Unit4 暑期讲义2026-2027学年译林版英语八年级上册

UNIT 4 / 动手乐趣 · Hands-on Fun 📖 Reading: Do It Yourself 主旨：本文介绍了 DIY（自己动手做）的乐趣与挑战。通过几个 DIY 项目（制作书架、折纸花、手绘贺卡等），鼓励学生在动手实践中培养创造力和解决问题的能力。 结构：引入（什么是 DIY）→ DIY 项目展示（书架、手工艺品）→ DIY 的好处与注意事项 → 总结（动手做让生活更有趣） be crazy aboutfill... withnot only... but alsoshould/had betterin a messcatch one's eye 📚 重点词汇（含词族拓展） Welcome to the unit & Reading crazy /ˈkreɪzi/ adj. 狂热的；迷恋的 词族拓展： crazy (adj. 疯狂的) → crazily (adv. 疯狂地) → craziness (n. 疯狂) 搭配：be crazy about sth/sb 热衷于…… / go crazy 发疯 辨析：crazy（口语，疯狂的/狂热的）vs. mad（正式，疯狂的/生气的） 用法讲解：be crazy about + 名词/动名词：He is crazy about playing football. 不能接 to do。 She is crazy about DIY and makes things every weekend. （她热衷于DIY，每周末都做手工。） born /bɔːn/ adj. 天生的 词族拓展： bear (v. 生育，过去分词 born) → born (adj. 天生的) → birthday (n. 生日) 搭配：be born with 天生具有 / be born in + 地点/年份 / be born to be 天生就是 用法讲解：born 是形容词，常与 be 连用。be born in（出生在……地方/时间），be born with（天生具有……）。 He was born with a talent for music. （他天生具有音乐天赋。） mistake /mɪˈsteɪk/ n. 错误 词族拓展： mistake (n. 错误/v. 误解) → mistaken (adj. 错误的) → misunderstand (v. 误解) 搭配：make a mistake 犯错 / by mistake 无意中 / mistake A for B 把A误认为B / learn from mistakes 从错误中学习 用法讲解：make a mistake（犯一个错误）是固定搭配，不用 do a mistake。复数形式 mistakes。 辨析：mistake（错误，日常用词）vs. error（误差，较正式）vs. fault（过失，责任）。 Don't be afraid of making mistakes when learning English. （学英语时不要害怕犯错。） surprised /səˈpraɪzd/ adj. 惊奇的，感到意外的 词族拓展（重点！）： surprise (v. 使惊讶/n. 惊讶) → surprised (adj. 感到惊讶的，修饰人) ↔ surprising (adj. 令人惊讶的，修饰物) → surprisingly (adv. 令人惊讶地) 辨析：surprised（感到惊讶，修饰人）vs. surprising（令人惊讶，修饰物）   • I am surprised.（我感到惊讶。）   • The news is surprising.（这消息令人惊讶。） 类似词族：interest → interested/interesting；bore → bored/boring；excite → excited/exciting 搭配：be surprised at sth 对……感到惊讶 / be surprised to do sth 惊讶地做某事 / to one's surprise 令某人惊讶的是 I was surprised to see the beautiful DIY work she made. （看到她做的那件精美的DIY作品，我很惊讶。） impossible /ɪmˈpɒsəbl/ adj. 不可能的 词族拓展： possible (adj. 可能的) → impossible (adj. 不可能的) → possibly (adv. 可能地) → possibility (n. 可能性) 前缀 im- 表示"不"：possible → impossible；polite → impolite；patient → impatient 搭配：It is impossible (for sb) to do sth 做某事是不可能的 用法讲解：impossible 不能修饰人，只能说 sth is impossible，不能说 sb is impossible。 辨析：impossible（不可能的）vs. unable（不能的，修饰人：I am unable to...） Nothing is impossible if you put your heart into it. （只要你用心，没有什么是不可能的。） reduce /rɪˈdjuːs/ vt. & vi. 减少 词族拓展： reduce (v. 减少) → reduction (n. 减少) → reducible (adj. 可减少的) 搭配：reduce waste 减少浪费 / reduce costs 降低成本 / reduce by 减少了…… / reduce to 减少到 辨析：reduce by（减少了……，表示幅度）vs. reduce to（减少到……，表示结果）。   • reduced by 20%（减少了20%）   • reduced to 80%（减少到80%） We should reduce the use of plastic to protect the environment. （我们应该减少塑料的使用以保护环境。） product /ˈprɒdʌkt/ n. 产品 词族拓展： produce (v. 生产) → product (n. 产品) → production (n. 生产) → producer (n. 生产者) 搭配：agricultural products 农产品 / high-quality products 高质量产品 辨析：product（产品，工业/农业产品）vs. produce（农产品，不可数名词）vs. production（生产过程，不可数名词）。 These handmade products are very popular in the market. （这些手工产品在市场上很受欢迎。） dangerous /ˈdeɪndʒərəs/ adj. 危险的 词族拓展： danger (n. 危险) → dangerous (adj. 危险的) → dangerously (adv. 危险地) 搭配：be dangerous for sb 对某人有危险 / in danger 处于危险中 / out of danger 脱离危险 后缀 -ous：表示"充满……的"：danger → dangerous；poison → poisonous；nerve → nervous 辨析：dangerous（危险的，指可能造成伤害）vs. in danger（处于危险中，指受到威胁）。   • The road is dangerous.（这条路很危险。）   • He is in danger.（他处于危险中。） It is dangerous to use sharp tools without adult supervision. （在没有成人监督的情况下使用锋利工具是危险的。） method /ˈmeθəd/ n. 方法 词族拓展： method (n. 方法) → methodical (adj. 有条理的) → methodology (n. 方法论) 搭配：a new method of teaching 新的教学方法 / use different methods 使用不同的方法 辨析：method（方法，有系统的、有条理的）vs. way（方式，泛指）vs. means（手段，常用复数）vs. approach（方法，侧重角度/思路）。 The teacher introduced a new method of learning English. （老师介绍了一种学习英语的新方法。） Grammar & Integrated Skills usual /ˈjuːʒuəl/ adj. 通常的，寻常的 词族拓展： use (v. 使用) → usual (adj. 通常的) → usually (adv. 通常) → unusual (adj. 不寻常的) → unusually (adv. 异常地) 搭配：as usual 像往常一样 / than usual 比往常 / out of the usual 不寻常 用法讲解：as usual 是固定短语，意为"像往常一样"，放句首或句末。unusual = not usual（不寻常的）。 As usual, she arrived at school early. （像往常一样，她很早就到学校了。） instructions /ɪnˈstrʌkʃnz/ n. [pl.] 用法说明，指示 词族拓展： instruct (v. 指示，教授) → instruction (n. 指示) → instructions (n. 说明书) → instructor (n. 教练) 搭配：follow the instructions 遵循说明 / read the instructions 阅读说明 / give instructions 给出指示 用法讲解：instructions 通常用复数形式，表示"说明书、操作指南"。follow the instructions = do as told。 Please read the instructions before you use the machine. （使用机器前请阅读说明。） ✏ 词汇巩固练习 一、根据句意及首字母提示完成单词 1. She is c____ about DIY. She makes things every weekend. 2. It is d____ to play with fire. Don't do it! 3. Please read the i____ before you use the new machine. 4. Don't be afraid of making m____ when you learn English. 5. We should r____ waste to protect the environment. 【参考答案】 1. crazy2. dangerous3. instructions4. mistakes5. reduce 二、用所给词的适当形式填空 1. I was ______ (surprise) to hear the news. 2. The news was ______ (surprise) to all of us. 3. It is ______ (possible) to finish the work in one hour. 4. He was born with a ______ (talented) for art. 5. The factory ______ (product) many cars every year. 【参考答案】 1. surprised（感到惊讶，修饰人）2. surprising（令人惊讶，修饰物）3. impossible（不可能的）4. talent（have a talent for 有天赋）5. produces（produce 生产，动词） 💬 重点短语详解 be crazy about 含义：热衷于，痴迷于 结构：be crazy about + n. / doing sth 同义：be mad about / be fond of / be keen on 易错点：about 后接动名词，不接不定式。 He is crazy about building model planes. （他热衷于制作模型飞机。） fill... with 含义：使……充满 结构：fill A with B（用B填满A） 被动形式：be filled with = be full of（充满……） 辨析：fill ... with（动词短语，动作）vs. be full of（状态，"装满了"）   • He filled the cup with water.（他把杯子倒满了水。）   • The cup is full of water.（杯子里装满了水。） She filled the box with books. （她用书把箱子装满了。） not only... but also... 含义：不仅……而且…… 结构：not only A but also B（连接平行结构） 用法：连接两个主语时，谓语动词与就近主语一致。   • Not only you but also I am interested in DIY. 省略：also 可以省略：not only... but... 倒装：Not only 放句首时，前一分句要倒装：Not only did he make a shelf, but he also painted it. Not only students but also teachers enjoy DIY activities. （不仅学生而且老师都喜欢DIY活动。） catch one's eye 含义：引起某人注意，吸引某人目光 同义：attract one's attention / draw one's attention 用法：one's 要根据主语变化：catch my/his/her/their eye(s)。 The beautiful painting caught my eye immediately. （那幅美丽的画立刻吸引了我的目光。） in a mess 含义：乱七八糟，一团糟 同义：in chaos / in disorder / messy 用法：be in a mess（处于混乱状态）/ make a mess（弄得一团糟）/ clear up the mess（收拾残局） After the DIY project, the room was in a mess. （DIY项目做完后，房间乱七八糟。） to one's surprise 含义：令某人惊讶的是 结构：to one's + 情感名词（surprise/joy/delight/sorrow/disappointment） 同义：to the surprise of sb 辨析：to one's surprise（令某人惊讶）vs. in surprise（惊讶地，表示方式）vs. by surprise（出乎意料地，take sb by surprise）。 To my surprise, he finished the DIY project in just one hour. （令我惊讶的是，他仅用一小时就完成了DIY项目。） ✏ 短语巩固练习 一、用适当的短语完成句子 1. She is crazy ______ playing the piano. 2. He filled the glass ______ water. 3. Not only you but also he ______ (be) good at math. 4. ______ my surprise, she passed the exam easily. 5. The room is ______ a mess after the party. 【参考答案】 1. about（be crazy about）2. with（fill... with...）3. is（就近原则，he → is）4. To（to one's surprise）5. in（be in a mess） 📖 语法精讲 A. Imperative Sentences（祈使句） ⚠ 注意：① Let's do 和 Let us do 含义不同：Let's do（包括对方）vs. Let us do（不包括对方，请求允许）。 ② Never + 动词原形也是否定祈使句：Never give up! Cut the paper with scissors. （用剪刀剪纸。） Don't mix up the pieces. （不要把零件弄混。） Please hand me the tools. （请把工具递给我。） Let's put the pieces together. （我们一起把零件拼起来。） B. Using should and had better（should 和 had better 的用法） ⚠ 易错点： ① had better 的否定是 had better not do（不是 hadn't better do）。 ② had better 不用于一般疑问句中表建议，语气偏命令，对长辈/上级不宜使用。 ③ should 可用于各种人称，had better 也是，但更侧重"忠告"。 You should read the instructions first. （你应该先读说明。） You shouldn't touch the sharp tools. （你不应该碰锋利的工具。） You had better wear gloves. （你最好戴手套。） You had better not rush. （你最好不要着急。） ✏ 语法巩固练习 一、用祈使句改写句子 1. You should read the instructions first. → ______ the instructions first. 2. You shouldn't touch the hot surface. → ______ ______ the hot surface. 3. Can we start the project now? → ______ ______ the project now. 4. Please pass me the scissors. → ______ me the scissors, ______. 【参考答案】 1. Read（肯定祈使句，动词原形开头）2. Don't touch（否定祈使句）3. Let's start（建议祈使句）4. Pass, please（礼貌祈使句） 二、用 should/shouldn't/had better/had better not 填空 1. You ______ wear safety glasses when using tools. 2. You ______ touch the wet paint. 3. We ______ follow the instructions carefully. 4. You ______ rush. Take your time. 5. Students ______ be late for class. 【参考答案】 1. should / had better2. shouldn't / had better not3. should4. shouldn't / had better not5. shouldn't 🔗 核心句式 祈使句 + and/or + 将来时句子 — 做……就/否则会…… Read the instructions, and you will know how to use it. （读说明，你就会知道怎么用了。） Not only + S1 + but also + S2 + V — 不仅……而且…… Not only Tom but also his sister likes DIY. （不仅Tom而且他妹妹都喜欢DIY。） had better (not) + do sth — 最好（不要）做某事 You had better not use glue on this part. （你最好不要在这部分用胶水。） be filled with / be full of + n. — 充满 / 装满 The room was filled with laughter. （房间里充满了笑声。） 🛠️ DIY Steps: 制作步骤的英文表达 核心任务：学会用英文清晰地描述 DIY 制作步骤，让别人能按你的说明完成作品。 ⚠ 注意： ① 每个步骤用祈使句（Cut..., Fold..., Glue...），主语省略； ② 连接词放句首，后加逗号； ③ 动词用原形，不能用 -ing 或过去式（除非描述已完成的步骤）。 DIY 贺卡制作示例： ① First, prepare a piece of coloured paper and a pair of scissors. ② Next, cut the paper into the shape of a heart. ③ Then, write a message on the back. ④ After that, decorate it with stickers. ⑤ Finally, give it to your friend! 📝 DIY 步骤写作练习：按正确顺序排列制作纸飞机的步骤 ___ ____, fold the paper in half. ___ ____, unfold the paper and fold the two top corners to the centre line. ___ ____, fold the paper in half again along the centre line. ___ ____, fold down the two wings. ___ ____, your paper plane is ready to fly! 【参考答案】 正确顺序：1.First, take a piece of A4 paper.（原文中省略，但应作为第一步）2.Next, fold the paper in half.3.Then, unfold the paper and fold the two top corners to the centre line.4.After that, fold the paper in half again along the centre line.5.Finally, fold down the two wings.额外步骤：Your paper plane is ready to fly! 📝 综合训练 一、单项选择 1. ____ careful when you use the scissors. A. Be　B. To be　C. Being　D. Been 2. You ____ tell anyone about this secret. It's between us. A. had better not to　B. had better not　C. had not better　D. not had better 3. Not only the students but also the teacher ____ enjoying the DIY class. A. is　B. are　C. was　D. were 4. The box is ____ books. A. fill with　B. full with　C. filled of　D. filled with 5. To our ____, the DIY project was a great success. A. surprised　B. surprise　C. surprising　D. surprisingly 【参考答案】 1. A（祈使句，动词原形开头）2. B（had better not + 动词原形）3. A（就近原则，teacher → is）4. D（be filled with = be full of）5. B（to one's surprise 令某人惊讶） 二、用方框中所给词的适当形式填空 1. Don't be afraid of making ______ when you learn something new. 2. It is ______ to finish such a big project in one day. 3. She is ______ about making handmade cards. 4. As ______, he arrived at the workshop early. 5. It is ______ to play with knives. 【参考答案】 1. mistakes（make mistakes 犯错）2. impossible（不可能的）3. crazy（be crazy about 热衷于）4. usual（as usual 像往常一样）5. dangerous（be dangerous 危险的） 🏆 中考题型专项 【任务型阅读】阅读下面短文，完成表格（每空一词） 【参考答案】 1. Save2. creativity3. instructions4. equipment5. help 【词语运用】根据短文内容及所给单词提示填空 【参考答案】 1. myself（by myself 独自）2. excited（感到兴奋，修饰人）3. instructions（说明书，复数）4. cut（过去式不变）5. dangerous（危险的）6. Luckily（幸运的是，副词）7. mistakes（make mistakes 犯错）8. but（not only... but also... 不仅……而且……）9. myself（be proud of oneself 为自己感到骄傲） 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ UNIT 4 / 动手乐趣 · Hands-on Fun 📖 Reading: Do It Yourself 主旨：本文介绍了 DIY（自己动手做）的乐趣与挑战。通过几个 DIY 项目（制作书架、折纸花、手绘贺卡等），鼓励学生在动手实践中培养创造力和解决问题的能力。 结构：引入（什么是 DIY）→ DIY 项目展示（书架、手工艺品）→ DIY 的好处与注意事项 → 总结（动手做让生活更有趣） be crazy aboutfill... withnot only... but alsoshould/had betterin a messcatch one's eye 📚 重点词汇（含词族拓展） Welcome to the unit & Reading crazy /ˈkreɪzi/ adj. 狂热的；迷恋的 词族拓展： crazy (adj. 疯狂的) → crazily (adv. 疯狂地) → craziness (n. 疯狂) 搭配：be crazy about sth/sb 热衷于…… / go crazy 发疯 辨析：crazy（口语，疯狂的/狂热的）vs. mad（正式，疯狂的/生气的） 用法讲解：be crazy about + 名词/动名词：He is crazy about playing football. 不能接 to do。 She is crazy about DIY and makes things every weekend. （她热衷于DIY，每周末都做手工。） born /bɔːn/ adj. 天生的 词族拓展： bear (v. 生育，过去分词 born) → born (adj. 天生的) → birthday (n. 生日) 搭配：be born with 天生具有 / be born in + 地点/年份 / be born to be 天生就是 用法讲解：born 是形容词，常与 be 连用。be born in（出生在……地方/时间），be born with（天生具有……）。 He was born with a talent for music. （他天生具有音乐天赋。） mistake /mɪˈsteɪk/ n. 错误 词族拓展： mistake (n. 错误/v. 误解) → mistaken (adj. 错误的) → misunderstand (v. 误解) 搭配：make a mistake 犯错 / by mistake 无意中 / mistake A for B 把A误认为B / learn from mistakes 从错误中学习 用法讲解：make a mistake（犯一个错误）是固定搭配，不用 do a mistake。复数形式 mistakes。 辨析：mistake（错误，日常用词）vs. error（误差，较正式）vs. fault（过失，责任）。 Don't be afraid of making mistakes when learning English. （学英语时不要害怕犯错。） surprised /səˈpraɪzd/ adj. 惊奇的，感到意外的 词族拓展（重点！）： surprise (v. 使惊讶/n. 惊讶) → surprised (adj. 感到惊讶的，修饰人) ↔ surprising (adj. 令人惊讶的，修饰物) → surprisingly (adv. 令人惊讶地) 辨析：surprised（感到惊讶，修饰人）vs. surprising（令人惊讶，修饰物）   • I am surprised.（我感到惊讶。）   • The news is surprising.（这消息令人惊讶。） 类似词族：interest → interested/interesting；bore → bored/boring；excite → excited/exciting 搭配：be surprised at sth 对……感到惊讶 / be surprised to do sth 惊讶地做某事 / to one's surprise 令某人惊讶的是 I was surprised to see the beautiful DIY work she made. （看到她做的那件精美的DIY作品，我很惊讶。） impossible /ɪmˈpɒsəbl/ adj. 不可能的 词族拓展： possible (adj. 可能的) → impossible (adj. 不可能的) → possibly (adv. 可能地) → possibility (n. 可能性) 前缀 im- 表示"不"：possible → impossible；polite → impolite；patient → impatient 搭配：It is impossible (for sb) to do sth 做某事是不可能的 用法讲解：impossible 不能修饰人，只能说 sth is impossible，不能说 sb is impossible。 辨析：impossible（不可能的）vs. unable（不能的，修饰人：I am unable to...） Nothing is impossible if you put your heart into it. （只要你用心，没有什么是不可能的。） reduce /rɪˈdjuːs/ vt. & vi. 减少 词族拓展： reduce (v. 减少) → reduction (n. 减少) → reducible (adj. 可减少的) 搭配：reduce waste 减少浪费 / reduce costs 降低成本 / reduce by 减少了…… / reduce to 减少到 辨析：reduce by（减少了……，表示幅度）vs. reduce to（减少到……，表示结果）。   • reduced by 20%（减少了20%）   • reduced to 80%（减少到80%） We should reduce the use of plastic to protect the environment. （我们应该减少塑料的使用以保护环境。） product /ˈprɒdʌkt/ n. 产品 词族拓展： produce (v. 生产) → product (n. 产品) → production (n. 生产) → producer (n. 生产者) 搭配：agricultural products 农产品 / high-quality products 高质量产品 辨析：product（产品，工业/农业产品）vs. produce（农产品，不可数名词）vs. production（生产过程，不可数名词）。 These handmade products are very popular in the market. （这些手工产品在市场上很受欢迎。） dangerous /ˈdeɪndʒərəs/ adj. 危险的 词族拓展： danger (n. 危险) → dangerous (adj. 危险的) → dangerously (adv. 危险地) 搭配：be dangerous for sb 对某人有危险 / in danger 处于危险中 / out of danger 脱离危险 后缀 -ous：表示"充满……的"：danger → dangerous；poison → poisonous；nerve → nervous 辨析：dangerous（危险的，指可能造成伤害）vs. in danger（处于危险中，指受到威胁）。   • The road is dangerous.（这条路很危险。）   • He is in danger.（他处于危险中。） It is dangerous to use sharp tools without adult supervision. （在没有成人监督的情况下使用锋利工具是危险的。） method /ˈmeθəd/ n. 方法 词族拓展： method (n. 方法) → methodical (adj. 有条理的) → methodology (n. 方法论) 搭配：a new method of teaching 新的教学方法 / use different methods 使用不同的方法 辨析：method（方法，有系统的、有条理的）vs. way（方式，泛指）vs. means（手段，常用复数）vs. approach（方法，侧重角度/思路）。 The teacher introduced a new method of learning English. （老师介绍了一种学习英语的新方法。） Grammar & Integrated Skills usual /ˈjuːʒuəl/ adj. 通常的，寻常的 词族拓展： use (v. 使用) → usual (adj. 通常的) → usually (adv. 通常) → unusual (adj. 不寻常的) → unusually (adv. 异常地) 搭配：as usual 像往常一样 / than usual 比往常 / out of the usual 不寻常 用法讲解：as usual 是固定短语，意为"像往常一样"，放句首或句末。unusual = not usual（不寻常的）。 As usual, she arrived at school early. （像往常一样，她很早就到学校了。） instructions /ɪnˈstrʌkʃnz/ n. [pl.] 用法说明，指示 词族拓展： instruct (v. 指示，教授) → instruction (n. 指示) → instructions (n. 说明书) → instructor (n. 教练) 搭配：follow the instructions 遵循说明 / read the instructions 阅读说明 / give instructions 给出指示 用法讲解：instructions 通常用复数形式，表示"说明书、操作指南"。follow the instructions = do as told。 Please read the instructions before you use the machine. （使用机器前请阅读说明。） ✏ 词汇巩固练习 一、根据句意及首字母提示完成单词 1. She is c____ about DIY. She makes things every weekend. 2. It is d____ to play with fire. Don't do it! 3. Please read the i____ before you use the new machine. 4. Don't be afraid of making m____ when you learn English. 5. We should r____ waste to protect the environment. 二、用所给词的适当形式填空 1. I was ______ (surprise) to hear the news. 2. The news was ______ (surprise) to all of us. 3. It is ______ (possible) to finish the work in one hour. 4. He was born with a ______ (talented) for art. 5. The factory ______ (product) many cars every year. 💬 重点短语详解 be crazy about 含义：热衷于，痴迷于 结构：be crazy about + n. / doing sth 同义：be mad about / be fond of / be keen on 易错点：about 后接动名词，不接不定式。 He is crazy about building model planes. （他热衷于制作模型飞机。） fill... with 含义：使……充满 结构：fill A with B（用B填满A） 被动形式：be filled with = be full of（充满……） 辨析：fill ... with（动词短语，动作）vs. be full of（状态，"装满了"）   • He filled the cup with water.（他把杯子倒满了水。）   • The cup is full of water.（杯子里装满了水。） She filled the box with books. （她用书把箱子装满了。） not only... but also... 含义：不仅……而且…… 结构：not only A but also B（连接平行结构） 用法：连接两个主语时，谓语动词与就近主语一致。   • Not only you but also I am interested in DIY. 省略：also 可以省略：not only... but... 倒装：Not only 放句首时，前一分句要倒装：Not only did he make a shelf, but he also painted it. Not only students but also teachers enjoy DIY activities. （不仅学生而且老师都喜欢DIY活动。） catch one's eye 含义：引起某人注意，吸引某人目光 同义：attract one's attention / draw one's attention 用法：one's 要根据主语变化：catch my/his/her/their eye(s)。 The beautiful painting caught my eye immediately. （那幅美丽的画立刻吸引了我的目光。） in a mess 含义：乱七八糟，一团糟 同义：in chaos / in disorder / messy 用法：be in a mess（处于混乱状态）/ make a mess（弄得一团糟）/ clear up the mess（收拾残局） After the DIY project, the room was in a mess. （DIY项目做完后，房间乱七八糟。） to one's surprise 含义：令某人惊讶的是 结构：to one's + 情感名词（surprise/joy/delight/sorrow/disappointment） 同义：to the surprise of sb 辨析：to one's surprise（令某人惊讶）vs. in surprise（惊讶地，表示方式）vs. by surprise（出乎意料地，take sb by surprise）。 To my surprise, he finished the DIY project in just one hour. （令我惊讶的是，他仅用一小时就完成了DIY项目。） ✏ 短语巩固练习 一、用适当的短语完成句子 1. She is crazy ______ playing the piano. 2. He filled the glass ______ water. 3. Not only you but also he ______ (be) good at math. 4. ______ my surprise, she passed the exam easily. 5. The room is ______ a mess after the party. 📖 语法精讲 A. Imperative Sentences（祈使句） ⚠ 注意：① Let's do 和 Let us do 含义不同：Let's do（包括对方）vs. Let us do（不包括对方，请求允许）。 ② Never + 动词原形也是否定祈使句：Never give up! Cut the paper with scissors. （用剪刀剪纸。） Don't mix up the pieces. （不要把零件弄混。） Please hand me the tools. （请把工具递给我。） Let's put the pieces together. （我们一起把零件拼起来。） B. Using should and had better（should 和 had better 的用法） ⚠ 易错点： ① had better 的否定是 had better not do（不是 hadn't better do）。 ② had better 不用于一般疑问句中表建议，语气偏命令，对长辈/上级不宜使用。 ③ should 可用于各种人称，had better 也是，但更侧重"忠告"。 You should read the instructions first. （你应该先读说明。） You shouldn't touch the sharp tools. （你不应该碰锋利的工具。） You had better wear gloves. （你最好戴手套。） You had better not rush. （你最好不要着急。） ✏ 语法巩固练习 一、用祈使句改写句子 1. You should read the instructions first. → ______ the instructions first. 2. You shouldn't touch the hot surface. → ______ ______ the hot surface. 3. Can we start the project now? → ______ ______ the project now. 4. Please pass me the scissors. → ______ me the scissors, ______. 二、用 should/shouldn't/had better/had better not 填空 1. You ______ wear safety glasses when using tools. 2. You ______ touch the wet paint. 3. We ______ follow the instructions carefully. 4. You ______ rush. Take your time. 5. Students ______ be late for class. 🔗 核心句式 祈使句 + and/or + 将来时句子 — 做……就/否则会…… Read the instructions, and you will know how to use it. （读说明，你就会知道怎么用了。） Not only + S1 + but also + S2 + V — 不仅……而且…… Not only Tom but also his sister likes DIY. （不仅Tom而且他妹妹都喜欢DIY。） had better (not) + do sth — 最好（不要）做某事 You had better not use glue on this part. （你最好不要在这部分用胶水。） be filled with / be full of + n. — 充满 / 装满 The room was filled with laughter. （房间里充满了笑声。） 🛠️ DIY Steps: 制作步骤的英文表达 核心任务：学会用英文清晰地描述 DIY 制作步骤，让别人能按你的说明完成作品。 ⚠ 注意： ① 每个步骤用祈使句（Cut..., Fold..., Glue...），主语省略； ② 连接词放句首，后加逗号； ③ 动词用原形，不能用 -ing 或过去式（除非描述已完成的步骤）。 DIY 贺卡制作示例： ① First, prepare a piece of coloured paper and a pair of scissors. ② Next, cut the paper into the shape of a heart. ③ Then, write a message on the back. ④ After that, decorate it with stickers. ⑤ Finally, give it to your friend! 📝 DIY 步骤写作练习：按正确顺序排列制作纸飞机的步骤 ___ ____, fold the paper in half. ___ ____, unfold the paper and fold the two top corners to the centre line. ___ ____, fold the paper in half again along the centre line. ___ ____, fold down the two wings. ___ ____, your paper plane is ready to fly! 📝 综合训练 一、单项选择 1. ____ careful when you use the scissors. A. Be　B. To be　C. Being　D. Been 2. You ____ tell anyone about this secret. It's between us. A. had better not to　B. had better not　C. had not better　D. not had better 3. Not only the students but also the teacher ____ enjoying the DIY class. A. is　B. are　C. was　D. were 4. The box is ____ books. A. fill with　B. full with　C. filled of　D. filled with 5. To our ____, the DIY project was a great success. A. surprised　B. surprise　C. surprising　D. surprisingly 二、用方框中所给词的适当形式填空 1. Don't be afraid of making ______ when you learn something new. 2. It is ______ to finish such a big project in one day. 3. She is ______ about making handmade cards. 4. As ______, he arrived at the workshop early. 5. It is ______ to play with knives. 🏆 中考题型专项 【任务型阅读】阅读下面短文，完成表格（每空一词） 【词语运用】根据短文内容及所给单词提示填空 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $