Unit1暑期讲义2026-2027学年译林版英语八年级上册

UNIT 1 / 友谊 · Friendship 📖 Reading: Best Friends 主旨：本文介绍了作者最好的两个朋友 Max 和 Betty。Max 身材高大、戴着眼镜、幽默感十足，但有时开玩笑会让人生气；Betty 身材苗条、留着马尾辫、慷慨大方、乐于助人，是作者生命中最棒的朋友。 结构：引入（What makes good friends?）→ 介绍 Max（外貌+性格+优缺点）→ 介绍 Betty（外貌+性格+优点）→ 总结（友情的力量） sense of humour keep secrets cheer sb up a little bit get along with give up on 📚 重点词汇（含词族拓展） Welcome to the unit & Reading friendship /ˈfrendʃɪp/ n. 友谊 词族拓展： friend (n. 朋友) → friendship (n. 友谊) → friendly (adj. 友好的) 搭配：build a friendship 建立友谊 / true friendship 真正的友谊 后缀 -ship：表示"关系、状态"：member → membership；hard → hardship；leader → leadership 用法讲解：friendship 是不可数名词，不加 s。常与 build, develop, strengthen 等动词搭配。 True friendship is more valuable than gold. （真正的友谊比黄金更宝贵。） honest /ˈɒnɪst/ adj. 诚实的，正直的 词族拓展： honest (adj. 诚实的) → honesty (n. 诚实) → honestly (adv. 诚实地) → dishonest (adj. 不诚实的) 短语：be honest with sb 对某人诚实 / to be honest 诚实说 用法讲解：honest 的 h 不发音，读 /ˈɒnɪst/。be honest with = tell the truth to。 An honest friend is a treasure. （诚实的朋友是宝贵的。） cheerful /ˈtʃɪəfl/ adj. 快乐的，乐观的 词族拓展： cheer (v. 欢呼；使振奋) → cheerful (adj. 快乐的) → cheerfully (adv. 快乐地) → cheerfulness (n. 快乐) 短语：cheer sb up 使某人振作 / cheer for sb 为某人加油 辨析：cheerful（快乐的，强调性格、状态）vs. happy（高兴的，强调一时的心情）。cheerful 是性格特征，happy 是心情状态。 She always has a cheerful smile on her face. （她脸上总是挂着快乐的微笑。） humorous /ˈhjuːmərəs/ adj. 幽默的 词族拓展： humour (n. 幽默, AmE humor) → humorous (adj. 幽默的) → humorously (adv. 幽默地) 短语：sense of humour 幽默感 / a humorous story 幽默的故事 用法讲解：humorous 由名词 humour + -ous（形容词后缀，表示"充满……的"）构成。类似：danger → dangerous；courage → courageous。 Max has a great sense of humour and is very humorous. （Max 有很强的幽默感，而且很幽默。） truth /truːθ/ n. 事实；真相 词族拓展： true (adj. 真实的) → truly (adv. 真正地) → truth (n. 事实) → truthful (adj. 诚实的) 短语：tell the truth 说实话 / to tell you the truth 说实话 / in truth 事实上 用法讲解：truth 是不可数名词。the truth 指"真相"。复数 truths 指"多个事实"。 You should always tell the truth to your friends. （你应该总对朋友说实话。） laugh /lɑːf/ vi. & vt. 笑，发笑 词族拓展： laugh (v. 笑) → laughter (n. 笑声，不可数) → laughing (adj. 带着笑的) 短语：laugh at sb 嘲笑某人 / laugh out loud 大笑 / burst into laughter 突然大笑 辨析：laugh at sb（嘲笑，负面）vs. smile at sb（对某人微笑，正面）。 注意：laugh 后接 at 表示"嘲笑"，后接 about 表示"因……而笑"：We laughed about the joke. Don't laugh at others when they make mistakes. （当别人犯错时不要嘲笑他们。） bored /bɔːd/ adj. 厌倦的，烦闷的 词族拓展（重点！）： bore (v. 使厌烦) → boredom (n. 厌烦) → bored (adj. 感到厌烦的，修饰人) ↔ boring (adj. 令人厌烦的，修饰物) 辨析：bored（感到厌烦，修饰人）vs. boring（令人厌烦，修饰物）   • I am bored.（我感到厌烦。）[修饰人]   • The film is boring.（这部电影很无聊。）[修饰物] 类似词族：interest → interested/interesting；excite → excited/exciting；surprise → surprised/surprising 短语：be bored with sth 对……感到厌烦 / get bored 变得厌烦 You will never feel bored with him around. （有他在身边，你永远不会觉得无聊。） encourage /ɪnˈkʌrɪdʒ/ vt. 鼓励 词族拓展： courage (n. 勇气) → encourage (v. 鼓励) → encouragement (n. 鼓励) → encouraging (adj. 令人鼓舞的) 前缀 en- 表示"使……"：courage → encourage；large → enlarge；rich → enrich 短语：encourage sb to do sth 鼓励某人做某事 用法讲解：encourage sb to do sth 是高频句型，其中 to do 是不定式作宾补。反义词：discourage。 He always encourages me to keep trying. （他总是鼓励我不断尝试。） believe /bɪˈliːv/ vt. 相信 词族拓展： believe (v. 相信) → belief (n. 信念) → believable (adj. 可信的) → unbelievable (adj. 难以置信的) 短语：believe in sb 信任某人 / believe it or not 信不信由你 辨析：believe sb（相信某人说的话）vs. believe in sb（信任某人的人品/能力）   • I believe him.（我相信他说的话。）   • I believe in him.（我信任他。） A good friend believes in you when you doubt yourself. （当你怀疑自己时，好朋友会信任你。） worse / worst /wɜːs/ / /wɜːst/ adj. bad 的比较级/最高级：更差的/最差的 词族拓展： bad/ill (adj. 坏的) → worse (比较级) → worst (最高级) 不规则变化记忆：good/well → better → best；many/much → more → most；little → less → least；far → farther/further → farthest/furthest 用法讲解：worse 后常接 than：worse than 比……更差。worst 前加 the：the worst 最差的。 The weather is worse today than yesterday. （今天天气比昨天更差。） That was the worst film I've ever seen. （那是我看过的最差的电影。） height /haɪt/ n. 身高，高度 词族拓展： high (adj. 高的) → height (n. 高度) → highland (n. 高地) 后缀 -th 将形容词变名词：wide → width；long → length；deep → depth；strong → strength 用法讲解：询问身高用 What is your height? 或 How tall are you? 不用 How high are you? What is your height? （你的身高是多少？） patient /ˈpeɪʃnt/ adj. 有耐心的 词族拓展： patience (n. 耐心) → patient (adj. 有耐心的) → patiently (adv. 有耐心地) → impatient (adj. 不耐烦的) 短语：be patient with sb 对某人有耐心 辨析：patient（有耐心的，形容词）vs. patient（病人，名词）—— 同形异义词。 前缀 im- 表否定：possible → impossible；polite → impolite A good teacher should be patient with students. （好老师应该对学生有耐心。） thoughtful /ˈθɔːtfl/ adj. 体贴的；深思的 词族拓展： think (v. 思考) → thought (n. 想法；think 的过去式) → thoughtful (adj. 体贴的) → thoughtless (adj. 不体贴的) 后缀 -ful / -less 对比：care → careful/careless；use → useful/useless；help → helpful/helpless；hope → hopeful/hopeless 辨析：thoughtful（体贴的，为他人着想）vs. considerate（豁达的，考虑周到），两词常可互换。 It was thoughtful of you to bring me an umbrella. （你给我带了伞，真是体贴。） Word Power: Prefixes un-, in-, im-（否定前缀构词法） Word Power: 否定前缀 un- / in- / im-（否定前缀构词法） ⚠易错点： ① 不是所有词都可以加 un-，如 ✅ impossible（不是 unpossible）； ② 前缀不改变词性：happy(adj.) → unhappy(adj.)； ③ 加否定前缀后，词义变为反义，但词性不变。 It is impossible to finish the work in one hour. （一小时完成这项工作是不可能的。） She felt unhappy when her friend moved away. （朋友搬走时她感到不开心。） 📝 Word Power 前缀练习：用 un-, in- 或 im- 填空 1 It is ____possible to live without water. 2 He was ____happy because he lost his phone. 3 Your answer is ____correct. Please try again. 4 Don't be ____patient with children. They need time. 5 The weather was ____usual for summer — it snowed! 6 She is very ____friendly and has few friends. 7 It is ____polite to talk with your mouth full. 8 The story is ____complete. Can you finish it? 9 He is an ____dependent thinker. He always has his own ideas. 10 That's ____fair! You got more than I did. 【参考答案】 1. im（impossible，p 开头用 im-）2. un（unhappy）3. in（incorrect）4. im（impatient，p 开头用 im-）5. un（unusual）6. un（unfriendly）7. im（impolite，p 开头用 im-）8. in（incomplete）9. in（independent）10. un（unfair） ✏词汇配套练习 📝 练习一：用括号内所给词的适当形式填空 1 He has a good sense of ____ (humorous). 2 She is an ____ (honesty) girl. She never tells lies. 3 Don't get ____ (bore) with the long lecture. 4 His ____ (encourage) made me feel confident. 5 The teacher is very ____ (patience) with slow learners. 6 It is ____ (thought) of you to prepare a gift for her. 【参考答案】 1. humour（名词）2. honest（形容词）3. bored（感到厌烦，修饰人）4. encouragement（名词）5. patient（形容词）6. thoughtful（形容词） 📝 练习二：bored vs. boring / believe vs. believe in 辨析 1 I am ____ (感到厌烦) with this ____ (令人厌烦) book. 2 The movie was so ____ (令人厌烦) that I fell asleep. 3 I ____ (相信你说的话), but I don't ____ (信任你的能力). 4 She is ____ (感到兴奋) about the ____ (令人兴奋) trip. 5 We were ____ (感到惊讶) at the ____ (令人惊讶) news. 【参考答案】 1. bored; boring2. boring3. believe; believe in4. excited; exciting5. surprised; surprising 📝 练习三：写出下列形容词的反义词 1 honest（诚实的）→ ____ 2 happy（快乐的）→ ____ 3 patient（有耐心的）→ ____ 4 careful（仔细的）→ ____ 5 helpful（有用的）→ ____ 6 thoughtful（体贴的）→ ____ 【参考答案】 1. dishonest2. unhappy3. impatient4. careless5. helpless6. thoughtless 🔗 重点短语（含详解） a little bit 有点儿 用法讲解： ① a little bit + 形容词/副词，表示"有点儿"，可与 a bit / a little 互换。 ② 辨析：a little bit = a bit = a little，三者均可修饰形容词。但 a bit of + 不可数名词 = a little + 不可数名词。   • a little bit tired = a bit tired = a little tired   • a bit of water = a little water（不能说 a little bit of water） Her hair is a little bit longer than mine. （她的头发比我长一点点。） sense of humour 幽默感 用法讲解： ① sense of + 名词，表示"……感"：sense of humour 幽默感 / sense of direction 方向感 / sense of responsibility 责任感。 ② 形容词搭配：a great sense of humour 很强的幽默感 / a good sense of humour 良好的幽默感。 Max has a great sense of humour. （Max 有很强的幽默感。） keep secrets 保密 用法讲解： ① keep a secret / keep secrets 保守秘密。 ② 相关短语：tell a secret 泄密 / let out a secret 泄密 / keep sth secret 将……保密。 ③ 注意：secret 可数名词，复数 secrets 表示多个秘密。 A good friend can keep secrets. （好朋友能保密。） get along with sb 与某人和睦相处 用法讲解： ① get along (well) with sb = get on (well) with sb，表示"与某人相处（融洽）"。 ② 程度副词放在 well 前：get along very well with 相处得非常好。 ③ 类似表达：make friends with sb 与某人交朋友 / be friendly to sb 对某人友好 I get along well with my classmates. （我和同学们相处融洽。） feel like doing sth 想做某事 用法讲解（重点！）： ① feel like + doing（动名词），不能接 to do。   • I feel like going for a walk.（我想去散步。） ② 辨析：feel like doing = want to do = would like to do，三者可互换但结构不同。   • I feel like reading. = I want to read. = I would like to read. ③ feel like + 名词/代词，表示"感觉像……"：It feels like rain.（感觉要下雨。） Sometimes I feel like giving up on difficult tasks. （有时我想放弃困难的任务。） give up on 对……不抱希望 用法讲解： ① give up on sb/sth 表示"对某人/某事不再抱有希望"。 ② 辨析：give up doing sth（放弃做某事）vs. give up on sb（对某人不抱希望）。   • He gave up smoking.（他戒烟了。）   • He gave up on his friend.（他对朋友不抱希望了。） ③ 易错点：give up 后接 doing，不接 to do。 He never gives up on his friends. （他从不对朋友不抱希望。） cheer sb up 使某人振作起来 用法讲解： ① cheer up 可独立使用（不及物）：Cheer up! 振作起来！ ② cheer sb up 使某人振作：She knows how to cheer me up. ③ 类似短语：lift sb's spirits 提振某人的精神 / make sb happy 让某人开心 She knows how to cheer me up when I am feeling down. （当我情绪低落时，她知道怎样让我振作起来。） ✏短语配套练习 📝 练习一：用恰当的短语填空（每空一词） 1 Her hair is a ____ ____ longer than mine. 2 Max has a great ____ ____ ____. 3 A good friend can ____ ____. 4 I ____ ____ well ____ my classmates. 5 Sometimes I ____ ____ ____ on difficult tasks. 6 She knows how to ____ ____ ____ when I'm sad. 【参考答案】 1. little; bit2. sense; of; humour3. keep; secrets4. get; along; with5. feel; like; giving6. cheer; me; up 📝 练习二：feel like doing / give up doing / cheer up 辨析 1 I feel like ____ (go) for a walk after dinner. 2 He gave up ____ (smoke) last year. 3 ____ ____! （振作起来！）Everything will be fine. 4 Don't give up ____ (try). You can do it! 【参考答案】 1. going（feel like + doing）2. smoking（give up + doing）3. Cheer; up4. trying（give up + doing） 📐 语法精讲 + 配套练习 一、形容词比较级和最高级的构成 注意：① 以 y 结尾的词先变 y 为 i 再加 -er/-est：happy → happier → happiest。② 重读闭音节双写末尾辅音字母：big → bigger → biggest；thin → thinner → thinnest。 二、不规则变化 Betty is slimmer than Max. Max is the tallest boy in our class. This is the best film I have ever seen. 三、比较级常见用法 易错点：比较级前不能加 very，应用 much/a lot/even/far/a little。  ✗ very taller  ✓ much taller 四、最高级常见用法 Betty is the most wonderful friend in my life. ✏语法配套练习 📝 练习一：写出下列形容词的比较级和最高级 1 tall → ____ / ____ 2 slim → ____ / ____ 3 happy → ____ / ____ 4 good → ____ / ____ 5 bad → ____ / ____ 6 beautiful → ____ / ____ 7 big → ____ / ____ 8 far → ____ / ____ 【参考答案】 1. taller / tallest2. slimmer / slimmest3. happier / happiest4. better / best5. worse / worst6. more beautiful / most beautiful7. bigger / biggest8. farther/further / farthest/furthest 📝 练习二：用括号内所给词的适当形式填空 1 Betty is ____ (slim) than her sister. 2 Max is the ____ (tall) boy in our class. 3 This book is ____ (interesting) than that one. 4 China is becoming ____ and ____ (strong). 5 She is the ____ (good) student in our class. 6 My box is much ____ (heavy) than yours. 7 Which is ____ (big), the sun or the moon? 【参考答案】 1. slimmer2. tallest3. more interesting4. stronger; stronger5. best6. heavier7. bigger 📝 练习三：改错（每句有一处错误） 1 He is more taller than me. 2 This is very better than that one. 3 I am more happy than before. 4 He is one of the tallest boy in the school. 【参考答案】 1. 删除 more（taller 本身就是比较级）2. 改为 much better（不能用 very 修饰比较级）3. 改为 happier（happy 是单音节词 y 结尾，直接加 -er）4. boy → boys（one of the + 最高级 + 复数名词） ✏ 重点句式 ① 比较级 + than — ……比……更…… Her hair is longer than mine. 她的头发比我的长。 Betty is slimmer than Max. Betty 比 Max 更苗条。 ② the + 最高级 + 比较范围 — ……是最……的 Max is the tallest boy in our class. Max 是我们班最高的男孩。 Betty is the most wonderful friend in my life. Betty 是我生命中最棒的朋友。 ③ encourage sb to do sth — 鼓励某人做某事 He always encourages me to keep trying. 他总是鼓励我不断尝试。 ④ feel like doing sth — 想做某事 Sometimes I feel like giving up on difficult tasks. 有时我想放弃困难的任务。 ✏ 句式配套练习 📝 练习：英汉互译（运用本单元重点句式） 1 她的头发比我的长。 2 Max 是我们班最高的男孩。 3 Betty 是我生命中最棒的朋友。 4 他总是鼓励我不断尝试。 5 有他在身边，你永远不会觉得无聊。 【参考答案】 1. Her hair is longer than mine.2. Max is the tallest boy in our class.3. Betty is the most wonderful friend in my life.4. He always encourages me to keep trying.5. You will never feel bored with him around. 📋 Unit 1 综合训练 综合卷：词汇与短语综合运用（10 题） 1 A true friend should have a good sense of ____ (humour). 2 Don't get ____ (bore) with the book. It's actually very ____ (interest). 3 His ____ (encourage) gave me the power to go on. 4 I ____ ____ ____ （与……和睦相处）my new classmates. 5 She knows how to ____ ____ ____ （使我振作起来）when I'm sad. 6 Betty is the ____ (slim) girl in our class. 7 I feel like ____ (take) a walk after dinner. 8 Don't give up ____ (try). You'll succeed! 9 It was ____ (thought) of you to bring me hot tea. 10 An ____ (honest) person never tells lies. 【参考答案】 1. humour2. bored; interesting3. encouragement4. get; along; with5. cheer; me; up6. slimmest7. taking8. trying9. thoughtful10. honest 🎯 中考题型 📝 练习一：任务型阅读（中考题型） 阅读短文，根据短文内容完成句子（每空一词）。 A good friend is someone who is honest, cheerful and helpful. A good friend always tells you the truth and keeps your secrets. When you feel sad, a good friend will cheer you up. When you make mistakes, a good friend will not laugh at you but help you. True friendship is like a treasure — the more you share, the more you have. 1 A good friend is ____ and helpful. 2 A good friend always tells you the ____. 3 When you feel sad, a good friend will ____ you ____. 4 A good friend will not ____ ____ you when you make mistakes. 5 True friendship is like a ____. 【参考答案】 1. honest2. truth3. cheer; up4. laugh; at5. treasure 📝 练习二：词语运用（选词填空，注意变形）（中考题型） 从方框中选择合适的词，用其适当形式填空（每词限用一次）。 honest  encourage  humour  bore  patient  care  secret  believe 1 He is an ____ boy. He never tells lies. 2 His parents always ____ him to work hard. 3 Max has a great sense of ____. 4 The film was so ____ that I fell asleep. 5 A good teacher should be ____ with slow learners. 【参考答案】 1. honest2. encourage3. humour4. boring（令人厌烦的，修饰物）5. patient 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ UNIT 1 / 友谊 · Friendship 📖 Reading: Best Friends 主旨：本文介绍了作者最好的两个朋友 Max 和 Betty。Max 身材高大、戴着眼镜、幽默感十足，但有时开玩笑会让人生气；Betty 身材苗条、留着马尾辫、慷慨大方、乐于助人，是作者生命中最棒的朋友。 结构：引入（What makes good friends?）→ 介绍 Max（外貌+性格+优缺点）→ 介绍 Betty（外貌+性格+优点）→ 总结（友情的力量） sense of humour keep secrets cheer sb up a little bit get along with give up on 📚 重点词汇（含词族拓展） Welcome to the unit & Reading friendship /ˈfrendʃɪp/ n. 友谊 词族拓展： friend (n. 朋友) → friendship (n. 友谊) → friendly (adj. 友好的) 搭配：build a friendship 建立友谊 / true friendship 真正的友谊 后缀 -ship：表示"关系、状态"：member → membership；hard → hardship；leader → leadership 用法讲解：friendship 是不可数名词，不加 s。常与 build, develop, strengthen 等动词搭配。 True friendship is more valuable than gold. （真正的友谊比黄金更宝贵。） honest /ˈɒnɪst/ adj. 诚实的，正直的 词族拓展： honest (adj. 诚实的) → honesty (n. 诚实) → honestly (adv. 诚实地) → dishonest (adj. 不诚实的) 短语：be honest with sb 对某人诚实 / to be honest 诚实说 用法讲解：honest 的 h 不发音，读 /ˈɒnɪst/。be honest with = tell the truth to。 An honest friend is a treasure. （诚实的朋友是宝贵的。） cheerful /ˈtʃɪəfl/ adj. 快乐的，乐观的 词族拓展： cheer (v. 欢呼；使振奋) → cheerful (adj. 快乐的) → cheerfully (adv. 快乐地) → cheerfulness (n. 快乐) 短语：cheer sb up 使某人振作 / cheer for sb 为某人加油 辨析：cheerful（快乐的，强调性格、状态）vs. happy（高兴的，强调一时的心情）。cheerful 是性格特征，happy 是心情状态。 She always has a cheerful smile on her face. （她脸上总是挂着快乐的微笑。） humorous /ˈhjuːmərəs/ adj. 幽默的 词族拓展： humour (n. 幽默, AmE humor) → humorous (adj. 幽默的) → humorously (adv. 幽默地) 短语：sense of humour 幽默感 / a humorous story 幽默的故事 用法讲解：humorous 由名词 humour + -ous（形容词后缀，表示"充满……的"）构成。类似：danger → dangerous；courage → courageous。 Max has a great sense of humour and is very humorous. （Max 有很强的幽默感，而且很幽默。） truth /truːθ/ n. 事实；真相 词族拓展： true (adj. 真实的) → truly (adv. 真正地) → truth (n. 事实) → truthful (adj. 诚实的) 短语：tell the truth 说实话 / to tell you the truth 说实话 / in truth 事实上 用法讲解：truth 是不可数名词。the truth 指"真相"。复数 truths 指"多个事实"。 You should always tell the truth to your friends. （你应该总对朋友说实话。） laugh /lɑːf/ vi. & vt. 笑，发笑 词族拓展： laugh (v. 笑) → laughter (n. 笑声，不可数) → laughing (adj. 带着笑的) 短语：laugh at sb 嘲笑某人 / laugh out loud 大笑 / burst into laughter 突然大笑 辨析：laugh at sb（嘲笑，负面）vs. smile at sb（对某人微笑，正面）。 注意：laugh 后接 at 表示"嘲笑"，后接 about 表示"因……而笑"：We laughed about the joke. Don't laugh at others when they make mistakes. （当别人犯错时不要嘲笑他们。） bored /bɔːd/ adj. 厌倦的，烦闷的 词族拓展（重点！）： bore (v. 使厌烦) → boredom (n. 厌烦) → bored (adj. 感到厌烦的，修饰人) ↔ boring (adj. 令人厌烦的，修饰物) 辨析：bored（感到厌烦，修饰人）vs. boring（令人厌烦，修饰物）   • I am bored.（我感到厌烦。）[修饰人]   • The film is boring.（这部电影很无聊。）[修饰物] 类似词族：interest → interested/interesting；excite → excited/exciting；surprise → surprised/surprising 短语：be bored with sth 对……感到厌烦 / get bored 变得厌烦 You will never feel bored with him around. （有他在身边，你永远不会觉得无聊。） encourage /ɪnˈkʌrɪdʒ/ vt. 鼓励 词族拓展： courage (n. 勇气) → encourage (v. 鼓励) → encouragement (n. 鼓励) → encouraging (adj. 令人鼓舞的) 前缀 en- 表示"使……"：courage → encourage；large → enlarge；rich → enrich 短语：encourage sb to do sth 鼓励某人做某事 用法讲解：encourage sb to do sth 是高频句型，其中 to do 是不定式作宾补。反义词：discourage。 He always encourages me to keep trying. （他总是鼓励我不断尝试。） believe /bɪˈliːv/ vt. 相信 词族拓展： believe (v. 相信) → belief (n. 信念) → believable (adj. 可信的) → unbelievable (adj. 难以置信的) 短语：believe in sb 信任某人 / believe it or not 信不信由你 辨析：believe sb（相信某人说的话）vs. believe in sb（信任某人的人品/能力）   • I believe him.（我相信他说的话。）   • I believe in him.（我信任他。） A good friend believes in you when you doubt yourself. （当你怀疑自己时，好朋友会信任你。） worse / worst /wɜːs/ / /wɜːst/ adj. bad 的比较级/最高级：更差的/最差的 词族拓展： bad/ill (adj. 坏的) → worse (比较级) → worst (最高级) 不规则变化记忆：good/well → better → best；many/much → more → most；little → less → least；far → farther/further → farthest/furthest 用法讲解：worse 后常接 than：worse than 比……更差。worst 前加 the：the worst 最差的。 The weather is worse today than yesterday. （今天天气比昨天更差。） That was the worst film I've ever seen. （那是我看过的最差的电影。） height /haɪt/ n. 身高，高度 词族拓展： high (adj. 高的) → height (n. 高度) → highland (n. 高地) 后缀 -th 将形容词变名词：wide → width；long → length；deep → depth；strong → strength 用法讲解：询问身高用 What is your height? 或 How tall are you? 不用 How high are you? What is your height? （你的身高是多少？） patient /ˈpeɪʃnt/ adj. 有耐心的 词族拓展： patience (n. 耐心) → patient (adj. 有耐心的) → patiently (adv. 有耐心地) → impatient (adj. 不耐烦的) 短语：be patient with sb 对某人有耐心 辨析：patient（有耐心的，形容词）vs. patient（病人，名词）—— 同形异义词。 前缀 im- 表否定：possible → impossible；polite → impolite A good teacher should be patient with students. （好老师应该对学生有耐心。） thoughtful /ˈθɔːtfl/ adj. 体贴的；深思的 词族拓展： think (v. 思考) → thought (n. 想法；think 的过去式) → thoughtful (adj. 体贴的) → thoughtless (adj. 不体贴的) 后缀 -ful / -less 对比：care → careful/careless；use → useful/useless；help → helpful/helpless；hope → hopeful/hopeless 辨析：thoughtful（体贴的，为他人着想）vs. considerate（豁达的，考虑周到），两词常可互换。 It was thoughtful of you to bring me an umbrella. （你给我带了伞，真是体贴。） Word Power: Prefixes un-, in-, im-（否定前缀构词法） Word Power: 否定前缀 un- / in- / im-（否定前缀构词法） ⚠易错点： ① 不是所有词都可以加 un-，如 ✅ impossible（不是 unpossible）； ② 前缀不改变词性：happy(adj.) → unhappy(adj.)； ③ 加否定前缀后，词义变为反义，但词性不变。 It is impossible to finish the work in one hour. （一小时完成这项工作是不可能的。） She felt unhappy when her friend moved away. （朋友搬走时她感到不开心。） 📝 Word Power 前缀练习：用 un-, in- 或 im- 填空 1 It is ____possible to live without water. 2 He was ____happy because he lost his phone. 3 Your answer is ____correct. Please try again. 4 Don't be ____patient with children. They need time. 5 The weather was ____usual for summer — it snowed! 6 She is very ____friendly and has few friends. 7 It is ____polite to talk with your mouth full. 8 The story is ____complete. Can you finish it? 9 He is an ____dependent thinker. He always has his own ideas. 10 That's ____fair! You got more than I did. ✏词汇配套练习 📝 练习一：用括号内所给词的适当形式填空 1 He has a good sense of ____ (humorous). 2 She is an ____ (honesty) girl. She never tells lies. 3 Don't get ____ (bore) with the long lecture. 4 His ____ (encourage) made me feel confident. 5 The teacher is very ____ (patience) with slow learners. 6 It is ____ (thought) of you to prepare a gift for her. 📝 练习二：bored vs. boring / believe vs. believe in 辨析 1 I am ____ (感到厌烦) with this ____ (令人厌烦) book. 2 The movie was so ____ (令人厌烦) that I fell asleep. 3 I ____ (相信你说的话), but I don't ____ (信任你的能力). 4 She is ____ (感到兴奋) about the ____ (令人兴奋) trip. 5 We were ____ (感到惊讶) at the ____ (令人惊讶) news. 📝 练习三：写出下列形容词的反义词 1 honest（诚实的）→ ____ 2 happy（快乐的）→ ____ 3 patient（有耐心的）→ ____ 4 careful（仔细的）→ ____ 5 helpful（有用的）→ ____ 6 thoughtful（体贴的）→ ____ 🔗 重点短语（含详解） a little bit 有点儿 用法讲解： ① a little bit + 形容词/副词，表示"有点儿"，可与 a bit / a little 互换。 ② 辨析：a little bit = a bit = a little，三者均可修饰形容词。但 a bit of + 不可数名词 = a little + 不可数名词。   • a little bit tired = a bit tired = a little tired   • a bit of water = a little water（不能说 a little bit of water） Her hair is a little bit longer than mine. （她的头发比我长一点点。） sense of humour 幽默感 用法讲解： ① sense of + 名词，表示"……感"：sense of humour 幽默感 / sense of direction 方向感 / sense of responsibility 责任感。 ② 形容词搭配：a great sense of humour 很强的幽默感 / a good sense of humour 良好的幽默感。 Max has a great sense of humour. （Max 有很强的幽默感。） keep secrets 保密 用法讲解： ① keep a secret / keep secrets 保守秘密。 ② 相关短语：tell a secret 泄密 / let out a secret 泄密 / keep sth secret 将……保密。 ③ 注意：secret 可数名词，复数 secrets 表示多个秘密。 A good friend can keep secrets. （好朋友能保密。） get along with sb 与某人和睦相处 用法讲解： ① get along (well) with sb = get on (well) with sb，表示"与某人相处（融洽）"。 ② 程度副词放在 well 前：get along very well with 相处得非常好。 ③ 类似表达：make friends with sb 与某人交朋友 / be friendly to sb 对某人友好 I get along well with my classmates. （我和同学们相处融洽。） feel like doing sth 想做某事 用法讲解（重点！）： ① feel like + doing（动名词），不能接 to do。   • I feel like going for a walk.（我想去散步。） ② 辨析：feel like doing = want to do = would like to do，三者可互换但结构不同。   • I feel like reading. = I want to read. = I would like to read. ③ feel like + 名词/代词，表示"感觉像……"：It feels like rain.（感觉要下雨。） Sometimes I feel like giving up on difficult tasks. （有时我想放弃困难的任务。） give up on 对……不抱希望 用法讲解： ① give up on sb/sth 表示"对某人/某事不再抱有希望"。 ② 辨析：give up doing sth（放弃做某事）vs. give up on sb（对某人不抱希望）。   • He gave up smoking.（他戒烟了。）   • He gave up on his friend.（他对朋友不抱希望了。） ③ 易错点：give up 后接 doing，不接 to do。 He never gives up on his friends. （他从不对朋友不抱希望。） cheer sb up 使某人振作起来 用法讲解： ① cheer up 可独立使用（不及物）：Cheer up! 振作起来！ ② cheer sb up 使某人振作：She knows how to cheer me up. ③ 类似短语：lift sb's spirits 提振某人的精神 / make sb happy 让某人开心 She knows how to cheer me up when I am feeling down. （当我情绪低落时，她知道怎样让我振作起来。） ✏短语配套练习 📝 练习一：用恰当的短语填空（每空一词） 1 Her hair is a ____ ____ longer than mine. 2 Max has a great ____ ____ ____. 3 A good friend can ____ ____. 4 I ____ ____ well ____ my classmates. 5 Sometimes I ____ ____ ____ on difficult tasks. 6 She knows how to ____ ____ ____ when I'm sad. 📝 练习二：feel like doing / give up doing / cheer up 辨析 1 I feel like ____ (go) for a walk after dinner. 2 He gave up ____ (smoke) last year. 3 ____ ____! （振作起来！）Everything will be fine. 4 Don't give up ____ (try). You can do it! 📐 语法精讲 + 配套练习 一、形容词比较级和最高级的构成 注意：① 以 y 结尾的词先变 y 为 i 再加 -er/-est：happy → happier → happiest。② 重读闭音节双写末尾辅音字母：big → bigger → biggest；thin → thinner → thinnest。 二、不规则变化 Betty is slimmer than Max. Max is the tallest boy in our class. This is the best film I have ever seen. 三、比较级常见用法 易错点：比较级前不能加 very，应用 much/a lot/even/far/a little。  ✗ very taller  ✓ much taller 四、最高级常见用法 Betty is the most wonderful friend in my life. ✏语法配套练习 📝 练习一：写出下列形容词的比较级和最高级 1 tall → ____ / ____ 2 slim → ____ / ____ 3 happy → ____ / ____ 4 good → ____ / ____ 5 bad → ____ / ____ 6 beautiful → ____ / ____ 7 big → ____ / ____ 8 far → ____ / ____ 📝 练习二：用括号内所给词的适当形式填空 1 Betty is ____ (slim) than her sister. 2 Max is the ____ (tall) boy in our class. 3 This book is ____ (interesting) than that one. 4 China is becoming ____ and ____ (strong). 5 She is the ____ (good) student in our class. 6 My box is much ____ (heavy) than yours. 7 Which is ____ (big), the sun or the moon? 📝 练习三：改错（每句有一处错误） 1 He is more taller than me. 2 This is very better than that one. 3 I am more happy than before. 4 He is one of the tallest boy in the school. ✏ 重点句式 ① 比较级 + than — ……比……更…… Her hair is longer than mine. 她的头发比我的长。 Betty is slimmer than Max. Betty 比 Max 更苗条。 ② the + 最高级 + 比较范围 — ……是最……的 Max is the tallest boy in our class. Max 是我们班最高的男孩。 Betty is the most wonderful friend in my life. Betty 是我生命中最棒的朋友。 ③ encourage sb to do sth — 鼓励某人做某事 He always encourages me to keep trying. 他总是鼓励我不断尝试。 ④ feel like doing sth — 想做某事 Sometimes I feel like giving up on difficult tasks. 有时我想放弃困难的任务。 ✏ 句式配套练习 📝 练习：英汉互译（运用本单元重点句式） 1 她的头发比我的长。 2 Max 是我们班最高的男孩。 3 Betty 是我生命中最棒的朋友。 4 他总是鼓励我不断尝试。 5 有他在身边，你永远不会觉得无聊。 📋 Unit 1 综合训练 综合卷：词汇与短语综合运用（10 题） 1 A true friend should have a good sense of ____ (humour). 2 Don't get ____ (bore) with the book. It's actually very ____ (interest). 3 His ____ (encourage) gave me the power to go on. 4 I ____ ____ ____ （与……和睦相处）my new classmates. 5 She knows how to ____ ____ ____ （使我振作起来）when I'm sad. 6 Betty is the ____ (slim) girl in our class. 7 I feel like ____ (take) a walk after dinner. 8 Don't give up ____ (try). You'll succeed! 9 It was ____ (thought) of you to bring me hot tea. 10 An ____ (honest) person never tells lies. 🎯 中考题型 📝 练习一：任务型阅读（中考题型） 阅读短文，根据短文内容完成句子（每空一词）。 A good friend is someone who is honest, cheerful and helpful. A good friend always tells you the truth and keeps your secrets. When you feel sad, a good friend will cheer you up. When you make mistakes, a good friend will not laugh at you but help you. True friendship is like a treasure — the more you share, the more you have. 1 A good friend is ____ and helpful. 2 A good friend always tells you the ____. 3 When you feel sad, a good friend will ____ you ____. 4 A good friend will not ____ ____ you when you make mistakes. 5 True friendship is like a ____. 📝 练习二：词语运用（选词填空，注意变形）（中考题型） 从方框中选择合适的词，用其适当形式填空（每词限用一次）。 honest  encourage  humour  bore  patient  care  secret  believe 1 He is an ____ boy. He never tells lies. 2 His parents always ____ him to work hard. 3 Max has a great sense of ____. 4 The film was so ____ that I fell asleep. 5 A good teacher should be ____ with slow learners. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $