同步语法讲解（反身代词）2026-2027学年译林版八年级英语上册

本初中英语讲义聚焦反身代词核心知识点，从定义（表示“自己”“本身”，强调主语与宾语为同一人或物）切入，通过表格梳理构成规则并附巧记口诀，系统讲解作宾语、同位语、表语的用法，归纳高频固定搭配，点明易错点，最终以分层练习题构建完整学习支架。 资料亮点在于分层精练设计（基础、提高、综合30题）适配不同学生水平，易错提醒通过对比辨析（如“by oneself”等短语）培养思维品质，固定搭配表格强化语言能力。课中辅助教师系统授课，课后助力学生巩固知识，查漏补缺，提升学习能力。

反身代词 （语法讲解+分层精练） 目 录 一、什么是反身代词 1 二、反身代词的构成 1 三、反身代词的常见用法 2 1. 作宾语 2 2. 作同位语 2 3. 作表语 2 四、常用固定搭配（高频考点） 2 五、易错提醒 3 1. 反身代词不能单独作主语 3 2. 单复数形式要与人称一致 3 3. “by oneself” vs “for oneself” vs “to oneself” 3 4. 固定搭配中的人称要和主语一致 3 六、分层中考练习题（30道） 3 基础篇（第1-10题） 3 提高篇（第11-20题） 4 综合篇（第21-30题） 4 一、什么是反身代词 反身代词表示“自己”“本身”或“亲自”，用来指代动作的承受者就是动作的执行者本身，即主语和宾语是同一人或物。 I cut myself when I was cooking. 我做饭时切到了自己。 She taught herself English. 她自学了英语。 二、反身代词的构成 人称 单数形式 复数形式 第一人称 myself（我自己） ourselves（我们自己） 第二人称 yourself（你自己） yourselves（你们自己） 第三人称 himself（他自己） herself（她自己） itself（它自己） themselves（他们/她们/它们自己） 巧记口诀： 一二人称用形物（my, your, our）+ self/selves 第三人称用人称宾格（him, her, it, them）+ self/selves 即：my→myself, your→yourself, our→ourselves；him→himself, her→herself, it→itself, them→themselves 三、反身代词的常见用法 1. 作宾语（动作的承受者就是主语本身） 当主语和宾语是同一人/物时，宾语用反身代词。 He hurt himself when playing football. Please help yourself to some fish.（招待客人用语） 2. 作同位语（表示强调，“亲自”“本人”） 反身代词放在名词/代词之后，起强调作用。去掉后句子结构依然完整。 I myself made the cake.（我自己做的蛋糕） The headmaster himself talked to me. 3. 作表语（表示身体状态或感觉） After a good rest, I felt myself again.（我恢复了常态） 四、常用固定搭配（高频考点） 固定短语 含义 enjoy oneself 玩得开心（= have a good time） help oneself to... 随便吃/喝…… teach oneself 自学（= learn by oneself） by oneself 独自地（= alone, without help） say to oneself 心里想，自言自语 talk to oneself 自言自语 lose oneself in... 沉迷于……，陶醉于…… come to oneself 苏醒过来，恢复意识 make oneself at home 随意，别拘束 for oneself 亲自（为了自己） 五、易错提醒 ⚠️ 1. 反身代词不能单独作主语 · ❌ Myself made the cake. · ✅ I myself made the cake.（作同位语） · ✅ I made the cake myself. ⚠️ 2. 单复数形式要与人称一致 · you → yourself（单数）/ yourselves（复数） · 常见错误：把 yourselves 写成 yourseves（漏了 l）或 yourselfs。 ⚠️ 3. “by oneself” vs “for oneself” vs “to oneself” 短语 含义 by oneself 独自（没人帮忙/单独） for oneself 亲自（为了自己，不是替别人） to oneself 暗自（心里） He did it by himself.（独自做的） He saw it for himself.（亲眼所见） She said to herself.（心里暗想） ⚠️ 4. 固定搭配中的人称要和主语一致 Boys, please help yourselves to some fruit.（对男孩们说，用复数） Mary, please help yourself to some fruit.（对Mary说，用单数） 六、分层中考练习题（30道） 🌟 基础篇（第1-10题） 1. I taught ______ (I) how to swim last summer. 2. She hurt ______ (she) when she fell off the bike. 3. The cat is washing ______ (it). 4. We all enjoyed ______ (we) at the party last night. 5. Boys, you should look after ______ (you) when your parents are out. 6. My little sister is only five, but she can dress ______ (she). 7. Help ______ (you) to some fish, Tom. 8. They built the house all by ______ (they). 9. The old man often talks to ______ (he). 10. Did you enjoy ______ (you) at the concert, Mary and Ann? 🌟🌟 提高篇（第11-20题） 11. My brother is old enough to look after ______. A. he B. him C. his D. himself 12. —Who taught you to play the piano? —Nobody. I learned it ______. A. me B. my C. myself D. mine 13. Please help ______ to some fruit, children. A. you B. your C. yourself D. yourselves 14. The little boy is too young to look after ______. A. he B. him C. his D. himself 15. The story ______ is very interesting, but Sam doesn’t like it. A. itself B. myself C. herself D. themselves 16. I don’t need any help. I can do it ______. A. myself B. me C. my D. mine 17. She said to ______, “I must study harder.” A. she B. her C. herself D. hers 18. The cat can’t open the door by ______. A. it B. its C. itself D. themselves 19. We all live in the same building, so we often help ______. A. us B. our C. ours D. ourselves 20. You needn’t go there. I can go ______. A. me B. my C. mine D. myself 🌟🌟🌟 综合篇（第21-30题） 21. The children enjoyed ______ very much at the zoo, but they didn’t behave ______. A. them; good B. themselves; well C. themselves; good D. them; well 22. Nobody taught him drawing. He learned it all by ______. A. him B. his C. himself D. itself 23. —I’m leaving now. —______, please. The coffee is on the table. A. Help yourself B. Help yourselves C. Enjoy yourself D. Enjoy yourselves 24. —What happened to your father? —He ______ when he was repairing his car. A. hurt himself B. hurt him C. hurts himself D. hurts him 25. She made a birthday cake for ______, not for anyone else. A. she B. her C. hers D. herself 26. My parents often tell ______ to be careful when we cross the road. A. we B. our C. us D. ourselves 27. He lives in a small village and he often does everything ______. A. he B. him C. his D. himself 28. —Who broke the window? —The two boys ______. A. them B. themselves C. they D. their 29. To my surprise, the 5-year-old boy can dress ______ and brush ______ teeth. A. him; his B. himself; his C. him; himself D. himself; himself 30. Mr Wang said to ______, “I should give my students more chances to learn by ______.” A. he; them B. himself; themselves C. himself; them D. he; themselves 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 反身代词 （语法讲解+分层精练） 目 录 一、什么是反身代词 1 二、反身代词的构成 1 三、反身代词的常见用法 2 1. 作宾语 2 2. 作同位语 2 3. 作表语 2 四、常用固定搭配（高频考点） 2 五、易错提醒 2 1. 反身代词不能单独作主语 2 2. 单复数形式要与人称一致 3 3. “by oneself” vs “for oneself” vs “to oneself” 3 4. 固定搭配中的人称要和主语一致 3 六、分层中考练习题（30道） 3 基础篇（第1-10题） 3 提高篇（第11-20题） 4 综合篇（第21-30题） 6 一、什么是反身代词 反身代词表示“自己”“本身”或“亲自”，用来指代动作的承受者就是动作的执行者本身，即主语和宾语是同一人或物。 I cut myself when I was cooking. 我做饭时切到了自己。 She taught herself English. 她自学了英语。 二、反身代词的构成 人称 单数形式 复数形式 第一人称 myself（我自己） ourselves（我们自己） 第二人称 yourself（你自己） yourselves（你们自己） 第三人称 himself（他自己） herself（她自己） itself（它自己） themselves（他们/她们/它们自己） 巧记口诀： 一二人称用形物（my, your, our）+ self/selves 第三人称用人称宾格（him, her, it, them）+ self/selves 即：my→myself, your→yourself, our→ourselves；him→himself, her→herself, it→itself, them→themselves 三、反身代词的常见用法 1. 作宾语（动作的承受者就是主语本身） 当主语和宾语是同一人/物时，宾语用反身代词。 He hurt himself when playing football. Please help yourself to some fish.（招待客人用语） 2. 作同位语（表示强调，“亲自”“本人”） 反身代词放在名词/代词之后，起强调作用。去掉后句子结构依然完整。 I myself made the cake.（我自己做的蛋糕） The headmaster himself talked to me. 3. 作表语（表示身体状态或感觉） After a good rest, I felt myself again.（我恢复了常态） 四、常用固定搭配（高频考点） 固定短语 含义 enjoy oneself 玩得开心（= have a good time） help oneself to... 随便吃/喝…… teach oneself 自学（= learn by oneself） by oneself 独自地（= alone, without help） say to oneself 心里想，自言自语 talk to oneself 自言自语 lose oneself in... 沉迷于……，陶醉于…… come to oneself 苏醒过来，恢复意识 make oneself at home 随意，别拘束 for oneself 亲自（为了自己） 五、易错提醒 ⚠️ 1. 反身代词不能单独作主语 · ❌ Myself made the cake. · ✅ I myself made the cake.（作同位语） · ✅ I made the cake myself. ⚠️ 2. 单复数形式要与人称一致 · you → yourself（单数）/ yourselves（复数） · 常见错误：把 yourselves 写成 yourseves（漏了 l）或 yourselfs。 ⚠️ 3. “by oneself” vs “for oneself” vs “to oneself” 短语 含义 by oneself 独自（没人帮忙/单独） for oneself 亲自（为了自己，不是替别人） to oneself 暗自（心里） He did it by himself.（独自做的） He saw it for himself.（亲眼所见） She said to herself.（心里暗想） ⚠️ 4. 固定搭配中的人称要和主语一致 Boys, please help yourselves to some fruit.（对男孩们说，用复数） Mary, please help yourself to some fruit.（对Mary说，用单数） 六、分层中考练习题（30道） 🌟 基础篇（第1-10题） 1. I taught ______ (I) how to swim last summer. 答案：myself 解析：主语是 I，宾语和主语是同一人，用反身代词 myself。teach oneself 表示“自学”。 2. She hurt ______ (she) when she fell off the bike. 答案：herself 解析：主语是 She，动作承受者是她自己，用反身代词 herself。 3. The cat is washing ______ (it). 答案：itself 解析：主语是 The cat（第三人称单数动物），用反身代词 itself。 4. We all enjoyed ______ (we) at the party last night. 答案：ourselves 解析：主语是 We，enjoy oneself 表示“玩得开心”，用反身代词 ourselves。 5. Boys, you should look after ______ (you) when your parents are out. 答案：yourselves 解析：主语是 Boys, you（复数），look after oneself，用 yourselves。 6. My little sister is only five, but she can dress ______ (she). 答案：herself 解析：主语是 My little sister（单数女性），dress oneself 表示“自己穿衣”，用 herself。 7. Help ______ (you) to some fish, Tom. 答案：yourself 解析：称呼 Tom 是单数，help oneself 用反身代词 yourself。 8. They built the house all by ______ (they). 答案：themselves 解析：主语是 They，by oneself 表示“独自”，用 themselves。 9. The old man often talks to ______ (he). 答案：himself 解析：主语是 The old man（单数男性），talk to oneself 表示“自言自语”，用 himself。 10. Did you enjoy ______ (you) at the concert, Mary and Ann? 答案：yourselves 解析：称呼 Mary and Ann 是两个人（复数），enjoy yourselves 表示“你们玩得开心”。 🌟🌟 提高篇（第11-20题） 11. My brother is old enough to look after ______. A. he B. him C. his D. himself 答案：D 解析：主语是 My brother，动作对象是“他自己”，用反身代词 himself。look after oneself 表示“照顾自己”。 12. —Who taught you to play the piano? —Nobody. I learned it ______. A. me B. my C. myself D. mine 答案：C 解析：由“Nobody”可知是“自学”，learn...by oneself 或 teach oneself。用反身代词 myself。 13. Please help ______ to some fruit, children. A. you B. your C. yourself D. yourselves 答案：D 解析：称呼 children（复数），help oneself to 用 yourselves。 14. The little boy is too young to look after ______. A. he B. him C. his D. himself 答案：D 解析：主语是 The little boy，too...to... 结构，look after oneself，用 himself。 15. The story ______ is very interesting, but Sam doesn’t like it. A. itself B. myself C. herself D. themselves 答案：A 解析：主语是 The story（单数事物），反身代词作同位语表示“故事本身”，用 itself。 16. I don’t need any help. I can do it ______. A. myself B. me C. my D. mine 答案：A 解析：由“I don’t need any help”可知“我自己能做”，用反身代词 myself 作状语，表示“独自地”。 17. She said to ______, “I must study harder.” A. she B. her C. herself D. hers 答案：C 解析：say to oneself 表示“心里想/自言自语”，主语是 She，用 herself。 18. The cat can’t open the door by ______. A. it B. its C. itself D. themselves 答案：C 解析：主语是 The cat（单数动物），by itself 表示“独自地”。 19. We all live in the same building, so we often help ______. A. us B. our C. ours D. ourselves 答案：D 解析：主语是 We，help oneself 表示“互相帮助”（此处 we help ourselves 表示我们帮助自己，但也可理解为互相帮忙，反身代词需与主语一致），用 ourselves。 20. You needn’t go there. I can go ______. A. me B. my C. mine D. myself 答案：D 解析：主语是 I，go there myself 表示“我自己去”，强调“不必你去，我自己去”。 🌟🌟🌟 综合篇（第21-30题） 21. The children enjoyed ______ very much at the zoo, but they didn’t behave ______. A. them; good B. themselves; well C. themselves; good D. them; well 答案：B 解析：第一个空，enjoy oneself 用 themselves；第二个空，修饰动词 behave 用副词 well，good 是形容词。句意：孩子们在动物园玩得很开心，但表现不好。 22. Nobody taught him drawing. He learned it all by ______. A. him B. his C. himself D. itself 答案：C 解析：by oneself 表示“独自地/自学”，主语是 He，用 himself。 23. —I’m leaving now. —______, please. The coffee is on the table. A. Help yourself B. Help yourselves C. Enjoy yourself D. Enjoy yourselves 答案：A 解析：对方是一个人（I），且提到 coffee，是招待用语“请随便喝”，用 Help yourself。注意不是 enjoy（玩得开心）。 24. —What happened to your father? —He ______ when he was repairing his car. A. hurt himself B. hurt him C. hurts himself D. hurts him 答案：A 解析：主语是 He，动作对象是自己（修车时受伤），用反身代词 himself。时态用过去式 hurt，选 A。 25. She made a birthday cake for ______, not for anyone else. A. she B. her C. hers D. herself 答案：D 解析：由“not for anyone else”可知“为她自己做的蛋糕”，介词 for 后用反身代词 herself。 26. My parents often tell ______ to be careful when we cross the road. A. we B. our C. us D. ourselves 答案：C 解析：tell sb to do sth，tell 后接宾格代词 us，不是反身代词。反身代词作宾语时主语和宾语需为同一人，这里是父母告诉“我们”（父母不等于我们），所以用 us。 27. He lives in a small village and he often does everything ______. A. he B. him C. his D. himself 答案：D 解析：句意：他独自住在小村庄里，经常凡事都亲力亲为。do everything himself 表示“亲自做一切”，用 himself 作同位语或状语。 28. —Who broke the window? —The two boys ______. A. them B. themselves C. they D. their 答案：B 解析：回答强调“那两个男孩他们自己（承认/就是他们）”，用 themselves 作同位语。完整形式为：The two boys themselves broke it. 29. To my surprise, the 5-year-old boy can dress ______ and brush ______ teeth. A. him; his B. himself; his C. him; himself D. himself; himself 答案：B 解析：dress oneself（给自己穿衣），用 himself；第二个空是“他的牙齿”，用形容词性物主代词 his。 30. Mr Wang said to ______, “I should give my students more chances to learn by ______.” A. he; them B. himself; themselves C. himself; them D. he; themselves 答案：B 解析：第一个空，say to oneself 用 himself；第二个空，learn by oneself（自学），主语是 students（复数），用 themselves。句意：王老师心里想：“我应该给学生们更多自学机会。” 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $