Unit 7 暑期讲义2026-2027学年译林版英语八年级上册

UNIT 7 / 自然世界 · The Natural World 📖 Reading: The Heart of the Earth 主旨：本文将海洋比作"地球之心"，介绍了海洋生态系统的重要性。海洋为地球上的生物提供食物和氧气，调节气候，同时也面临污染和过度捕捞的威胁。文章呼吁人们保护海洋环境。 结构：引入（海洋是地球之心）→ 海洋的作用（提供食物、氧气、调节气候）→ 海洋生物的多样性 → 面临的威胁（污染、过度捕捞）→ 呼吁保护海洋 includeget rid ofslow downlead toquite a fewset up 📚 重点词汇（含词族拓展） Welcome to the unit & Reading climate /ˈklaɪmət/ n. 气候 词族拓展： climate (n. 气候) → climatic (adj. 气候的) → climatically (adv. 气候方面) 搭配：climate change 气候变化 / a warm climate 温暖的气候 / global climate 全球气候 辨析：climate（气候，长期天气趋势）vs. weather（天气，短期天气状况）。   • The climate here is mild.（这里的气候温和。）[长期]   • The weather is nice today.（今天天气好。）[短期] Climate change is one of the biggest challenges we face. （气候变化是我们面临的最大挑战之一。） include /ɪnˈkluːd/ vt. 包括 词族拓展： include (v. 包括) → including (prep. 包括) → inclusion (n. 包含) → inclusive (adj. 包容的) 搭配：include sth in 把某物包括在内 / including + 名词（包括……） 反义词：exclude（排除） 辨析：include (v. 包括) vs. including (prep. 包括)。   • The price includes breakfast.（价格包括早餐。）   • There are six people, including three children.（有六个人，包括三个孩子。） The ecosystem includes both living and non-living things. （生态系统包括生物和非生物。） hold /həʊld/ vt. 容纳；拿着；举行 词族拓展： hold (v. 拿/容纳) → holder (n. 持有者) → holdup (n. 阻延) 搭配：hold a meeting 举行会议 / hold on 等一下 / hold back 阻止 / hold a record 保持纪录 用法讲解：hold 有多种含义：① 容纳（The room holds 50 people）；② 拿着（hold a cup）；③ 举行（hold a meeting）；④ 保持（hold a record）。 The ocean holds about 97% of the Earth's water. （海洋容纳了地球上约97%的水。） harmful /ˈhɑːmfl/ adj. 有害的 词族拓展： harm (n./v. 伤害) → harmful (adj. 有害的) → harmless (adj. 无害的) → harmfully (adv. 有害地) 搭配：be harmful to 对……有害 / do harm to 伤害…… / cause harm 造成伤害 后缀 -ful/-less：harm → harmful/harmless；care → careful/careless；use → useful/useless 辨析：be harmful to（对……有害）= do harm to = be bad for。 Plastic waste is harmful to ocean animals. （塑料垃圾对海洋动物有害。） prevent /prɪˈvent/ vt. 防止，阻止 词族拓展： prevent (v. 防止) → prevention (n. 预防) → preventive (adj. 预防性的) 搭配：prevent sb (from) doing sth 阻止某人做某事 / prevent sth from happening 防止某事发生 辨析：prevent sb from doing（阻止某人做）= stop sb from doing = keep sb from doing。from 在被动语态中不能省略。 We must prevent people from polluting the ocean. （我们必须阻止人们污染海洋。） cause /kɔːz/ vt. & n. 造成；原因 词族拓展： cause (v. 造成/n. 原因) → causal (adj. 因果的) 搭配：cause sth 造成…… / cause sb to do sth 导致某人做某事 / the cause of ……的原因 辨析：cause (n. 原因，引起结果的事物) vs. reason (n. 理由，解释性的原因)。   • The cause of the fire was a cigarette.（火灾的起因是一根烟。）   • The reason he was late was traffic.（他迟到的理由是堵车。） Pollution causes serious problems for marine life. （污染给海洋生物造成严重问题。） create /kriˈeɪt/ vt. 创建，创造 词族拓展： create (v. 创造) → creation (n. 创造) → creative (adj. 有创造力的) → creativity (n. 创造力) → creator (n. 创造者) 搭配：create a new system 创建新系统 / create jobs 创造就业 / be creative 有创造力的 辨析：create（创造，从无到有）vs. make（制作，用材料做）vs. invent（发明，创造新事物/技术）。 Nature creates beautiful landscapes. （大自然创造了美丽的风景。） nearly /ˈnɪəli/ adv. 几乎，差不多 词族拓展： near (adj./adv. 近的) → nearly (adv. 几乎) → nearby (adj./adv. 附近的) 搭配：nearly everyone 几乎所有人 / nearly finished 差不多完成了 辨析：nearly（几乎，常用于数字/程度）vs. almost（几乎，可用于否定词前）。   • Nearly 200 people came.（差不多200人来了。）   • Almost nobody came.（几乎没人来。） 注意：not nearly = far from（远非）：It's not nearly enough. Nearly three quarters of the Earth is covered by water. （地球近四分之三被水覆盖。） knowledge /ˈnɒlɪdʒ/ n. 知识 词族拓展： know (v. 知道) → knowledge (n. 知识) → knowledgeable (adj. 知识渊博的) 搭配：knowledge of sth 关于……的知识 / gain knowledge 获取知识 / to my knowledge 据我所知 用法讲解：knowledge 通常为不可数名词，不加冠词：a wide knowledge of history（不用 the）。但 a knowledge of（某种知识）中可加 a。 We need more knowledge about the ocean to protect it. （我们需要更多关于海洋的知识来保护它。） Grammar & Integrated Skills store /stɔː(r)/ vt. & n. 贮存；商店 词族拓展： store (v. 贮存/n. 商店) → storage (n. 贮存) → storekeeper (n. 店主) 搭配：store up 储存 / store information 存储信息 / a grocery store 杂货店 用法讲解：store 作动词意为"储存、存储"，作名词意为"商店"（美式）= shop（英式）。 Forests store carbon dioxide and produce oxygen. （森林储存二氧化碳并产生氧气。） solve /sɒlv/ vt. 解决 词族拓展： solve (v. 解决) → solution (n. 解决方案) → soluble (adj. 可溶解的) 搭配：solve a problem 解决问题 / solve a mystery 解开谜团 / a solution to sth ……的解决方案 用法讲解：solve 后接 problem/mystery/equation。名词 solution 后接 to（不是 of）：a solution to the problem。 We must work together to solve environmental problems. （我们必须共同努力解决环境问题。） Word Power: Natural Disasters（自然灾害词汇拓展） flood /flʌd/ n. & v. 洪水；淹没 词族拓展： flood (n. 洪水/v. 淹没) → flooding (n. 洪水泛滥) → floodwater (n. 洪水) 搭配：a heavy flood 大洪水 / be in flood 处于洪水期 / flood into 涌入 用法讲解：flood 作名词指"洪水"，作动词指"淹没、涌入"。The river flooded the village.（河水淹没了村庄。） The flood destroyed hundreds of houses. （洪水摧毁了数百栋房屋。） drought /draʊt/ n. 干旱 词族拓展： dry (adj. 干的) → drought (n. 干旱) → drought-resistant (adj. 抗旱的) 搭配：a severe drought 严重干旱 / suffer from drought 遭受干旱 / drought area 旱灾区 用法讲解：drought 是可数名词，指长期缺乏降雨的时期。注意发音：/draʊt/，与 dry 同源。 The drought caused crops to fail. （干旱导致庄稼歉收。） earthquake /ˈɜːθkweɪk/ n. 地震 词族拓展： earth (n. 地球) + quake (v. 震动) → earthquake (n. 地震) → seismic (adj. 地震的) 搭配：a strong earthquake 强震 / survive an earthquake 在地震中幸存 / earthquake zone 地震带 用法讲解：earthquake 是可数名词。描述强度用 magnitude：a magnitude 7.0 earthquake（7.0级地震）。 A powerful earthquake hit the city yesterday. （昨天一场强烈地震袭击了这座城市。） tsunami /tsuːˈnɑːmi/ n. 海啸 词族拓展： tsunami 源自日语"津波"，英语中作为外来词使用 搭配：a tsunami warning 海啸预警 / trigger a tsunami 引发海啸 用法讲解：tsunami 常由海底地震引起。复数形式 tsunamis 或 tsunami。 The undersea earthquake triggered a tsunami. （海底地震引发了海啸。） hurricane /ˈhʌrɪkən/ n. 飓风 词族拓展： hurricane (n. 飓风，大西洋) → typhoon (n. 台风，太平洋) → cyclone (n. 气旋，印度洋) 搭配：a hurricane warning 飓风预警 / hurricane season 飓风季 / hurricane damage 飓风破坏 辨析：hurricane（飓风，发生于大西洋）、typhoon（台风，发生于太平洋）、cyclone（气旋，发生于印度洋）本质相同，名称因发生地不同而异。 The hurricane destroyed many buildings along the coast. （飓风摧毁了沿海的许多建筑。） landslide /ˈlændslaɪd/ n. 山体滑坡 构词： land (n. 土地) + slide (v. 滑动) → landslide (n. 山体滑坡) 搭配：trigger a landslide 引发滑坡 / landslide victims 滑坡灾民 用法讲解：landslide 常由暴雨或地震引发，指山体土石滑落。也可比喻"压倒性胜利"（win by a landslide）。 Heavy rains caused a landslide that blocked the road. （暴雨引发了山体滑坡，阻断了道路。） 自然灾害分类表 ⚠ 中考高频搭配： • cause damage to...（对……造成破坏） • take action to...（采取行动去……） • provide shelter for...（为……提供庇护） • raise money for...（为……筹款） • in danger of...（面临……的危险） ✏ 词汇巩固练习 一、根据句意及首字母提示完成单词 1. C____ change is a serious problem for the whole world. 2. Plastic waste is h____ to ocean animals. 3. We must p____ people from polluting the rivers. 4. N____ three quarters of the Earth is covered by water. 5. We need to find a s____ to this problem. 【参考答案】 1. Climate2. harmful3. prevent4. Nearly5. solution 二、用所给词的适当形式填空 1. The price ______ (include) breakfast and lunch. 2. There are 20 students, ______ (include) 8 girls. 3. She is a ______ (create) artist. She always has new ideas. 4. We should prevent factories from ______ (pollute) the air. 5. Smoking ______ (cause) lung cancer. 【参考答案】 1. includes（动词，包括）2. including（介词，包括）3. creative（有创造力的）4. polluting（prevent... from doing）5. causes（导致，第三人称单数） 💬 重点短语详解 get rid of 含义：清除，摆脱 同义：remove / eliminate / do away with 用法：get rid of + 名词/动名词。rid 是 rid 的过去式和过去分词。 We must get rid of bad habits. （我们必须改掉坏习惯。） lead to 含义：导致，通向 结构：lead to + n. / doing sth（to 是介词！） 同义：result in / cause 易错点：to 是介词，后接名词或动名词，不接动词原形。   ✅ lead to success   ✅ lead to getting better   ❌ lead to get better Pollution can lead to serious health problems. （污染可能导致严重的健康问题。） slow down 含义：（使）慢下来 反义：speed up（加速） 用法：slow down 可作不及物动词短语（自己慢下来）或及物动词短语（使……慢下来：slow sb/sth down）。 We need to slow down climate change. （我们需要减缓气候变化。） quite a few 含义：相当多，不少 用法：后接可数名词复数，谓语用复数。 辨析：quite a few（相当多，+ 可数名词复数）vs. quite a little（相当多，+ 不可数名词）vs. few（很少，几乎没有）vs. a few（一些）。 There are quite a few problems we need to solve. （有相当多的问题需要我们解决。） set up 含义：建立，设立 同义：establish / found / create 用法：set up a company/a system/an organization。名词形式为 setup。 The government set up a nature reserve to protect wild animals. （政府建立了一个自然保护区来保护野生动物。） act as 含义：充当，起作用 同义：serve as / function as / work as 用法：act as + 名词（充当……角色）。Forests act as "lungs" of the Earth. Forests act as the "lungs" of the Earth. （森林充当着地球的"肺"。） ✏ 短语巩固练习 一、用适当的短语完成句子 1. Pollution can lead ______ serious problems. 2. We must get rid ______ bad habits. 3. There are quite a ______ books in the library. 4. The government set ______ a new environmental protection agency. 5. Forests act ______ the "lungs" of the Earth. 【参考答案】 1. to（lead to 导致，to 是介词）2. of（get rid of 清除）3. few（quite a few + 可数名词复数）4. up（set up 建立）5. as（act as 充当） 📖 语法精讲 A. Verbs and Sentence Structures (II)（动词与句子结构 II） ⚠ 易错点： ① to 和 for 不能混用：give sb sth = give sth to sb（✅）≠ give sth for sb（❌） ② buy sb sth = buy sth for sb（✅）≠ buy sth to sb（❌） ③ 宾补与宾语之间有逻辑上的"主谓"关系：keep the eggs safe = the eggs are safe。 The sun gives us light. （太阳给我们光。）[IO=us, DO=light] = The sun gives light to us. （太阳把光给我们。） They call the ocean the "heart" of the earth. （他们把海洋称为地球的"心脏"。）[OC=the "heart"] ✏ 语法巩固练习 一、改写句子（将 IO + DO 改为 DO + to/for + IO） 1. The teacher gave us some advice. → The teacher gave some advice ______ ______. 2. Mom made me a cake. → Mom made a cake ______ ______. 3. He sent his friend a letter. → He sent a letter ______ ______ ______. 4. She bought her son a toy. → She bought a toy ______ ______ ______. 5. The sun gives us light and heat. → The sun gives light and heat ______ ______. 【参考答案】 1. to us（give 用 to）2. for me（make 用 for）3. to his friend（send 用 to）4. for her son（buy 用 for）5. to us（give 用 to） 二、指出下列句子中的宾语补足语 1. They call the ocean the "heart" of the earth. → OC: ______ 2. We made the forest the topic of this class. → OC: ______ 3. The mother bird keeps the eggs safe. → OC: ______ 4. We should build a better home for wildlife. →（无宾补，为 DO + for + IO 结构） 【参考答案】 1. the "heart" of the earth（名词作宾补）2. the topic of this class（名词作宾补）3. safe（形容词作宾补）4. 无宾补（此句为 DO + for + IO 结构，build 是用 for 的动词） 🔗 核心句式 V + IO + DO — 双宾语结构（间接宾语 + 直接宾语） The sun gives us light and heat. （太阳给我们光和热。） V + DO + OC (名词) — 宾语补足语（宾语+宾补） We call the ocean the "heart" of the earth. （我们把海洋称为地球的心脏。） prevent/stop sb from doing sth — 阻止某人做某事 We must prevent people from polluting the ocean. （我们必须阻止人们污染海洋。） V + lead to + n./doing — 导致…… Pollution leads to serious health problems. （污染导致严重的健康问题。） 📝 综合训练 一、单项选择 1. The ocean provides us ____ food and oxygen. A. for　B. with　C. to　D. of 2. ____ change is one of the biggest challenges. A. Weather　B. Climate　C. Season　D. Temperature 3. The teacher gave ____. (IO + DO → DO + to + IO) A. us some advice　B. some advice to us　C. some advice for us　D. us to some advice 4. Plastic waste is harmful ____ ocean animals. A. to　B. for　C. at　D. with 5. There are quite a ____ books about nature in the library. A. few　B. little　C. lot　D. much 【参考答案】 1. B（provide sb with sth）2. B（climate change 气候变化）3. B（give sth to sb，give 用 to）4. A（be harmful to 对……有害）5. A（quite a few + 可数名词复数） 二、阅读理解 1. How much of the Earth's surface does the ocean cover? A. 25%　B. 50%　C. 71%　D. 97% 2. Where does about half of our oxygen come from? A. Forests.　B. The ocean.　C. The sky.　D. The soil. 3. How much plastic waste enters the ocean each year? A. 8 tons.　B. 80 tons.　C. 8,000 tons.　D. 8 million tons. 4. What can we do to protect the ocean? A. Use more plastic.　B. Reduce plastic use.　C. Stop eating fish.　D. Do nothing. 【参考答案】 1. C（71%）2. B（the ocean）3. D（8 million tons）4. B（reduce plastic use 减少塑料使用） 🏆 中考题型专项 【任务型阅读】阅读短文，完成信息卡（每空一词） 【参考答案】 1. shallow2. 253. Climate4. overfishing5. marine 【词语运用】用方框中所给词的适当形式填空（每词限用一次） 1. The ecosystem ______ both living and non-living things. 2. Plastic is ______ to ocean animals. 3. We must ______ factories from polluting rivers. 4. Nature ______ beautiful landscapes. 5. We need to work together to ______ this problem. 【参考答案】 1. includes（动词，包括）2. harmful（be harmful to 对……有害）3. prevent（prevent... from... 阻止）4. creates（create 创造）5. solve（solve a problem 解决问题） 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ UNIT 7 / 自然世界 · The Natural World 📖 Reading: The Heart of the Earth 主旨：本文将海洋比作"地球之心"，介绍了海洋生态系统的重要性。海洋为地球上的生物提供食物和氧气，调节气候，同时也面临污染和过度捕捞的威胁。文章呼吁人们保护海洋环境。 结构：引入（海洋是地球之心）→ 海洋的作用（提供食物、氧气、调节气候）→ 海洋生物的多样性 → 面临的威胁（污染、过度捕捞）→ 呼吁保护海洋 includeget rid ofslow downlead toquite a fewset up 📚 重点词汇（含词族拓展） Welcome to the unit & Reading climate /ˈklaɪmət/ n. 气候 词族拓展： climate (n. 气候) → climatic (adj. 气候的) → climatically (adv. 气候方面) 搭配：climate change 气候变化 / a warm climate 温暖的气候 / global climate 全球气候 辨析：climate（气候，长期天气趋势）vs. weather（天气，短期天气状况）。   • The climate here is mild.（这里的气候温和。）[长期]   • The weather is nice today.（今天天气好。）[短期] Climate change is one of the biggest challenges we face. （气候变化是我们面临的最大挑战之一。） include /ɪnˈkluːd/ vt. 包括 词族拓展： include (v. 包括) → including (prep. 包括) → inclusion (n. 包含) → inclusive (adj. 包容的) 搭配：include sth in 把某物包括在内 / including + 名词（包括……） 反义词：exclude（排除） 辨析：include (v. 包括) vs. including (prep. 包括)。   • The price includes breakfast.（价格包括早餐。）   • There are six people, including three children.（有六个人，包括三个孩子。） The ecosystem includes both living and non-living things. （生态系统包括生物和非生物。） hold /həʊld/ vt. 容纳；拿着；举行 词族拓展： hold (v. 拿/容纳) → holder (n. 持有者) → holdup (n. 阻延) 搭配：hold a meeting 举行会议 / hold on 等一下 / hold back 阻止 / hold a record 保持纪录 用法讲解：hold 有多种含义：① 容纳（The room holds 50 people）；② 拿着（hold a cup）；③ 举行（hold a meeting）；④ 保持（hold a record）。 The ocean holds about 97% of the Earth's water. （海洋容纳了地球上约97%的水。） harmful /ˈhɑːmfl/ adj. 有害的 词族拓展： harm (n./v. 伤害) → harmful (adj. 有害的) → harmless (adj. 无害的) → harmfully (adv. 有害地) 搭配：be harmful to 对……有害 / do harm to 伤害…… / cause harm 造成伤害 后缀 -ful/-less：harm → harmful/harmless；care → careful/careless；use → useful/useless 辨析：be harmful to（对……有害）= do harm to = be bad for。 Plastic waste is harmful to ocean animals. （塑料垃圾对海洋动物有害。） prevent /prɪˈvent/ vt. 防止，阻止 词族拓展： prevent (v. 防止) → prevention (n. 预防) → preventive (adj. 预防性的) 搭配：prevent sb (from) doing sth 阻止某人做某事 / prevent sth from happening 防止某事发生 辨析：prevent sb from doing（阻止某人做）= stop sb from doing = keep sb from doing。from 在被动语态中不能省略。 We must prevent people from polluting the ocean. （我们必须阻止人们污染海洋。） cause /kɔːz/ vt. & n. 造成；原因 词族拓展： cause (v. 造成/n. 原因) → causal (adj. 因果的) 搭配：cause sth 造成…… / cause sb to do sth 导致某人做某事 / the cause of ……的原因 辨析：cause (n. 原因，引起结果的事物) vs. reason (n. 理由，解释性的原因)。   • The cause of the fire was a cigarette.（火灾的起因是一根烟。）   • The reason he was late was traffic.（他迟到的理由是堵车。） Pollution causes serious problems for marine life. （污染给海洋生物造成严重问题。） create /kriˈeɪt/ vt. 创建，创造 词族拓展： create (v. 创造) → creation (n. 创造) → creative (adj. 有创造力的) → creativity (n. 创造力) → creator (n. 创造者) 搭配：create a new system 创建新系统 / create jobs 创造就业 / be creative 有创造力的 辨析：create（创造，从无到有）vs. make（制作，用材料做）vs. invent（发明，创造新事物/技术）。 Nature creates beautiful landscapes. （大自然创造了美丽的风景。） nearly /ˈnɪəli/ adv. 几乎，差不多 词族拓展： near (adj./adv. 近的) → nearly (adv. 几乎) → nearby (adj./adv. 附近的) 搭配：nearly everyone 几乎所有人 / nearly finished 差不多完成了 辨析：nearly（几乎，常用于数字/程度）vs. almost（几乎，可用于否定词前）。   • Nearly 200 people came.（差不多200人来了。）   • Almost nobody came.（几乎没人来。） 注意：not nearly = far from（远非）：It's not nearly enough. Nearly three quarters of the Earth is covered by water. （地球近四分之三被水覆盖。） knowledge /ˈnɒlɪdʒ/ n. 知识 词族拓展： know (v. 知道) → knowledge (n. 知识) → knowledgeable (adj. 知识渊博的) 搭配：knowledge of sth 关于……的知识 / gain knowledge 获取知识 / to my knowledge 据我所知 用法讲解：knowledge 通常为不可数名词，不加冠词：a wide knowledge of history（不用 the）。但 a knowledge of（某种知识）中可加 a。 We need more knowledge about the ocean to protect it. （我们需要更多关于海洋的知识来保护它。） Grammar & Integrated Skills store /stɔː(r)/ vt. & n. 贮存；商店 词族拓展： store (v. 贮存/n. 商店) → storage (n. 贮存) → storekeeper (n. 店主) 搭配：store up 储存 / store information 存储信息 / a grocery store 杂货店 用法讲解：store 作动词意为"储存、存储"，作名词意为"商店"（美式）= shop（英式）。 Forests store carbon dioxide and produce oxygen. （森林储存二氧化碳并产生氧气。） solve /sɒlv/ vt. 解决 词族拓展： solve (v. 解决) → solution (n. 解决方案) → soluble (adj. 可溶解的) 搭配：solve a problem 解决问题 / solve a mystery 解开谜团 / a solution to sth ……的解决方案 用法讲解：solve 后接 problem/mystery/equation。名词 solution 后接 to（不是 of）：a solution to the problem。 We must work together to solve environmental problems. （我们必须共同努力解决环境问题。） Word Power: Natural Disasters（自然灾害词汇拓展） flood /flʌd/ n. & v. 洪水；淹没 词族拓展： flood (n. 洪水/v. 淹没) → flooding (n. 洪水泛滥) → floodwater (n. 洪水) 搭配：a heavy flood 大洪水 / be in flood 处于洪水期 / flood into 涌入 用法讲解：flood 作名词指"洪水"，作动词指"淹没、涌入"。The river flooded the village.（河水淹没了村庄。） The flood destroyed hundreds of houses. （洪水摧毁了数百栋房屋。） drought /draʊt/ n. 干旱 词族拓展： dry (adj. 干的) → drought (n. 干旱) → drought-resistant (adj. 抗旱的) 搭配：a severe drought 严重干旱 / suffer from drought 遭受干旱 / drought area 旱灾区 用法讲解：drought 是可数名词，指长期缺乏降雨的时期。注意发音：/draʊt/，与 dry 同源。 The drought caused crops to fail. （干旱导致庄稼歉收。） earthquake /ˈɜːθkweɪk/ n. 地震 词族拓展： earth (n. 地球) + quake (v. 震动) → earthquake (n. 地震) → seismic (adj. 地震的) 搭配：a strong earthquake 强震 / survive an earthquake 在地震中幸存 / earthquake zone 地震带 用法讲解：earthquake 是可数名词。描述强度用 magnitude：a magnitude 7.0 earthquake（7.0级地震）。 A powerful earthquake hit the city yesterday. （昨天一场强烈地震袭击了这座城市。） tsunami /tsuːˈnɑːmi/ n. 海啸 词族拓展： tsunami 源自日语"津波"，英语中作为外来词使用 搭配：a tsunami warning 海啸预警 / trigger a tsunami 引发海啸 用法讲解：tsunami 常由海底地震引起。复数形式 tsunamis 或 tsunami。 The undersea earthquake triggered a tsunami. （海底地震引发了海啸。） hurricane /ˈhʌrɪkən/ n. 飓风 词族拓展： hurricane (n. 飓风，大西洋) → typhoon (n. 台风，太平洋) → cyclone (n. 气旋，印度洋) 搭配：a hurricane warning 飓风预警 / hurricane season 飓风季 / hurricane damage 飓风破坏 辨析：hurricane（飓风，发生于大西洋）、typhoon（台风，发生于太平洋）、cyclone（气旋，发生于印度洋）本质相同，名称因发生地不同而异。 The hurricane destroyed many buildings along the coast. （飓风摧毁了沿海的许多建筑。） landslide /ˈlændslaɪd/ n. 山体滑坡 构词： land (n. 土地) + slide (v. 滑动) → landslide (n. 山体滑坡) 搭配：trigger a landslide 引发滑坡 / landslide victims 滑坡灾民 用法讲解：landslide 常由暴雨或地震引发，指山体土石滑落。也可比喻"压倒性胜利"（win by a landslide）。 Heavy rains caused a landslide that blocked the road. （暴雨引发了山体滑坡，阻断了道路。） 自然灾害分类表 ⚠ 中考高频搭配： • cause damage to...（对……造成破坏） • take action to...（采取行动去……） • provide shelter for...（为……提供庇护） • raise money for...（为……筹款） • in danger of...（面临……的危险） ✏ 词汇巩固练习 一、根据句意及首字母提示完成单词 1. C____ change is a serious problem for the whole world. 2. Plastic waste is h____ to ocean animals. 3. We must p____ people from polluting the rivers. 4. N____ three quarters of the Earth is covered by water. 5. We need to find a s____ to this problem. 二、用所给词的适当形式填空 1. The price ______ (include) breakfast and lunch. 2. There are 20 students, ______ (include) 8 girls. 3. She is a ______ (create) artist. She always has new ideas. 4. We should prevent factories from ______ (pollute) the air. 5. Smoking ______ (cause) lung cancer. 💬 重点短语详解 get rid of 含义：清除，摆脱 同义：remove / eliminate / do away with 用法：get rid of + 名词/动名词。rid 是 rid 的过去式和过去分词。 We must get rid of bad habits. （我们必须改掉坏习惯。） lead to 含义：导致，通向 结构：lead to + n. / doing sth（to 是介词！） 同义：result in / cause 易错点：to 是介词，后接名词或动名词，不接动词原形。   ✅ lead to success   ✅ lead to getting better   ❌ lead to get better Pollution can lead to serious health problems. （污染可能导致严重的健康问题。） slow down 含义：（使）慢下来 反义：speed up（加速） 用法：slow down 可作不及物动词短语（自己慢下来）或及物动词短语（使……慢下来：slow sb/sth down）。 We need to slow down climate change. （我们需要减缓气候变化。） quite a few 含义：相当多，不少 用法：后接可数名词复数，谓语用复数。 辨析：quite a few（相当多，+ 可数名词复数）vs. quite a little（相当多，+ 不可数名词）vs. few（很少，几乎没有）vs. a few（一些）。 There are quite a few problems we need to solve. （有相当多的问题需要我们解决。） set up 含义：建立，设立 同义：establish / found / create 用法：set up a company/a system/an organization。名词形式为 setup。 The government set up a nature reserve to protect wild animals. （政府建立了一个自然保护区来保护野生动物。） act as 含义：充当，起作用 同义：serve as / function as / work as 用法：act as + 名词（充当……角色）。Forests act as "lungs" of the Earth. Forests act as the "lungs" of the Earth. （森林充当着地球的"肺"。） ✏ 短语巩固练习 一、用适当的短语完成句子 1. Pollution can lead ______ serious problems. 2. We must get rid ______ bad habits. 3. There are quite a ______ books in the library. 4. The government set ______ a new environmental protection agency. 5. Forests act ______ the "lungs" of the Earth. 📖 语法精讲 A. Verbs and Sentence Structures (II)（动词与句子结构 II） ⚠ 易错点： ① to 和 for 不能混用：give sb sth = give sth to sb（✅）≠ give sth for sb（❌） ② buy sb sth = buy sth for sb（✅）≠ buy sth to sb（❌） ③ 宾补与宾语之间有逻辑上的"主谓"关系：keep the eggs safe = the eggs are safe。 The sun gives us light. （太阳给我们光。）[IO=us, DO=light] = The sun gives light to us. （太阳把光给我们。） They call the ocean the "heart" of the earth. （他们把海洋称为地球的"心脏"。）[OC=the "heart"] ✏ 语法巩固练习 一、改写句子（将 IO + DO 改为 DO + to/for + IO） 1. The teacher gave us some advice. → The teacher gave some advice ______ ______. 2. Mom made me a cake. → Mom made a cake ______ ______. 3. He sent his friend a letter. → He sent a letter ______ ______ ______. 4. She bought her son a toy. → She bought a toy ______ ______ ______. 5. The sun gives us light and heat. → The sun gives light and heat ______ ______. 二、指出下列句子中的宾语补足语 1. They call the ocean the "heart" of the earth. → OC: ______ 2. We made the forest the topic of this class. → OC: ______ 3. The mother bird keeps the eggs safe. → OC: ______ 4. We should build a better home for wildlife. →（无宾补，为 DO + for + IO 结构） 🔗 核心句式 V + IO + DO — 双宾语结构（间接宾语 + 直接宾语） The sun gives us light and heat. （太阳给我们光和热。） V + DO + OC (名词) — 宾语补足语（宾语+宾补） We call the ocean the "heart" of the earth. （我们把海洋称为地球的心脏。） prevent/stop sb from doing sth — 阻止某人做某事 We must prevent people from polluting the ocean. （我们必须阻止人们污染海洋。） V + lead to + n./doing — 导致…… Pollution leads to serious health problems. （污染导致严重的健康问题。） 📝 综合训练 一、单项选择 1. The ocean provides us ____ food and oxygen. A. for　B. with　C. to　D. of 2. ____ change is one of the biggest challenges. A. Weather　B. Climate　C. Season　D. Temperature 3. The teacher gave ____. (IO + DO → DO + to + IO) A. us some advice　B. some advice to us　C. some advice for us　D. us to some advice 4. Plastic waste is harmful ____ ocean animals. A. to　B. for　C. at　D. with 5. There are quite a ____ books about nature in the library. A. few　B. little　C. lot　D. much 二、阅读理解 1. How much of the Earth's surface does the ocean cover? A. 25%　B. 50%　C. 71%　D. 97% 2. Where does about half of our oxygen come from? A. Forests.　B. The ocean.　C. The sky.　D. The soil. 3. How much plastic waste enters the ocean each year? A. 8 tons.　B. 80 tons.　C. 8,000 tons.　D. 8 million tons. 4. What can we do to protect the ocean? A. Use more plastic.　B. Reduce plastic use.　C. Stop eating fish.　D. Do nothing. 🏆 中考题型专项 【任务型阅读】阅读短文，完成信息卡（每空一词） 【词语运用】用方框中所给词的适当形式填空（每词限用一次） 1. The ecosystem ______ both living and non-living things. 2. Plastic is ______ to ocean animals. 3. We must ______ factories from polluting rivers. 4. Nature ______ beautiful landscapes. 5. We need to work together to ______ this problem. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $