内容正文:
衔接点12 连词(小初考点差异及衔接)
小学视角
初中展望
1. 能了解连词的概念,理解连词的作用。
2. 掌握常见连词的含义和用法。
3. 掌握连词的使用注意事项和要点。
4. 能在简单的语境中正确地使用连词表意。
1. 系统掌握连词的分类,理解并列连词和从属连词的区别。
2. 理解各类并列连词所连接成分之间的关系以及各连词的具体用法。
3. 掌握连词连接的主语和谓语之间的主谓一致情况。
4. 理解各从属连词的用法。
5. 能在较复杂的语境和语篇中正确地使用各连词进行表意。
衔接引导
小学阶段:
1.小学阶段的教学侧重点在于帮助和引导学生:
· 了解连词的概念,作用;
· 掌握常见连词的含义、用法和要点。
2. 小学阶段的试题设置和难度分析。
· 难度:从简单到适中。
· 考查内容:主要考查小学常见几个连词的用法辨析和要点等。
· 题型:以词句题型为主,语篇考查得较少,题型有:
①单项选择题 ②填空题 ③完成句子题④改错题等
初中阶段:
1. 初中阶段的教学侧重点在于帮助和引导学生:
· 系统掌握连词的分类以及各类连词的具体用法。
· 理解并列连词和从属连词的区别,理解连接成分之间的关系。
· 掌握连词连接主语时的主谓一致情况。
2. 初中阶段的试题设置和难度分析。
· 难度:较小学阶段有显著提高。
· 考查内容:要求学生在语境中综合判断运用,涉及各类连词的使用、主谓一致等。
· 题型:除词句题型外,语篇题型明显增加,题型有:
①单项选择 ②填空题 ③选词填空/短文填空 ④完成句子等
小学连词考点梳理
考点一、连词的概念和常见连词的意义
1. 连词的概念:连词是虚词,不能单独作句子成分,只起连接词与词、短语与短语、句子与句子的作用。
小学阶段掌握下面几个最常见的连词。
分类
意义
例句
and
和
I like apples and bananas.我喜欢苹果和香蕉。(and连接两个名词)
but
但
She is tall but her brother is short.她很高但她哥哥很矮。(but连接两个句子)
or
或者
You can come today or tomorrow.你可以今天来或者明天来。(or连接两个时间副词)
so
因此
I was tired, so I went to bed early.我累了,所以早早就睡了。(so连接两个句子)
because
因为
I was late because I missed the bus.我迟到了,因为我错过了公交车。(because说明迟到的原因)
即学即练
一、单项选择。
1. I can sing _______ dance.
A. and B. but C. or
二、完成句子。
2. I like reading. I like writing.(用and合并句子)
_______________________________________
考点二、连词and的用法
and表示并列关系,意为“和、又”,用来连接两个或两个以上的单词、短语或句子。
📌 使用要点:and连接两个并列成分时,前后的词性要一致。
连接三个或三个以上的并列成分时,and放在最后一个之前。
典例:I have a cat and a dog.(我有一只猫和一只狗。——连接两个名词)
She is tall and beautiful.(她又高又漂亮。——连接两个形容词)
My sister and I study in the same school.(我和我妹妹在同一所学校上学。——连接两个并列主语)
I like apples, bananas and oranges.(我喜欢苹果、香蕉和橘子。——三个并列,and放最后)
即学即练
一、用适当的连词填空。
1. I have a pen ______ a pencil in my pencil-box.
2. We can sing, dance ______ play games at the party.
二、完成句子。
3. 努力学习,你就会取得好成绩。
Work hard, ______ you will get good grades.
考点三、连词but的用法
but表示转折关系,意为“但是”,连接的成分意思往往相反或相对。
📌 使用要点:but前后两部分在意思上形成对比或转折。
典例:She is small but strong.(她个子小但是很强壮。——small和strong形成对比)
He went to bed, but he couldn't fall asleep.(他去睡觉了,但是睡不着。——前后转折)
I like apples, but I don't like pears.(我喜欢苹果,但是不喜欢梨。——转折关系)
即学即练
一、单项选择题。
1. He is very young, ______ he knows a lot about science.
A. and B. but C. or D. so
二、选词填空
2. I like math ______ (but /and)English. They are my favorite subjects.
3. I like math ______ (but /and)I don't like physics. It's too difficult.
考点四、连词or的用法
or表示选择关系,意为“或者”,可用于肯定句、疑问句中表选择;否定句中常用 or 替代 and 连接并列成分。
📌 使用要点:在肯定句和疑问句中可表示选择。
例:You can come here today or tomorrow.你可以今天来或者明天来。(肯定句中的选择)
Which do you like better, tea or coffee?你更喜欢哪一个,茶还是咖啡?(疑问句中的选择)
I can't speak French or Japanese.我不会说法语和日语。(否定句中用or连接并列成分)
即学即练
一、单项选择题。
1. —Which do you like better, tea ______ coffee?
—Tea, please.
A. and B. but C. or D. so
2. I don't like singing ______ dancing.
A. and B. or C. but D. so
二、用适当的连词填空。
3. Hurry up, ______ you will miss the early bus.
考点五、连词so的用法
so表示因果关系,意为“所以、因此”,连接两个具有因果关系的简单句。
📌 使用要点:so连接的两个句子,前句是因后句是果。so和because不能同时使用。
典例:The girl is very kind, so we all like her.这个女孩非常友善,所以我们都喜欢她。(前因后果)
He was ill, so he didn't go to school.他病了,所以没去上学。(前因后果)
即学即练
一、单项选择题。
1. It was raining heavily, ______ we stayed at home all day.
A. because B. so C. but D. or
二、选词填空。
2. I was very tired, ______(so /because)I went to bed early last night.
3. I went to bed early last night ______(so /because)I was very tired.
三、完成句子。
4. 他生病了,所以没去上班。
He was ill, ______ he didn't go to work.
考点六、连词because的用法
because表示原因,意为“因为”,用于说明事情发生的原因。
📌 使用要点:because引导的句子表示原因,回答Why的提问。
注意:because和so不能同时使用。
典例:She didn't go to school because she was ill.她没去上学,因为她病了。
—Why are you crying? 你为什么哭?
— Because I lost my toy.因为我把玩具弄丢了。
即学即练
一、单项选择题。
1.—______ are you late for school?
—______ I missed the early bus.
A. Why; So B. What; Because C. Why; Because D. How; So
二、用 because 或 so 填空。
2. He didn't pass the exam ______ he didn't study hard.
三、句型转换。
3. He was very hungry, so he ate all the food.(改为同义句)
He ate all the food ______ he was very hungry.
易混易错和解决策略
错误点
针对策略
and与or混淆
口诀:“肯定用and,否定疑问就用or”。
but与and混淆
口诀:“and表并列,but表转折;前后意思相反用but,相近/补充用and”。
so与because混用
口诀:“因为所以不连用,because和so二选一;because表原因,so表结果,二者只能留一个。”
or表示“否则”时的误用
记住要点:祈使句+and=“那么”;祈使句+or=“否则”
【基础通关】
一、单项选择题。
1.(25-26六年级下·江苏南京·期中)He made a video of space, ________ lots of people watched it. ( )
A.but B.and C.or
2.(25-26六年级下·江苏扬州·单元测试)The baby can ______ talk ______ walk. ( )
A.not; and B.not; or C.no; or
3.(24-25三年级下·江苏淮安·期末)They are big _________ strong. ( )
A.but B.and C.or
4.(2025·江苏·小升初模拟题)In the past, the TV shows were black and white, __________ now they are colorful. ( )
A.so B.or C.but
5.(25-26五年级下·江苏镇江·期末)—__________ T-shirt do you like, the blue one __________ the white one? ( )
—The white one.
A.What; and B.Which; or C.Whose; but
6.—Have you got a knife and fork ______ chopsticks? ( )
—I’ve got a knife and fork, ______ chopsticks.
A.and; and B.and; or C.or; and
7.—Why are you wearing a coat? ( )
—_____ it’s going to rain soon.
A.Because B.But C.So
8.People cut down too many trees, ________ many animals lose their homes. ( )
A.because B.so C.but
9.Robin likes winter. ______ he can play in the snow and make a snowman. ( )
A.But B.Begin C.Because
10.Amy lives in China, _________ she is not Chinese. ( )
A.but B.and C.so
二、选词填空。
11.(25-26四年级下·江苏泰州·期中)We do exercise (but / because) we can be strong.
12.(24-25三年级下·江苏连云港·期末)The panda is black (and / but) white.
13.She couldn’t read (or / and) write.
14.The Spring Festival is in January (and / or) February.
15.(25-26四年级下·江苏·课后作业)I’m good at singing ______ (and / or) drawing.
16.(25-26四年级上·江苏淮安·期末)I can’t play well. (But / Because) I can try.
17.Red (and / too) blue make purple.
18.I like summer best, (because / so)I like swimming.
19.In summer, it’s hot, (because / so)we can eat ice creams.
三、改错题(选出错误的选项,并将正确答案填写在横线上)。
20.My (A) bedroom is (B) big or (C) bright. ( ) ______
21.Robots don’t (A) eat and (B) sleep, and they will (C) never feel tired. ( )___________
22.I like (A) snow, and (B) I don’t (C) like winter. ( ) _______
23.—Why do (A) you like spring?
—But (B) I can go for an (C) outing. ( ) _____
24.I like reading (A)books, because (B) I don’t (C) like novel. ( ) _______
25.What (A) kind of soup would you like(B) , chicken soup and (C) vegetable soup? ( ) ______
【培优提升】
一、根据提示完成句子。
26.(24-25三年级上·江苏·单元测试)I have some books. (但是) I don’t have a box.
27.(24-25四年级上·江苏南通·期末)My brother is 12 years old. He (会跳和游泳).
28.(24-25五年级下·江苏·随堂练习)I didn’t go to school yesterday (因为) I had a bad cold.
29.(25-26五年级上·江苏南通·期中)Can your friend (弹钢琴或踢足球)?
30.(25-26五年级上·江苏苏州·期末)I have a parrot. But it . (不会说话和唱歌).
二、看图片写单词完成句子。
31.—Why do you like summer? — I can go swimming.
32.The swimsuit should be too big too small.
33.You like s .B I like .
34.I like .
35.—Which one do you want? The black one (还是) the white one?
—I want the one.
初中连词考点梳理
初中阶段对连词的考查除了小学阶段的知识和考点外,在以下几个方面进行了扩展和深化:
考点一、连词的分类。
1. 根据连词的句法功能,连词可分为并列连词和从属连词两类。
类别
功能
例词
并列连词
并列或递进关系
and, both...and..., not only...but also..., neither...nor... ,as well as
转折关系
but, yet, while
选择关系
either...or..., or , otherwise
因果关系
for, so
引导从句的连词
连接名词性从句(如宾语从句)
that, whether, if, when, where, what, which等
连接状语从句
since, until, when, while, as, as soon as, if, even if, unless, as long as, because等
典例示范
一、单项选择题。
1. I bought a new shirt ______ a pair of shoes yesterday.
A. and B. but C. or D. so
【答案】A
【详解】句意:我昨天买了一件新衬衫和一双鞋。本题考查并列连词 and,连接两个并列的名词短语,表并列关系。
即学即练
一、判断下列连词是并列连词还是从属连词。
1. though ____________
2. both...and... ____________
3. while(表对比) ____________
4. until ____________
考点二、表并列、顺承或递进关系的并列连词的用法
连词
说明
例句
and
意为“和、并且、然后”,表示一种对等、顺承关系。
在结构“祈使句 + and + 陈述句”中,表示“做……,就会……”。
I got up and washed my face.我起床然后洗脸。(动作先后顺承)
He is tall and strong.他又高又壮。(属性并列)
Work hard, and you will pass the exam.努力学习,你就会通过考试。
both...and...
意为“……和……都”,连接两个并列主语时,谓语要用复数。
Both you and I are right.你和我都对。(谓语用复数)
Mary can both sing and dance.玛丽既会唱歌,又会跳舞。
not only...
but also...
意为“不仅……而且……”,表递进关系,连接两个并列主语时,谓语遵循“就近原则”
Not only you but also he is wrong.不仅你,他也错了。(谓语动词靠近 he,用is)
She can speak not only English but also French.她不仅会英语还会法语。
neither...nor...
意为“既不……也不……”,连接两个对等成分,表两者全否,连接两个并列主语时,谓语遵循“就近原则”。
He neither wrote nor telephoned.他既没写信,也没有打电话。
Neither Tom nor Jerry is here.汤姆不在,杰瑞也不在。(两人全否)
as well as
意为“和……一样;也;连同”,连接主语时,谓语遵循“就前原则”。
He likes English as well as math.他喜欢数学,也喜欢英语。
She as well as her classmates is going.她和她的同学们都要去。(谓语动词取决于as well as前面的主语)
典例示范
一、单项选择题。
1. Both my father and my mother ______ doctors.
A. is B. are C. am D. be
【答案】B
【详解】句意:我爸爸和我妈妈都是医生。本题考查 both...and... 的主谓一致。both...and... 连接两个并列主语时,谓语动词用复数形式。
2. Not only Tom but also his parents ______ interested in painting.
A. is B. are C. was D. be
【答案】B
【详解】句意:不仅汤姆,他的父母也对绘画感兴趣。本题考查 not only...but also... 的主谓一致。该结构连接主语时,谓语遵循 “就近原则”,靠近谓语的 his parents 是复数,故用 are。
即学即练
一、单项选择题
1. Neither he nor I ______ wrong.
A. is B. are C. am D. be
二、完成句子
2. 他和他的朋友都喜欢打篮球。
______ he ______ his friend like playing basketball.
考点三、表转折关系的并列连词的用法
连词
说明
例句
but
意为“但是”。前后句存在反差、转折。
though / although 和but不能一起使用
He is poor, but he is happy.他穷但快乐。
Although he is poor, but he is happy.(错误)
yet
意为“然而”,语气比 but 稍书面,常和 and 搭配(and yet)
It's strange, yet true. 这很奇怪却是真的。
He worked hard, yet he failed.他工作努力,可是他失败了。
while
意为“而、却”,表对比关系,连接两个对等分句,前后各说一件事,形成“并存对比”。
I like tea, while he likes coffee.我喜欢茶,而他喜欢咖啡。
(两件事并存对比)
She is quite friendly, while her sister is rather cold.她很友好,而她姐挺冷淡。
典例示范
一、单项选择题。
1. I like pop music, ______ my brother likes classical music.
A. when B. while C. because D. if
【答案】B
【详解】句意:我喜欢流行音乐,而我哥哥喜欢古典音乐。本题考查 while 表对比的用法。while 连接两个并列分句,表示两者之间的并存对比,意为 “而,却”。
二、选词填空。
2. She is short ______ (but /while/yet)strong.
3. I like reading, ______ (but /while/yet)my sister likes watching TV.
4. The plan sounds strange, ______(but /while/yet) it works well.
【答案】2. but 3. while 4. yet
【详解】2. 句意:她个子矮但是很强壮。前后形容词形成转折对比,用 but。
3. 句意:我喜欢读书,而我妹妹喜欢看电视。两者爱好形成并存对比,用 while。
4. 句意:这个计划听起来奇怪,却很有效。yet 表转折,略带出乎意料的语气。
即学即练
一、单项选择题
1. He worked very hard, ______ he failed the exam again.
A. yet B. and C. so D. or
二、改错题。
2. Although it was raining hard, but they still went out.
错误:____________ 改正:____________
考点四、表选择关系的并列连词的用法
连词
说明
例句
or
意为“或者”,表选择。
否定句里要用 or替代and连接并列的成分
意为“否则,不然的话”。用在结构“祈使句 + or + 陈述句”中
Tea or coffee? 茶还是咖啡?
I don't like apples or bananas.我不喜欢苹果和香蕉。
Hurry up, or you'll be late.快点,不然你迟到。
Study hard, or you won't pass.用功,不然你考不过。
either...or...
意为“要么……要么……”,连接两个并列主语时,谓语遵循“就近原则”。
Either you or he is right.要么你对要么他对。(谓语动词靠近 he,用is)
You can have either tea or coffee.茶咖啡二选一。
otherwise
意为“否则,不然”,连接两个分句,表“如果不……就会……”。
Hurry up, otherwise you'll miss the bus.快点,不然你赶不上公交。
典例示范
一、单项选择题。
1. Either you or your sister ______ the room every day.
A. clean B. cleans C. cleaning D. to clean
【答案】B
【详解】句意:要么你要么你妹妹每天打扫房间。本题考查 either...or... 的主谓一致。该结构连接主语时遵循就近原则,靠近谓语的 your sister 是第三人称单数,谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。
2. Put on your coat, ______ you will catch a cold.
A. and B. but C. or D. so
【答案】C
【详解】句意:穿上外套,不然你会感冒的。本题考查 or 表 “否则” 的用法。“祈使句 + or + 陈述句” 表示 “做某事,否则会……”。
即学即练
一、完成句子。
1. 要么你去,要么我去。
______ you ______ I am going there.
二、选词填空。
2. Study hard, ______ (otherwise /and) you will fail the exam.
考点五、表因果关系的并列连词的用法
连词
说明
例句
so
意为“所以”,表结果,连接两个独立句。
because 和 so 不能一起使用
It rained, so we stayed at home.下雨了,所以我们待家。
Because it rained, so we stayed.(错误)
for
意为“因为”,表补充说明性原因,语气比 because 弱很多
He must be ill, for he is absent today.他肯定病了,因为他今天没来。
典例示范
一、单项选择题。
1. He must be at home, ______ the light in his room is on.
A. because B. for C. so D. but
【答案】B
【详解】句意:他肯定在家,因为他房间的灯亮着。本题考查 for 表补充说明原因的用法。for 是并列连词,补充说明推断的理由,语气比 because 弱。
即学即练
一、选词填空。
1. It was too late, ______(so /for/because)we decided to go home.
2. He didn't go to school ______(so /for/because)he was seriously ill.
3. The ground is wet, ______(so /for/because)it rained last night.
二、改错题。
4. Because he was hungry, so he ate three hamburgers.
错误:____________ 改正:____________
考点六、从属连词的用法
从属连词用于主从复合句中连接主句和从句,内容较多,本节简要了解
类别
功能
例句
引导宾语从句的从属连词
that、whether、if、when、what等
Joe said that he would come.乔说过他要来。
Ask her if she will come with me.请问她是否愿意跟我一起来。
He asked whether they needed some more tea.他问他们是否还需要茶。
引导状语从句的从属连词
when、while、until、as soon as、if、unless、because、though、 although、so...that等
I was reading when he came in.他进来时我正在看书。
He didn't go to bed until his mom came.他直到妈妈回来才睡。
If it rains tomorrow, we will stay at home.明天若下雨我们就待家。
He didn't go because he was ill.他没去因为他病了。
Though he is young, he knows a lot.他虽年轻但懂得多。
典例示范
一、单项选择题
1. I don't know ______ he will come tomorrow.
A. that B. if C. what D. where
【答案】B
【详解】句意:我不知道他明天是否会来。本题考查从属连词 if 引导宾语从句。if 意为 “是否”,引导宾语从句,符合语境。
2. I will call you ______ I get to Beijing.
A. as soon as B. but C. so D. or
【答案】A
【详解】句意:我一到北京就给你打电话。本题考查从属连词 as soon as 引导时间状语从句,意为 “一…… 就……”。
即学即练
一、选词填空。
when、if、though、because
1. He was reading a book ______ I came in.
2. ______ it rains tomorrow, we will put off the sports meeting.
3. ______ he is only 8, he knows a lot about history.
易混易错和解决策略
错误点
针对策略
though/although与but连用
虽然但是不连用,though和but二选一;although/though表让步,but表转折,二者只能留一个。
复合并列连词就近原则错误
记典型:“either...or, neither...nor, not only...but also——看就近主语
both...and——用复数
复合并列连词就前原则错误
记典型:as well as看前面主语。
until的否定/肯定用法混淆
口诀:“until用于延续性动词(wait/ sleep),表示“到…为止”肯定式;用于短暂性动词(leave/ start),表示“直到…才”否定式。”
because与because of混淆
because + 句子(接原因状语从句);because of + 名词/代词(接名词短语)。
【基础通关】
一、单项选择题。
1.(25-26五年级上·江苏苏州·期末)—Can you play basketball ________ football?
—I can play football.
A.and B.but C.so D.or
2.(25-26六年级上·江苏南通·期末)You must clean your room, ________ it will be in a big mess.
A.but B.so C.or
3.(25-26七年级上·江苏泰州·期末)There is no air on the Moon, ________ there is no sound there.
A.because B.so C.but D.and
4.(25-26七年级上·江苏扬州·阶段测)________ you ________ I are in Class Two.
A.Both; and B.All; and C.Both; with
5.(25-26七年级上·江苏镇江·单元测试)—Why do you like biology?
—________ it’s interesting, ________ the teacher is really nice.
A.Because; so B.Because of; but C.Because; and D.Because of; and
6.(25-26七年级上·江苏无锡·阶段测试)The environment, including your education, your experiences ________ people around you, can change your personality.
A.as long as B.as well as C.as soon as D.as far as
7.(25-26七年级下·江苏无锡·课后作业)She is very famous in both music and movies. She is ________ a singer ________ an actress.
A.both; or B.not only; but also C.either; or D.neither; nor
8.You can’t have them both. You can choose ________ the bike ________ the toy car.
A.neither; nor B.both; and C.not only; but also D.either; or
9.________ I have lots of work to do today, ________ I can’t go to play with you.
A.Because; so B.Because; and C./; so D.So; /
10.Do you know ________ the film will begin?
A.that B.where C.when D.if
二、根据汉语提示填空题。
11.(25-26七年级下·江苏无锡·单元测试)We should __________ protect the environment __________ save energy. (不仅……而且……)
12.(25-26七年级下·江苏扬州·阶段检测)Is there a pen ________ (或者) a pencil on the book?
13.Wear your coat, ________ (否则) you might catch a cold.
14.There is plenty of water ______ ______ ______ (还有) some dry land on the surface of the earth.
15.(25-26五年级上·江苏苏州·期末)Maths is difficult, ________ she likes it very much. (连词)
16.Tom studies very hard, ________ (因此) he always gets good grades in exams.
17.The pyramids in Egypt are very old, ________ (然而) they remain incredibly strong.
18.Jane ________ (和) I are in the same class.
19.Neither do I know the twin sisters, ________ (也不) has Jim played such exciting games before.
20.—Can Eric play football ________ (或者) basketball?
—He can play basketball.
【培优提升】
一、完成句子。
21.(25-26七年级下·江苏苏州·阶段测试)She is kind. She is helpful too. (合并为一句)
She is ________ ________ kind ________ ________ helpful.
22.(25-26七年级上·江苏南京·单元测试)You can play basketball. You can play volleyball. (合并句子)
__________________________________________
23.The game / was / exciting, / but / it / was / also / tiring (连词成句)
_______________________________________
24.You / can / read books, / or / watch / you / can / TV(连词成句)
_______________________________________.
25.Walking is good exercise, so I want to walk to school.(用because改写句子)
I want to walk to school ________ walking is good exercise.
二、选词填空。
用方框中所给单词填空,使短文完整正确。(每个单词限用一次,每空限填一个单词)
which and but because who
My name is Mia. I come from Canada, 26 I live in China now. I am in Grade Seven. This year, I have three new subjects—geography, history and biology. My favourite subject is geography. We have it on Wednesdays and Fridays. Why do I like it best? That’s 27 it helps me know more about other countries. Our teacher always shares some pictures of other countries with us.
Look at the girl in a green dress. 28 is she? She is my sister Laura. 29 subject does she like? She likes music 30 she wants to be a singer (歌手). Her music teacher is kind and always helps her.
三、短文填空。
根据短文内容, 用and, but 或because补全短文。
Michael is a boy from the US. His favourite subject is Chinese. Why does he like the subject? 31 he likes China very much. He wants to know something about the history of China, 32 it’s difficult for him now. He has a Chinese friend called Zhang Li. The girl often helps him with his Chinese.
Michael does well at school. He has seven lessons every day, four in the morning 33 three in the afternoon. He likes maths and science very much, 34 his PE isn’t very good. He doesn’t like doing sports. He is busy from Monday to Friday. 35 on Saturday and Sunday, he is free. So, what does he do? He always reads books after breakfast. And he watches TV with his mother for two hours in the evening.
学科网(北京)股份有限公司
学科网(北京)股份有限公司
$衔接点12 连词(小初考点差异及衔接)
小学视角
初中展望
1. 能了解连词的概念,理解连词的作用。
2. 掌握常见连词的含义和用法。
3. 掌握连词的使用注意事项和要点。
4. 能在简单的语境中正确地使用连词表意。
1. 系统掌握连词的分类,理解并列连词和从属连词的区别。
2. 理解各类并列连词所连接成分之间的关系以及各连词的具体用法。
3. 掌握连词连接的主语和谓语之间的主谓一致情况。
4. 理解各从属连词的用法。
5. 能在较复杂的语境和语篇中正确地使用各连词进行表意。
衔接引导
小学阶段:
1.小学阶段的教学侧重点在于帮助和引导学生:
· 了解连词的概念,作用;
· 掌握常见连词的含义、用法和要点。
2. 小学阶段的试题设置和难度分析。
· 难度:从简单到适中。
· 考查内容:主要考查小学常见几个连词的用法辨析和要点等。
· 题型:以词句题型为主,语篇考查得较少,题型有:
①单项选择题 ②填空题 ③完成句子题④改错题等
初中阶段:
1. 初中阶段的教学侧重点在于帮助和引导学生:
· 系统掌握连词的分类以及各类连词的具体用法。
· 理解并列连词和从属连词的区别,理解连接成分之间的关系。
· 掌握连词连接主语时的主谓一致情况。
2. 初中阶段的试题设置和难度分析。
· 难度:较小学阶段有显著提高。
· 考查内容:要求学生在语境中综合判断运用,涉及各类连词的使用、主谓一致等。
· 题型:除词句题型外,语篇题型明显增加,题型有:
①单项选择 ②填空题 ③选词填空/短文填空 ④完成句子等
小学连词考点梳理
考点一、连词的概念和常见连词的意义
1. 连词的概念:连词是虚词,不能单独作句子成分,只起连接词与词、短语与短语、句子与句子的作用。
小学阶段掌握下面几个最常见的连词。
分类
意义
例句
and
和
I like apples and bananas.我喜欢苹果和香蕉。(and连接两个名词)
but
但
She is tall but her brother is short.她很高但她哥哥很矮。(but连接两个句子)
or
或者
You can come today or tomorrow.你可以今天来或者明天来。(or连接两个时间副词)
so
因此
I was tired, so I went to bed early.我累了,所以早早就睡了。(so连接两个句子)
because
因为
I was late because I missed the bus.我迟到了,因为我错过了公交车。(because说明迟到的原因)
即学即练
一、单项选择。
1. I can sing _______ dance.
A. and B. but C. or
【答案】A
【解析】句意:我会唱歌和跳舞。sing和dance是并列关系,用and连接。
二、完成句子。
2. I like reading. I like writing.(用and合并句子)
_______________________________________
【答案】I like reading and writing.
【解析】两个句子合并为一个句子,用and连接两个并列的动名词。
考点二、连词and的用法
and表示并列关系,意为“和、又”,用来连接两个或两个以上的单词、短语或句子。
📌 使用要点:and连接两个并列成分时,前后的词性要一致。
连接三个或三个以上的并列成分时,and放在最后一个之前。
典例:I have a cat and a dog.(我有一只猫和一只狗。——连接两个名词)
She is tall and beautiful.(她又高又漂亮。——连接两个形容词)
My sister and I study in the same school.(我和我妹妹在同一所学校上学。——连接两个并列主语)
I like apples, bananas and oranges.(我喜欢苹果、香蕉和橘子。——三个并列,and放最后)
即学即练
一、用适当的连词填空。
1. I have a pen ______ a pencil in my pencil-box.
【答案】and
【详解】句意:我的铅笔盒里有一支钢笔和一支铅笔。本题考查连词 and 的基本用法。and 表示并列关系,连接两个并列的名词,意为 “和”。
2. We can sing, dance ______ play games at the party.
【答案】and
【详解】句意:我们可以在派对上唱歌、跳舞和玩游戏。本题考查 and 连接多个并列成分的用法。三个及以上并列成分时,and 放在最后一个之前,连接并列的动词短语。
二、完成句子。
3. 努力学习,你就会取得好成绩。
Work hard, ______ you will get good grades.
【答案】and
【详解】句意:努力学习,你就会取得好成绩。本题考查 “祈使句 + and + 陈述句” 结构,表示顺承关系,意为 “做…… 就会……”。
考点三、连词but的用法
but表示转折关系,意为“但是”,连接的成分意思往往相反或相对。
📌 使用要点:but前后两部分在意思上形成对比或转折。
典例:She is small but strong.(她个子小但是很强壮。——small和strong形成对比)
He went to bed, but he couldn't fall asleep.(他去睡觉了,但是睡不着。——前后转折)
I like apples, but I don't like pears.(我喜欢苹果,但是不喜欢梨。——转折关系)
即学即练
一、单项选择题。
1. He is very young, ______ he knows a lot about science.
A. and B. but C. or D. so
【答案】B
【详解】句意:他很年轻,但是懂得很多科学知识。本题考查连词 but 的用法。前后分句意思相反,构成转折关系,but 意为 “但是”,符合语境。
二、选词填空
2. I like math ______ (but /and)English. They are my favorite subjects.
3. I like math ______ (but /and)I don't like physics. It's too difficult.
【答案】2. and 3. but
【详解】2. 句意:我喜欢数学和英语,它们是我最喜欢的科目。前后为并列关系,用 and 连接。
3. 句意:我喜欢数学,但是不喜欢物理,它太难了。前后为转折关系,用 but 连接。
考点四、连词or的用法
or表示选择关系,意为“或者”,可用于肯定句、疑问句中表选择;否定句中常用 or 替代 and 连接并列成分。
📌 使用要点:在肯定句和疑问句中可表示选择。
例:You can come here today or tomorrow.你可以今天来或者明天来。(肯定句中的选择)
Which do you like better, tea or coffee?你更喜欢哪一个,茶还是咖啡?(疑问句中的选择)
I can't speak French or Japanese.我不会说法语和日语。(否定句中用or连接并列成分)
即学即练
一、单项选择题。
1. —Which do you like better, tea ______ coffee?
—Tea, please.
A. and B. but C. or D. so
【答案】C
【详解】句意:—— 你更喜欢哪个,茶还是咖啡?—— 茶。本题考查 or 在疑问句中表选择的用法。or 意为 “或者”,用于选择疑问句中提供选项。
2. I don't like singing ______ dancing.
A. and B. or C. but D. so
【答案】B
【详解】句意:我不喜欢唱歌和跳舞。本题考查 or 在否定句中的用法。否定句中连接并列成分要用 or,不用 and。
二、用适当的连词填空。
3. Hurry up, ______ you will miss the early bus.
【答案】or
【详解】句意:快点,不然你会错过早班车的。本题考查 “祈使句 + or + 陈述句” 结构,or 意为 “否则,不然”,引出不好的结果。
考点五、连词so的用法
so表示因果关系,意为“所以、因此”,连接两个具有因果关系的简单句。
📌 使用要点:so连接的两个句子,前句是因后句是果。so和because不能同时使用。
典例:The girl is very kind, so we all like her.这个女孩非常友善,所以我们都喜欢她。(前因后果)
He was ill, so he didn't go to school.他病了,所以没去上学。(前因后果)
即学即练
一、单项选择题。
1. It was raining heavily, ______ we stayed at home all day.
A. because B. so C. but D. or
【答案】B
【详解】句意:雨下得很大,所以我们一整天都待在家里。本题考查连词 so 的用法。前半句是原因,后半句是结果,so 表示 “所以”,连接因果关系。
二、选词填空。
2. I was very tired, ______(so /because)I went to bed early last night.
3. I went to bed early last night ______(so /because)I was very tired.
【答案】2. so 3. because
【详解】2. 句意:我很累,所以昨晚睡得很早。前因后果,用 so 连接结果。
3. 句意:我昨晚睡得很早,因为我很累。后半句说明原因,用 because 引导。
三、完成句子。
4. 他生病了,所以没去上班。
He was ill, ______ he didn't go to work.
【答案】so
【详解】句意:他生病了,所以没去上班。本题考查 so 表因果关系的用法,前句是因,后句是果。
考点六、连词because的用法
because表示原因,意为“因为”,用于说明事情发生的原因。
📌 使用要点:because引导的句子表示原因,回答Why的提问。
注意:because和so不能同时使用。
典例:She didn't go to school because she was ill.她没去上学,因为她病了。
—Why are you crying? 你为什么哭?
— Because I lost my toy.因为我把玩具弄丢了。
即学即练
一、单项选择题。
1.—______ are you late for school?
—______ I missed the early bus.
A. Why; So B. What; Because C. Why; Because D. How; So
【答案】C
【详解】句意:—— 你为什么上学迟到了?—— 因为我错过了早班车。本题考查 because 的用法。why 提问原因,回答要用 because。
二、用 because 或 so 填空。
2. He didn't pass the exam ______ he didn't study hard.
【答案】because
【详解】句意:他没通过考试,因为他学习不努力。本题考查 because 引导原因状语从句,后半句说明没通过考试的直接原因。
三、句型转换。
3. He was very hungry, so he ate all the food.(改为同义句)
He ate all the food ______ he was very hungry.
【答案】because
【详解】句意:他吃光了所有食物,因为他很饿。本题考查 so 和 because 的转换。原句前因后果用 so,同义句前果后因用 because。
易混易错和解决策略
错误点
针对策略
and与or混淆
口诀:“肯定用and,否定疑问就用or”。
but与and混淆
口诀:“and表并列,but表转折;前后意思相反用but,相近/补充用and”。
so与because混用
口诀:“因为所以不连用,because和so二选一;because表原因,so表结果,二者只能留一个。”
or表示“否则”时的误用
记住要点:祈使句+and=“那么”;祈使句+or=“否则”
【基础通关】
一、单项选择题。
1.(25-26六年级下·江苏南京·期中)He made a video of space, ________ lots of people watched it. ( )
A.but B.and C.or
【答案】B
【详解】句意:他制作了一段太空视频,_____很多人观看了它。but但是,and并且,or或者。两句都是肯定句,and表并列。
2.(25-26六年级下·江苏扬州·单元测试)The baby can ______ talk ______ walk. ( )
A.not; and B.not; or C.no; or
【答案】B
【详解】句意:这个婴儿既不会说话也不会走路。can的否定形式是can not;句子是否定句,并列成分用or连接。
3.(24-25三年级下·江苏淮安·期末)They are big _________ strong. ( )
A.but B.and C.or
【答案】B
【详解】句意:它们又大又强壮。big和strong是两个并列的形容词,本句为肯定句,表并列关系需要用and连接。
4.(2025·江苏·小升初模拟题)In the past, the TV shows were black and white, __________ now they are colorful. ( )
A.so B.or C.but
【答案】C
【详解】句意:在过去,电视节目是黑白的,_____现在它们是彩色的。so所以,or或者,but但是。根据句意可知,该句表转折。
5.(25-26五年级下·江苏镇江·期末)—__________ T-shirt do you like, the blue one __________ the white one? ( )
—The white one.
A.What; and B.Which; or C.Whose; but
【答案】B
【详解】句意:—你喜欢_____T恤衫,蓝色的这件_____白色的这件?—白色的这件。What什么,Which哪一件,Whose谁的,由句意可知,第一空使用疑问词Which进行选择提问;and和,表并列,or或者/还是,表选择,but但是,表转折,问句是选择疑问句,第二空用or。
6.—Have you got a knife and fork ______ chopsticks? ( )
—I’ve got a knife and fork, ______ chopsticks.
A.and; and B.and; or C.or; and
【答案】C
【详解】句意:—你有刀叉还是筷子?—我有刀叉,还有筷子。本题考查表并列关系和表选择关系的连词。第一空是选择疑问句,选择疑问句用or;第二空是陈述句,用and表示并列,故选C。
7.—Why are you wearing a coat? ( )
—_____ it’s going to rain soon.
A.Because B.But C.So
【答案】A
【详解】句意:—你为什么穿外套?—_____很快就要下雨了。Because因为;But但是;So所以。问句是Why引导的特殊疑问句,询问原因,答语要用表因果关系的连词because回答。
8.People cut down too many trees, ________ many animals lose their homes. ( )
A.because B.so C.but
【答案】B
【详解】句意:人们砍伐了太多树木,_____许多动物失去了家园。根据前半句陈述原因,后半句是该原因引发的结果,可知需要填入表示结果的连词,so符合要求。
9.Robin likes winter. ______ he can play in the snow and make a snowman. ( )
A.But B.Begin C.Because
【答案】C
【详解】句意:罗宾喜欢冬天。_______他可以在雪地里玩耍、堆雪人。But但是,连词;Begin开始,动词;Because因为,连词;根据语境可知,后一句是前一句的原因,所以要用表示原因的连词,Because符合。
10.Amy lives in China, _________ she is not Chinese. ( )
A.but B.and C.so
【答案】A
【详解】句意:艾米住在中国,但她不是中国人。前后两个分句为转折关系,but表示转折。
二、选词填空。
11.(25-26四年级下·江苏泰州·期中)We do exercise (but / because) we can be strong.
【答案】because
【详解】句意:我们锻炼_____我们可以强壮。but但是,because因为,前后是因果关系,用because。
12.(24-25三年级下·江苏连云港·期末)The panda is black (and / but) white.
【答案】and
【详解】句意:这只熊猫是黑色_____白色的。and和,表示并列关系,but但是,表转折关系。根据句意可知,应用连词and。
13.She couldn’t read (or / and) write.
【答案】or
【详解】句意:她既不会读也不会写。or放在否定句中的连接词。
14.The Spring Festival is in January (and / or) February.
【答案】or
【详解】句意:春节在一月__________二月。根据句意和所给单词,可知表选择用or。
15.(25-26四年级下·江苏·课后作业)I’m good at singing ______ (and / or) drawing.
【答案】and
【详解】句意:我擅长唱歌和画画。and用于肯定句中连接并列成分,表示“和”;or用于否定句和疑问句中连接并列成分,表示“或者”。此句是肯定句,所以用and。
16.(25-26四年级上·江苏淮安·期末)I can’t play well. (But / Because) I can try.
【答案】But
【详解】句意:我玩得不好。但是我可以试一试。本题考查连词用法,But但是,Because因为,根据句意可知是转折关系,横线处应填写But。
17.Red (and / too) blue make purple.
【答案】and
【详解】句意:红色_____蓝色混合成紫色。本题考查表并列关系的连词。and和(连词,表示并列),too也(副词,常用于句末)。此处连接两个名词red和blue,需用并列连词and,故答案为and。
18.I like summer best, (because / so)I like swimming.
【答案】because
【详解】句意:我最喜欢夏季,因为我喜欢游泳。因为because,符合句意。
19.In summer, it’s hot, (because / so)we can eat ice creams.
【答案】so
【详解】句意:在夏天,天气很热,所以我们可以吃冰淇淋。所以so,符合句意。
三、改错题(选出错误的选项,并将正确答案填写在横线上)。
20.My (A) bedroom is (B) big or (C) bright. ( ) ______
【答案】 C and
【详解】句意:我的卧室是大的和明亮的。句子是肯定句,big和bright是并列关系,用并列连词and连接。
21.Robots don’t (A) eat and (B) sleep, and they will (C) never feel tired. ( )___________
【答案】 B or
【详解】句意:机器人不吃不睡,也永远不会感到疲倦。本题考查连词。and和,用于肯定句;否定句中将and改为or,故答案为B,or。
22.I like (A) snow, and (B) I don’t (C) like winter. ( ) _______
【答案】 B but
【详解】句意:我喜欢雪,但我不喜欢冬天。本题考查转折连词。and和,表并列,前后是转折关系,用转折连词but连接,故答案为B,but。
23.—Why do (A) you like spring?
—But (B) I can go for an (C) outing. ( ) _____
【答案】 B Because
【详解】句意:—你为什么喜欢春天?—但是我可以去郊游。本题考查从属连词,回答Why引导的特殊疑问句,要用Because,意思是因为,所以B部分错误,应该改为Because,故答案为B;Because。
24.I like reading (A)books, because (B) I don’t (C) like novel. ( ) _______
【答案】 B but
【详解】句意:我喜欢读书,但是我不喜欢小说。前后两个句子的关系是“转折关系”,应该用but来连接。故答案为:B;but。
25.What (A) kind of soup would you like(B) , chicken soup and (C) vegetable soup? ( ) ______
【答案】 C or
【详解】句意:你喜欢哪种汤,鸡汤还是蔬菜汤?此处的chicken soup 和vegetable soup之间是“选择关系”,应该用or,故答案为:C;or。
【培优提升】
一、根据提示完成句子。
26.(24-25三年级上·江苏·单元测试)I have some books. (但是) I don’t have a box.
【答案】But
【详解】句意:我有一些书,但我没有箱子。本题考查转折连词。但是but,转折连词,表示转折,故答案为But。
27.(24-25四年级上·江苏南通·期末)My brother is 12 years old. He (会跳和游泳).
【答案】can jump and swim
【详解】句意:我哥哥/弟弟12岁。他会跳和游泳。本题考查情态动词,动词的形式和并列连词。会can,跳jump,游泳swim,和and,can后跟动词原形,故答案为can jump and swim。
28.(24-25五年级下·江苏·随堂练习)I didn’t go to school yesterday (因为) I had a bad cold.
【答案】because
【详解】句意:我昨天没去上学,因为我得了重感冒。本题考查从属连词,因为because,故答案为because。
29.(25-26五年级上·江苏南通·期中)Can your friend (弹钢琴或踢足球)?
【答案】play the piano or play football
【详解】本题考查动词短语和动词的形式。弹钢琴play the piano,踢足球play football,情态动词后用动词原形,句子是疑问句,两个短语要用or连接,故答案为play the piano or play football。
30.(25-26五年级上·江苏苏州·期末)I have a parrot. But it . (不会说话和唱歌).
【答案】can’t talk or sing songs
【详解】句意:我有一只鹦鹉。但是它不会说话和唱歌。本题考查情态动词,动词原形和表示并列关系的连词。不会can’t,情态动词,后面跟动词原形,说话talk,唱歌sing songs,句子是否定句,用or连接,故答案为can’t talk or sing songs。
二、看图片写单词完成句子。
31.—Why do you like summer? — I can go swimming.
【答案】Because
【详解】—为什么你喜欢夏天? —________我可以去游泳。问句是Why引导的特殊疑问句,答句要回答原因,根据句意和图片可知,该空填Because因为。
32.The swimsuit should be too big too small.
【答案】 not or
【详解】句意:泳衣不应该太大或太小。本题考查否定句和并列连词。根据句意可知泳衣不应该太大或太小,should not不应该,句子是否定句,并列关系用or连接,故答案为not,or。
33.You like s .B I like .
【答案】 science But English
【详解】句意:你喜欢科学。但是我喜欢英语。本题考查不可数名词和表示转折关系的连词。根据图片和首字母可知第一个空是科学science;根据句意和首字母可知第二个空是But但是,表示转折;根据图片可知第三个空是英语English。science和English是不可数名词, 故答案为science,But,English。
34.I like .
【答案】 fruit and vegetables
【详解】句意:我喜欢蔬菜和水果。根据所给图片可知本题考查不可数名词水果fruit,可数名词蔬菜vegetable,以及连词and,fruit不可数名词用原形。vegetable可数名词用复数,故答案为fruit;and;vegetables。
35.—Which one do you want? The black one (还是) the white one?
—I want the one.
【答案】 or black
【详解】句意:—你想要哪一个?黑色的还是白色的?—我想要黑色的。本题考查并列连词及形容词辨析,还是or,根据图片可知,杯子是黑色的,黑色的black,故答案为or;black。
初中连词考点梳理
初中阶段对连词的考查除了小学阶段的知识和考点外,在以下几个方面进行了扩展和深化:
考点一、连词的分类。
1. 根据连词的句法功能,连词可分为并列连词和从属连词两类。
类别
功能
例词
并列连词
并列或递进关系
and, both...and..., not only...but also..., neither...nor... ,as well as
转折关系
but, yet, while
选择关系
either...or..., or , otherwise
因果关系
for, so
引导从句的连词
连接名词性从句(如宾语从句)
that, whether, if, when, where, what, which等
连接状语从句
since, until, when, while, as, as soon as, if, even if, unless, as long as, because等
典例示范
一、单项选择题。
1. I bought a new shirt ______ a pair of shoes yesterday.
A. and B. but C. or D. so
【答案】A
【详解】句意:我昨天买了一件新衬衫和一双鞋。本题考查并列连词 and,连接两个并列的名词短语,表并列关系。
即学即练
一、判断下列连词是并列连词还是从属连词。
1. though ____________
2. both...and... ____________
3. while(表对比) ____________
4. until ____________
【答案】1. 从属连词 2. 并列连词 3. 并列连词 4. 从属连词
【详解】though 引导让步状语从句,属于从属连词。
both...and... 连接并列对等成分,属于并列连词。
while 表对比时连接两个并列分句,属于并列连词。
until 引导时间状语从句,属于从属连词。
考点二、表并列、顺承或递进关系的并列连词的用法
连词
说明
例句
and
意为“和、并且、然后”,表示一种对等、顺承关系。
在结构“祈使句 + and + 陈述句”中,表示“做……,就会……”。
I got up and washed my face.我起床然后洗脸。(动作先后顺承)
He is tall and strong.他又高又壮。(属性并列)
Work hard, and you will pass the exam.努力学习,你就会通过考试。
both...and...
意为“……和……都”,连接两个并列主语时,谓语要用复数。
Both you and I are right.你和我都对。(谓语用复数)
Mary can both sing and dance.玛丽既会唱歌,又会跳舞。
not only...
but also...
意为“不仅……而且……”,表递进关系,连接两个并列主语时,谓语遵循“就近原则”
Not only you but also he is wrong.不仅你,他也错了。(谓语动词靠近 he,用is)
She can speak not only English but also French.她不仅会英语还会法语。
neither...nor...
意为“既不……也不……”,连接两个对等成分,表两者全否,连接两个并列主语时,谓语遵循“就近原则”。
He neither wrote nor telephoned.他既没写信,也没有打电话。
Neither Tom nor Jerry is here.汤姆不在,杰瑞也不在。(两人全否)
as well as
意为“和……一样;也;连同”,连接主语时,谓语遵循“就前原则”。
He likes English as well as math.他喜欢数学,也喜欢英语。
She as well as her classmates is going.她和她的同学们都要去。(谓语动词取决于as well as前面的主语)
典例示范
一、单项选择题。
1. Both my father and my mother ______ doctors.
A. is B. are C. am D. be
【答案】B
【详解】句意:我爸爸和我妈妈都是医生。本题考查 both...and... 的主谓一致。both...and... 连接两个并列主语时,谓语动词用复数形式。
2. Not only Tom but also his parents ______ interested in painting.
A. is B. are C. was D. be
【答案】B
【详解】句意:不仅汤姆,他的父母也对绘画感兴趣。本题考查 not only...but also... 的主谓一致。该结构连接主语时,谓语遵循 “就近原则”,靠近谓语的 his parents 是复数,故用 are。
即学即练
一、单项选择题
1. Neither he nor I ______ wrong.
A. is B. are C. am D. be
【答案】C
【详解】句意:他和我都没错。本题考查 neither...nor... 的主谓一致。该结构连接主语时遵循就近原则,靠近谓语的 I 对应 am。
二、完成句子
2. 他和他的朋友都喜欢打篮球。
______ he ______ his friend like playing basketball.
【答案】Both; and
【详解】句意:他和他的朋友都喜欢打篮球。本题考查 both...and... 的用法,意为 “…… 和…… 都”,连接两个主语时谓语用复数。
考点三、表转折关系的并列连词的用法
连词
说明
例句
but
意为“但是”。前后句存在反差、转折。
though / although 和but不能一起使用
He is poor, but he is happy.他穷但快乐。
Although he is poor, but he is happy.(错误)
yet
意为“然而”,语气比 but 稍书面,常和 and 搭配(and yet)
It's strange, yet true. 这很奇怪却是真的。
He worked hard, yet he failed.他工作努力,可是他失败了。
while
意为“而、却”,表对比关系,连接两个对等分句,前后各说一件事,形成“并存对比”。
I like tea, while he likes coffee.我喜欢茶,而他喜欢咖啡。
(两件事并存对比)
She is quite friendly, while her sister is rather cold.她很友好,而她姐挺冷淡。
典例示范
一、单项选择题。
1. I like pop music, ______ my brother likes classical music.
A. when B. while C. because D. if
【答案】B
【详解】句意:我喜欢流行音乐,而我哥哥喜欢古典音乐。本题考查 while 表对比的用法。while 连接两个并列分句,表示两者之间的并存对比,意为 “而,却”。
二、选词填空。
2. She is short ______ (but /while/yet)strong.
3. I like reading, ______ (but /while/yet)my sister likes watching TV.
4. The plan sounds strange, ______(but /while/yet) it works well.
【答案】2. but 3. while 4. yet
【详解】2. 句意:她个子矮但是很强壮。前后形容词形成转折对比,用 but。
3. 句意:我喜欢读书,而我妹妹喜欢看电视。两者爱好形成并存对比,用 while。
4. 句意:这个计划听起来奇怪,却很有效。yet 表转折,略带出乎意料的语气。
即学即练
一、单项选择题
1. He worked very hard, ______ he failed the exam again.
A. yet B. and C. so D. or
【答案】A
【详解】句意:他学习很努力,然而考试又没及格。本题考查 yet 的用法。yet 表转折,意为 “然而,可是”,语气比 but 稍正式,符合语境。
二、改错题。
2. Although it was raining hard, but they still went out.
错误:____________ 改正:____________
【答案】but;去掉 but(或去掉 Although)
【详解】句意:虽然雨下得很大,但他们还是出去了。although 和 but 不能连用,保留一个即可。
考点四、表选择关系的并列连词的用法
连词
说明
例句
or
意为“或者”,表选择。
否定句里要用 or替代and连接并列的成分
意为“否则,不然的话”。用在结构“祈使句 + or + 陈述句”中
Tea or coffee? 茶还是咖啡?
I don't like apples or bananas.我不喜欢苹果和香蕉。
Hurry up, or you'll be late.快点,不然你迟到。
Study hard, or you won't pass.用功,不然你考不过。
either...or...
意为“要么……要么……”,连接两个并列主语时,谓语遵循“就近原则”。
Either you or he is right.要么你对要么他对。(谓语动词靠近 he,用is)
You can have either tea or coffee.茶咖啡二选一。
otherwise
意为“否则,不然”,连接两个分句,表“如果不……就会……”。
Hurry up, otherwise you'll miss the bus.快点,不然你赶不上公交。
典例示范
一、单项选择题。
1. Either you or your sister ______ the room every day.
A. clean B. cleans C. cleaning D. to clean
【答案】B
【详解】句意:要么你要么你妹妹每天打扫房间。本题考查 either...or... 的主谓一致。该结构连接主语时遵循就近原则,靠近谓语的 your sister 是第三人称单数,谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。
2. Put on your coat, ______ you will catch a cold.
A. and B. but C. or D. so
【答案】C
【详解】句意:穿上外套,不然你会感冒的。本题考查 or 表 “否则” 的用法。“祈使句 + or + 陈述句” 表示 “做某事,否则会……”。
即学即练
一、完成句子。
1. 要么你去,要么我去。
______ you ______ I am going there.
【答案】Either; or
【详解】句意:要么你去,要么我去。本题考查 either...or... 的用法,意为 “要么…… 要么……”,连接两个主语时谓语遵循就近原则。
二、选词填空。
2. Study hard, ______ (otherwise /and) you will fail the exam.
【答案】otherwise
【详解】句意:努力学习,否则你考试会不及格。otherwise 意为 “否则,不然”,连接两个分句,引出否定结果。
考点五、表因果关系的并列连词的用法
连词
说明
例句
so
意为“所以”,表结果,连接两个独立句。
because 和 so 不能一起使用
It rained, so we stayed at home.下雨了,所以我们待家。
Because it rained, so we stayed.(错误)
for
意为“因为”,表补充说明性原因,语气比 because 弱很多
He must be ill, for he is absent today.他肯定病了,因为他今天没来。
典例示范
一、单项选择题。
1. He must be at home, ______ the light in his room is on.
A. because B. for C. so D. but
【答案】B
【详解】句意:他肯定在家,因为他房间的灯亮着。本题考查 for 表补充说明原因的用法。for 是并列连词,补充说明推断的理由,语气比 because 弱。
即学即练
一、选词填空。
1. It was too late, ______(so /for/because)we decided to go home.
2. He didn't go to school ______(so /for/because)he was seriously ill.
3. The ground is wet, ______(so /for/because)it rained last night.
【答案】1. so 2. because 3. for
【详解】 1. 句意:天太晚了,所以我们决定回家。前因后果,用 so 连接结果。
2. 句意:他没去上学,因为他病得很重。because 引导直接原因,语气最强。
3. 句意:地面是湿的,因为昨晚下雨了。for 补充说明推断地面湿的理由,是补充性原因。
二、改错题。
4. Because he was hungry, so he ate three hamburgers.
错误:____________ 改正:____________
【答案】so;去掉 so(或去掉 Because)
【详解】句意:因为他饿了,所以吃了三个汉堡。because 和 so 不能同时出现在一个句子中,二者删去其一。
考点六、从属连词的用法
从属连词用于主从复合句中连接主句和从句,内容较多,本节简要了解
类别
功能
例句
引导宾语从句的从属连词
that、whether、if、when、what等
Joe said that he would come.乔说过他要来。
Ask her if she will come with me.请问她是否愿意跟我一起来。
He asked whether they needed some more tea.他问他们是否还需要茶。
引导状语从句的从属连词
when、while、until、as soon as、if、unless、because、though、 although、so...that等
I was reading when he came in.他进来时我正在看书。
He didn't go to bed until his mom came.他直到妈妈回来才睡。
If it rains tomorrow, we will stay at home.明天若下雨我们就待家。
He didn't go because he was ill.他没去因为他病了。
Though he is young, he knows a lot.他虽年轻但懂得多。
典例示范
一、单项选择题
1. I don't know ______ he will come tomorrow.
A. that B. if C. what D. where
【答案】B
【详解】句意:我不知道他明天是否会来。本题考查从属连词 if 引导宾语从句。if 意为 “是否”,引导宾语从句,符合语境。
2. I will call you ______ I get to Beijing.
A. as soon as B. but C. so D. or
【答案】A
【详解】句意:我一到北京就给你打电话。本题考查从属连词 as soon as 引导时间状语从句,意为 “一…… 就……”。
即学即练
一、选词填空。
when、if、though、because
1. He was reading a book ______ I came in.
2. ______ it rains tomorrow, we will put off the sports meeting.
3. ______ he is only 8, he knows a lot about history.
【答案】1. when 2. If 3. Though
【详解】1. 句意:我进来的时候他正在看书。when 引导时间状语从句,意为 “当…… 的时候”。
2. 句意:如果明天下雨,我们就推迟运动会。if 引导条件状语从句,意为 “如果”。
3. 句意:虽然他只有八岁,但他懂很多历史知识。though 引导让步状语从句,意为 “虽然”。
易混易错和解决策略
错误点
针对策略
though/although与but连用
虽然但是不连用,though和but二选一;although/though表让步,but表转折,二者只能留一个。
复合并列连词就近原则错误
记典型:“either...or, neither...nor, not only...but also——看就近主语
both...and——用复数
复合并列连词就前原则错误
记典型:as well as看前面主语。
until的否定/肯定用法混淆
口诀:“until用于延续性动词(wait/ sleep),表示“到…为止”肯定式;用于短暂性动词(leave/ start),表示“直到…才”否定式。”
because与because of混淆
because + 句子(接原因状语从句);because of + 名词/代词(接名词短语)。
【基础通关】
一、单项选择题。
1.(25-26五年级上·江苏苏州·期末)—Can you play basketball ________ football?
—I can play football.
A.and B.but C.so D.or
【答案】D
【详解】句意:——你会打篮球还是足球?——我会踢足球。
and和;but但是;so所以;or或者,还是。根据对话语境可知,问句是在篮球和足球之间进行选择,疑问句中表示选择关系应用or。
2.(25-26六年级上·江苏南通·期末)You must clean your room, ________ it will be in a big mess.
A.but B.so C.or
【答案】C
【详解】句意:你必须打扫房间,否则会很乱。
but但是;so所以;or否则。根据句意,此处表示否定结果,or“否则”符合题意。
3.(25-26七年级上·江苏泰州·期末)There is no air on the Moon, ________ there is no sound there.
A.because B.so C.but D.and
【答案】B
【详解】句意:月球上没有空气,所以那里没有声音。
because因为;so所以;but但是;and和。根据句意可知,前句“no air on the Moon”是原因,后句“no sound there”是结果,前后构成因果关系,且结果在后,应用表示结果的连词so。
4.(25-26七年级上·江苏扬州·阶段测)________ you ________ I are in Class Two.
A.Both; and B.All; and C.Both; with
【答案】A
【详解】句意:你和我都在二班。
Both; and……和……都,两者都;All; and搭配错误,all表示“三者或三者以上都”;Both; with搭配错误。根据“you”和“I”表示两个人,考查固定搭配both...and...,意为“……和……都”。应填Both; and。
5.(25-26七年级上·江苏镇江·单元测试)—Why do you like biology?
—________ it’s interesting, ________ the teacher is really nice.
A.Because; so B.Because of; but C.Because; and D.Because of; and
【答案】C
【详解】句意:——你为什么喜欢生物学?——因为它很有趣,而且老师真的很好。
Because因为,后接句子;Because of因为,后接名词/名词短语;so所以;and而且;but但是。根据“Why do you like biology?”可知,问句是询问原因,it’s interesting表示“它很有趣”,是一个句子,应用Because;“it’s interesting...the teacher is really nice.”是两个并列的理由,应用and连接。C选项正确。
6.(25-26七年级上·江苏无锡·阶段测试)The environment, including your education, your experiences ________ people around you, can change your personality.
A.as long as B.as well as C.as soon as D.as far as
【答案】B
【详解】句意:环境,包括你的教育、你的经历以及你周围的人,可以改变你的性格。
as long as只要(引导条件状语从句);as well as以及、也、和(用作连词连接并列成分);as soon as一……就……(引导时间状语从句);as far as至于、就……而言(常用于引导限制范围的短语或从句)。根据句中“including your education, your experiences…people around you”可知,此处介词including后面接了并列的词组作其宾语。为连接“your experiences”和“people around you”这两个并列部分,应填表示并列关系的“as well as”,意为“以及”。
7.(25-26七年级下·江苏无锡·课后作业)She is very famous in both music and movies. She is ________ a singer ________ an actress.
A.both; or B.not only; but also C.either; or D.neither; nor
【答案】B
【详解】句意:她在音乐和电影方面都很出名。她不仅是一名歌手,而且是一名女演员。
both和and搭配,不和or搭配,A项搭配错误;not only…but also…不仅……而且……;either…or…或者……或者……;neither…nor…既不……也不……。根据“She is very famous in both music and movies”可知,此处not only…but also…符合语境。
8.You can’t have them both. You can choose ________ the bike ________ the toy car.
A.neither; nor B.both; and C.not only; but also D.either; or
【答案】D
【详解】句意:你不能同时拥有它们两个。你可以要么选择自行车,要么选择玩具汽车。
考查连词辨析。neither…nor…既不……也不……;both…and…两者都……;not only…but also…不仅……而且……;either…or…要么……要么……。根据“You can’t have them both”可知,不能同时拥有两者,因此只能选择一个,而“either...or...”表示“二者选其一”的逻辑关系。故选D。
9.________ I have lots of work to do today, ________ I can’t go to play with you.
A.Because; so B.Because; and C./; so D.So; /
【答案】C
【详解】句意:我今天有很多工作要做,所以不能和你出去玩。
Because因为;so所以;and和。because与so不能连用,前半句直接表述原因,后半句用so引出结果,应填/; so。
10.Do you know ________ the film will begin?
A.that B.where C.when D.if
【答案】C
【详解】句意:你知道电影将在什么时候开始吗?
that那;where哪里;when什么时候;if 是否。根据“the film will begin”可知此处询问电影开始的时间,应该用when引导宾语从句。
二、根据汉语提示填空题。
11.(25-26七年级下·江苏无锡·单元测试)We should __________ protect the environment __________ save energy. (不仅……而且……)
【答案】 not only but also
【详解】句意:我们不仅应该保护环境,而且应该节约能源。not only...but also...为连词短语,意为“不仅……而且……”,用于连接两个并列的谓语部分。
12.(25-26七年级下·江苏扬州·阶段检测)Is there a pen ________ (或者) a pencil on the book?
【答案】or
【详解】句意:书上有一支钢笔还是一支铅笔?根据汉语提示,此处应填入连词or,表示“或者、还是”。
13.Wear your coat, ________ (否则) you might catch a cold.
【答案】otherwise
【详解】句意:穿上外套,否则你可能会感冒。否则:otherwise,连词连接两个句子。故填otherwise。
14.There is plenty of water ______ ______ ______ (还有) some dry land on the surface of the earth.
【答案】 as well as
【详解】句意:地球表面有大量的水,还有一些干地。根据汉语提示可知,此处表示“还有”用短语as well as。故填as well as。
15.(25-26五年级上·江苏苏州·期末)Maths is difficult, ________ she likes it very much. (连词)
【答案】but
【详解】句意:数学很难,但她很喜欢。前后两句是转折关系,but符合句意,故填but。
16.Tom studies very hard, ________ (因此) he always gets good grades in exams.
【答案】so
【详解】句意:汤姆学习非常努力,因此他总是在考试中取得好成绩。分析句子“Tom studies very hard,…he always gets good grades in exams.”结合中文提示可知,前后句子构成因果关系,前因后果,此处应填入so,并列连词,表因果关系。故填so。
17.The pyramids in Egypt are very old, ________ (然而) they remain incredibly strong.
【答案】yet/but
【详解】句意:埃及的金字塔十分古老,然而它们依然异常坚固。根据句意和括号内的汉语提示可知,此处考查yet/but“然而”,连词,直接连接两个完整分句,无需任何标点,既契合“古老”与“坚固”的逻辑对立,又符合题干的标点要求;而however作转折副词时,必须用逗号与前后分句分隔,而题干无对应标点,因此不适用。故填but/yet。
18.Jane ________ (和) I are in the same class.
【答案】and
【详解】句意:简和我在同一个班。根据汉语提示可知,and“和”,连词。故填and。
19.Neither do I know the twin sisters, ________ (也不) has Jim played such exciting games before.
【答案】nor
【详解】句意:我既不认识这对双胞胎姐妹,也不知道吉姆以前玩过这么刺激的游戏。根据“neither the twin sisters”可知,“也不”用nor,构成neither…nor…“既不……也不……”的结构。故填nor。
20.—Can Eric play football ________ (或者) basketball?
—He can play basketball.
【答案】or
【详解】句意:——Eric会踢足球或打篮球吗?——他会打篮球。or“或者”,连词,表示选择关系。故填or。
【培优提升】
一、完成句子。
21.(25-26七年级下·江苏苏州·阶段测试)She is kind. She is helpful too. (合并为一句)
She is ________ ________ kind ________ ________ helpful.
【答案】 not only but also
【详解】句意:她很善良。她也很乐于助人。表示两种优秀品质兼具,且有递进意味。可用固定搭配not only…but also… “不仅……而且……”连接两个并列的形容词kind和helpful。所以填not;only;but;also。
22.(25-26七年级上·江苏南京·单元测试)You can play basketball. You can play volleyball. (合并句子)
__________________________________________
【答案】You can play basketball and volleyball.
【详解】句意:你可以打篮球。你可以打排球。两个简单句主语和谓语部分相同,都是“You can play”,只是宾语不同,分别是“basketball”和“volleyball”。合并时保留共同的主语和谓语部分,用连词and连接两个并列的宾语。
23.The game / was / exciting, / but / it / was / also / tiring (连词成句)
_______________________________________
【答案】The game was exciting, but it was also tiring.
【详解】根据单词提示可知,此处想要表达的是“这场比赛很刺激,但也让人疲惫。” 本句是由but连接的并列转折句,前半句The game作主语,was为系动词,exciting作表语;but是转折连词,连接两个分句;后半句it代 the game作主语,was为系动词,also放在系动词后、形容词tiring前作表语修饰词。故填The game was exciting, but it was also tiring.
24.You / can / read books, / or / watch / you / can / TV(连词成句)
_______________________________________.
【答案】You can read books, or you can watch TV
【详解】根据所给标点可知应用并列陈述句的形式,句子为一般现在时。分析所给单词,前半句You作主语,can read作谓语,books作宾语;or是并列连词,连接两个分句;后半句you作主语,can watch作谓语,TV作宾语。故填You can read books, or you can watch TV.
25.Walking is good exercise, so I want to walk to school.(用because改写句子)
I want to walk to school ________ walking is good exercise.
【答案】because
【详解】句意:步行是很好的锻炼方式,所以我想步行去上学。要求用because改写,because意为“因为”,用于引导原因状语从句。改写后的句子将结果(I want to walk to school)放在前面,后面接原因(walking is good exercise)。连接“结果”与“原因”且后接完整句子的连词是because。
二、选词填空。
用方框中所给单词填空,使短文完整正确。(每个单词限用一次,每空限填一个单词)
which and but because who
My name is Mia. I come from Canada, 26 I live in China now. I am in Grade Seven. This year, I have three new subjects—geography, history and biology. My favourite subject is geography. We have it on Wednesdays and Fridays. Why do I like it best? That’s 27 it helps me know more about other countries. Our teacher always shares some pictures of other countries with us.
Look at the girl in a green dress. 28 is she? She is my sister Laura. 29 subject does she like? She likes music 30 she wants to be a singer (歌手). Her music teacher is kind and always helps her.
【答案】26.but 27.because 28.Who 29.Which 30.and
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了Mia和妹妹Laura喜欢的科目及原因。
【详解】26.句意:我来自加拿大,但是我现在住在中国。分析句子成分可知空处缺少连词。根据空前“I come from Canada”和空后“I live in China now”可知,前后分句之间存在逻辑上的转折关系。故填but。
27.句意:那是因为它帮助我了解其他国家。分析句子成分可知空处缺少连词。根据上文“Why do I like it best? That’s”和空后“it helps me know more about other countries”可知这里表原因。故填because。
28.句意:她是谁?根据下文“She is my sister Laura.”及备选词汇可知,此处表示她是谁。故填Who。
29.句意:她喜欢哪个科目?根据空后“subject does she like”及下文“She likes music”可知,此处表示她喜欢哪一门学科。故填Which。
30.句意:她喜欢音乐,并且想成为一名歌手。根据空前“She likes music”及空后“She wants to be a singer(歌手)”可知前后分句之间存在顺承关系,应用连词and。故填and。
三、短文填空。
根据短文内容, 用and, but 或because补全短文。
Michael is a boy from the US. His favourite subject is Chinese. Why does he like the subject? 31 he likes China very much. He wants to know something about the history of China, 32 it’s difficult for him now. He has a Chinese friend called Zhang Li. The girl often helps him with his Chinese.
Michael does well at school. He has seven lessons every day, four in the morning 33 three in the afternoon. He likes maths and science very much, 34 his PE isn’t very good. He doesn’t like doing sports. He is busy from Monday to Friday. 35 on Saturday and Sunday, he is free. So, what does he do? He always reads books after breakfast. And he watches TV with his mother for two hours in the evening.
【答案】31.Because 32.but 33.and 34.but 35.But
【导语】本文是迈克尔的个人信息。
【详解】31.句意:因为他非常喜欢中国。根据“Why does he like the subject?”可知,回答原因,because符合,首字母大写,故填Because。
32.句意:他想了解一些关于中国的历史,但现在对他来说很难。根据“it’s difficult for him now”可知,前后转折,but符合句意,故填but。
33.句意:他每天上七节课,上午四节课,下午三节课。根据“four in the morning”可知,前后并列关系,and符合句意,故填and。
34.句意:他非常喜欢数学和科学,但他的体育成绩不太好。根据“He likes maths and science very much”可知,前后转折,but符合句意,故填but。
35.句意:但周六和周日他有空。根据“He is busy from Monday to Friday.”可知,前后两句转折关系,but符合句意,句首首字母大写,故填But。
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