物，附有名称、生长特征、栖息地、实拍彩图与趣味自然故事，还设置户外寻宝探索板块，鼓励读者走出户外亲身感受本地自然。 【详解】 1．第三段“In this field guide, filled with local knowledge and humor, LeeAnn Kriegh describes more than 350 plants and animals found within an hour’s ride of Portland, Inside you’ll discover”说明这是一本介绍当地动植物的野外指南。 2．第二段“Most of this book is about which plants and animals are natives in Portland (a city in Oregon, USA). Many plants and animals in this book have long made their homes here.”后文说明这类动植物长期在此栖息、自然生长，native即本土原生动植物。 3．花朵板块“A lot of flowers are in the shape of a star, but species like this one win the starflower name because of their thin flower stalks (茎).”讲解它细长花茎让花朵像空中星星，因此得名Starflower，对应得名原因。 4．全文介绍书籍内容、收录物种、包含信息、特色板块、文末寻宝探索活动，目的是向读者介绍这本书包含什么、能收获什么。 （2026·江西·中考真题）HIGH-FLYING HELPERS Drones, created as tools of war at first, are now performing important tasks to help people around the world. Sending medical help to hard-to-reach places has been a problem for years. In Rwanda, some small hospitals don’t have enough medicine. As a result, many people die. A local company is trying to use drones to solve this problem. Drones can quickly provide healthcare service to the hospitals around Rwanda, and more people receive life-saving medicine. Drones also help after natural disasters. In 2015, a heavy storm hit Vanuatu, leaving many people homeless. Drones took pictures for the rescue (救援) teams. This helped the teams judge the situation quickly and offer help to the areas that were hardest hit. Drones are also helping environmental organizations. Every year, poachers (偷猎者) kill many endangered animals. To stop them, the WWF uses drones. “They help us see things that we can’t,” says Colby, who works for the WWF. Drones can easily identify (识别) poachers in the dark. As well as finding poachers, these tools can be used to follow and protect animals. Scientists at a university plan to use them for a project: recording wildlife and identifying animal groups. The project leader believes drones will become widely used. “I think we will have plenty of drones flying over forests,” he predicts. A tool made for war is now being used to save lives. “Drones can be good for both humans and animals. There’s nothing that can take the place of a good scientist. But now, thanks to drones, scientists are able to finish projects they’ve never imagined before,” says Kike, a man who cares about the environment. 1．What do drones do for the people in Rwanda? A．They take clear pictures. B．They help the homeless in time. C．They send medicine fast. D．They judge the situation carefully. 2．What does the underlined word “They” in Paragraph 3 refer to? A．The drones. B．The poachers. C．The animals. D．The organizations. 3．What are drones mainly used for in Paragraph 3? A．Starting a project. B．Finding lost people. C．Protecting animals. D．Recording daily life. 4．What can we infer from Kike’s words? A．Wars have brought many problems. B．New technologies need improvement. C．People should protect the environment. D．Drones can help scientists do more things. 5．In which section of a magazine can we read the text? A．Nature. B．Technology. C．Health. D．Travel. 【答案】1．C 2．A 3．C 4．D 5．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了原本作为战争工具的无人机，如今在医疗救援、灾后救助、野生动物保护等多个领域发挥助人作用。 【详解】 1．第二段“Drones can quickly provide healthcare service to the hospitals around Rwanda, and more people receive life-saving medicine.”说明无人机快速向卢旺达各地医院运送药品。 2．第三段“To stop them, the WWF uses drones. ‘They help us see things that we can’t,’”表明，划线词They承接前文内容，指代前文提到的无人机。 3．第三段“Drones are also helping environmental organizations ... these tools can be used to follow and protect animals.”表明，本段围绕无人机帮助环保组织阻止偷猎、识别偷猎者、追踪保护濒危野生动物展开，核心用途是保护动物。 4．最后一段“But now, thanks to drones, scientists are able to finish projects they’ve never imagined before”表明无人机可以帮助科学家完成更多以往难以实现的研究工作。 5．文章围绕无人机这项科技产品的各类应用展开介绍，属于科技范畴。 （2026·山东烟台·中考真题）Minqin, lying in the city of Wuwei in Gansu, is sandwiched between China’s third and fourth-largest deserts. It is one of the country’s main sources (来源) of sandstorms. In 2007, then 26-year-old Ma Junhe started Minqin’s first environmental protection volunteer program named Save Minqin after reading in a newspaper that his hometown was at risk of being covered by sand within 17 years. The program started with just 60 volunteers. Last year, more than 6,000 volunteers planted suosuo trees there, most of whom were aged between 18 and 30, also called GenZers. Zhang Liwen, an 18-year-old girl from Xi’an, spent five days planting suosuo trees in Minqin. “This idea came from my wish to complete a meaningful coming-of-age ceremony, but now I find value in contributing (贡献) to society,” Zhang said. The vlogs shared by Zhang are lively and attractive. She filmed a group of young volunteers, including herself, planting trees with stylish sports sunglasses, enjoying local noodles in their tent, and dancing in the desert after work. Li Xiuniang, from Heilongjiang province, also posted her volunteer work online. “This task isn’t just for Minqin; it’s for all of China,” she said. Lee Ting-Hsuan, a 20-year-old student from Taiwan, is one of thousands of volunteers who travel to Minqin every year. Around 20 young volunteers from Macao also joined the program. “Through tree planting, we get a deeper understanding of Northwest China and its culture,” one of them said. Since 2007, over 80,000 volunteers have joined this program and they have planted over 1.52 million trees, making a green promise in the yellow sands. Ma Junhe said, “GenZers are more confident in achieving their dreams. They really enjoy meaningful public activities, and help a lot by sharing their stories online, attracting more people to take action.” 1．What directly pushed Ma Junhe to set up the Save Minqin program? A．The fear of meeting sandstorms. B．The love of green mountains. C．The wish to attract more GenZers. D．The worry of losing his hometown. 2．Why does the writer list the number of volunteers in the first paragraph? A．To prove that Minqin needs more and more volunteers. B．To show the rapid development of the volunteer program. C．To call on more volunteers to plant suosuo trees in Minqin. D．To compare the number of young volunteers with the older ones. 3．Zhang Liwen’s vlogs can attract more volunteers because the vlogs show ______. A．their contribution to our society B．the hardship of planting trees C．the colorful life of volunteering D．the comfortable life in Minqin 4．What might be the writer’s purpose of writing the passage? A．To show young people from Taiwan and Macao are active. B．To introduce the dangerous condition that Minqin is facing. C．To introduce different ways of encouraging people to plant trees. D．To show the strong volunteering willingness of Chinese GenZers. 【答案】1．D 2．B 3．C 4．D 【导语】本文主要讲述了甘肃民勤的防沙治沙环保志愿者项目“拯救民勤”的发展历程，重点介绍了该项目吸引了大批中国Z世代年轻人参与植树造林的事迹，展现了中国年轻一代强烈的志愿服务意愿和社会责任感。 【详解】 1．根据第一段“Ma Junhe started Minqin’s first environmental protection volunteer program named Save Minqin after reading in a newspaper that his hometown was at risk of being covered by sand within 17 years.”可知，马俊河在报纸上读到家乡可能在17年内被沙子覆盖，这种家乡面临消失的风险直接促使他建立了该项目，即担心失去家乡。 2．根据第一段“The program started with just 60 volunteers. Last year, more than 6,000 volunteers planted suosuo trees there”可知，作者列举项目开始时的60人和去年的6000多人，通过数据的巨大反差旨在展示该志愿者项目的快速发展。 3．根据第二段描述“She filmed a group of young volunteers, including herself, planting trees with stylish sports sunglasses, enjoying local noodles in their tent, and dancing in the desert after work.”可知，张丽雯的vlog记录了年轻人戴潮流墨镜种树、帐篷里吃当地面条、下班后在沙漠跳舞等内容，这些都展现了志愿生活丰富多彩的一面，因此能吸引更多志愿者。 4．通读全文可知，文章介绍了“拯救民勤”项目，重点描述了马俊河发起项目以及来自西安、黑龙江、台湾、澳门等地的年轻人积极参与植树志愿活动的故事，最后一段也引用马俊河的话强调Z世代的自信和行动力。因此写作目的是展现中国Z世代强烈的志愿服务意愿。 （2026·山西·中考真题）Every time Steve woke up, he felt his right hand was on fire. He could not lift a cup or touch cold water. The medicine he took didn’t work well. But one day, he put on a VR (虚拟现实) headset and things began to change. VR treatment is being used in medical fields, especially for helping people with chronic (慢性的) pain. In fact, VR can give people experiences that are similar to the real world. In a VR program, Steve was trying out a VR headset. Surprisingly, it took him to a different situation where he was able to move his right hand slowly. Jenny also received the VR treatment in this program. Her back pain bothered her for years. Wearing a VR headset, she was surprised to find she got a little better. So how does VR help? Scientists say that the pain is not only about the body. It also has something to do with the brain. When you fully focus on something exciting, your brain pays less attention to the pain. VR uses this idea to help people feel better. Of course, VR treatment may not suit everyone suffering from pain. It is still being studied, but for those living with pain every day, VR technology brings something important: hope. 1．How does the writer start the text? A．By listing a number. B．By asking a question. C．By giving an example. 2．What did Steve do after putting on a VR headset? A．He lifted his cup quickly. B．He touched his back easily. C．He moved his hand slowly. 3．What does the underlined word “bothered” probably mean in Paragraph 2? A．Protected. B．Troubled. C．Covered. 4．How does VR make people feel less painful according to the text? A．By making the brain focus less on pain. B．By making the body stronger to fight pain. C．By giving people medicine through the headset. 5．Which of the following ideas does the writer probably agree with? A．VR treatment is suitable for everyone. B．People pay little attention to VR treatment. C．VR treatment can help people in some ways. 【答案】1．C 2．C 3．B 4．A 5．C 【导语】本文介绍了VR（虚拟现实）技术在医疗领域的应用，特别是对慢性疼痛的治疗作用。 【详解】 1．第一段通过Steve的个人经历来引入话题：“Every time Steve woke up, he felt his right hand was on fire...But one day, he put on a VR headset and things began to change.”，说明作者通过举例来开篇。 2．第二段指出：“it took him to a different situation where he was able to move his right hand slowly.”，说明Steve在VR中能慢慢移动右手。 3．第二段中“bothered”所在句为：“Her back pain bothered her for years.”，结合前文“Jenny also received the VR treatment”以及后文“She was surprised to find she got a little better.”，说明她的背痛“困扰”了她多年，因此“bothered”意为“troubled”。 4．第三段指出：“When you fully focus on something exciting, your brain pays less attention to the pain.”，说明VR通过让大脑减少对疼痛的关注来缓解疼痛。 5．全文介绍了VR治疗疼痛的原理和效果，作者认为VR在某些方面可以帮助人们。 （2026·天津·中考真题）Scientists are creating robots that can be used in many different areas of life. Recently a new kind of robot which looks like a penguin has been developed. The penguin robot helps scientists get closer to emperor penguins (帝企鹅) to know more about their behaviour (行为). Emperor penguins are famous as shy animals. They usually feel nervous and run away when scientists go towards them. This will cause problems to their hearts. To solve it, a team of scientists created a remote control vehicle (遥控车). This vehicle allowed the scientists to study the penguins from over 200 metres away. It could move up to the penguins slowly and quietly without making them run away. It was also used to help make the documentary (纪录片) March of the Penguins. The scientists still wanted to watch emperor penguins much closer. After trying many times, they developed their latest robot which was like a little grey penguin. It had four black wheels, two black arms and a black-and-white painted face. The wheels were prepared for the robot to walk on the thick snow easily. This new robot didn’t scare (惊吓) the penguins. They even sang songs to welcome the robot and listened for a response. But the penguins were very unhappy when there was no answer. The scientists didn’t programme (编写程序) the penguin robot to make a sound. Next time they will have the robot sing songs. Thanks to the robots, scientists could do much more research on emperor penguins. 1．Why was the penguin robot developed? A．To know about scientists’ heart problems. B．To help scientists walk on the thick snow. C．To learn about emperor penguins’ behaviour. D．To help emperor penguins look for more food. 2．How do emperor penguins feel when scientists go towards them? A．Sad. B．Angry. C．Excited. D．Nervous. 3．What does the word “response” in Paragraph 3 mean? A．Plan. B．Answer. C．Lesson. D．Reason. 4．What will the penguin robot do next time according to the passage? A．Sing songs. B．Swim in the sea. C．Take photos. D．Dance on the snow. 5．What is the passage mainly about? A．Penguins in the film. B．Penguins in the zoo. C．Robots for daily housework. D．Robots for studying penguins. 【答案】1．C 2．D 3．B 4．A 5．D 【导语】本文介绍科学家研发企鹅外形机器人，因帝企鹅生性胆小，普通靠近会刺激它们，这款机器人能近距离观察帝企鹅行为，企鹅甚至主动对它鸣叫，未来机器人还将加装发声功能。 【详解】 1．原文第一段“The penguin robot helps scientists get closer to emperor penguins to know more about their behaviour.” ，研发企鹅机器人的目的是近距离观察、了解帝企鹅的行为。 2．原文“第二段“They usually feel nervous and run away when scientists go towards them.”，当科学家靠近时，帝企鹅会感到紧张并逃跑。 3．原文第三段“They even sang songs to welcome the robot and listened for a response. But the penguins were very unhappy when there was no answer.”，后文no answer是同义提示，response意为“回应、答复”。 4．原文第三段“Next time they will have the robot sing songs.”，科学家还没给机器人设置发声程序，下一步会让机器人唱歌。 5．全文围绕用来研究帝企鹅的两款机器人展开，讲述研发原因、外形、使用效果和升级计划。选项D能够概括全文。 试卷第1页，共3页 1 / 2 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题07 阅读理解（说明文） 考点类别 命题解读 创新考法 / 重点变化 事实细节 占比最高，考查数据、步骤、事物特征、因果，定位原文作答 大量图文结合；增设跨段对比、计算类细节；同义替换增多，弱化原句照搬 词义 / 代词指代 依托上下文猜科普生词、it/they 指代对象 代词跨段落指代；用科普现象、数据线索猜专业词汇 段落主旨 概括段意、判断段落作用（引出 / 举例 / 解释） 考查说明方法识别（列数字、对比），区分事例与核心观点 推理判断 推断研发初衷、作者态度、技术前景、隐藏价值 强化思辨，结合中国科技、生态成就进行价值推断 标题 / 写作目的 概括全文说明对象与核心价值 素材融合国产科技、生态保护、传统文化，突出文化自信 整体变化：选材覆盖国产设备、生态治理、传统文化科普；多模态图文常态化；减少直白查找，侧重信息整合、逻辑分析，落实跨学科素养。 （2026·安徽·中考真题）Bull sharks (牛鲨) have friends too, scientists have discovered. People usually think sharks live alone, but a new study suggests that bull sharks have friends they like to spend time with. Scientists watched 184 sharks over six years. The sharks were fed together inside a protected area. Researchers could go deep down and watch them. The team recorded their actions, such as sharks leading and following each other and how close together the sharks swam. They found that both male (雄性的) and female (雌性的) bull sharks like to play with females, but males form more social relationships. This might be because males are smaller than females, so having more friends protects them from larger sea animals. The researchers said that like other animals, bull sharks might learn new skills, find food and stay safe from enemies by social connections. “As humans, we build different kinds of social relationships. And these sharks are doing similar things,” said Natasha Marosi, who led the research. The scientists said understanding bull sharks’ actions can teach us more about how they live together and move around, which can help with shark protection. 1．What does the new study find about bull sharks? A．They live alone. B．They like humans. C．They have friends. D．They feed each other. 2．What might be the reason for male sharks to form more social relationships? A．They need protection. B．They want to be leaders. C．They need more areas. D．They want to meet females. 3．What is the last paragraph mainly about? A．The meaning of the study. B．The cause of human action. C．The advantage of social life. D．The way of shark protection. （2026·福建·中考真题）Plastic production has been rising since the end of World War II. Plastic has greatly influenced modern life. It is widely used in clothing, electronic goods, cars and healthcare. In fact, plastic is not a single material. A study shows that 16, 000 different chemicals are used in making plastics. When plastic ends up in nature, it can take hundreds of years to break down. It pollutes soil and water. People have realized the plastic pollution problem. Thanks to modern recycling technology, we see products made from recycled plastic — from T-shirts to bags to building materials. This is the magic of turning waste plastic into valuable products. Scientists are developing more and more effective methods to recycle waste plastic. For example, researchers break down plastics into reusable chemicals by using heat, pressure and a kind of special water. Another technology creates a plastic mix to break down waste plastic into oil for new plastics. Scientists also use electric current (电流) to turn waste plastic into high quality graphene (石墨烯). The graphene helps to develop new cancer treatments. Recycling reduces the need to produce new plastic from oil. Besides, it helps to control environmental pollution. However, recycling plastic is not always easy. Different types of waste plastics must be separated and well cleaned. China has been stressing the importance of recycling and has taken action to improve it. Many schools try to encourage students to recycle properly. For example, students may get an award, such as a small toy or a pencil, for putting empty bottles into smart recycling machines. Factories are encouraged to use recycled materials in their products. With each recycled bottle, China moves one step closer to a future where nothing is truly wasted—everything is just waiting for its next use. 1．What do we know about plastic from Paragraph 1? A．Plastic production started after World War II. B．Plastic is commonly used in modern life. C．There are many ways of producing plastic. D．Producing plastic takes a long time. 2．In which way can waste plastic be recycled? A．By mixing reusable chemicals into it. B．By inventing a plastic mix to break it down. C．By breaking down high quality graphene. D．By developing new cancer treatments. 3．What does the underlined word “it” in Paragraph 4 refer to? A．Oil. B．New plastic. C．The need. D．Recycling. 4．What does the last paragraph focus on? A．The importance of recycling. B．The awards for recycling. C．The efforts in recycling. D．The future of recycling. 5．Which would be the best title for the text? A．Plastic Production over Time B．Waste Plastic: Serious Pollution C．Effective Methods of Using Plastic D．Recycling: New Life of Waste Plastic （2026·福建·中考真题）With the world becoming warmer because of climate change, mosquitoes are busy enlarging their living space. Now, a Chinese company has created a new device which can detect mosquitoes and then kill them. The device promises a future in which the peace and quiet of a summer evening is no longer broken by flying mosquitoes. The small, light device uses AI to discover mosquitoes as small as 2 millimeters (毫米). Within 0.003 seconds, it fires a high-energy laser (激光) that disables a mosquito midflight — a course that can hardly be seen by humans — and can kill up to 30 mosquitoes every second. The Chinese device is not alone in mosquito control. The Locus, which is made by a foreign company, uses computers to locate (定位) mosquitoes indoors. However, while the Locus focuses on location, the Chinese device goes a step further by killing mosquitoes. It is not easy to improve the accuracy rate (准确率). The early models of the Chinese device failed to correctly discover mosquitoes within a short distance, as they were influenced by background noise. After years of hard work, careful research and countless tests, the company put AI and laser technology together, enabling a discovery rate of over 95 percent within six meters. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), there are over 3,500 kinds of mosquitoes in the world. About 200 kinds can spread diseases. Every year, mosquitoes kill more than 700,000 people. Millions of people face this risk every day. This new Chinese device provides a safe and effective way to fight mosquitoes and protect people’s health. 1．What does the underlined word “detect” in Paragraph 1 most probably mean? A．Warn. B．Blow. C．Watch. D．Discover. 2．How does the writer prove the effectiveness of the device in Paragraph 2? A．By telling a story. B．By listing numbers. C．By making comparisons. D．By using experts’ words. 3．What is an advantage of the Chinese device over the Locus? A．Killing mosquitoes after location. B．Focusing on mosquitoes outdoors. C．Finding mosquitoes in a short time. D．Using AI to drive mosquitoes away. 4．What does Paragraph 4 mainly talk about? A．How the device was tested. B．The influence of noise on accuracy. C．How AI was used in the device. D．The road to a high accuracy rate. 5．What can we learn from the last paragraph? A．Most mosquitoes are dangerous. B．The Chinese device is of great use. C．Mosquitoes around us have been controlled. D．The Chinese device is praised by the WHO. （2026·河南·中考真题）Did you notice how nature sometimes repeats itself? Something that repeats is called a pattern. There are many patterns for you to study and learn. Look around you. Patterns are everywhere. You may see bright and colorful patterns if you look at fish in the sea. In a bee’s honeycomb, the six-sided shape is repeated many times. Some leaves always have five points on them. Listening carefully, you will find a noisy world. Dogs bark, the rain falls and the wind blows. Are these patterns? Of course! Sounds that repeat are patterns. A cricket (蟋蟀) uses its wings to make repeated chirping (啁啾叫) sounds. Do you know that a cricket’s chirp changes with the temperature? The hotter it is, the more chirps a cricket will make. Try to find out how living things grow around you. Seeds (种子) grow into plants. A butterfly begins life as an egg. Each living thing has its own pattern as it grows. When a human baby is born, it is small. With time, the baby learns to lift its head and learns to roll over. Finally, the baby learns to stand up and walk. This kind of pattern is called a pattern of development. If something happens over and over, it, too, forms a pattern. For example, you get up at 7:00 every morning. You get dressed and then eat breakfast at 7:30 a.m. If you repeat this many times, it becomes a pattern. Having a music class every Monday is a pattern. So is going to school five days a week and having Saturday and Sunday off. It seems as if the world is full of patterns. Just think—without patterns, the world would be much harder to study! 根据材料内容选择最佳答案。 1．What makes the pattern in a bee’s honeycomb? A．The shape. B．The color. C．The taste. D．The weight. 2．What is Paragraph 3 mainly about? A．Patterns you can see. B．Patterns you can hear. C．Patterns you can smell. D．Patterns you can touch. 3．Which picture shows “a pattern of development”? A． B． C． D． 4．What does the underlined word “it” in Paragraph 5 refer to? A．Getting up at 7:00 every morning. B．Eating breakfast at 7:30 a.m. C．Something happening over and over. D．Going to school five days a week. 5．What is the writer’s purpose in writing the text? A．To share knowledge of patterns. B．To discuss when patterns were found. C．To explain why patterns are beautiful. D．To show the difficulty of studying patterns. （2026·湖北·中考真题） Come and Meet the Yangtze River Stars in Hubei! The Chinese Sturgeon It is a big, long fish with a sharp nose. We can find it in Yichang. It lives in the sea but is born in the Yangtze River. People raise baby sturgeons and put them back into the river. The Milu Deer It has a face like a horse, a tail like a donkey, feet like a cow, and antlers like a deer. Chinese people call it sibuxiang. We can find it in Shishou. It likes to stay near water. It eats grass and lies down under trees. Now its number is growing thanks to the wetland protection. The Little Egret It is all white with long black legs and yellow feet. We can find it in the Honghu Lake and other wetlands in Hubei. It stands on one leg when it relaxes. It likes to walk slowly in shallow (浅的) water. Cleaner wetlands give it more fish to eat and safer places to live in. The Yangtze Finless Porpoise It has a small round head and a smiling mouth. We can find it in Wuhan. It loves to play in and jump out of the water. It’s called “the giant panda of the water”. To provide better environment for it, people are not allowed to fish for ten years. 1．Which animal lives in the sea but is born in the river? A．The Chinese sturgeon. B．The milu deer. C．The little egret. D．The Yangtze finless porpoise. 2．Where can we find the milu deer? A．In Wuhan. B．In Yichang. C．In Shishou. D．In Honghu. 3．What does the little egret like to do? A．Play under trees. B．Relax on trees. C．Walk in shallow water. D．Jump out of the water. 4．What do people do for the Yangtze finless porpoise? A．Protect wetlands. B．Stop fishing. C．Raise baby fish. D．Put it into the river. 5．On what kind of website can we read the passage? A．Business. B．Health. C．Sports. D．Nature. （2026·湖北·中考真题）In ancient China, letters were sent by pigeons and packages (包裹) by horses. Common people could hardly afford it. In 1896, China opened its very first post office. That was the beginning of China’s own postal service. With a small stamp on the cover, people in big cities could send letters and packages. Bikes, ships and trains carried them across mountains and rivers in the country, even abroad. After the founding of the People’s Republic of China in 1949, the postal service grew rapidly. Post offices were set up all around the country. Their services stretched to even the quietest, farthest villages. That made communication much easier for people in every corner of the country. College students could write to their parents in faraway hometowns. Friends and relatives could send packages on festivals to greet each other. Since the 1990s, a new branch (分支) of postal service, the delivery (快递) industry, has also grown rapidly. Take the year 2025 for example. Every second, over 6,000 packages were on the move. Every day, more than 500 million packages were processed and put into trucks. In the whole year, over 180 billion were sent across the country. And the fastest delivery took only several hours! Now, “speed” is no longer the only key word in this industry. Many delivery services have started to go green. Each year, more than 800 million boxes are reused or recycled. Besides, smart packing models are widely used. There’s no doubt that delivery services are smart in our life and friendly to our environment. From pigeons and horses to delivery trucks, China’s postal history shows how this old great nation has developed and progressed. Looking forward, will China’s postal service fly to the moon and other planets in outer space? 1．What happened in 1896 according to the passage? A．Stamps were invented in China. B．China’s first post office was opened. C．People stopped using pigeons and horses. D．Ships and trains began to carry passengers. 2．What does the underlined phrase “stretched to” mean in Paragraph 2? A．Reported. B．Moved. C．Reached. D．Missed. 3．Which can best describe the delivery services according to paragraphs 3&4? A．Faster Greener Smarter. B．Greener Smarter Cheaper. C．Smarter Faster Safer. D．Safer Cheaper Greener. 4．What can we learn from the last sentence of the passage? A．The writer hopes to live on other planets. B．The writer shows interest in space history. C．The writer wants to check the delivery address. D．The writer has confidence in China’s postal service. 5．How does the writer organize the passage? A．In the order of time. B．In the order of space. C．From opinions to facts. D．From reasons to results. （2026·湖北·中考真题）For most foreign teenagers, learning Chinese poems could be boring. But for a group of exchange students in China, it became an amazing trip. To help them learn more, Chinese students in a middle school started a club called “Poetry Gathering”. In this club, students explored the classic poems in active and creative ways. Chinese students prepared “fun cards”. On the cards were famous poems and theme (主题) paintings. Cards about Li Bai’s moon, Du Fu’s mountains, and Wang Wei’s desert were popular. They helped the exchange students know how ancient poets used Chinese to “paint” pictures. Besides, they used simple instruments like drums to experience the rhythm (节奏) of the poems. “When I play the drums to a Tang poem, I can hear the music hidden in the lines,” said Alice, an exchange student. “It makes the poem easy to sing out loud and interesting to share.” By putting poems, paintings and the rhythm together, students made the club a fun place where ancient poets met their teenager fans. When Chinese students and exchange students studied together, they both benefited greatly. “To help them better understand our poems, I have to do some closer reading. Each character means a lot in poems. For example, 水 (shui) shows beauty, sweetness, and a smooth feeling,” said Li Ran. “When my new foreign friend said he could feel the imagery (意境) of the lines, I felt very proud of our culture.” Li added. In fact, learning poems can be fun for everyone. These activities not only offer students a chance to learn more about Chinese poems, but also bring people of different languages and cultures together. 1．What do most foreign teenagers think of learning Chinese poems? A．Exciting. B．Useful. C．Boring. D．Easy. 2．What does the underlined word “They” in Paragraph 2 refer to (指代)? A．Cards. B．Paintings. C．Poems. D．Mountains. 3．What did playing the drums help the students do? A．Sing more poems. B．Feel the rhythm of poems. C．Share classic music. D．Create lively nature scenes. 4．Why did the writer use the example of “水 (shui)”? A．To describe different forms of water. B．To tell the pronunciation of the character. C．To express Chinese people’s love for water. D．To show the rich meanings of Chinese characters. 5．Which of the following can be the best title for the passage? A．A Talk on Chinese Culture B．A Taste of Classic Lines C．Power of Deep Thoughts D．Fun with Chinese Poems （2026·江苏连云港·中考真题）People may want to get things done without moving a finger. The Internet of Things (IoT) is making that dream come true. The technology uses sensors (传感器) to connect devices (设备) to each other and to the Internet. It has encouraged countless products to do everyday tasks. Here are some examples: I’m a smart fridge. I can do more than keep food cold. If you forget what you need to buy for lunch, you can check your phone to find what I have. If you have too many sugary drinks, I can warn you and suggest a piece of fruit instead. I’m a smart wristband. I can help people with heart diseases. I can record blood pressure and heart rate. Then I send the information directly to a team of doctors so that they can deal with the problem as soon as possible. I’m a smart helmet. I help achieve greater safety for motorbike riders. My cameras can show things around them. I can also warn them when they are riding too close to passing cars. I’m a drone. I often fly above farmland. Farmers tell me which field to survey and how high to fly. My cameras and sensors help them learn about soil and plants. I can even spray pesticides (喷药) properly. 1．What can smart fridges do? A．Offer health advice. B．Store more sugary drinks. C．Keep food much colder. D．Remind users to have lunch. 2．Which product can help people with heart problems? A．A smart fridge. B．A drone. C．A smart helmet. D．A smart wristband. 3．In which part of a magazine can you probably read the text? A．Health. B．Technology. C．Environment. D．Traffic. （2026·江苏连云港·中考真题）Some of the most beautiful rivers in the UK are from underground springs, which create perfect conditions for wildlife to live. To understand how healthy the rivers really are, scientists keep watching them for numbers of species (物种) over time. This can show how well a habitat can manage stress such as rising temperatures, reduced rainfall and pollution. Traditionally, researchers survey rivers by going out themselves and searching for plants, animals or signs of their presence (存在). This method works, but it takes much time and can miss some species not present during the survey. A new project called GeneFlow tries a new technology — environmental DNA (eDNA). When a species — for example, a fish — moves through the environment, it drops bits of itself all the time, from dead skin cells to faeces (粪便). The DNA in these materials is known as environmental DNA (eDNA). If someone tests a sample (样本) of the water, these pieces of DNA can show the recent presence of the fish, though no fish is seen. This technology allows scientists to find species that we cannot see with our eyes, so that we can learn more about the rivers. GeneFlow aims to explore the species in 10 rivers across the UK. Beyond information collection, it also aims to connect people with their local rivers. With instructions, members of the public have helped to collect water samples from chosen rivers. Scientists are still studying the water samples, but the early results are promising: nearly 2000 species have been discovered so far, including protected species such as eels and water voles at many places. Several riverfly species — key signs of water quality — were also recorded. 1．What’s the purpose of the first paragraph? A．To list possible dangers to the habitats. B．To describe the rivers’ health conditions. C．To explain the importance of river surveys. D．To introduce some beautiful rivers in the UK. 2．What’s the problem with the traditional method to survey rivers? A．It pollutes the rivers. B．It doesn’t work at all. C．It wastes time finding rivers. D．It can miss hidden species. 3．What is eDNA? A．The DNA of a certain fish in the UK. B．The technology of collecting water samples. C．The technology of preventing water pollution. D．The DNA of species found in the environment. 4．What can we learn about the GeneFlow Project from the last two paragraphs? A．It has found positive results so far. B．It has protected species at many places. C．Its researchers have completed their study. D．Its researchers collected samples in person. （2026·江苏苏州·中考真题） The 2026 Aranya Theater Festival presents 34 productions from 14 countries, aiming to draw worldwide attention. The festival opens with City of Fiction, adapted (改编) from Yu Hua’s novel. It tells the story of a young man from northern China who starts a journey south in search of an imaginary city. The festival also presents a lot of other highly expected works. One such show is Na Han, a Chinese-German production adapted from the short story collection by Lu Xun. It explores themes like family relationships. Dans la tempete continue is a French-Chinese production, which focuses on the dynamics (动态) within a family. Besides drama performances, the festival offers other activities such as workshops and street shows, making visitors’ cultural experiences richer. 1．How many days does the festival last? A．12 days. B．14 days. C．28 days. D．34 days. 2．What do Na Han and Dans la tempete continue have in common? A．They tell the story of the young. B．They try to explore family themes. C．They are French-Chinese productions. D．They are adapted from Lu Xun’s works. 3．What do we know about the festival according to the passage? A．It opens with a foreign production. B．It allows visitors to direct a drama. C．It is to draw Chinese people’s attention. D．It is an international event held in China. （2026·江苏扬州·中考真题）16 winners from 12 countries were awarded at the 18th Special Book Awards of China held in Beijing in June 2025. Aleksei Rodionov, professor of Chinese studies at Saint Petersburg University, is a winner of the award in translating. This award is the highest national award. It is presented each year to foreign authors, translators, and publishers for their great contributions in promoting Chinese publications and cultural exchanges between China and other countries. “As a sinologist (汉学家) and translator of Chinese literature, this award will encourage me to do more and do better in promoting cultural exchanges between Russia and China,” said the professor. Rodionov said that he feels a special connection with China when he thought about his journey in Chinese literature. “I was born on the Russian-Chinese border. From the moment I was born, I had a connection with China. As someone with a great interest in foreign languages, I naturally chose to learn Chinese. That’s how I started the journey of studying the Chinese language and literature,” he noted. To the professor, translation is, in fact, a very enjoyable task. “Translating Chinese literary (文学的) works is my lifelong calling. It brings me joy and gives my life a deeper sense of purpose,” he said. For decades, Rodionov has long devoted himself to translating and researching Chinese literature, having translated 26 works by Chinese authors such as Lao She. “Literary works are an important gateway to understanding Chinese culture and the Chinese people. They are important bridges that connect our hearts and minds. In Russia, authors like Mo Yan and Yu Hua are very popular,” said the professor. 1．What was Aleksei Rodionov awarded for? A．Translating Chinese literature. B．Studying the Chinese language. C．Teaching Russian in China. D．Publishing a book in Chinese. 2．What do we know about the award? A．It is held in Beijing every three years. B．It is the highest national award in Russia. C．It encourages Chinese writers, translators and publishers. D．It praises foreigners’ efforts in spreading Chinese culture. 3．What does paragraph 5 mainly talk about? A．Rodionov’s research into Chinese literature. B．Rodionov’s understanding of translation. C．Rodionov’s experiences of learning Chinese. D．Rodionov’s findings of Russian readers. 4．What is the best title for the text? A．Connected by Literature B．Comparing Cultural Differences C．Rodionov’s Learning Journey in China D．Rodionov’s Exchange Program with China （2026·江苏扬州·中考真题）What if things in your home—your toothbrush, books, desks, even you!—suddenly seemed weightless and began to float? This is what astronauts experience in a space station—microgravity (微重力). Even though the space station and the astronauts inside are in space, Earth’s gravity is still pulling on them, though very weak. Let’s explore the astronauts’ life in space. Though there are some challenges, life in space is a super-fun. Eating and sleeping Need to get from one place to another? Just push off a surface and glide there! Nothing stays put. Imagine turning on a tap. Water would go flying everywhere. Astronauts aren’t allowed to eat anything in the space station that creates crumbs (碎屑). Food crumbs can become a disaster if they get into equipment (设备). That’s why astronauts eat specially prepared meals. There’s no “up” or “down” in space, so astronauts sleep in sleeping bags tied to the wall. Their arms will float in front of them while they sleep. Astronauts have to keep their bodies strong. There’s less stress on bones in space, for gravity is weaker. Muscles (肌肉) aren’t used as much. Their bones and muscles grow weaker. Even astronauts’ hearts can weaken. Every astronaut has to exercise for about two hours a day. Most of the exercise equipment is specially designed to imitate the feel of gravity. Work and play Astronauts spend much of their time working. They do a lot of experiments—from space life science to new spacecraft technologies. Sometimes they do spacewalks to make repairs to the outside of the station. When they have free time, astronauts kick back by reading books and looking down at Earth. 1．According to the text, what may cause danger to the space station? A．Water in special bags. B．Very tiny food pieces. C．Specially prepared meals. D．Sleeping bags tied to the wall. 2．Which of the following should go in the empty box? A．Exercising for a strong heart. B．Moving freely. C．Dealing with space loneliness. D．Staying strong. 3．What does the text mainly talk about? A．Strange changes to astronauts’ bodies in space. B．Astronauts’ fun and challenging life in space. C．How astronauts do experiments in space environments. D．Why astronauts inside the space station can’t stay put. （2026·江苏扬州·中考真题）If you want to learn new stories about familiar plants and animals, and discover new species (物种) to plant in your own yard, Nature of Portland, is a must for you. Most of this book is about which plants and animals are natives in Portland (a city in Oregon, USA). Many plants and animals in this book have long made their homes here. In this field guide, filled with local knowledge and humor, LeeAnn Kriegh describes more than 350 plants and animals found within an hour’s ride of Portland, Inside you’ll discover: ● Common and scientific names ● Key details like size, bloom (flowering) time, and months seen ● Local natural history, ecology, stories, and fun facts ● Details on where to find every species ● Beautiful full-color photos of every species Take Western Starflower from the book as an example. Western Starflower (Lysimachia latifolia) Flowers: Late spring to early summer Late spring is a magical time to explore trails in the Portland area, as birds are singing, and colorful blooms are coming out on wildflowers like this one. Western starflower’s pinkish blooms stand out against the backdrop of the plant’s big, broad, deep-green leaves (latifolia translates to “broad-leaved”). A lot of flowers are in the shape of a star, but species like this one win the starflower name because of their thin flower stalks (茎). They make the flowers seem to fly in the air like stars. ID tips: 2-12 inches tall. Look for a whorl of four to seven broadly oval leaves (up to 3.5 inches long) with pointed tips. Up to a few star-shaped pink flowers (up to 0.75 inches wide) bloom on thin flower stalks, each with five to seven pointed petals (花瓣). Locations: Locally common in shady, wet woods, including at Oxbow Regional Park and Powell Butte Nature Park. At the back of the book, you’ll find 10 “treasure hunts” in the Portland area. The species are waiting to be found. Reading about plants and animals is fun, but getting outside to experience and connect with nature is what Nature of Portland is all about. 1．What is Nature of Portland? A．A fun, friendly guide to local plants and animals. B．A photo collection of plants and animals in danger. C．A field guide to the city’s places of interest. D．A book mainly about some famous local landscapes. 2．What does the underlined word “natives” in paragraph 2 mean? A．Animals or plants that live in the sea. B．Animals that kill and eat other animals. C．Animals or plants that live or grow naturally in a place. D．Unusual and exciting plants, especially from other countries. 3．In the table about Western Starflower, what can you get from the Flowers part? A．How tall the flower is. B．How many leaves the flower has. C．Why the flower gets its name. D．Which parks you can visit to see the flower. 4．What is the purpose of the text? A．To show how to write a book review. B．To tell readers what to expect from the book. C．To give advice on what to grow in your yard. D．To encourage readers to find new local plants. （2026·江西·中考真题）HIGH-FLYING HELPERS Drones, created as tools of war at first, are now performing important tasks to help people around the world. Sending medical help to hard-to-reach places has been a problem for years. In Rwanda, some small hospitals don’t have enough medicine. As a result, many people die. A local company is trying to use drones to solve this problem. Drones can quickly provide healthcare service to the hospitals around Rwanda, and more people receive life-saving medicine. Drones also help after natural disasters. In 2015, a heavy storm hit Vanuatu, leaving many people homeless. Drones took pictures for the rescue (救援) teams. This helped the teams judge the situation quickly and offer help to the areas that were hardest hit. Drones are also helping environmental organizations. Every year, poachers (偷猎者) kill many endangered animals. To stop them, the WWF uses drones. “They help us see things that we can’t,” says Colby, who works for the WWF. Drones can easily identify (识别) poachers in the dark. As well as finding poachers, these tools can be used to follow and protect animals. Scientists at a university plan to use them for a project: recording wildlife and identifying animal groups. The project leader believes drones will become widely used. “I think we will have plenty of drones flying over forests,” he predicts. A tool made for war is now being used to save lives. “Drones can be good for both humans and animals. There’s nothing that can take the place of a good scientist. But now, thanks to drones, scientists are able to finish projects they’ve never imagined before,” says Kike, a man who cares about the environment. 1．What do drones do for the people in Rwanda? A．They take clear pictures. B．They help the homeless in time. C．They send medicine fast. D．They judge the situation carefully. 2．What does the underlined word “They” in Paragraph 3 refer to? A．The drones. B．The poachers. C．The animals. D．The organizations. 3．What are drones mainly used for in Paragraph 3? A．Starting a project. B．Finding lost people. C．Protecting animals. D．Recording daily life. 4．What can we infer from Kike’s words? A．Wars have brought many problems. B．New technologies need improvement. C．People should protect the environment. D．Drones can help scientists do more things. 5．In which section of a magazine can we read the text? A．Nature. B．Technology. C．Health. D．Travel. （2026·山东烟台·中考真题）Minqin, lying in the city of Wuwei in Gansu, is sandwiched between China’s third and fourth-largest deserts. It is one of the country’s main sources (来源) of sandstorms. In 2007, then 26-year-old Ma Junhe started Minqin’s first environmental protection volunteer program named Save Minqin after reading in a newspaper that his hometown was at risk of being covered by sand within 17 years. The program started with just 60 volunteers. Last year, more than 6,000 volunteers planted suosuo trees there, most of whom were aged between 18 and 30, also called GenZers. Zhang Liwen, an 18-year-old girl from Xi’an, spent five days planting suosuo trees in Minqin. “This idea came from my wish to complete a meaningful coming-of-age ceremony, but now I find value in contributing (贡献) to society,” Zhang said. The vlogs shared by Zhang are lively and attractive. She filmed a group of young volunteers, including herself, planting trees with stylish sports sunglasses, enjoying local noodles in their tent, and dancing in the desert after work. Li Xiuniang, from Heilongjiang province, also posted her volunteer work online. “This task isn’t just for Minqin; it’s for all of China,” she said. Lee Ting-Hsuan, a 20-year-old student from Taiwan, is one of thousands of volunteers who travel to Minqin every year. Around 20 young volunteers from Macao also joined the program. “Through tree planting, we get a deeper understanding of Northwest China and its culture,” one of them said. Since 2007, over 80,000 volunteers have joined this program and they have planted over 1.52 million trees, making a green promise in the yellow sands. Ma Junhe said, “GenZers are more confident in achieving their dreams. They really enjoy meaningful public activities, and help a lot by sharing their stories online, attracting more people to take action.” 1．What directly pushed Ma Junhe to set up the Save Minqin program? A．The fear of meeting sandstorms. B．The love of green mountains. C．The wish to attract more GenZers. D．The worry of losing his hometown. 2．Why does the writer list the number of volunteers in the first paragraph? A．To prove that Minqin needs more and more volunteers. B．To show the rapid development of the volunteer program. C．To call on more volunteers to plant suosuo trees in Minqin. D．To compare the number of young volunteers with the older ones. 3．Zhang Liwen’s vlogs can attract more volunteers because the vlogs show ______. A．their contribution to our society B．the hardship of planting trees C．the colorful life of volunteering D．the comfortable life in Minqin 4．What might be the writer’s purpose of writing the passage? A．To show young people from Taiwan and Macao are active. B．To introduce the dangerous condition that Minqin is facing. C．To introduce different ways of encouraging people to plant trees. D．To show the strong volunteering willingness of Chinese GenZers. （2026·山西·中考真题）Every time Steve woke up, he felt his right hand was on fire. He could not lift a cup or touch cold water. The medicine he took didn’t work well. But one day, he put on a VR (虚拟现实) headset and things began to change. VR treatment is being used in medical fields, especially for helping people with chronic (慢性的) pain. In fact, VR can give people experiences that are similar to the real world. In a VR program, Steve was trying out a VR headset. Surprisingly, it took him to a different situation where he was able to move his right hand slowly. Jenny also received the VR treatment in this program. Her back pain bothered her for years. Wearing a VR headset, she was surprised to find she got a little better. So how does VR help? Scientists say that the pain is not only about the body. It also has something to do with the brain. When you fully focus on something exciting, your brain pays less attention to the pain. VR uses this idea to help people feel better. Of course, VR treatment may not suit everyone suffering from pain. It is still being studied, but for those living with pain every day, VR technology brings something important: hope. 1．How does the writer start the text? A．By listing a number. B．By asking a question. C．By giving an example. 2．What did Steve do after putting on a VR headset? A．He lifted his cup quickly. B．He touched his back easily. C．He moved his hand slowly. 3．What does the underlined word “bothered” probably mean in Paragraph 2? A．Protected. B．Troubled. C．Covered. 4．How does VR make people feel less painful according to the text? A．By making the brain focus less on pain. B．By making the body stronger to fight pain. C．By giving people medicine through the headset. 5．Which of the following ideas does the writer probably agree with? A．VR treatment is suitable for everyone. B．People pay little attention to VR treatment. C．VR treatment can help people in some ways. （2026·天津·中考真题）Scientists are creating robots that can be used in many different areas of life. Recently a new kind of robot which looks like a penguin has been developed. The penguin robot helps scientists get closer to emperor penguins (帝企鹅) to know more about their behaviour (行为). Emperor penguins are famous as shy animals. They usually feel nervous and run away when scientists go towards them. This will cause problems to their hearts. To solve it, a team of scientists created a remote control vehicle (遥控车). This vehicle allowed the scientists to study the penguins from over 200 metres away. It could move up to the penguins slowly and quietly without making them run away. It was also used to help make the documentary (纪录片) March of the Penguins. The scientists still wanted to watch emperor penguins much closer. After trying many times, they developed their latest robot which was like a little grey penguin. It had four black wheels, two black arms and a black-and-white painted face. The wheels were prepared for the robot to walk on the thick snow easily. This new robot didn’t scare (惊吓) the penguins. They even sang songs to welcome the robot and listened for a response. But the penguins were very unhappy when there was no answer. The scientists didn’t programme (编写程序) the penguin robot to make a sound. Next time they will have the robot sing songs. Thanks to the robots, scientists could do much more research on emperor penguins. 1．Why was the penguin robot developed? A．To know about scientists’ heart problems. B．To help scientists walk on the thick snow. C．To learn about emperor penguins’ behaviour. D．To help emperor penguins look for more food. 2．How do emperor penguins feel when scientists go towards them? A．Sad. B．Angry. C．Excited. D．Nervous. 3．What does the word “response” in Paragraph 3 mean? A．Plan. B．Answer. C．Lesson. D．Reason. 4．What will the penguin robot do next time according to the passage? A．Sing songs. B．Swim in the sea. C．Take photos. D．Dance on the snow. 5．What is the passage mainly about? A．Penguins in the film. B．Penguins in the zoo. C．Robots for daily housework. D．Robots for studying penguins. 试卷第1页，共3页 1 / 2 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题07 阅读理解（说明文） 答案版 （2026·安徽·中考真题） 1．C 2．A 3．A （2026·福建·中考真题） 1．B 2．B 3．D 4．C 5．D （2026·福建·中考真题） 1．D 2．B 3．A 4．D 5．B （2026·河南·中考真题） 1．A 2．B 3．D 4．C 5．A （2026·湖北·中考真题） 1．A 2．C 3．C 4．B 5．D （2026·湖北·中考真题） 1．B 2．C 3．A 4．D 5．A （2026·湖北·中考真题） 1．C 2．A 3．B 4．D 5．D （2026·江苏连云港·中考真题） 1．A 2．D 3．B （2026·江苏连云港·中考真题） 1．C 2．D 3．D 4．A （2026·江苏苏州·中考真题） 1．A 2．B 3．D （2026·江苏扬州·中考真题） 1．A 2．D 3．B 4．A （2026·江苏扬州·中考真题） 1．B 2．D 3．B （2026·江苏扬州·中考真题） 1．A 2．C 3．C 4．B （2026·江西·中考真题） 1．C 2．A 3．C 4．D 5．B （2026·山东烟台·中考真题） 1．D 2．B 3．C 4．D （2026·山西·中考真题） 1．C 2．C 3．B 4．A 5．C （2026·天津·中考真题） 1．C 2．D 3．B 4．A 5．D 试卷第1页，共3页 1 / 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $