专题02 语法填空之无提示词（复习讲义）（上海专用）2027年高考英语一轮复习讲练测

该高中英语讲义聚焦高考语法填空无提示词核心考点，涵盖三大从句引导词、特殊句式及冠介代等，按“命题透视-思维建模-考点精讲-真题溯源”逻辑架构知识体系，通过考点梳理（如定语从句三步解题法）、方法指导（速记口诀）、真题训练（2024-2026模考题）等环节，帮助学生构建系统解题思维，突破语法填空难点。 资料采用“知识解构+考向破译”创新模式，如名词性从句通过“缺成分判断+引导词分类”策略培养思维品质，设计分层变式训练（如从句引导词考向1-4专项练习）提升语言能力。结合高考真题规律与名校模拟题，确保复习针对性，助力学生高效掌握解题范式，为教师把控复习节奏提供精准教学指导。

专题02 语法填空之无提示词 内容导航 01 命题透视·考情前瞻 对标素养，研判高考命题趋势 02 思维建模·脉络梳理 搭建知识框架，构建系统思维 03 考点精讲·靶向突破 拆解核心考点，归纳解题范式 考点一 三大从句引导词 知识解构 知识点1 定语从句 知识点2 名词性从句 知识点2 状语从句 考向破译 考向 1 定语从句关系代词与关系副词 考向02 定语从句中介词+关系代词 考向02 名词性从句引导词 考向02 九种状语从句的从属连词 考点二 特殊句式 知识解构 知识点1 倒装句 知识点2 强调句 知识点3 感叹句、祈使句及其它 考向破译 考向01 完全倒装与部分倒装 考向02 强调句型 考向02 感叹祈使及其它 考点三 冠、介、代、并列连词、情态动词及其它 知识解构 知识点1 冠介代 知识点2 并列连词 知识点3 情态动词及其它 考向破译 考向01 冠介代 考向02 并列连词 考向02 情态动词等 04 真题溯源·考向感知 溯源真题逻辑，感知高考考向 命题透视·考情前瞻 ——对标素养，研判高考命题趋势 语法填空之无提示词填空 年份 卷别 有提示词 无提示词 谓语 非谓语 形容词副词 代词 介词 冠词 情态动词 并列句 状从 定从 名从 2024 1月春考 2 3 0 1 1 0 　 0 1 1 1 6月高考 2 2 1 1 1 0 　 0 1 1 1 2023 1月春考 1 3 1 1 1 1 　 0 1　 1 0 6月高考 2 2 0 1 1 0 　 1 1 1 1 2022 1月春考 1 3 0 1 1 0 　 0 1 1 2 6月高考 2 2 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 思维建模·脉络梳理 ——搭建知识框架，构建系统思维 出题方式 词性考查 考点分布 特别注意 无提示词 冠词 定冠词/不定冠词 判断语境是特指还是非特指 介词 搭配及其他 熟练掌握固定搭配以及本身用法 代词 人称物主代词 1、复合句的从句除去关系代词仍缺成分 2、反身代词不能作主语，可作宾语、表语、同位语 3、代词作定语 不定代词 反身单词 动词 情态动词 观察语境中暗含的情感和态度 助动词/系动词 倒装情况 从属连词 定语从句 1、熟练判断各种复合句结构，掌握连接词的特定用法 2、how+adj/adv情况，what+n情况，how many/much/ long....情况 3、表语从句连接词as if，because 名词性从句 状语从句 强调句 并列连词 并列句 判断上下句之间的逻辑关系 考点精讲·靶向突破 ——拆解核心考点，归纳解题范式 考点一、三大从句引导词 知●识●解●构 知识点1 定语从句 一、识别标准（语法填空第一步） 空格紧跟名词 / 代词，后面句子修饰限定该名词，即为定语从句；名词叫先行词，空格填关系词。 易混区分：和同位语从句区分 —— 定语从句关系词在从句充当成分；同位语 that 不作成分、只解释名词内容。 二、语法填空万能三步解题法 判类型：限制性 / 非限制性 1. 有逗号隔开 = 非限制性定语从句：绝对不能用 that； 2. 无逗号 = 限制性定语从句，that/which/who 均可按需选用； 3. which 可指代前面整句话，译为 “这一点”；as 表 “正如”，可放句首、句中、句末，固定搭配 as is known/as is often the case。 定先行词属性 1. 指人：who/whom/that/whose 1. 指物：which/that/whose 1. 表时间 (time/day/moment)、地点 (place/situation/case/point)、原因 (reason)：对应 when/where/why 看从句缺什么成分（填空核心） 1. 缺主语：人 who/that；物 which/that 1. 缺动词宾语：人 whom/who/that；物 which/that（限制性从句作宾语可省略关系词） 1. 缺定语（空格后紧跟名词）：whose（人 / 物通用，=the+n.+of which） 1. 不缺主宾，缺状语：时间 when、地点 where、原因 why 三、that 与 which 使用边界（填空高频坑） 只用 that，不用 which（仅限限制性从句） 1. 先行词为 all, everything, nothing, much, little 等不定代词； 2. 先行词被最高级、序数词、the only/the very/all/any 修饰； 3. 先行词同时包含人 + 物。 只用 which，不用 that 1. 介词提前，介词 +____； 2. 逗号隔开的非限制性定语从句。 四、as vs which 非限制性从句对比 1. which：只能放主句后，仅指代前文内容，译为 “这”； 2. as：位置灵活（句首 / 句中 / 句末），表 “正如”，搭配 see/know/report/say 等动词。 五、高频特殊考点 1. 抽象地点先行词：situation/case/point/scene/occasion，从句缺状语一律用 where； 2. 介词 + 关系代词：指人用 whom，指物用 which，不可用 that； 3. whose 替换结构：whose + n. = the + n. + of which = of which + the + n.； 4. 主谓一致：先行词被 the only one of 修饰，从句谓语用单数；one of + 复数名词，从句谓语用复数。 六、语法填空速记口诀 名后从句定从判，逗号非限弃 that； 先看人物时间地，再看从句缺啥词； 缺主宾用代 who/which，缺定 whose 后带名词； 从句完整用副 when/where/why； as 表正如放句首，介词后只用 which/whom。 知识点2 名词性从句 名词性从句本质：一个句子充当名词功能，分四类：主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句；解题核心两步：①判断从句缺不缺成分 ②区分三类引导词。 三类引导词通用规则 1. 纯连词 that /whether：不作从句任何成分，只起连接；that 无含义，whether 表 “是否”；if 有限制条件。 2. 连接代词 what/who/whom/which/whoever/whatever：从句内作主 / 宾 / 表 / 定，有实际词义。 3. 连接副词 when/where/how/why：从句结构完整，缺时间 / 地点 / 方式 / 原因状语。 一、宾语从句（填空高频） 基础规则 · that 可省；多条并列宾从，仅第一个 that 可省，后面必须保留；句首宾从、带插入语时 that 不可省。 · 介词后表 “是否” 只用 whether，不能用 if；if 一般只用于动词后宾从。 必考：it 作形式宾语 固定结构： ① find/think/make/consider + it + 宾补 + that 从句 ② like/hate/appreciate + it + 从句 ③ see to/depend on + it + that ④ take it for granted that… 认为…… 理所当然 时态考点 主句过去时，从句改用对应过去时态；从句是客观真理 / 常识，永用一般现在时。 二、表语从句 1. 硬性限制：if 不能引导表语从句；that 引导表从绝对不能省略。 2. 经典固定句式（写作 + 填空常考） · This is why… 这就是…… 的结果 · This is because… 这是因为…… · The reason why…is that… …… 的原因是…… as if/as though 引导表从：与事实不符用虚拟语气，符合事实用陈述语气。 三、主语从句 1. 两种结构 ① 从句直接放句首作主语； ② it 作形式主语（考试主流），从句后置。 2. it 形式主语四大模板 ① It + be + 形容词 + that… ② It + be + 名词短语 (a pity/no wonder) + that… ③ It + be + 过去分词 (reported/said) + that… ④ It + 不及物动词 (seem/happen/matter) + that… 四、同位语从句 跟在抽象名词（fact/news/idea/truth/question 等）后，that 不作成分，只解释名词内容； 定语从句关系词必须在从句充当主 / 宾 / 定 / 状，二者核心区分点。 填空解题速记口诀 名从先看缺成分，不缺用 that/whether； 缺主宾用 what/who，完整句子用副 when/where/how/why； 介词后只用 whether，表从主语不用 if； it 作形式主宾是高频，that 表从不可丢。 知识点3 状语从句 一、时间状语从句 功能：修饰主句动作发生时间，主将从现是核心时态规则 1. when：既可表 “当…… 时”，也用于be about to do...when表 “正要…… 突然”；还可表 “既然”。 2. “一…… 就” 类：as soon as/the moment/immediately/hardly...when/no sooner...than；后者需过去完成时 + 一般过去时，放句首要倒装。 3. before：表 “没来得及就、多久才”；固定句型It will be +时间段+before（过多久才）、It is+时间段+since（自从…… 多久）。 二、条件状语从句 功能：表主句动作发生的前提、假设，同样遵循主将从现 1. 基础连词：if（如果）、unless（除非 = if…not）、as long as（只要）、once（一旦）、in case（万一）。 2. 书面条件连词：provided/on condition that/supposing that（假如、只要）。 三、让步状语从句 功能：表 “虽然、即便”，主句存在转折，although/though 不能与 but 连用 1. 基础引导词：although/though/while（句首，尽管）、even if/even though（即使）。 2. 无论……：no matter wh- / wh-ever（however/whatever 等）；as 引导让步需表语 / 状语前置倒装。 3. while 特殊用法：既可让步，也可表对比 “而、却”。 四、原因状语从句 功能：解释主句动作发生缘由，语气强弱：because＞since/as 1. because：直接原因，回答 why；since/as/now that：既然、鉴于，多指已知事实。 2. 补充连词：considering that/seeing that（考虑到）。 五、地点状语从句 功能：说明动作发生地点，可表抽象条件 1. where（在…… 地方）、wherever（无论哪里）；经典谚语Where there is a will, there is a way。 2. 区分：where 引导状语从句直接修饰动词；定语从句 where 前必须有地点先行词。 六、方式状语从句 功能：描述主句动作发生的方式、状态 1. as：按照、像…… 一样； 2. as if/as though：仿佛、好像，可接虚拟语气（与事实不符）。 七、目的状语从句 功能：表主句动作的意图、目标，从句常搭配情态动词 1. so that/in order that：以便；in order that 可放句首，so that 仅放主句后。 2. for fear that/in case/lest：以防、生怕，从句常用(should) do虚拟。 八、结果状语从句 功能：引出主句动作带来的后果 1. so that：因此（表顺承结果）； 2. so…that/such…that：如此…… 以至于；注意名词搭配结构，so/such 放句首主句倒装。 九、比较状语从句（补充九大完整分类） 功能：表人 / 事物间同级、差级对比 1. 原级：as…as；否定 not so/as…as； 2. 比较级：比较级 + than； 3. 特殊：the + 比较级，the + 比较级（越…… 越……）。 考●向●破●译 考向1 考查定语从句关系代词与关系副词 （2025~2026学年闵行区二模） Apps (4)______most users create profiles and interactwith others provide rewards that encourage them to return. Sometimes, it's obvious - a "like", acomment, or a message. （2025~2026学年松江区二模） Therefore, there is necessity for us to understand the science behind focus and recognize the verystrategies (2)__________can make a substantial difference. （2025~2026学年浦东新区二模） Studies have shown that cleaning has a healing effect, as seen by the new generation of “cleanfluencers” ____8____ are taking social media by storm. Millions of people watch them clean dirty homes and share cleaning tips. （2025~2026学年崇明区二模） In 1944, Chang Shuhong founded Dunhuang Art Institute, ____5____ is now known as Dunhuang Academy. He gave up the prospect of furthering his art career, and devoted himself to the protection and study of Dunhuang’s treasures. 【变式训练】 1． was expected, the result of the experiment confirmed the theory that had been proposed many years ago. (用适当的词填空) 2．My grandpa, is often the case with old people, is fond of talking about the good old days. (用适当的词填空) 3． is described in Paragraph 4, taking a small kid to a half-hour Story Time allows the parent to enjoy quiet reading. （用适当的词填空） 4．Xi’ an is the former capital of many dynasties, accounts for its historical significance. (用适当的词填空) 5．By serving others, a person focuses on someone other than himself or herself, can be very eye-opening and rewarding.(用适当的词填空) 考向2 考查介词+关系代词用法 【变式训练】 1．There are birds which kick their young out at an early stage they can produce new chicks. (用适当的词填空) 2．The song, he was interested, will never be heard again. （用适当的词填空） 3．When I looked through the window I saw a girl the beauty took my breath away. （用适当的词填空） 4．He wrote many children’s books, nearly half of were published in the 1990s. （用适当的词填空） 5．Good publishers find and cultivate writers , some of do not initially have much commercial promise. （用适当的词填空） 考向3 考查名词性从句引导词 （2025~2026学年长宁区二模） Everyone wants to live a long, healthy life, and so it’s no surprise that researchers are looking into ways to make that happen. One approach is to study areas in which people have longer-than-average lives known as blue zones and see ___1___ these communities do to promote long life. （2025~2026学年嘉定区二模） For most of us who do visualize, though, the gap between what a film shows and our mental images can lead to disappointment. However, this doesn’t mean the film is a failure. Instead, it offers an insight into ____9____ personal our engagement with novels really is. （2025~2026学年黄浦区二模） Careers ___2___ were once safe are now risky: marketers, some programmers, maybe even lawyers. At the same time, surfing the waves of progress to ___3___ the world is headed is less risky than you think. 【变式训练】 1．The only thing that kept those successful people going was that they loved they did. (用适当的词填空) 2．The chairman of the union made it clear at the meeting he would not step down form his position as chairman. (用适当的词填空) 3．The 4G cell-phone must be of great use to wants to get the information through the Internet quickly. 4．Life is like a cup, and it’s up to you to decide it’s a drinking cup or a toothbrush cup. 5．The book explains human behaviour is influenced by various psychological factors. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【变式训练】 1．Tom was late for work this morning. That is he overslept. (用适当的词填空) 2．That is Salt Lake City now lies. (用适当的词填空) 3．There is something wrong with his watch and that is he is sometimes late for class. (用适当的词填空) 4．The reason why the traffic was stopped was the bridge was damaged by the flood. (用适当的词填空) 5．The question is we should go on with the work. (用适当的词填空) 【变式训练】 1．He often writes to us expressing his hope he’ll come to see us some day. (用适当的词填空) 2．The question group will win the match should be answered by them, Group A or B．(用适当的词填空) 3．There is solid evidence watching 3D movies have some side effects on the viewers. (用适当词填空) 4．There is some doubt the weather will be good enough for the outdoor event. (用适当的词填空) 5．I have no idea will be in charge of the company. (用适当的词填空) 【变式训练】 1． you like him has nothing to do with me. (用适当的词填空) 2． is so breathtaking about the journey to Mount Huangshan is the out-of-this-world scenes. (用适当的词填空) 3．In my opinion, seems easy at first often turns out to be difficult in the end. (用适当的词填空) 4． the young man will go to work in a mountain village has surprised all of us. (用适当的词填空) 5． makes no difference to me who will show up at the meeting tomorrow. (用适当的词填空) 考向4 考查九种状语从句的从属连词 （2025~2026学年虹口区二模） Most people have all the songs they could ever need already by the time they turn 30. And ____3____ _________ we have an online music platform, we can easily take ourselves back to our youth, when life was simpler. （2025~2026学年青浦区二模） The crying horse is a perfect example of this, as it gives workers an alternative way to express their tiredness (8) ________ ________ they are criticized for voicing their true feelings directly. （2025~2026学年长宁区二模） ___5___ the details varied, a common feature in the diets of people in blue zones is that they follow primarily plant-based diets. Those who eat meat typically only do so four or five times a month. 【变式训练】 1．Mum was using Dad’s phone to take photos of the colourful little houses along the coast we saw something amazing — a killer whale! (用适当的词填空) 2． you are interested in traditional Chinese culture, I thought this festival would be a worthwhile experience for you. (用适当的词填空) 3．He couldn’t stand it anymore and he knew he didn’t change, he was going to die. (用适当的词填空) 4．They promised to finish the project by the end of this year, difficulty they might have. (适当词填空) 5．To our surprise, much effort has been made, the cause of the accident has not been found out. (用适当的词填空) 考点二、 考查特殊句式 知●识●解●构 知识点1 倒装句 一、完全倒装（整个谓语放主语前） 1. 触发：here/there/out/away 等方位副词、地点介词短语放句首，主语为名词；主语是代词不倒装。 例：Here comes the bus. / Here it is. 2. There be/lie/live/stand 存在句属于固定完全倒装。 二、部分倒装（仅助动词 /be/ 情态动词提前，实义动词后置） 高考必考四类触发场景： ① 否定词放句首：never/seldom/little/hardly/by no means/not only… ② Only + 状语（副词 / 介词短语 / 状语从句）放句首；only 修饰主语不倒装。 ③ so/neither/nor 表 “也 / 也不”；so/such…that 置于句首。 ④ 虚拟条件省略 if：Had/Were/Should 提前。 关键易错 · not only 后倒装，but also 后不倒装； · hardly…when /no sooner…than 前倒后不倒，时态固定过去完成时 + 一般过去时。 知识点2 强调句 1. 标准 It 型强调（核心考点） 结构：It is/was + 被强调部分 + that/who + 剩余句子 · 人可用 who/that；物、时间 / 地点 / 原因状语只用 that；不能强调谓语。 · 时态：现在 / 将来用 is；过去用 was。 · 变形： 一般疑问：Is/Was it…that…? 特殊疑问：Wh- + is/was it that…（宾语从句内改用陈述语序） not…until 专属强调：It was not until…that… · 判断技巧：去掉 It is/was…that，句子完整通顺即为强调句。 2. 谓语动词强调 肯定句谓语前加do/does/did + 动词原形，表 “的确、一定”。 例：He did finish the work yesterday. 知识点3 感叹句及祈使句 一、感叹句（what /how 两大框架） 功能：抒发强烈情绪，全部用陈述语序。 1. what（修饰名词） · What a/an + adj. 单数可数名词！ · What + adj. 复数名词 / 不可数名词！ 2. how（修饰形容词、副词） · How + adj./adv. + 主 + 谓！ · How + adj. + a/an + 单数名词！ 速记区分：去掉主谓，剩余中心词是名词用 what；是形 / 副用 how。 二、祈使句 1. 基础结构 · 肯定：动词原形开头；否定：Don’t/Never + 动词原形 · let 型：Let us/me… / Let’s… 2. 高考高频搭配：祈使句 + and/or + 一般将来时陈述句 · and：顺承，相当于 if 肯定句；Work hard, and you’ll succeed. · or：否则，相当于 if 否定句；Hurry up, or you’ll miss the bus. 速记区分口诀 倒装分两类，否词 only 触发半倒装； 强调 it 加 that，去掉框架能还原； what 看名词 how 看形副，感叹语序不用换； 祈使原形开头，and/or 连接将来句。 考●向●破●译 考向1 考查倒装句 【变式训练】1．Mere words cannot match the depths of our sorrow, can they heal our wounded hearts. (用适当的词填空) 2． the man in black took off his dark glasses did I realize that he was the famous film star. （用适当的词填空） 3．Not until the rain stopped he leave the room. （用适当的词填空） 4．So fast light travel that we can hardly imagine its speed. (用适当的词填空) 5．Not only he come, but also he brought us good news. (用适当的词填空) 6．Rarely I need to prepare family dinner every day. (用适当的词填空) 7．Not only the writers speak with people who study culture and group behavior, but also they talked with animals experts like zookeepers. (用适当的词填空) 8．After the wars, the Indians were driven to the west of the country. Not until 1924 they gain the right to vote. (用适当的词填空) 9．In the US, only when someone sits in the driver’s seat driverless cars allowed on roads in certain states. (用适当的词填空) 10． loudly did he speak that even the people in the next room could hear him. (用适当的词填空) 考向2 考查强调句 【变式训练】 1．It was not until the latter half of the 20 century calligraphy truly began to experience a revival. (用适当的词填空) 2．It’s not the poor quality of the product but misleading advertisement is to blame for consumers’ distrust. （用适当的词填空） 3．Even so, was not until the Republic of China era in the 1910s that there were some noticeable results in promoting a common unified language in China. (用适当的词填空) 4．It is not your talent but your efforts determines your success. (用适当的词填空) 5．It was in the factory where his friend worked he picked up a lot of experience. (用适当的词填空) 考向3 考查感叹句、祈使句、省略句等 【变式训练】 ______ wonderful a performance the actor gave on the stage! No wonder he won the award. When (step) into the exhibition hall, visitors will be greeted with both technology and relics. 考点三、考查冠介代连词情态动词 知●识●解●构 知识点1 冠词、介词、代词 1）冠词 表示泛指的“一(个,本,座……)”时用不定冠词a/an，表示特指时用the。 2）介词 句子不缺主语、表语、动词后不缺宾语的情况下，名词或代词前面，一定是填介词。 常用介词：in, on, at, to, from, of, off, under, above, below, over, across, through, beyond, behind, beside, between, among, near, up, down, along, around, before, after, since, for, against, besides, except, by, with, without, about, as, like, during, into, throughout, until, within, toward, past, despite, regardless of, in spite of, because of, due to, owing to, thanks to, except for, apart from, other than, such as, according to, instead of, rather than, as well as, in addition to, … 3）代词 当句子缺主语、宾语或定语时，填代词。前后看,是指人、事物；指男、指女,单数、复数；还是填形式主语或形式宾语的it。(注意定语从句可省略作宾语的关系代词,宾语从句可省略that情况，反身代词不能做主语，可做宾语和同位语情况等) 主要考察：人称代词we, you, her, it, they等；物主代词my, their, yours, hers等；反身代词himself, themselves等；指示代词this, these, that, those;不定代词 everything, something, anything, nothing, everyone, someone, everybody, somebody, anybody, nobody, both, either, neither, all, none, each, others, the other, another, the others, one, the one(s). 知识点2 并列连词 1．确定填并列连词 无提示词，空前后是两个并列的主谓完整的句子、单词、短语等；而且相并列的成分之间是并列、转折、选择或因果关系，应填并列连词。 2．两个技巧要熟用 技巧1：关系分析法 分析空前后单词、短语或分句之间的关系，确定用哪个连词。 (1)表示并列或递进关系的有and、both ...and ...、not only ...but (also) ...、neither ...nor ...等。 (2)表示选择关系的有or、either ...or ...、not ...but ...等。 (3)表示转折或对比关系的有but、while等。 (4)表示因果关系的有so、for等。 技巧2：句型法 (1)祈使句＋and/or＋陈述句，如表示顺承用and，表示转折用or。 (2)when作并列连词的常用句型： Sb be doing sth when ... Sb be about to do sth when ... Sb had (just) done sth when ... Hardly ...when ... 知识点3 情态动词等 4）情态动词和助动词 一、基础核心特征（填空识别要点） 1. 情态动词无人称 / 数变化，后接动词原形；否定直接加 not，疑问提前。 2. 两大必考考法：①基本含义（能力 / 许可 / 义务 / 建议）；②情态 + have done（推测 / 虚拟） 3. 区分：need/dare 可作情态动词（仅否定、疑问），也可做实义动词（to do、有人称变化）。 二、核心情态动词基础用法（填空词义判断） 1. can / could · 能力：can 现在；could 过去； · 许可、委婉请求：Could I…？回答用 Yes, you can； · 推测：否定 / 疑问句专用，can’t/couldn’t 不可能； · 固定：can’t…too/enough 再…… 也不为过。 2. may / might · 许可：may 正式许可；might 语气更弱委婉； · 推测：肯定句，可能性弱于 must；might 可能性更小； · 固定：may/might as well do 不妨；May sb. do 祝愿。 3. must · 主观 “必须”；否定回答用 needn’t/don’t have to（不必）；mustn’t = 禁止； · 推测：仅肯定句，语气最强 “一定、准是”。 4. should · 建议、责任 “应该”； · 特殊：It’s strange/necessary that…should do 竟然、居然； · ought to 同义，后必须加 to。 5. will / would · will：现在意愿、习惯性倾向； · would：过去意愿、委婉请求、过去习惯性动作。 6. shall · 一三人称问句表征求意见：Shall I…? · 二三人称表许诺、警告、强制。 7. need（情态） 仅用于否定、疑问：needn’t 不必； 实义动词：don’t need to do（可用于所有句式）。 三、最高频考点：情态动词 + have done（填空必考） 分两类：表推测（判断事实）、表虚拟 / 遗憾（与过去事实相反） （一）对过去事实推测 1. must have done 一定做了（只肯定） 2. can’t/couldn’t have done 不可能做过（否定推测） 3. may/might/could have done 或许做过（可能性弱） （二）虚拟、遗憾、责备（无事实依据，侧重情绪） 1. should have done 本应该做却没做（责备） shouldn’t have done 本不该做却做了（后悔） 2. needn’t have done 本不必做，却白做了 3. could have done 本能够做到，实际没做 4. might have done 本或许可以（暗含错失机会） 四、对现在 / 正在进行推测（填空次要） 1. 情态 + do（状态动词）：She must know the truth. 2. 情态 + be doing（正在进行）：They must be discussing the plan. 五、填空解题三步速判 1. 看空后：是否动词原形 /have done，确定结构； 2. 看语境：是客观推测，还是后悔、建议、禁止； 3. 看句式：否定 / 疑问推测只用 can/could；肯定强推测用 must；弱推测 may/might。 六、填空速记口诀 情动后跟动词原，否定 not 疑问提前； 推测分时分句式，肯定 must 否定 can； have done 两大考点，推测事实虚拟憾； should 本应 need 不必，could 本能够记心间。 考●向●破●译 考向1 考查冠、介、代用法 （2025~2026学年普陀区二模） He said that seeing faces in everyday objects is the result of the brain communicating that information back to ____4____. （2025~2026学年静安区二模） But for many farmers, particularly ___1___ in developing nations, such facts and figures aren’t readily available. The problem is especially worrisome in Africa, where some 60% of the population ___2___ (engage) in small-scale farming. “Africa is still a most data-scarce continent,” says Kate Kallot, CEO and founder of Amini, ___3___environmental data firm founded in 2022. Much of the data is locked in paper files in government offices or only available through extremely expensive satellite providers, she says. The same data scarcity problems exist in other parts of the Global South, such as Latin America, the Caribbean, and Southeast Asia, so it’s likely that Amini’s technology will also have an impact ____10____ Africa. （2025~2026学年崇明区二模） Chang Shana made copies of the murals ____7____ the guidance of her father, researchers at the institute and visiting artists. （2025~2026学年金山区二模） MOFCOM data shows China has 1,455 official time-honored brands, (2)__________anaverage history of over 145 years. In the age of global economy and changing consumer tastes,these brands, carriers of China's business culture, (3)__________(face) gheat chances andchallenges. （2025~2026学年松江区二模） According to Science Focus, managing yourenvironment is essential. Silence offers the best conditions for deep concentration. And gentlebackground noise, (4)__________coffee shop talking, also shows effectiveness in improvingconcentration. Ultimately, a balanced mental state, (10)__________that allows for both focusedwork and environmental awareness, remains the healthiest long-term approach. （2025~2026学年奉贤区二模） It was particularly dangerous for children, so parents would be advised not to count their children unless they survived smallpox. There was absolutely ____3____ that could be done. People tried keeping patients hot ____4____ (sweat) the disease out or even bleeding them, neither of which did any good. Catherine’s inoculation went so well that her experience encouraged her people to get inoculated, too. Indeed, her first experiment demonstrated great resolution and firmness of her mind. To her people, she projected an image of herself ____10____ a caring ruler. She was remembered for advancing public health in Russia and saving millions of lives. （2025~2026学年杨浦区二模） One of the stars of the show was the Ropet, a robotic pet that expresses emotions, ____3____ (remember) faces and can chat in different languages. Thanks to a camera built into its nose, it can detect and react to human emotions, and it understands gestures ____4____ a finger to the lips to ask it to be quiet. It could be appealing to someone who wants a pet, but is unable to look after a real ____5____. There were plenty of devices on display that are designed to help people around the home. These included a robotic vacuum cleaner. This kind of thing isn’t all that new, but the Roborock Saros Z70 has an extra feature: an arm with a pair of pincers (钳子) that it ____6____ use to pick socks, underpants and other things off the floor as it moves around the home. Another device meant for the home is the Smart Indoor Garden, ____7____ it looks like something you might see on a spaceship 【变式训练】 1．The difference between a man who succeeds and who does not lies only in the way each treats opportunities. (用适当的词填空) 2．When my siblings and I were growing up, I always sensed something was missing in my life, fundamental to my very identity, to who I was and where I came from.(用适当的词填空) 3．It started with things assessing credit risk from loan applications, sorting the mail by reading handwritten characters from zip codes. (用适当的词填空) 4．Everybody was touched words after they heard her moving story. (用适当的词填空) 5．Tired, Jim was fast asleep with his back a big tree. (用适当的词填空) 6． all the terrifying facts, however, some conservationists say there is still hope. (用适当的词填空) 7．It saves time in the kitchen to have things you use a lot easy reach. 8．People shared their food, ice, and gasoline. People who still had power opened their homes to who had none. (用适当的词填空) 9．When performing challenging mental task, do it in silence, Perham recommended. (用适当的词填空) 10．My six-month stay on a space station has come to end, and it has been a challenging but magical adventure. (用适当的词填空) 11．Set in 1960s, it's not surprising that the family has to deal with lots of social changes. (适当词填空) 考向2 考查并列连词用法 【变式训练】1．These night schools do not just provide standard academic content, are tapping into the personal passions and unfulfilled dreams of China’s urban youth. (用适当的词填空) 2．Dogs may indeed be able to distinguish between happy angry human faces, according to a new study. (用适当的词填空) 3．I like playing basketball, my brother likes playing football. (用适当的词填空) 4．She is very busy these days, she can’t go to the party with us. (用适当的词填空) 5．You can choose to stay at home go out with your friends. It depends on you. (用适当的词填空) 考向3 考查情态动词用法 （2025~2026学年金山区二模） The carnival, therefore. is more than a business show. It (4)__________also serve as acultural bridge, connecting the past and future, tradition and modern life.Famous for great quality and special features, these products perfectly satisfy modern people'sneed for special and high-end goods. （2025~2026学年宝山区二模） As a result, the buildings are filled with colored light, which is intended to call to mind descriptions of heaven that say it has streets full of gold. Images of cathedrals like Notre-Dame ____6____ convey part of their beauty and splendor, but they don't compare with the experience of seeing them in person. 【变式训练】 1．Handshaking have started as an ancient custom to demonstrate to a stranger that you had no weapon in your hand. (用适当的词填空) 2．But grocery store bread stay fresh during long shipping and storage times. So companies often put a chemical preservative in it. (用适当的词填空) 真题溯源·考向感知 ——溯源真题逻辑，感知高考考向 题组一 语篇填空 （2022年7月上海高考试题） Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. How to Start a New Business An entrepreneur is a person who creates, launches, and begins a new business, typically in response to a market demand that has not been met Entrepreneurs are often imaginative,self motivated individuals who develop full time, successful, and sustainable businesses. Successful entrepreneurs frequently have relevant insights, expertise, and advice they may offer aspiring entrepreneurs to and (21)________ on their respective paths. Interviewing entrepreneurs might provide insight into the steps they took(22) ________(achieve) success. Here is the interview of entrepreneur related questions, and you will find more preparations for it. Question: How would you describe an entrepreneur? Answer: An individual who establishes and expands their own company through innovative strategies(23)______(know) as an entrepreneur During the expansion of their companies: Entrepreneurs are responsible for several important tasks in addition to cash generation. An entrepreneur perceives a commercial need in their society(24) ________ (develop)an idea for a business, and then takes the initiative to start their firm Suppose a business idea does not center on producing a product that fills a gap in the(25) ______ (exist) market. In that case, it most often centers on applying technical advancements to simplify the process of obtaining a product or service. Question: How do entrepreneurs identify business prospects? Answer:Entrepreneurs routinely seek chances to expand or increase their company revenues. They determine which product to include and which market to enter. An entrepreneur should listen to prospective customers and look for chances to build items that meet their demands. An entrepreneur can determine (26) __________ other businesses in the area are doing and how they succeed by conducting a competitive analysis. This technique may involve conducting a physical survey or reading industry specific materials Conversations with consumers also facilitate the identification of their frustrations and negative experiences, (27) ________they may use to enhance a firm Question:What makes an entrepreneur successful? Answer:(28) _________an entrepreneur, you are both your manager and the manager of others. To achieve success, you must possess a wide range of abilities An entrepreneur must be able to manage people,a budget, operations, and in certain cases, investors. It necessitates a work style (29)________ (characterize) by multitasking and planning for the firm's short and long term goals(30) _______successful entrepreneur must be able to spend his time wisely, regularly analyzing and prioritizing projects based on their relevance and significance. It includes engaging in short and long-term planning, economic forecasts, and market research. 题组二 名校试题 Passage 1 【来源】上海外国语大学附属外国语学校2025-2026学年高三上学期9月测评英语试题 When the Going Gets Rough Does change frighten you? There are many ways 1 (handle) the little surprises life throws at us. Stuff happens. There’s nothing we can do to change that. But the problem is that our bodies and brains are programmed to be suspicious of change — to be anxious about it. After all, change means uncertainty and, in our evolutionary past, that meant a greater risk of meeting up with a hungry lion or 2 (annoy) elephant. Therefore, when you are uncertain, the brain releases stress hormones, the fight-or-flight chemicals 3 , when we lived on the savannah, helped our ancestors avoid these hungry lions or face them down. The problem is that the uncertainties we 4 (face) with today aren’t generally as life-or-death, and don’t usually resolve to a quick getaway. So we have to deal with those excess stress hormones in a different way, which is where mindfulness can really help. Here are some top tips for dealing with change so the next time something new and challenging arises, you’ll know exactly what to do. Control What You Can Even in the most difficult of situations, there are some things that you can control. Make a list of these things, 5 small they seem, and then start doing them. You will find that ticking them off the list will make the 6 (controllable) problems appear much more manageable. Opportunity, Not Disaster Suppose you don’t get the grades you need for university, or you don’t get your dream job. One natural response is to think of it as a disaster and that your life is over. This will achieve nothing and make you miserable. 7 is to think of it as an opportunity to do something else entirely: go travelling, apply for an apprenticeship, etc. Studies have shown that people who train themselves to see change as an opportunity 8 a challenge cope with it far better. Time It Uncertainty, rather than change itself, is the biggest cause of stress. One way of coping with it is to work out 9 the uncertainty will last for. 10 (know) when things will change for the better gives your mind an end point that allows it to cope with the uncertain present. Passage 2 【来源】上海交通大学附属中学2025-2026学年高三上学期10月月考英语试题 It might not have been the first to have a touchscreen but it was Tesla’s Model S, with its minimalist cabin built around a huge full-colour display, that set the trend. For years almost every new car sold has come with a high-tech, futuristic screen, which controls everything from the air conditioning and the music to satellite navigation. Even safety features like automatic lane-keeping are sometimes screen- 11 (control). But are touchscreens safe? The case for the prosecution is straightforward. If adjusting the screen of a smartphone while driving is 12 (distract), and therefore dangerous, then doing likewise with your car’s is probably risky too. Drivers can learn the location of physical controls, and press buttons or adjust dials without taking their eyes off the road. A touchscreen offers no physical feedback, making that much harder. And 13 a screen must do dozens of jobs, finding a particular setting often means tapping through several sub-menus. The result, say critics, is a dangerous distraction built into the car itself. Research backs that up. In 2022 Vi Bilagare, a Swedish motoring magazine, measured how long it took drivers to do things like switching to a new radio station or changing the temperature, while driving at 110 kilometres per hour. It 14 (compare) 11 cars with touchscreens to a single older model with real buttons. In the old car, drivers were able to do all their tasks within about ten seconds, during 15 time the car travelled around 300 metres. Another study, done in 2024 by researchers at SINTEF, a Norwegian contract-research organization, used gaze-tracking cameras to compare 16 drivers were distracted while performing different tasks on a touchscreen. Even the quickest job — changing the temperature — meant three and a half seconds, on average, of not looking at the road. Finding a new radio station took 11 seconds, and putting a new address into the satnav took 16. Safety organizations 17 (begin) to notice. From January new rules from Euro NCAP, an organization that provides safety ratings for cars sold in Europe, will mean no car can get a full five-star score 18 certain crucial functions — indicators, for instance, or the windscreen wipers — are controlled by real switches. Euro NCAP’s safety guidelines have no legal force. But carmakers use its ratings as a selling-point. Car makers who choose to bring back physical buttons may reap other benefits, too. Many drivers dislike touchscreens for reasons 19 safety, finding them difficult and annoying to use. Volkswagen, Hyundai and Porsche, among others, have begun restoring at least some buttons to their new models, 20 (cite) drivers’ dislike of screens. But innovation never stops. Passage 3 【来源】上海格致中学2025-2026学年高三上学期9月测评英语试题 A simple blood test can reliably detect signs of brain damage in people on the path to 21 (develop) Alzheimer’s disease even before they show signs of confusion and memory loss, a study from Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis and the German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases in Germany 22 (show). The researchers studied more than 400 people participating in the Dominantly Inherited Alzheimer’s Network (DIAN) study, 247 who carry an early-onset genetic variant and 162 of their unaffected relatives 23 (include). Each participant had previously visited a DIAN clinic to give blood, undergo brain scans and complete cognitive tests. Roughly half had been evaluated more than once, typically about two to three years apart. They found that in those with the faulty gene variant, protein levels were higher at baseline and rose over time. In contrast, protein levels were low and largely steady in people with the healthy form of the gene, and this difference was detectable 16 years 24 cognitive symptoms were expected to arise. Moreover, when the researchers took a look at participants’brain scans, they found that the protein levels rose quickly in step with the speed at which the precuneus, a part of the brain involved in memory, 25 (thin). To find out whether blood protein levels 26 be used to predict cognitive decline, the researchers collected data on 39 people with disease-causing variants when they returned to the clinic an average of two years after their last visit, and found that people 27 blood protein levels had previously risen rapidly were most likely to show signs of brain atrophy and diminished cognitive abilities when they revisited the clinic. All kinds of neurological damage can cause the neurofilament light protein 28 (spill) out of neurons and into blood. Protein levels are high in people with Lewy body dementia and Huntington’s disease. “It is important 29 we confirm our findings in late-onset Alzheimer’s disease and define the time period over which neurofilament changes have to be assessed for optimal clinical predictability,” said senior author Mathias Jucker, who leads the DIAN study in Germany. The researchers may one day apply the findings to quickly and inexpensively identify brain damage in people with not just Alzheimer’s disease but other neurodegenerative conditions 30 multiple sclerosis, traumatic brain injury or stroke. 1 / 19 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题02 语法填空之无提示词 内容导航 01 命题透视·考情前瞻 对标素养，研判高考命题趋势 02 思维建模·脉络梳理 搭建知识框架，构建系统思维 03 考点精讲·靶向突破 拆解核心考点，归纳解题范式 考点一 三大从句引导词 知识解构 知识点1 定语从句 知识点2 名词性从句 知识点2 状语从句 考向破译 考向 1 定语从句关系代词与关系副词 考向02 定语从句中介词+关系代词 考向02 名词性从句引导词 考向02 九种状语从句的从属连词 考点二 特殊句式 知识解构 知识点1 倒装句 知识点2 强调句 知识点3 感叹句、祈使句及其它 考向破译 考向01 完全倒装与部分倒装 考向02 强调句型 考向02 感叹祈使及其它 考点三 冠、介、代、并列连词、情态动词及其它 知识解构 知识点1 冠介代 知识点2 并列连词 知识点3 情态动词及其它 考向破译 考向01 冠介代 考向02 并列连词 考向02 情态动词等 04 真题溯源·考向感知 溯源真题逻辑，感知高考考向 命题透视·考情前瞻 ——对标素养，研判高考命题趋势 语法填空之无提示词填空 年份 卷别 有提示词 无提示词 谓语 非谓语 形容词副词 代词 介词 冠词 情态动词 并列句 状从 定从 名从 2024 1月春考 2 3 0 1 1 0 　 0 1 1 1 6月高考 2 2 1 1 1 0 　 0 1 1 1 2023 1月春考 1 3 1 1 1 1 　 0 1　 1 0 6月高考 2 2 0 1 1 0 　 1 1 1 1 2022 1月春考 1 3 0 1 1 0 　 0 1 1 2 6月高考 2 2 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 思维建模·脉络梳理 ——搭建知识框架，构建系统思维 出题方式 词性考查 考点分布 特别注意 无提示词 冠词 定冠词/不定冠词 判断语境是特指还是非特指 介词 搭配及其他 熟练掌握固定搭配以及本身用法 代词 人称物主代词 1、复合句的从句除去关系代词仍缺成分 2、反身代词不能作主语，可作宾语、表语、同位语 3、代词作定语 不定代词 反身单词 动词 情态动词 观察语境中暗含的情感和态度 助动词/系动词 倒装情况 从属连词 定语从句 1、熟练判断各种复合句结构，掌握连接词的特定用法 2、how+adj/adv情况，what+n情况，how many/much/ long....情况 3、表语从句连接词as if，because 名词性从句 状语从句 强调句 并列连词 并列句 判断上下句之间的逻辑关系 考点精讲·靶向突破 ——拆解核心考点，归纳解题范式 考点一、三大从句引导词 知●识●解●构 知识点1 定语从句 一、识别标准（语法填空第一步） 空格紧跟名词 / 代词，后面句子修饰限定该名词，即为定语从句；名词叫先行词，空格填关系词。 易混区分：和同位语从句区分 —— 定语从句关系词在从句充当成分；同位语 that 不作成分、只解释名词内容。 二、语法填空万能三步解题法 判类型：限制性 / 非限制性 1. 有逗号隔开 = 非限制性定语从句：绝对不能用 that； 2. 无逗号 = 限制性定语从句，that/which/who 均可按需选用； 3. which 可指代前面整句话，译为 “这一点”；as 表 “正如”，可放句首、句中、句末，固定搭配 as is known/as is often the case。 定先行词属性 1. 指人：who/whom/that/whose 1. 指物：which/that/whose 1. 表时间 (time/day/moment)、地点 (place/situation/case/point)、原因 (reason)：对应 when/where/why 看从句缺什么成分（填空核心） 1. 缺主语：人 who/that；物 which/that 1. 缺动词宾语：人 whom/who/that；物 which/that（限制性从句作宾语可省略关系词） 1. 缺定语（空格后紧跟名词）：whose（人 / 物通用，=the+n.+of which） 1. 不缺主宾，缺状语：时间 when、地点 where、原因 why 三、that 与 which 使用边界（填空高频坑） 只用 that，不用 which（仅限限制性从句） 1. 先行词为 all, everything, nothing, much, little 等不定代词； 2. 先行词被最高级、序数词、the only/the very/all/any 修饰； 3. 先行词同时包含人 + 物。 只用 which，不用 that 1. 介词提前，介词 +____； 2. 逗号隔开的非限制性定语从句。 四、as vs which 非限制性从句对比 1. which：只能放主句后，仅指代前文内容，译为 “这”； 2. as：位置灵活（句首 / 句中 / 句末），表 “正如”，搭配 see/know/report/say 等动词。 五、高频特殊考点 1. 抽象地点先行词：situation/case/point/scene/occasion，从句缺状语一律用 where； 2. 介词 + 关系代词：指人用 whom，指物用 which，不可用 that； 3. whose 替换结构：whose + n. = the + n. + of which = of which + the + n.； 4. 主谓一致：先行词被 the only one of 修饰，从句谓语用单数；one of + 复数名词，从句谓语用复数。 六、语法填空速记口诀 名后从句定从判，逗号非限弃 that； 先看人物时间地，再看从句缺啥词； 缺主宾用代 who/which，缺定 whose 后带名词； 从句完整用副 when/where/why； as 表正如放句首，介词后只用 which/whom。 知识点2 名词性从句 名词性从句本质：一个句子充当名词功能，分四类：主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句；解题核心两步：①判断从句缺不缺成分 ②区分三类引导词。 三类引导词通用规则 1. 纯连词 that /whether：不作从句任何成分，只起连接；that 无含义，whether 表 “是否”；if 有限制条件。 2. 连接代词 what/who/whom/which/whoever/whatever：从句内作主 / 宾 / 表 / 定，有实际词义。 3. 连接副词 when/where/how/why：从句结构完整，缺时间 / 地点 / 方式 / 原因状语。 一、宾语从句（填空高频） 基础规则 · that 可省；多条并列宾从，仅第一个 that 可省，后面必须保留；句首宾从、带插入语时 that 不可省。 · 介词后表 “是否” 只用 whether，不能用 if；if 一般只用于动词后宾从。 必考：it 作形式宾语 固定结构： ① find/think/make/consider + it + 宾补 + that 从句 ② like/hate/appreciate + it + 从句 ③ see to/depend on + it + that ④ take it for granted that… 认为…… 理所当然 时态考点 主句过去时，从句改用对应过去时态；从句是客观真理 / 常识，永用一般现在时。 二、表语从句 1. 硬性限制：if 不能引导表语从句；that 引导表从绝对不能省略。 2. 经典固定句式（写作 + 填空常考） · This is why… 这就是…… 的结果 · This is because… 这是因为…… · The reason why…is that… …… 的原因是…… as if/as though 引导表从：与事实不符用虚拟语气，符合事实用陈述语气。 三、主语从句 1. 两种结构 ① 从句直接放句首作主语； ② it 作形式主语（考试主流），从句后置。 2. it 形式主语四大模板 ① It + be + 形容词 + that… ② It + be + 名词短语 (a pity/no wonder) + that… ③ It + be + 过去分词 (reported/said) + that… ④ It + 不及物动词 (seem/happen/matter) + that… 四、同位语从句 跟在抽象名词（fact/news/idea/truth/question 等）后，that 不作成分，只解释名词内容； 定语从句关系词必须在从句充当主 / 宾 / 定 / 状，二者核心区分点。 填空解题速记口诀 名从先看缺成分，不缺用 that/whether； 缺主宾用 what/who，完整句子用副 when/where/how/why； 介词后只用 whether，表从主语不用 if； it 作形式主宾是高频，that 表从不可丢。 知识点3 状语从句 一、时间状语从句 功能：修饰主句动作发生时间，主将从现是核心时态规则 1. when：既可表 “当…… 时”，也用于be about to do...when表 “正要…… 突然”；还可表 “既然”。 2. “一…… 就” 类：as soon as/the moment/immediately/hardly...when/no sooner...than；后者需过去完成时 + 一般过去时，放句首要倒装。 3. before：表 “没来得及就、多久才”；固定句型It will be +时间段+before（过多久才）、It is+时间段+since（自从…… 多久）。 二、条件状语从句 功能：表主句动作发生的前提、假设，同样遵循主将从现 1. 基础连词：if（如果）、unless（除非 = if…not）、as long as（只要）、once（一旦）、in case（万一）。 2. 书面条件连词：provided/on condition that/supposing that（假如、只要）。 三、让步状语从句 功能：表 “虽然、即便”，主句存在转折，although/though 不能与 but 连用 1. 基础引导词：although/though/while（句首，尽管）、even if/even though（即使）。 2. 无论……：no matter wh- / wh-ever（however/whatever 等）；as 引导让步需表语 / 状语前置倒装。 3. while 特殊用法：既可让步，也可表对比 “而、却”。 四、原因状语从句 功能：解释主句动作发生缘由，语气强弱：because＞since/as 1. because：直接原因，回答 why；since/as/now that：既然、鉴于，多指已知事实。 2. 补充连词：considering that/seeing that（考虑到）。 五、地点状语从句 功能：说明动作发生地点，可表抽象条件 1. where（在…… 地方）、wherever（无论哪里）；经典谚语Where there is a will, there is a way。 2. 区分：where 引导状语从句直接修饰动词；定语从句 where 前必须有地点先行词。 六、方式状语从句 功能：描述主句动作发生的方式、状态 1. as：按照、像…… 一样； 2. as if/as though：仿佛、好像，可接虚拟语气（与事实不符）。 七、目的状语从句 功能：表主句动作的意图、目标，从句常搭配情态动词 1. so that/in order that：以便；in order that 可放句首，so that 仅放主句后。 2. for fear that/in case/lest：以防、生怕，从句常用(should) do虚拟。 八、结果状语从句 功能：引出主句动作带来的后果 1. so that：因此（表顺承结果）； 2. so…that/such…that：如此…… 以至于；注意名词搭配结构，so/such 放句首主句倒装。 九、比较状语从句（补充九大完整分类） 功能：表人 / 事物间同级、差级对比 1. 原级：as…as；否定 not so/as…as； 2. 比较级：比较级 + than； 3. 特殊：the + 比较级，the + 比较级（越…… 越……）。 考●向●破●译 考向1 考查定语从句关系代词与关系副词 （2025~2026学年闵行区二模） Apps (4)______most users create profiles and interactwith others provide rewards that encourage them to return. Sometimes, it's obvious - a "like", acomment, or a message. 【答案】 4. where 考查定语从句关系副词。句意：大多数用户创建个人资料并相互互动的应用软件会提供奖励，鼓励他们回来。分析句子结构，空白处引导一个定语从句，修饰先行词“Apps”。从句中主谓宾齐全（most users是主语，create和interact是并列谓语），缺少地点状语，意为“在……的应用软件里”。因此需用关系副词where引导定语从句，在从句中作地点状语。故填where。 （2025~2026学年松江区二模） Therefore, there is necessity for us to understand the science behind focus and recognize the verystrategies (2)__________can make a substantial difference. 【答案】 2. that/which 考查定语从句关系代词。句意：因此，我们有必要了解专注背后的科学，并认识到那些能产生实质性影响的策略。分析句子结构，空白处引导一个定语从句，修饰先行词“the very strategies”。从句中缺少主语，指代“strategies”（物），因此需用关系代词that或which。故填that/which。 （2025~2026学年浦东新区二模） Studies have shown that cleaning has a healing effect, as seen by the new generation of “cleanfluencers” ____8____ are taking social media by storm. Millions of people watch them clean dirty homes and share cleaning tips. 【答案】 8. who##that 考查定语从句。句意：研究表明，清洁具有治愈作用，这一点从那些在社交媒体上风靡一时的“清洁达人”身上就可见一斑。定语从句修饰先行词cleanfluencers，在从句作主语，指人。故填who/that。 （2025~2026学年崇明区二模） In 1944, Chang Shuhong founded Dunhuang Art Institute, ____5____ is now known as Dunhuang Academy. He gave up the prospect of furthering his art career, and devoted himself to the protection and study of Dunhuang’s treasures. 【答案】5. which 考查定语从句。句意：1944年，常书鸿创办了敦煌艺术研究所，即现在的敦煌研究院。此处为关系词引导的非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词Dunhuang Art Institute，指物，关系词在从句中作主语，所以使用关系代词which引导该定语从句。故填which。 【变式训练】 1． was expected, the result of the experiment confirmed the theory that had been proposed many years ago. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】As 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：正如所预料的那样，实验结果证实了多年前提出的理论。此处需要一个能引导非限定性定语从句且可位于句首的关系代词，指代后面整个主句“the result of the experiment confirmed the theory that had been proposed many years ago” 的内容，并在从句中作主语；特殊关系代词as可以引导该非限定性定语从句，表示“正如”，符合此处语境。故填As。 2．My grandpa, is often the case with old people, is fond of talking about the good old days. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】as 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：我的爷爷，像很多老人一样，喜欢谈论过去的美好时光。分析句子可知，此处为关系代词as引导的非限制性定语从句，先行词为整个主句，关系词指代先行词在从句中作主语成分，关系代词as表示“正如，像”，放在主句主谓之间。故填as。 3． is described in Paragraph 4, taking a small kid to a half-hour Story Time allows the parent to enjoy quiet reading. （用适当的词填空） 【答案】As 【详解】考查定语从句关系词。句意：正如第4段所描述的，带孩子去听半小时的故事时间可以让父母享受安静的阅读时光。分析句子结构可知，这是一个关系代词as引导的非限制性定语从句，as在这里代替整个主句“taking a small kid to a half-hour Story Time allows the parent to enjoy quiet reading”，as意为“正如”，位于句首，首字母大写。故填As。 4．Xi’ an is the former capital of many dynasties, accounts for its historical significance. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】which 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：西安是许多朝代的前都城，这解释了它的历史意义。“ accounts for its historical significance”是非限制性定语从句，修饰前面整个句子，句中所述“西安是许多朝代的前都城”这一情况在从句中作主语，用关系代词which引导从句。故填which。 5．By serving others, a person focuses on someone other than himself or herself, can be very eye-opening and rewarding.(用适当的词填空) 【答案】which 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：通过服务他人，一个人关注的是别人而不是自己，这是非常开阔眼界和有益的。分析句子可知，这里考查非限制性定语从句，从句中缺主语，且代指前面整件事情，所以应用关系代词which。故填which。 考向2 考查介词+关系代词用法 【变式训练】 1．There are birds which kick their young out at an early stage they can produce new chicks. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】 at which 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：有些鸟在早期阶段就把它们的幼鸟踢出去，这样它们就可以孵新的小鸟。分析句子可知，空处引导定语从句，修饰stage，指物，at...stage，是固定短语，表示“在……阶段”，从句中作抽象地点状语，用关系副词where或者at which，有两空，故填at which。 2．The song, he was interested, will never be heard again. （用适当的词填空） 【答案】 in which 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：他感兴趣的那首歌再也听不到了。分析句式结构可知，此处是介词+关系代词引导的定语从句。根据下文的“he was interested”可知，此处用介词in构成be interested in结构，先行词song是物，所以介词后面指物的关系代词只能用which。故填①in②which。 3．When I looked through the window I saw a girl the beauty took my breath away. （用适当的词填空） 【答案】 of whom 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：当我从窗户往外看时，我看到了一个女孩，她的美丽让我叹为观止。表示所属关系时，介词应用of，the beauty of a girl“一个女孩的美丽”；先行词是a girl，在定语从句中作介词of的宾语，且置于介词之后，只能用关系代词whom引导。故填of whom。 4．He wrote many children’s books, nearly half of were published in the 1990s. （用适当的词填空） 【答案】which 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：他写了许多儿童读物，其中近一半是在20世纪90年代出版的。分析句子，逗号后是“介词+关系代词”引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词children’s books，先行词指物，关系词用于介词of之后，应用which。故填which。 5．Good publishers find and cultivate writers , some of do not initially have much commercial promise. （用适当的词填空） 【答案】whom 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：优秀的出版商发现并培养作家，其中一些作家最初并没有多少商业前景。分析句子可知，空格处引导定语从句，先行词是writers，从句中作介词of的宾语，指人，用关系代词whom，故填whom。 考向3 考查名词性从句引导词 （2025~2026学年长宁区二模） Everyone wants to live a long, healthy life, and so it’s no surprise that researchers are looking into ways to make that happen. One approach is to study areas in which people have longer-than-average lives known as blue zones and see ___1___ these communities do to promote long life. 【答案】1. what 考查宾语从句。句意：一种方法是研究那些人们寿命比平均寿命长的地区，即蓝色地带，看看这些社区做了什么来促进长寿。空处引导宾语从句，从句缺少宾语，指物，应用连接代词what引导。故填what。 （2025~2026学年嘉定区二模） For most of us who do visualize, though, the gap between what a film shows and our mental images can lead to disappointment. However, this doesn’t mean the film is a failure. Instead, it offers an insight into ____9____ personal our engagement with novels really is. 【答案】 9. how 考查宾语从句。句意：相反，它让我们深刻认识到，我们与小说的互动是多么个人化。此处是感叹句作宾语从句，修饰形容词personal，需用how引导，构成“How + adj./adv. + 主语 + 谓语！”的结构。故填how。 （2025~2026学年黄浦区二模） Careers ___2___ were once safe are now risky: marketers, some programmers, maybe even lawyers. At the same time, surfing the waves of progress to ___3___ the world is headed is less risky than you think. 【答案】 3. where 考查名词性从句。句意：与此同时，顺着进步的浪潮走向世界前进的方向，其风险比你想象的要小。介词to后为宾语从句，从句缺少地点状语，用where“……的地方/方向”引导。故填where。 【变式训练】 1．The only thing that kept those successful people going was that they loved they did. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】what 【详解】考查宾语从句。句意：让这些成功人士坚持下去的唯一原因是他们热爱自己所做的事情。空白处及之后的内容在句中作loved的宾语从句，空白处在宾语从句中作did的宾语，表示“所……的事情”，所以用连接代词what引导宾语从句。故填what。 2．The chairman of the union made it clear at the meeting he would not step down form his position as chairman. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】that 【详解】考查宾语从句。句意：工会主席在会议上明确表示，他不会辞去主席职务。根据句意和句子结构可知，it作形式宾语，空后宾语从句结构完整、不缺意义，用从属连词that。故填that。 3．The 4G cell-phone must be of great use to wants to get the information through the Internet quickly. 【答案】whoever 【详解】考查宾语从句连接词。句意：4G手机对于任何想要通过互联网快速获取信息的人来说都是非常有用的。分析句子结构可知，空处填宾语从句连接词，to后缺宾语（人），wants to get the information这一从句缺主语，故用whoever相当于anyone who，综上，故填whoever。 4．Life is like a cup, and it’s up to you to decide it’s a drinking cup or a toothbrush cup. 【答案】whether 【详解】考查宾语从句连接词。句意：生活就像一个杯子，你可以决定它是一个水杯还是一个牙刷杯。分析句子结构可知，空处填宾语从句连词，再根据句意可知，whether用来以引导宾语从句，通常与从句中的or搭配，意为“是……还是……”，故填whether。 5．The book explains human behaviour is influenced by various psychological factors. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】how 【详解】考查宾语从句连接词。句意：这本书阐释了人类行为是如何受到各类心理因素影响的。分析句子结构可知，空后为宾语从句，从句结构完整（主谓齐全，不缺主宾）；结合句意，此处表示方式，意为 “如何、怎样”，故用连接副词 how 引导从句。 【变式训练】 1．Tom was late for work this morning. That is he overslept. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】because 【详解】考查表语从句。句意：今天早上汤姆上班迟到了。那是因为他睡过头了。空处引导表语从句，从句主谓结构完整，需用连接副词，表示“因为”用because引导从句。故填because。 2．That is Salt Lake City now lies. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】where 【详解】考查表语从句。句意：那就是现在盐湖城的所在地。空处引导表语从句，从句中缺少地点状语，表示“……的地方”，需用连接副词where引导。故填where。 3．There is something wrong with his watch and that is he is sometimes late for class. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】why 【详解】考查表语从句。句意：他的手表出了点问题，这就是他有时上课迟到的原因。空处引导表语从句，从句为完整的主系表结构，应用连接副词引导，“he is sometimes late for class. ”强调结果，应用why，故答案是why。 4．The reason why the traffic was stopped was the bridge was damaged by the flood. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】that 【详解】考查表语从句。句意：交通中断的原因是桥梁被洪水损坏了。此处为连接词引导的表语从句，对主语the reason进行解释说明，从句中不缺成分，且句意完整，所以此处使用连接词that，构成“the reason why…is that...”的固定结构。故填that。 5．The question is we should go on with the work. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】whether 【详解】考查表语从句连接词。句意：问题是我们是否应该继续这项工作。is”后面接的是表语从句，根据语境，此处表达对“是否”继续工作存在疑问，在表语从句中，表达 “是否” 的含义常用 whether 引导，if 虽也有“是否”之意，但一般不引导表语从句。故填whether。 【变式训练】 1．He often writes to us expressing his hope he’ll come to see us some day. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】that 【详解】考查同位语从句。句意：他经常写信给我们，表达他希望有一天能来看望我们。空处引导同位语从句，对名词hope进行解释说明，从句不缺成分且句意完整，需用连接词that引导。故填that。 2．The question group will win the match should be answered by them, Group A or B．(用适当的词填空) 【答案】which 【详解】考查同位语从句。句意：究竟哪一组（A组还是B组）会赢得比赛，这个问题应该由他们来回答。空格处引导同位语从句，由Group A or B可知，句子表示“究竟哪一组（A组还是B组）会赢得比赛，这个问题应该由他们来回答”，空格处意为“哪一个”，用which，故填which。 3．There is solid evidence watching 3D movies have some side effects on the viewers. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】how 【详解】考查连接副词。句意：有确凿的证据表明观看3D电影如何对观众产生一些副作用。空格处需要使用连接词引导名词evidence“证据”的同位语从句，说明证据的具体内容。根据句意可知，证据应该是为了证明观看电影如何能产生副作用，故连接副词how“如何”符合句意，在从句中作方式状语。故填how。 4．There is some doubt the weather will be good enough for the outdoor event. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】whether 【详解】考查同位语从句。句意：对于天气是否足够好以举行户外活动，还存在一些疑问。空处引导同位语从句，解释说明doubt的具体内容，从句不缺成分，引导词表示“是否”，应用连接词whether引导。故填whether。 5．I have no idea will be in charge of the company. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】who 【详解】考查连接代词。句意：我不知道谁将负责这家公司。空处为同位语从句，缺少主语，表示“谁”，用连接代词who。故填who。 【变式训练】 1． you like him has nothing to do with me. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】Whether 【详解】考查主语从句连接词。句意：你是否喜欢他与我无关。分析句子结构可知，“_______ you like him”是一个主语从句，从句中不缺少主语、宾语等主要成分，但根据句意，这里需要表达“是否”的含义，所以应用whether来引导，且位于句首，首字母需大写。需要特别注意的是：if也有“是否”的意思，但if不能引导位于句首的主语从句。故填Whether。 2． is so breathtaking about the journey to Mount Huangshan is the out-of-this-world scenes. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】What 【详解】考查主语从句。句意：黄山之旅最令人惊叹的是那些超凡脱俗的景色。分析句子可知，句子为主语从句，空格处单词引导从句，从句中缺少主语，指事物，没有选择范围，故应用“what”引导从句，句首单词首字母大写。故填What。 3．In my opinion, seems easy at first often turns out to be difficult in the end. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】what 【详解】考查主语从句。句意：在我看来，一开始看起来容易的事情往往最后会变得困难。分析句子结构可知，“____ seems easy at first”在句中作主语，为主语从句，且从句中缺少主语，指物，应用连接代词what来引导。故填what。 4． the young man will go to work in a mountain village has surprised all of us. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】That 【详解】考查主语从句。句意：这个年轻人将要去一个山村工作，这让我们所有人都感到惊讶。分析句子结构可知，“____ the young man will go to work in a mountain village”为主语从句，该从句中不缺少成分，句意完整，应用连接词that来引导，且位于句首，首字母需大写。故填That。 5． makes no difference to me who will show up at the meeting tomorrow. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】It 【详解】考查it的用法。句意：谁出席明天的会议对我来说没有关系。设空处代替后面who连接主语从句作形式主语，应用it，句首单词首字母大写，故填It。 考向4 考查九种状语从句的从属连词 （2025~2026学年虹口区二模） Most people have all the songs they could ever need already by the time they turn 30. And ____3____ _________ we have an online music platform, we can easily take ourselves back to our youth, when life was simpler. 【答案】 3. now that##seeing that 考查原因状语从句。句意：既然/鉴于我们有了一个在线音乐平台，就能轻易重温青春岁月，那时的生活更加简单。本空表示“既然，由于”，用now that引导原因状语从句。也可以表示“鉴于，既然”用seeing that，引导原因状语从句。故填now that/seeing that。 （2025~2026学年青浦区二模） The crying horse is a perfect example of this, as it gives workers an alternative way to express their tiredness (8) ________ ________ they are criticized for voicing their true feelings directly. 【答案】 8. in case 考查状语从句。句意：哭泣的马就是一个完美的例子，因为它给了职场人一种替代方式来表达疲惫，以防他们因直接表达真实感受而受到批评。固定短语in case，表示“以防、万一”，符合语境，体现“表达疲惫的替代方式”的目的是避免被批评。故填in case。 （2025~2026学年长宁区二模） ___5___ the details varied, a common feature in the diets of people in blue zones is that they follow primarily plant-based diets. Those who eat meat typically only do so four or five times a month. 【答案】 5. Although##Though##While 考查让步状语从句。句意：虽然细节各不相同，但蓝色地带人们的饮食有一个共同特点，那就是他们主要遵循植物性饮食。结合句意可知，此处表示“虽然”，应用although/though/while引导让步状语从句，位于句首，首字母大写。故填Although/Though/While。 【变式训练】 1．Mum was using Dad’s phone to take photos of the colourful little houses along the coast we saw something amazing — a killer whale! (用适当的词填空) 【答案】when 【详解】考查连词。句意：妈妈正在用爸爸的手机拍摄海岸边五颜六色的小房子，这时我们看到了令人惊奇的东西——一头虎鲸！此处考查固定句型“be doing sth. when...”，意为“正在做某事，这时……”，其中when引导时间状语从句，表示“就在这时（突然）”。故填when。 2． you are interested in traditional Chinese culture, I thought this festival would be a worthwhile experience for you. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】Now that 【详解】考查连词。句意：既然你对中国传统文化感兴趣，我想这个节日对你来说是一次值得的经历。根据句意可知，表示 “既然”用now that引导原因状语从句，首字母大写。故填Now that。 3．He couldn’t stand it anymore and he knew he didn’t change, he was going to die. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】if 【详解】考查状语从句。句意：他再也无法忍受了，他知道如果他不改变，他就会死。设空处引导条件状语从句，根据句意表示“如果”用if。故填if。 4．They promised to finish the project by the end of this year, difficulty they might have. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】whatever 【详解】考查让步状语从句。句意：他们承诺在今年年底前完成这个项目，无论他们可能遇到什么困难。空处引导让步状语从句，结合句意，此处表达“无论什么”，且修饰名词difficulty，应用连接代词whatever。故填whatever。 5．To our surprise, much effort has been made, the cause of the accident has not been found out. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】although/though 【详解】考查连词。句意：令我们惊讶的是，虽然已经付出了很多努力，但事故的原因还没有查明。空格处应填连词，结合句意可知，“much effort has been made”和“the cause of the accident has not been found out”之间为转折关系，所以应用although或though引导让步状语从句，意为“虽然，尽管”。故填although/though。 考点二、 考查特殊句式 知●识●解●构 知识点1 倒装句 一、完全倒装（整个谓语放主语前） 1. 触发：here/there/out/away 等方位副词、地点介词短语放句首，主语为名词；主语是代词不倒装。 例：Here comes the bus. / Here it is. 2. There be/lie/live/stand 存在句属于固定完全倒装。 二、部分倒装（仅助动词 /be/ 情态动词提前，实义动词后置） 高考必考四类触发场景： ① 否定词放句首：never/seldom/little/hardly/by no means/not only… ② Only + 状语（副词 / 介词短语 / 状语从句）放句首；only 修饰主语不倒装。 ③ so/neither/nor 表 “也 / 也不”；so/such…that 置于句首。 ④ 虚拟条件省略 if：Had/Were/Should 提前。 关键易错 · not only 后倒装，but also 后不倒装； · hardly…when /no sooner…than 前倒后不倒，时态固定过去完成时 + 一般过去时。 知识点2 强调句 1. 标准 It 型强调（核心考点） 结构：It is/was + 被强调部分 + that/who + 剩余句子 · 人可用 who/that；物、时间 / 地点 / 原因状语只用 that；不能强调谓语。 · 时态：现在 / 将来用 is；过去用 was。 · 变形： 一般疑问：Is/Was it…that…? 特殊疑问：Wh- + is/was it that…（宾语从句内改用陈述语序） not…until 专属强调：It was not until…that… · 判断技巧：去掉 It is/was…that，句子完整通顺即为强调句。 2. 谓语动词强调 肯定句谓语前加do/does/did + 动词原形，表 “的确、一定”。 例：He did finish the work yesterday. 知识点3 感叹句及祈使句 一、感叹句（what /how 两大框架） 功能：抒发强烈情绪，全部用陈述语序。 1. what（修饰名词） · What a/an + adj. 单数可数名词！ · What + adj. 复数名词 / 不可数名词！ 2. how（修饰形容词、副词） · How + adj./adv. + 主 + 谓！ · How + adj. + a/an + 单数名词！ 速记区分：去掉主谓，剩余中心词是名词用 what；是形 / 副用 how。 二、祈使句 1. 基础结构 · 肯定：动词原形开头；否定：Don’t/Never + 动词原形 · let 型：Let us/me… / Let’s… 2. 高考高频搭配：祈使句 + and/or + 一般将来时陈述句 · and：顺承，相当于 if 肯定句；Work hard, and you’ll succeed. · or：否则，相当于 if 否定句；Hurry up, or you’ll miss the bus. 速记区分口诀 倒装分两类，否词 only 触发半倒装； 强调 it 加 that，去掉框架能还原； what 看名词 how 看形副，感叹语序不用换； 祈使原形开头，and/or 连接将来句。 考●向●破●译 考向1 考查倒装句 【变式训练】 1．Mere words cannot match the depths of our sorrow, can they heal our wounded hearts. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】nor/neither 【详解】考查部分倒装。句意：光是言语无法弥补我们的悲痛，也无法治愈我们受伤的心灵。结合句意“也不”和置于主语之前的can可知，此处应填否定词nor/neither，当它们置于句首时，句子要部分倒装，将“情态动词/be/助动词”置于主语之前。故填nor/neither。 2． the man in black took off his dark glasses did I realize that he was the famous film star. （用适当的词填空） 【答案】 Not until 【详解】考查连词。句意：直到那个穿黑衣服的人摘下墨镜，我才意识到他就是那个著名的电影明星。根据did I realize可知此处为半倒装结构，再结合句意，该句为连词not until...（直到……才）引导时间状语从句，主句为半倒装。故填Not until。 3．Not until the rain stopped he leave the room. （用适当的词填空） 【答案】did 【详解】考查部分倒装。句意：直到雨停他才离开房间。分析可知，“not until+句子”位于句首时，主句部分应部分倒装，将“情态动词/be/助动词”置于主语之前；根据从句谓语动词stopped可知，主句也为一般过去时，应将助动词did置于主语he之前。故填did。 4．So fast light travel that we can hardly imagine its speed. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】does 【详解】考查部分倒装。句意：光速如此之快，我们几乎无法想象它的速度。在so… that…句式中，如果so位于句首，主句需部分倒装，此处谓语为travel，且陈述客观事实，主语为light，故将助动词does置于主语light之前。故填does。 5．Not only he come, but also he brought us good news. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】did 【详解】考查部分倒装。句意：他不仅来了，还给我们带来好消息。根据but also he brought us good news. 可知，本句要用一般过去时。将Not only置于句首时，该句要用部分倒装，因此将did提到主语之前。故填did。 6．Rarely I need to prepare family dinner every day. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】do 【详解】考查倒装句和时态。句意：我很少需要每天准备家庭晚餐。分析句子结构可知，rarely意为“很少”表示否定意义，位于句首时句子要使用部分倒装，即将助动词、系动词或者情态动词置于主语之前，根据every day可知，句子使用一般现在时态，一般现在时态的助动词为do或者是does，主语为I，所以助动词为do。故填do。 7．Not only the writers speak with people who study culture and group behavior, but also they talked with animals experts like zookeepers. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】did 【详解】考查倒装句和时态。句意：作者不仅与研究文化和群体行为的人交谈，还与动物园管理员等动物专家交谈。分析句子结构可知，否定词位于句首句子使用部分倒装，即将助动词、系动词或者情态动词置于主语之前，根据下文中的talked可知，空格所在的句子使用的是一般过去时态，一般过去时态的助动词为did，将其置于主语之前，原来的谓语动词变为动词原形speak。故填did。 8．After the wars, the Indians were driven to the west of the country. Not until 1924 they gain the right to vote. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】did 【详解】考查部分倒装和时态。句意：战争结束后，印第安人被驱赶到该国西部。直到1924年，他们才获得投票权。分析句意可知，词组not until“直到……才”引导的时间状语置于句首时，句子的主谓应该使用部分倒装，而此句描述事实已发生，故使用一般过去时，即空格处需要填写的为提前的助动词did。故填did。 9．In the US, only when someone sits in the driver’s seat driverless cars allowed on roads in certain states. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】are 【详解】考查倒装句和主谓一致。句意：在美国某些州，只有当有人坐在驾驶座上时，无人驾驶汽车才允许上路。Only接状语从句位于句首时，主句要用部分倒装，即把助动词，be动词或者情态动词提前。故该句主句正常语序应是“driverless cars______ allowed on roads in certain states.”主语“driverless cars”和谓语动词“allowed”之间是被动关系，要用被动语态be done，主语是复数，句子是一般现在时，故填are。 10． loudly did he speak that even the people in the next room could hear him. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】So 【详解】考查倒装句和结果状语从句。句意：他说话的声音如此之大，连隔壁房间的人都能听到。分析句子可知，句为“so+adv.+that…”引导的结果状语从句，当“so”放在句首时，主句要用部分倒装，“did”提前，还原后为“he spoke so loudly that…”，故空格处应用“So”，句首单词首字母大写。故填So。 考向2 考查强调句 【变式训练】 1．It was not until the latter half of the 20 century calligraphy truly began to experience a revival. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】that 【详解】考查强调句。句意：直到 20 世纪后半叶，书法才真正开始迎来复兴。此处为强调句：It is/was not until+被强调部分+ that +其它部分。故填that。 2．It’s not the poor quality of the product but misleading advertisement is to blame for consumers’ distrust. （用适当的词填空） 【答案】that 【详解】考查强调句。句意：消费者不信任的原因不是产品质量差，而是误导性的广告。去掉it is和设空处句子依然完整，因此这是一个强调句结构：It is... that(强调人可用who)...，强调的部分是主语not the poor quality of the product but misleading advertisement。故填that。 3．Even so, was not until the Republic of China era in the 1910s that there were some noticeable results in promoting a common unified language in China. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】it 【详解】考查强调句型。句意：即便如此，直到20世纪10年代的民国时期，在中国推动统一语言的工作才取得了一些明显的成果。此处为强调句型“It was+被强调部分+that...”结构，强调的是“not… until”句型中的时间状语，所以此处使用it。故填 it。 4．It is not your talent but your efforts determines your success. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】that 【详解】考查强调句型。句意：决定你成功的不是你的天赋而是你的努力。此处用强调句型“it is+被强调部分+that+其它”，被强调部分为“not your talent but your efforts”，空处用that符合题意。故填that。 5．It was in the factory where his friend worked he picked up a lot of experience. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】that 【详解】考查强调句。句意：正是在朋友工作的那家工厂里，他学到了很多经验。此处是强调句：it be+强调内容+that/who+句子剩余部分，当强调内容为人，应用that/who，当强调内容为物，应用that，此处强调状语in the factory where his friend worked。故填that。 考向3 考查感叹句、祈使句等 【变式训练】 ______ wonderful a performance the actor gave on the stage! No wonder he won the award. 答案：How 解析：考查感叹句。感叹句结构为 “How + 形容词 / 副词 + 主语 + 谓语”，此处 “wonderful” 为形容词，“a performance the actor gave on the stage” 为主语和谓语部分，所以用 How 引导。 例1When (step) into the exhibition hall, visitors will be greeted with both technology and relics. 【答案】stepping 【解析】考查状语从句的省略。句意：踏入展厅时，参观者将看到技术和文物。此处是when引导的状语从句的省略，当主句主语和从句主语是同一主语时，且从句含有be动词，从句可以省略主语和be动词，主语visitors与空处为主动关系，完整从句为when they are stepping into the exhibition hall，省略主语和be动词，故填stepping。 考点三、 无提示词—考查冠介代连词情态动词 知●识●解●构 知识点1 冠词、介词、代词 1）冠词 表示泛指的“一(个,本,座……)”时用不定冠词a/an，表示特指时用the。 2）介词 句子不缺主语、表语、动词后不缺宾语的情况下，名词或代词前面，一定是填介词。 常用介词：in, on, at, to, from, of, off, under, above, below, over, across, through, beyond, behind, beside, between, among, near, up, down, along, around, before, after, since, for, against, besides, except, by, with, without, about, as, like, during, into, throughout, until, within, toward, past, despite, regardless of, in spite of, because of, due to, owing to, thanks to, except for, apart from, other than, such as, according to, instead of, rather than, as well as, in addition to, … 3）代词 当句子缺主语、宾语或定语时，填代词。前后看,是指人、事物；指男、指女,单数、复数；还是填形式主语或形式宾语的it。(注意定语从句可省略作宾语的关系代词,宾语从句可省略that情况，反身代词不能做主语，可做宾语和同位语情况等) 主要考察：人称代词we, you, her, it, they等；物主代词my, their, yours, hers等；反身代词himself, themselves等；指示代词this, these, that, those;不定代词 everything, something, anything, nothing, everyone, someone, everybody, somebody, anybody, nobody, both, either, neither, all, none, each, others, the other, another, the others, one, the one(s). 知识点2 并列连词 1．确定填并列连词 无提示词，空前后是两个并列的主谓完整的句子、单词、短语等；而且相并列的成分之间是并列、转折、选择或因果关系，应填并列连词。 2．两个技巧要熟用 技巧1：关系分析法 分析空前后单词、短语或分句之间的关系，确定用哪个连词。 (1)表示并列或递进关系的有and、both ...and ...、not only ...but (also) ...、neither ...nor ...等。 (2)表示选择关系的有or、either ...or ...、not ...but ...等。 (3)表示转折或对比关系的有but、while等。 (4)表示因果关系的有so、for等。 技巧2：句型法 (1)祈使句＋and/or＋陈述句，如表示顺承用and，表示转折用or。 (2)when作并列连词的常用句型： Sb be doing sth when ... Sb be about to do sth when ... Sb had (just) done sth when ... Hardly ...when ... 知识点3 情态动词等 4）情态动词和助动词 一、基础核心特征（填空识别要点） 1. 情态动词无人称 / 数变化，后接动词原形；否定直接加 not，疑问提前。 2. 两大必考考法：①基本含义（能力 / 许可 / 义务 / 建议）；②情态 + have done（推测 / 虚拟） 3. 区分：need/dare 可作情态动词（仅否定、疑问），也可做实义动词（to do、有人称变化）。 二、核心情态动词基础用法（填空词义判断） 1. can / could · 能力：can 现在；could 过去； · 许可、委婉请求：Could I…？回答用 Yes, you can； · 推测：否定 / 疑问句专用，can’t/couldn’t 不可能； · 固定：can’t…too/enough 再…… 也不为过。 2. may / might · 许可：may 正式许可；might 语气更弱委婉； · 推测：肯定句，可能性弱于 must；might 可能性更小； · 固定：may/might as well do 不妨；May sb. do 祝愿。 3. must · 主观 “必须”；否定回答用 needn’t/don’t have to（不必）；mustn’t = 禁止； · 推测：仅肯定句，语气最强 “一定、准是”。 4. should · 建议、责任 “应该”； · 特殊：It’s strange/necessary that…should do 竟然、居然； · ought to 同义，后必须加 to。 5. will / would · will：现在意愿、习惯性倾向； · would：过去意愿、委婉请求、过去习惯性动作。 6. shall · 一三人称问句表征求意见：Shall I…? · 二三人称表许诺、警告、强制。 7. need（情态） 仅用于否定、疑问：needn’t 不必； 实义动词：don’t need to do（可用于所有句式）。 三、最高频考点：情态动词 + have done（填空必考） 分两类：表推测（判断事实）、表虚拟 / 遗憾（与过去事实相反） （一）对过去事实推测 1. must have done 一定做了（只肯定） 2. can’t/couldn’t have done 不可能做过（否定推测） 3. may/might/could have done 或许做过（可能性弱） （二）虚拟、遗憾、责备（无事实依据，侧重情绪） 1. should have done 本应该做却没做（责备） shouldn’t have done 本不该做却做了（后悔） 2. needn’t have done 本不必做，却白做了 3. could have done 本能够做到，实际没做 4. might have done 本或许可以（暗含错失机会） 四、对现在 / 正在进行推测（填空次要） 1. 情态 + do（状态动词）：She must know the truth. 2. 情态 + be doing（正在进行）：They must be discussing the plan. 五、填空解题三步速判 1. 看空后：是否动词原形 /have done，确定结构； 2. 看语境：是客观推测，还是后悔、建议、禁止； 3. 看句式：否定 / 疑问推测只用 can/could；肯定强推测用 must；弱推测 may/might。 六、填空速记口诀 情动后跟动词原，否定 not 疑问提前； 推测分时分句式，肯定 must 否定 can； have done 两大考点，推测事实虚拟憾； should 本应 need 不必，could 本能够记心间。 考●向●破●译 考向1 考查冠、介、代用法 （2025~2026学年普陀区二模） He said that seeing faces in everyday objects is the result of the brain communicating that information back to ____4____. 【答案】 4. itself 考查代词。句意：他表示，在日常物品中看到人脸是大脑将信息回传给自身的结果。此处指代the brain，表示“它自己”，所以用反身代词itself。故填itself。 （2025~2026学年静安区二模） But for many farmers, particularly ___1___ in developing nations, such facts and figures aren’t readily available. The problem is especially worrisome in Africa, where some 60% of the population ___2___ (engage) in small-scale farming. “Africa is still a most data-scarce continent,” says Kate Kallot, CEO and founder of Amini, ___3___environmental data firm founded in 2022. Much of the data is locked in paper files in government offices or only available through extremely expensive satellite providers, she says. The same data scarcity problems exist in other parts of the Global South, such as Latin America, the Caribbean, and Southeast Asia, so it’s likely that Amini’s technology will also have an impact ____10____ Africa. 【答案】1. those 3. an 10. beyond 【1题详解】 考查代词。句意：但对于许多农民而言，尤其是那些来自发展中国家的农民来说，这类数据和信息往往难以获取。此处为同类异物特指，指“发展中国家的那些农民”用代词those。故填those。 【3题详解】 考查冠词。句意：“非洲仍然是一个数据极度匮乏的地区，”阿米尼公司的首席执行官兼创始人凯特·卡洛特说道。该公司成立于2022年，是一家专注于环境数据的公司。此处firm为泛指，且environmental是发音以元音音素开头的单词。故填an。 【10题详解】 考查介词。句意：同样的数据匮乏问题也存在于全球南部的其他地区，比如拉丁美洲、加勒比地区和东南亚，所以阿米尼的这项技术很可能也会在非洲以外的地区产生影响。此处意为“影响力延伸至非洲以外地区”应用介词beyond。故填beyond。 （2025~2026学年崇明区二模） Chang Shana made copies of the murals ____7____ the guidance of her father, researchers at the institute and visiting artists. 【答案】 7. under 考查介词。句意：常沙娜在父亲、研究所的研究人员和来访艺术家的指导下临摹壁画。under the guidance of...是固定短语，表示“在……的指导下”。故填under。 （2025~2026学年金山区二模） MOFCOM data shows China has 1,455 official time-honored brands, (2)__________anaverage history of over 145 years. In the age of global economy and changing consumer tastes,these brands, carriers of China's business culture, (3)__________(face) gheat chances andchallenges. 【答案】 2. with 【2题详解】 考查介词。句意：商务部数据显示，中国有1455个官方认定的老字号品牌，平均拥有超过145年的历史。分析句子结构，空白处后接“an average history...”是对“1,455 official time-honored brands”的补充说明，表示“具有、带有”某种特征，应用介词with。故填with。 （2025~2026学年松江区二模） According to Science Focus, managing yourenvironment is essential. Silence offers the best conditions for deep concentration. And gentlebackground noise, (4)__________coffee shop talking, also shows effectiveness in improvingconcentration. Ultimately, a balanced mental state, (10)__________that allows for both focusedwork and environmental awareness, remains the healthiest long-term approach. 【答案】4. like/including 10. one/something 【4题详解】 考查介词。句意：而温和的背景噪音，比如咖啡馆的谈话声，也被证明能有效提高专注力。此处需要引出举例说明“gentle background noise”的内容。“like”作为介词，意为“例如，像”，符合语境。故填like。 【10题详解】 考查代词。句意：最终，一种平衡的心理状态——一种既允许专注工作又保持环境觉察的状态——仍然是最健康的长期方法。分析句子结构，“______ that allows...”是同位语，对前面的“a balanced mental state”进行补充说明。为了避免重复，使用代词“one”来指代“a balanced mental state”。故填one。 （2025~2026学年奉贤区二模） It was particularly dangerous for children, so parents would be advised not to count their children unless they survived smallpox. There was absolutely ____3____ that could be done. People tried keeping patients hot ____4____ (sweat) the disease out or even bleeding them, neither of which did any good. Catherine’s inoculation went so well that her experience encouraged her people to get inoculated, too. Indeed, her first experiment demonstrated great resolution and firmness of her mind. To her people, she projected an image of herself ____10____ a caring ruler. She was remembered for advancing public health in Russia and saving millions of lives. 【答案】 3. nothing 10. as 【3题详解】 考查不定代词。句意：根本没有什么办法。根据后文“People tried keeping patients hot (4) (sweat) the disease out or even bleeding them, neither of which did any good.(人们试图让病人保持发热，以出汗排出疾病，甚至给他们放血，但都没有任何效果)”可知，此处表示“没有什么办法”，应用不定代词nothing。故填nothing。 【10题详解】 考查介词。句意：在她的臣民面前，她树立了一个关心人民的统治者的形象。project an image as… 表示 “塑造……的形象”。故填as。 （2025~2026学年杨浦区二模） One of the stars of the show was the Ropet, a robotic pet that expresses emotions, ____3____ (remember) faces and can chat in different languages. Thanks to a camera built into its nose, it can detect and react to human emotions, and it understands gestures ____4____ a finger to the lips to ask it to be quiet. It could be appealing to someone who wants a pet, but is unable to look after a real ____5____. There were plenty of devices on display that are designed to help people around the home. These included a robotic vacuum cleaner. This kind of thing isn’t all that new, but the Roborock Saros Z70 has an extra feature: an arm with a pair of pincers (钳子) that it ____6____ use to pick socks, underpants and other things off the floor as it moves around the home. Another device meant for the home is the Smart Indoor Garden, ____7____ it looks like something you might see on a spaceship 【答案】 4. like 5. one 6. can 7. and 【4题详解】 考查介词。句意：其鼻子内置的摄像头使它能够感知并回应人类的情绪，还能理解诸如用手指触唇来要求安静这样的手势。该空后的a finger to the lips是前面gestures的一个具体的例子，应填介词like。故填like。 【5题详解】 考查代词。句意：对于那些想要拥有一只宠物但又无法照顾真实宠物的人来说，它可能颇具吸引力。该空需要一个代词指代前面的单数名词pet作宾语，应填one。故填one。 【6题详解】 考查情态动词。句意：这类产品并非全新的事物，但 Roborock Saros Z70有一个额外的功能：带有钳子的机械臂，它可以在家中移动时使用这些钳子从地板上捡起袜子、内裤和其他物品。该空是that引导的定语从句中的谓语部分，it为主语，关系词that指代先行词pincers作动词use的宾语，主语是单数名词，谓语动词use使用了原形可知，应该是和情态动词连用，此处是表示这款机器人的一个功能表示“它能够使用这个钳子”，应填can。故填can。 【7题详解】 考查连词。句意：另一种面向家庭使用的设备是“智能室内花园”，它看起来就像你可能会在宇宙飞船中看到的东西。该空需要一个连词连接两个句子，空前和空后的两个句子不存在主从关系，为并列关系。故填and。 【变式训练】 1．The difference between a man who succeeds and who does not lies only in the way each treats opportunities. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】one 【详解】考查代词。句意：一个成功的人和一个不成功的人之间的区别只在于他们对待机会的方式。空处泛指前面的a man，用代词one代指。故填one。 2．When my siblings and I were growing up, I always sensed something was missing in my life, fundamental to my very identity, to who I was and where I came from.(用适当的词填空) 【答案】something 【详解】考查不定代词。句意：在我和我的兄弟姐妹成长的过程中，我总是感觉到我的生活中缺少了一些东西，一些对我的身份、我是谁、我来自哪里至关重要的东西。结合句意可知，空处应填不定代词something，作同位语，对前文的something进行解释说明。故填something。 3．It started with things assessing credit risk from loan applications, sorting the mail by reading handwritten characters from zip codes. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】like 【详解】考查介词。句意：它开始于评估贷款申请的信用风险，通过阅读邮政编码中的手写字符来分类邮件。“assessing credit risk from loan applications, sorting the mail by reading handwritten characters from zip codes” 是对前面things举的例子，空格处意为“像，比如”，需填介词like。故填like。 4．Everybody was touched words after they heard her moving story. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】beyond 【详解】考查介词。句意:在他们听说她的感人的故事之后，每个人都被感动得难以言表。空格处在句中充当程度状语，beyond words为固定短语，意为“难以言表”。故填beyond。 5．Tired, Jim was fast asleep with his back a big tree. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】against 【详解】考查介词。句意：吉姆累了，背靠着一棵大树快速地入睡了。结合句意，表示“倚靠着”为介词against。故填against。 6． all the terrifying facts, however, some conservationists say there is still hope. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】Despite 【详解】考查介词。句意：然而，尽管有这些可怕的事实，一些自然资源保护主义者表示仍有希望。介词despite (尽管)表让步，首字母大写。故填Despite。 7．It saves time in the kitchen to have things you use a lot easy reach. 【答案】within 【详解】考查介词。句意：把你经常使用的东西放在易于触及的地方可以节省厨房的时间。结合语意，空处应用介词within，表示“在……之内”，within easy reach表示“易于触及”，符合句意。故填within。 8．People shared their food, ice, and gasoline. People who still had power opened their homes to who had none. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】those 【详解】考查代词。句意：那些还有电的人会向那些没有电的人敞开家门。根据下文的“who had none”可知，指的是没有电的那些人，用代词those。故填those。 9．When performing challenging mental task, do it in silence, Perham recommended. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】a 【详解】考查冠词。句意：佩勒姆建议，在进行一项具有挑战性的脑力任务时，要在安静中进行。task为可数名词，此处为泛指，且challenging是发音以辅音音素开头的单词。故填a。 10．My six-month stay on a space station has come to end, and it has been a challenging but magical adventure. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】an 【详解】考查冠词。句意：我在空间站的6个月已经结束了，这是一次充满挑战但又神奇的冒险。此处为固定短语come to an end意为“结束”符合句意，所以此处应为不定冠词an。故填an。 11．Set in 1960s, it's not surprising that the family has to deal with lots of social changes. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】the 【详解】考查冠词。句意：背景设定在20世纪60年代，这一家人不得不应对许多社会变化，这不足为奇。in the 1960s意为“在20世纪60年代”。故填the。 考向2 考查并列连词用法 【变式训练】 1．These night schools do not just provide standard academic content, are tapping into the personal passions and unfulfilled dreams of China’s urban youth. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】but 【详解】考查连词。句意：这些夜校不仅提供标准的学术内容，而且还挖掘了中国城市青年的个人爱好与未实现的梦想。从语法结构看，此句运用了“not just...but...”的结构，意为“不仅……而且”这一结构用来连接两个并列的谓语部分，即“provide standard academic content”与“are tapping into the personal passions and unfulfilled dreams”，前后描述夜校的两项功能，是一种递进、并列的关系，应用“but”来完成这个关联结构。故填but。 2．Dogs may indeed be able to distinguish between happy angry human faces, according to a new study. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】and 【详解】考查并列连词。句意：一项新的研究表明，狗可能确实能够区分快乐和愤怒的人脸。此处为固定搭配：between...and...“在……和……之间”。故填and。 3．I like playing basketball, my brother likes playing football. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】while/but 【详解】考查连词。句意：我喜欢打篮球，而我的哥哥喜欢踢足球。空处应用连词，连接两个并列句，表示对比关系，意为“然而”，应用并列连词while或but。故填while/but。 4．She is very busy these days, she can’t go to the party with us. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】so 【详解】考查连词。句意：她这些天很忙，所以她不能和我们一起去参加聚会。根据句意可知，此处为连词“so”，表示“所以”在这里表示因果关系，“She is very busy these days”（她这些天很忙）是原因，“she can’t go to the party with us”（她不能和我们一起去参加派对）是结果。故填so。 5．You can choose to stay at home go out with your friends. It depends on you. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】or 【详解】考查并列连词。句意：你可以选择待在家里或者和朋友们出去。这取决于你自己。“stay at home(待在家里)”和“go out with your friends(和朋友出去)”为选择关系，“or”符合句子语境。故填or。 考向3 考查情态动词用法 （2025~2026学年金山区二模） The carnival, therefore. is more than a business show. It (4)__________also serve as acultural bridge, connecting the past and future, tradition and modern life.Famous for great quality and special features, these products perfectly satisfy modern people'sneed for special and high-end goods. 【答案】 4. can 【4题详解】 考查情态动词。句意：因此，这个嘉年华不仅仅是一个商业展示。它也可以作为一个文化桥梁……。根据上下文逻辑，此处表示该活动“能够、可以”起到文化桥梁的作用，强调其功能或可能性。情态动词can符合此意。故填can。 （2025~2026学年宝山区二模） As a result, the buildings are filled with colored light, which is intended to call to mind descriptions of heaven that say it has streets full of gold. Images of cathedrals like Notre-Dame ____6____ convey part of their beauty and splendor, but they don't compare with the experience of seeing them in person. 【答案】6. can 考查情态动词。句意：像圣母院这样的大教堂的图片可以传达出它们的一部分美丽和辉煌，但与亲眼看到它们的体验相比，还是有所不及。根据语境可知，此处表示“能够，可以”，应用情态动词can，后接动词原形convey，说明图片可以展现出建筑的部分特质。故填can。 【变式训练】 1．Handshaking have started as an ancient custom to demonstrate to a stranger that you had no weapon in your hand. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】may/might 【详解】考查情态动词。句意：握手最初可能是一种古老的习俗，用来向陌生人展示你手中没有武器。分析句子结构可知，本句中主语为动名词Handshaking，为单数，而谓语动词是have started，且have是用的原形；结合句意，此处表达一种猜测，所以应该用情态动词may/might have done表示“有可能”。故填may或might。 2．But grocery store bread stay fresh during long shipping and storage times. So companies often put a chemical preservative in it. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】must 【详解】考查情态动词。句意：但是食品杂货店的面包必须在漫长的运输和贮存期间保持新鲜度。分析句子结构可知，bread是句子的主语且是单数形式，而空格后动词stay用了动词原形。换言之，空格要填上一个词使得stay保持形式不变，考虑情态动词。再分析句意，长时间的运输和贮存肯定会使面包失去新鲜度，因此就得想办法让它保持新鲜。must语气最强烈。故填must。 真题溯源·考向感知 ——溯源真题逻辑，感知高考考向 题组一 语篇填空 （2022年7月上海高考试题） Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. How to Start a New Business An entrepreneur is a person who creates, launches, and begins a new business, typically in response to a market demand that has not been met Entrepreneurs are often imaginative,self motivated individuals who develop full time, successful, and sustainable businesses. Successful entrepreneurs frequently have relevant insights, expertise, and advice they may offer aspiring entrepreneurs to and (21)________ on their respective paths. Interviewing entrepreneurs might provide insight into the steps they took(22) ________(achieve) success. Here is the interview of entrepreneur related questions, and you will find more preparations for it. Question: How would you describe an entrepreneur? Answer: An individual who establishes and expands their own company through innovative strategies(23)______(know) as an entrepreneur During the expansion of their companies: Entrepreneurs are responsible for several important tasks in addition to cash generation. An entrepreneur perceives a commercial need in their society(24) ________ (develop)an idea for a business, and then takes the initiative to start their firm Suppose a business idea does not center on producing a product that fills a gap in the(25) ______ (exist) market. In that case, it most often centers on applying technical advancements to simplify the process of obtaining a product or service. Question: How do entrepreneurs identify business prospects? Answer:Entrepreneurs routinely seek chances to expand or increase their company revenues. They determine which product to include and which market to enter. An entrepreneur should listen to prospective customers and look for chances to build items that meet their demands. An entrepreneur can determine (26) __________ other businesses in the area are doing and how they succeed by conducting a competitive analysis. This technique may involve conducting a physical survey or reading industry specific materials Conversations with consumers also facilitate the identification of their frustrations and negative experiences, (27) ________they may use to enhance a firm Question:What makes an entrepreneur successful? Answer:(28) _________an entrepreneur, you are both your manager and the manager of others. To achieve success, you must possess a wide range of abilities An entrepreneur must be able to manage people,a budget, operations, and in certain cases, investors. It necessitates a work style (29)________ (characterize) by multitasking and planning for the firm's short and long term goals(30) _______successful entrepreneur must be able to spend his time wisely, regularly analyzing and prioritizing projects based on their relevance and significance. It includes engaging in short and long-term planning, economic forecasts, and market research. 【答案】 21 them 22 to achieve 23 is known 24 develops 25. existing 26 what 27 which 28 As 29 characterized 30 A 【解析】 21.them 考查代词作宾语。根据句子结构，这里说的是成功的企业家为有抱负的企业家提供建议，因此此处要帮助的人(宾语)指的就是有抱负的企业家们，即 aspiring entrepreneurs，所以应填入人称代词宾格，且表复数，故填入them。句意:成功的企业家通常有相关的见解、专业知识和建议，他们可以为有抱负的企业家提供帮助，帮助他们走上各自的道路。 22 to achieve 【解析】考查动词不定式作目的状语。根据句子结构，企业家所采取的步骤是为了获得成功，所以这里应用动词不定式表目的。而且根据句子的谓语动词 might provide判定空格处的动词为非谓语动词。故填入to achieve。句意:采访企业家可能会让你了解他们取得成功所采取的步骤。 23.is known 【解析】考查一般现在时的被动。结合问题"How Would You Describe An Entrepreneur?(你如何描述企业家?)"可知这个回答是在为企业家下定义，此处应为固定搭配“be known as”(被称为:被认为是...)，根据“An individual"可知此处的be动词是单数的，文章的时态为一般现在时，而且根据句子主语 individual后的 who 引导的定语从句，空格处的动词为谓语动词。故填入 is known。句意:通过创新战略建立并扩大自己公司的人被称为企业家。 24.develops 【解析】考查一般现在时。此句的主语是 An entrepreneur，该空是一个谓语动词,且与前面的 perceives 并列，时态还是一般现在时，故填入 develops。句意:企业家在他们的社会中发现了商业需求，发展出了一个商业想法，然后主动创办了自己的公司。此空的陷阴主谱后面的空格处动词，惯性思维理解为非谓语结构。实际这个句子看完才发现是并列谓语结构。此题的失分较多，很多同学们会填写 developing:事实上是 develops 25.existing 【解析】考查先分词作定语。根据句子结构可知,此处应用形容间修饰名词 market,而且从句子的谓语动词 does not center 也推测空格处动词需要填写非谓语动词,故填入existing(现存的，现行的)。句意:假设一个商业想法的中心不是生产填补现有市场空白的产品。 26.what 【解析】考查宾语从句。该段回答的问题是“企业家如何识别商业前景”，根据后面的"how they succeed(他们是如何成功的)”可以推测出这里要表达的意思是“其他企业在做什么"，故填入what。句意:企业家可以通过进行竞争分析来确定该地区的其他企业在做什么以及他们是如何成功的。 27 which 【解析】考查非限制性定语从句。此处考查的是定语从句，their frustrations and negative experiences 在后面的从句中作宾语，属于事物，故填入which。句意:与消费者的对话也有助于识别他们的沮丧和负面体验，他们可能会利用这些来增强公司。 28.As 【解析】考查介词,此处回答的问题是“是什么让企业家成功”,后面的 you are both your manager and the manager of others.是个完整的句子，an entrepreneur 为名词。结合语境，此处要表达的意思应是“作为一名企业家”，故填入 As。句意:作为一名企业家，你既是自己的管理者，也是他人的管理者。 29.characterized 【解析】考查过去分词作后置定语，根据句子的谓语动词necessitates 判定空格处的提示动词为非谓语动词结构，而且由"by”可知，此处应用过去分词修饰名词词组a work style，此处实际上是一个定酒从句.which is characterized by multitasking and planning: 省略了 which is，故填入characterized。句意:它需要种多任务处理和为公司的短期和长期目标规划的工作风格。 30.A 【解析】考查不定冠词。这里的entrepreneur为可数名词单数，应用不定冠词a修饰，故填入A。句意:一个成功的企业家必须能够明智地利用他的时间，有规律地根据项目的相关性和重要性分析和排序。 题组二 名校试题 Passage 1 【来源】上海外国语大学附属外国语学校2025-2026学年高三上学期9月测评英语试题 When the Going Gets Rough Does change frighten you? There are many ways 1 (handle) the little surprises life throws at us. Stuff happens. There’s nothing we can do to change that. But the problem is that our bodies and brains are programmed to be suspicious of change — to be anxious about it. After all, change means uncertainty and, in our evolutionary past, that meant a greater risk of meeting up with a hungry lion or 2 (annoy) elephant. Therefore, when you are uncertain, the brain releases stress hormones, the fight-or-flight chemicals 3 , when we lived on the savannah, helped our ancestors avoid these hungry lions or face them down. The problem is that the uncertainties we 4 (face) with today aren’t generally as life-or-death, and don’t usually resolve to a quick getaway. So we have to deal with those excess stress hormones in a different way, which is where mindfulness can really help. Here are some top tips for dealing with change so the next time something new and challenging arises, you’ll know exactly what to do. Control What You Can Even in the most difficult of situations, there are some things that you can control. Make a list of these things, 5 small they seem, and then start doing them. You will find that ticking them off the list will make the 6 (controllable) problems appear much more manageable. Opportunity, Not Disaster Suppose you don’t get the grades you need for university, or you don’t get your dream job. One natural response is to think of it as a disaster and that your life is over. This will achieve nothing and make you miserable. 7 is to think of it as an opportunity to do something else entirely: go travelling, apply for an apprenticeship, etc. Studies have shown that people who train themselves to see change as an opportunity 8 a challenge cope with it far better. Time It Uncertainty, rather than change itself, is the biggest cause of stress. One way of coping with it is to work out 9 the uncertainty will last for. 10 (know) when things will change for the better gives your mind an end point that allows it to cope with the uncertain present. 【答案】 1．to handle 2．annoyed 3．which/that 4．are faced 5．however 6．less controllable 7．Another 8．instead of/rather than 9．how long 10．Knowing 【导语】本文主要介绍了大脑应对变化的机制以及现在社会中的不确定性给应对方式带来改变，并给出面对变化带来的挑战时的一些应对方法。 【详解】1．考查非谓语动词。句意：生活抛给我们的意外有许多应对方法。a way/ways to do sth.是固定搭配，表示“做某事的方法”，这里用不定式作后置定语修饰ways，所以用handle的动词不定式to handle。 2．考查形容词。句意：毕竟，变化意味着不确定性，在人类进化过程中，那意味着更高的风险，可能会遇到一头饥饿的狮子或是一头被惹怒的大象。此处修饰名词elephant，需要用形容词，annoy是动词，其过去分词转化而来的形容词annoyed表示“被惹怒的，发怒的”，符合语义。 3．考查定语从句。句意：因此，当你感到不确定时，大脑会释放压力荷尔蒙，也就是战或逃反应的化学物质，在我们祖先居住在草原的时期，这些化学物质帮助我们的祖先避开或对抗这些饥饿的狮子。空处引导定语从句，先行词the fight-or-flight chemicals是物，定语从句中缺少主语，所以用关系代词which或that。 4．考查动词时态和语态。句意：问题在于，我们如今面对的不确定性通常都不是生死攸关的问题，通常也没法靠快速逃离解决。be faced with是固定搭配，表示“面对”，此处描述现在的客观情况，用一般现在时，主语是we，所以be动词用are。 5．考查让步状语从句。句意：把这些事情列一个清单，无论它们看起来多小，然后着手去做。此处引导让步状语从句，修饰形容词small，表示“无论多么”，所以用however。 6．考查形容词比较级。句意：你会发现，把清单上的事情划掉会让那些更难控制的问题看起来也变得好处理多了。根据“much more manageable”可知，空处应用比较级。前文“Even in the most difficult of situations, there are some things that you can control. Make a list of these things, _____ small they seem, and then start doing them.”提到列出可以控制的问题，完成之后，相对来说，剩下的不可控问题的难度也会下降，暗含比较含义，需要用controllable的比较级的否定形式less controllable，表示“更难控制的，没那么可控的”。 7．考查代词。句意：另一种是把它看作一个机会，去做一些完全不同的事情：去旅行，申请学徒，等等。此处与上文One natural response对应，指代另一种反应，用another，空格位于句首，首字母大写。 8．考查介词短语。句意：研究表明，那些训练自己把变化看作机遇而非挑战的人，能更好地应对变化。本段小标题“Opportunity, Not Disaster”提出的思路就是把坏事看作机会，这里表示“代替，而不是”，所以填介词短语instead of/rather than。 9．考查宾语从句。句意：应对它的一个方法是弄清楚这种不确定性会持续多久。work out后接宾语从句，从句中缺少for的宾语，表示“多长时间，多久”，对时间段提问，所以用how long。 10．考查非谓语动词。句意：知道事情何时会好转给你的大脑一个终点，让它能够应对不确定的当下。此处动名词作句子主语，所以用know的动名词形式knowing，首字母大写。 Passage 2 【来源】上海交通大学附属中学2025-2026学年高三上学期10月月考英语试题 It might not have been the first to have a touchscreen but it was Tesla’s Model S, with its minimalist cabin built around a huge full-colour display, that set the trend. For years almost every new car sold has come with a high-tech, futuristic screen, which controls everything from the air conditioning and the music to satellite navigation. Even safety features like automatic lane-keeping are sometimes screen- 11 (control). But are touchscreens safe? The case for the prosecution is straightforward. If adjusting the screen of a smartphone while driving is 12 (distract), and therefore dangerous, then doing likewise with your car’s is probably risky too. Drivers can learn the location of physical controls, and press buttons or adjust dials without taking their eyes off the road. A touchscreen offers no physical feedback, making that much harder. And 13 a screen must do dozens of jobs, finding a particular setting often means tapping through several sub-menus. The result, say critics, is a dangerous distraction built into the car itself. Research backs that up. In 2022 Vi Bilagare, a Swedish motoring magazine, measured how long it took drivers to do things like switching to a new radio station or changing the temperature, while driving at 110 kilometres per hour. It 14 (compare) 11 cars with touchscreens to a single older model with real buttons. In the old car, drivers were able to do all their tasks within about ten seconds, during 15 time the car travelled around 300 metres. Another study, done in 2024 by researchers at SINTEF, a Norwegian contract-research organization, used gaze-tracking cameras to compare 16 drivers were distracted while performing different tasks on a touchscreen. Even the quickest job — changing the temperature — meant three and a half seconds, on average, of not looking at the road. Finding a new radio station took 11 seconds, and putting a new address into the satnav took 16. Safety organizations 17 (begin) to notice. From January new rules from Euro NCAP, an organization that provides safety ratings for cars sold in Europe, will mean no car can get a full five-star score 18 certain crucial functions — indicators, for instance, or the windscreen wipers — are controlled by real switches. Euro NCAP’s safety guidelines have no legal force. But carmakers use its ratings as a selling-point. Car makers who choose to bring back physical buttons may reap other benefits, too. Many drivers dislike touchscreens for reasons 19 safety, finding them difficult and annoying to use. Volkswagen, Hyundai and Porsche, among others, have begun restoring at least some buttons to their new models, 20 (cite) drivers’ dislike of screens. But innovation never stops. 【答案】 11．controlled 12．distracting 13．because/as/since 14．compared 15．which 16．how long 17．are beginning/have begun 18．unless 19．other than/apart from/aside from 20．citing 【导语】本文主要探讨了汽车触摸屏的安全性问题，通过研究数据和监管动态说明了其存在的分心风险，并指出部分车企因应消费者反馈和新的安全评级标准，开始重新回归实体按钮。 【详解】11．考查非谓语动词。句意：即使是像自动车道保持这样的安全功能，有时也由屏幕控制。safety features和control是被动关系，表示“由屏幕控制”，用过去分词controlled，构成复合形容词screen-controlled，作表语。 12．考查形容词。句意：如果在开车时调整智能手机屏幕会让人分心，因此是危险的，那么对汽车屏幕做同样的事情可能也有风险。此空放在系动词is后作表语，修饰事物“操作屏幕这件事”，应用形容词distracting“使人分心的”。 13．考查连词。句意：而且，由于一块屏幕必须承担几十种功能，找到某个特定设置通常意味着要点击好几个子菜单。此空前后为因果逻辑，后半句解释前半句操作麻烦的原因，此空引导原因状语从句，表示“既然；由于”，用连词since/because/as。 14．考查时态。句意：它将11辆带触摸屏的汽车与一辆带实体按钮的老款车型进行了对比。此空为本句谓语动词，结合上句中“In 2022 Vi Bilagare, a Swedish motoring magazine”可知，此句指2022年的研究，动作发生在过去，应用一般过去时，填动词过去式compared。 15．考查定语从句关系词。句意：在老款车里，司机能在约十秒内完成所有任务，在这段时间里汽车行驶了约300米。此空引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是ten seconds，空处位于介词during之后，指代物，在定语从句中作定语修饰time，所以用关系代词which。 16．考查宾语从句连接词。句意：另一项由挪威合同研究机构SINTEF研究人员于2024年开展的研究，利用眼动追踪摄像头比较了驾驶员在触摸屏上执行不同任务时的注意力分散持续时间。此空引导宾语从句，结合下文“Even the quickest job — changing the temperature — meant three and a half seconds, on average, of not looking at the road. Finding a new radio station took 11 seconds, and putting a new address into the satnav took 16.”可知，此处指分心的持续时间有多长，用how long。 17．考查时态。句意：安全组织已经开始注意到这一点/安全组织开始注意到这一点了。此句可以指安全组织已然开始关注该问题，强调动作发生在过去、对现在造成影响，用现在完成时，主语为复数，填have begun；也可表示“渐渐开始”或“正处于开始的过程中”，强调动作的渐进性，用现在进行时态are beginning。 18．考查条件状语从句。句意：欧洲新车安全评鉴协会（Euro NCAP）为在欧洲销售的汽车提供安全评级。从明年1月起，该协会的新规将意味着，除非转向灯、挡风玻璃雨刷器等关键功能由实体按键控制，否则任何汽车都无法获得五星满分评级。此空引导条件状语从句，表示“除非，如果不”，应用连词unless。 19．考查介词短语。句意：许多司机不喜欢触摸屏，除了安全方面的原因外，还因为觉得它们难用且令人烦躁。此处表示“除了出于安全考虑，还有操作体验上的原因”，用other than/apart from/aside from“除……之外（还）”，与名词safety构成介宾结构。 20．考查非谓语动词。句意：大众、保时捷等品牌已开始在新车型上至少恢复部分实体按钮，理由是驾驶员反感触控屏幕操作。已有谓语动词have begun，cite作非谓语动词，主语是“Volkswagen, Hyundai and Porsche”这些车企，和动词cite之间是主动关系，应用现在分词citing表示主动，作伴随状语。 Passage 3 【来源】上海格致中学2025-2026学年高三上学期9月测评英语试题 A simple blood test can reliably detect signs of brain damage in people on the path to 21 (develop) Alzheimer’s disease even before they show signs of confusion and memory loss, a study from Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis and the German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases in Germany 22 (show). The researchers studied more than 400 people participating in the Dominantly Inherited Alzheimer’s Network (DIAN) study, 247 who carry an early-onset genetic variant and 162 of their unaffected relatives 23 (include). Each participant had previously visited a DIAN clinic to give blood, undergo brain scans and complete cognitive tests. Roughly half had been evaluated more than once, typically about two to three years apart. They found that in those with the faulty gene variant, protein levels were higher at baseline and rose over time. In contrast, protein levels were low and largely steady in people with the healthy form of the gene, and this difference was detectable 16 years 24 cognitive symptoms were expected to arise. Moreover, when the researchers took a look at participants’brain scans, they found that the protein levels rose quickly in step with the speed at which the precuneus, a part of the brain involved in memory, 25 (thin). To find out whether blood protein levels 26 be used to predict cognitive decline, the researchers collected data on 39 people with disease-causing variants when they returned to the clinic an average of two years after their last visit, and found that people 27 blood protein levels had previously risen rapidly were most likely to show signs of brain atrophy and diminished cognitive abilities when they revisited the clinic. All kinds of neurological damage can cause the neurofilament light protein 28 (spill) out of neurons and into blood. Protein levels are high in people with Lewy body dementia and Huntington’s disease. “It is important 29 we confirm our findings in late-onset Alzheimer’s disease and define the time period over which neurofilament changes have to be assessed for optimal clinical predictability,” said senior author Mathias Jucker, who leads the DIAN study in Germany. The researchers may one day apply the findings to quickly and inexpensively identify brain damage in people with not just Alzheimer’s disease but other neurodegenerative conditions 30 multiple sclerosis, traumatic brain injury or stroke. 【答案】 21．developing 22．shows 23．included 24．before 25．thinned 26．could 27．whose 28．to spill 29．that 30．like 【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了一项研究表明，通过血液检测可以在人们尚未出现意识混乱和记忆丧失等症状、但正处于可能发展为阿尔茨海默病的阶段时，就可靠地检测出脑损伤的迹象。 【详解】21．考查非谓语动词。句意：圣路易斯华盛顿大学医学院和德国神经退行性疾病中心的一项研究表明，一种简单的血液检测可以在人们出现意识混乱和记忆丧失的迹象之前，可靠地检测出那些正发展为阿尔茨海默病的人的脑损伤迹象。空前为介词to，其后需接动名词作宾语。故填developing。 22．考查动词时态。圣路易斯华盛顿大学医学院和德国神经退行性疾病中心的一项研究表明，一种简单的血液检测可以在人们出现意识混乱和记忆丧失的迹象之前，可靠地检测出那些正发展为阿尔茨海默病的人的脑损伤迹象。本句描述的是这项研究的结果，为客观事实，应用一般现在时；主语a study为单数，谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式。故填shows。 23．考查非谓语动词。句意：研究人员研究了参与显性遗传阿尔茨海默病网络（DIAN）研究的400多人，其中包括247名携带早发基因变异的人以及162名未受影响的亲属。本句已有谓语studied，空处应填非谓语动词；include与其逻辑主语247 who carry an early-onset genetic variant and 162 of their unaffected relatives之间为被动关系，应用过去分词作后置定语。故填included。 24．考查连词。句意：相比之下，携带健康基因形式的人的蛋白质水平较低且基本稳定，而这种差异在认知症状预期出现之前的16年就可以检测到。分析句子结构可知，全句为and连接的并列句，and后到句末为第二并列分句。该分句中空格前后都是完整句子，表明空处需填入连词，用before引导时间状语从句，表示“在……之前”。故填before。 25．考查动词时态。句意：此外，当研究人员查看参与者的脑部扫描时，他们发现蛋白质水平的上升速度与记忆相关的大脑区域楔前叶变薄的速度同步上升。at which到句末为定语从句，空处为定语从句中的谓语动词，描述的是过去发生的变化，应用一般过去时。故填thinned。 26．考查情态动词。句意：为了确定血液中的蛋白质水平是否可以用来预测认知能力下降，研究人员收集了39名携带致病基因变异者的数据，这些人在上次访问后，平均两年的时间返回诊所，结果发现，那些先前血液蛋白质水平迅速上升的人在再次就诊时最有可能显示出脑萎缩和认知能力下降的迹象。空后为be的原形，表明空处需填入情态动词，表示“可以被用来”，且根据本段后文都使用一般过去时描述过去发生的事可知，空处情态动词应用could。故填could。 27．考查定语从句。句意：为了确定血液中的蛋白质水平是否可以用来预测认知能力下降，研究人员收集了39名携带致病基因变异者的数据，这些人在上次访问后，平均两年的时间返回诊所，结果发现，那些先前血液蛋白质水平迅速上升的人在再次就诊时最有可能显示出脑萎缩和认知能力下降的迹象。空处引导定语从句修饰people，且与从句中的blood protein levels构成所属关系，此时应用whose引导定语从句，whose blood protein levels为定语从句中的主语。故填whose。 28．考查非谓语动词。句意：各种神经损伤都可能导致神经丝轻链蛋白从神经元中溢出并进入血液。此处为固定搭配cause sb./sth. to do sth.，表示“导致……做……”，空处需填不定式作宾语补足语。故填to spill。 29．考查主语从句。句意：该研究的资深作者、德国DIAN研究负责人Mathias Jucker表示：“我们必须在迟发性阿尔茨海默病中证实我们的发现，并确定评估神经丝变化以获得最佳临床可预测性的时间段，这一点很重要。”此处为固定句型It is important that...，意为“重要的是……”，it为形式主语，that引导的主语从句为真正的主语。故填that。 30．考查介词。句意：研究人员未来或许可以将这些发现用于快速、平价地识别不仅是患有阿尔茨海默病，还患有多发性硬化症、创伤性脑损伤或中风等其他神经退行性疾病患者的脑损伤迹象。空后内容为对空前名词短语other neurodegenerative conditions的举例，空处需填入介词like，意为“例如，像”。故填like。 1 / 19 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $