2026年中考英语语法——非谓语动词

该初中英语讲义聚焦中考非谓语动词核心考点，系统覆盖动词不定式、动名词、分词的功能用法及易混动词辨析，通过“感知区别-定义解析-功能分类-对比突破”架构构建知识网络，结合考点梳理（如不定式作宾补“五看三使”规则）、方法指导（口诀记忆、形式主/宾语用法）、真题实例（中考常见例句），助力学生突破语法难点。 亮点在于创新采用“口诀+对比表格”教学策略，如“完成练习值得忙”口诀速记动名词搭配，to do/doing对比表格明晰forget/remember等动词差异，培养学生语言能力与思维品质。特设即时应用环节（如make被动语态to还原训练），配合分层理解设计，确保高效复习，帮助学生精准应考，为教师提供清晰复习节奏指导。

初中英语语法——非谓语动词 一、感知：谓语动词与非谓语动词的区别： Tom likes playing chess. My mother asked me to do homework He will help me to do my homework. We are visiting the museum built in the 18th century. （built作后置定语） 二、非谓语动词的定义： 1.不做谓语的动词 2.可做除谓语外的所有成分：主、宾、表、定、状、补足语。 3.构成：to do动词不定式/doing动名词/done过去分词 三、与谓语动词的区别： 谓语动词：有人称、时态、语气和数量的变化；非谓语动词：to do/doing/done 一句话中若已有谓语动词，且无 and/or/but 等并列连词、无从句引导词分隔，其余动词需改为非谓语形式。 e.g. My mother asked me to help with the housework. 四、动词不定式：to do/（to）do 1.定义：to只是符号，本身没有词义。具有名、形副词的特征，可做主、宾、表、宾补、定语和状语【表目的、将来】 2.结构： 肯定: to do/(to) do My mother asked me to do homework. 否定: not to do/ not (to) do My mother asked me not to do homework. 注意：区分两种否定： 陈述句的否定：是完全否定： 助动词don't/doesn't/didn't +do My mother didn't ask me to do my homework 不定式的否定：是部分否定： not to do（多用于宾补的情况） My mother asked me not to play games. 3.功能： （1）作主语：表示一种特定的、具体的动作或行为，多指未发生的动作，作主语时谓语要用单数形式 To talk with him is (be) a great pleasure. 注意：当to do过长时，用it作为形式主语 It is a great pleasure to talk with him. it作形式主语的常见句型： A. It’s+adj.+(for sb.)to do sth.做某事对某人来说...的（当adj.修饰to do结构时，介词用for，常见adj：important，necessary, essential, dangerous, hard, easy, impossible等) B.It’s+adj.+of sb. to do sth. 某人是...的来做...（当adj.修饰sb.，介词用of，常见的adj.: kind, nice, friendly，good， right， wrong， clever， careful， careless， polite， foolish等）（补充：有些adj.如nice, right, wrong, good, wise等既可修饰sb也可修饰to do，介词选用for/of看情况而定） It’s wise of them to turn down the suggestion.他们很明智，拒绝了这个建议。 It’s wise for them to turn down the suggestion.他们拒绝这个建议是明智的。 C.It’s+n.+to do 做...是... D. It takes sb. time to do sth.花费某人...时间做某事 E. It's one's turn to do轮到某人做… F. It seems to do似乎... （2） 作宾语：放在谓语动词后的，v.+to do/v.+do 带to：v.+to do 口诀：想要决定努力学习，开始需要同意计划，希望不要拒绝帮忙 want to do/would like to do decide to do try to do learn to do start/begin to do need to do agree to do plan to do hope/wish to do refuse to do help (to) do offer to do ...... 不带to: V.+do Why not do为什么不做？ had better do最好做 would rather do宁愿做 Can/Could/Would you please do...？你可以...吗？ 注意： 1.在find/believe/consider/think等动词后，常用it作形式宾语： we find to study English well(宾语） difficult（宾补）. We find it（形式宾语） difficult to study English well（真正宾语）. 2.（难点）to do常与what/how/who/where/ when/which词连用构成宾从 I don't know how to do it./ I don’t know what to do. （3） 作宾补：放在宾语后面，对宾语的状态进行补充说明的 带to：V.+sb.+to do want to do would like sb. to do teach sb. to do ask sb. to do allow sb. to do order sb. to do tell sb. to do advise sb. to do encourage sb. to do invite sb. to do persuade sb. to do说服某人去做 expect sb. to do期待某人去做 cause sb. to do导致某人去做 不带to: v.+sb.+do 口诀：五看三使两听一感半帮助 五看：see/watch/look at/notice注意到/observe观察+ sb. do 补充：区分： see：看到，强调看到内容/结果 see a bird/ a movie watch：看，强调看会动的内容，watch TV/a film/a football match） look：看见，强调动作，Look! look at sb./sth. read：阅读，看书、报纸、杂志、文件等 三使： let/make/have +sb. do使某人做，让某人做 (拓展）make 用于被动语态时，to 必须还原。主动：make sb. do被动：sb. be made to do 两听： hear/listen to+ sb. do 一感： feel+sb. do 半帮助：help +sb.（to）do 易混遗漏：使役动词have的两种区分： have sb. do 让某人主动做；have sth. done 让某物被… （4）作表语：放在系动词后，表目的、具体内容等，常常可以与主语互换 My job is to teach you English.→To teach you English is my job. （5）作定语：起形容词作用，修饰名词、代词的，放在被修饰词的后面 The next train to arrive is from Beijing. He was the first to come to the classroom. （6） 作状语：起副词作用 目的状语 to do: To catch the bus, I got up early. I study hard to make my mother happy. in order to do/so as to do为了做... only to do表意外、糟糕的结果 He hurried to the station, only to find the train left. 结果状语： so...as to...如此...以至于... He got up so late as to go to school late. too...to...太...而不能 He is too young to go to school. ...enough to do足够...来做... He is old enough to go to school. 原因状语：be glad to do 做...开心 I am glad to enjoy my summer holiday. (7) 作独立成分：To begin with=To start with首先, to be honest=to be frank=honestly=to tell you the truth说实话，老实说 五、动名词：doing 1.定义：由动原+ing构成的，具有名词、动词特性，在句子中起到名词作用的，可作为主语、宾语、表语、定语四大成分的非谓语形式。 2.结构： 肯定：doing Would you mind me smoking? 否定：not doing Would you mind not smoking? 3.功能： （1）作为主语：表示一种静态化的行为，类似于名词（to do结构倾向于“将要去做”，一般情况下to do和doing可互换），作为主语时，谓语动词用单数。 To swim is my plan. Swimming is my plan. 注意：当主语过长时，可用it作为形式主语，常见句型： 1）It's no use/good/fun/worth+doing：做...是...的 2）It's useless/nice/worthwhile+doing：做...是无用的/好的/有价值的 3）It's a waste of time doing：做...是浪费时间的 （2）作宾语：1）V.+doing 2） prep.+doing 口诀：完成练习值得忙，继续习惯别放弃。考虑建议不禁想，喜欢思念别介意。 finish/complete doing go on/keep doing继续做 advise doing practise doing be/get used to doing 习惯做 be worth doing值得做 give up doing be busy doing忙于做 consider doing考虑做 can't help doing情不自禁做 feel like doing想要做 like/love/enjoy doing miss doing想念做 mind doing介意做 介词+doing：in/on/at/for/with/without/against... 介词短语+doing: instead of+doing而不是做...keep on doing继续做have difficulty/problem/trouble/hard time+（in）/+doing做某事有困难be busy in doing 人+spend money/time （in） doing花费时间/金钱做某事，put off doing推迟做set about=get down to doing 开始/着手做... 含有介词to的短语：Look forward to doing期待做 pay attention to doing集中注意力于做 in addition to doing除做.之外be used to doing习惯做，devote oneself to doing投身于，致力于做，be opposed to doing=object to doing反对做 动词短语：have fun/a good time doing 做...愉快的/开心的，愉快地做..., can't help doing情不自禁做，can't stand doing无法忍受做 （3）作表语：放系动词后，表示主语的内容，表示经常性、一般性，可与主语互换。 My job is teaching English.（动名词，表工作内容是教英语）——Teaching English is my job. I am teaching English.（现在分词，表进行时） （4）作定语：起形容词的作用，表用途、功能，放在被修饰词的前面：swimming pool, washing machine, reading room，drinking water可饮用的水，meeting room会议室.... （5）作为独立成分：Generally speaking通常来说，Frankly/Honestly speaking老实说，说实话 6、 分词 现在分词：doing表进行和主动 过去分词：done表完成和被动 1.定义：具有动词特性，具有形副词的功能，可帮助构成时态、语态，可做定、表、补、状语 e.g. The rising sun is very beautiful. I never eat the burnt bread. 注意：分词和普通形容词的区别： 分词：由动作构成，doing表主动进行，done表被动 普通形容词：不含动作。clever，handsome 2.结构： （1）现在分词： 肯定：doing 否定：not doing （2）过去分词 肯定：done 否定：not done 3.用法&功能： （1）作表语：放系动词后，当做adj.，现在分词：表主语的性质和状态，且主语多为事物（-ing修饰物）；过去分词：表主语的感受，主语多为人（-ed修饰人） e.g. His job is very interesting. He feels very excited. （2）作定语：修饰名词、代词，单个分词放在被修饰词的前面，如果是分词短语放在后面 e.g. The woman sleeping on the sofa(后置定语） is my mother. 区分：现分：主语主动发出，表主语的状态；过分：被动承受 He is the boy called Tom. （4） 作宾补：放在宾语的后面，有三种形式：动原，现分，过分 动原：V.+sb.+do（口诀：五看三使两听一感半帮助） 现分：口诀：五看两听一使一感加四 （后均+sb.+doing） 五看: see/look at/watch/notice/observe 两听：hear/listen to 一使：have 一感：feel 加四: find/catch/keep/leave 过分：v.+sb.+done （口诀：五看三使两听一感加四） make/let/have+sb.+done e.g. I want to have my hair cut. I want to have my car repaired. （5）作状语：表原因、时间、条件、因果、让步、方式和伴随等 原因状语：Seriously injured （injure），he had to go to the hospital. 时间状语： Arriving (arrive) in Nanjing, I lost my way. 七、后接to do/doing意思不同的动词（初中常考） 1.forget/remember/regret to do忘记/记得/遗憾要去做（未做） 1.forget/remember/regret doing忘记/记得/后悔做过某事（做过） 2.go on/continue to do继续去做（改做另一件事） 2. go on/continue doing继续做（同一件事） 3.try to do努力去做，设法去做 3. try doing尝试着做 4.stop to do停下（正在做的事）去做另一件事 4.stop doing停止正在做的事 5.mean to do打算去做 5.mean doing意味着做 6.need to do需要去做 6.need doing需要被做=need to be done（主动表被动）（主语为物时使用：The bike needs repairing. 7.require sb. to do 要求某人做某事 7.require doing需要被做（主语为物）=require to be done（主动表被动） 8.want to do想要去做 8.want doing想要被做=want to be done（主动表被动） 9.deserve to do值得做 9.deserve to be done某事值得被做 10.can't help（to ）do不能帮忙做 10.can't help doing情不自禁做 11.see/watch/hear+sb.+do：表观察到一个动作从头到尾的全过程 11.see/watch/hear+sb.+doing表示观察到了动作的一部分（瞬间） 12.learn to do学会做（强调学习结果） 12.learn doing学某课程或学科 13.be used to do被用来作 13.be used to doing习惯做（拓展：used to do sth.过去常常做某事 第 1 页 共 5 页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $