Unit 2 Inspiring People (Section B) 核心知识点精讲精练-2026-2027学年九年级英语上册单元全方位精练（新教材人教版）

该初中英语讲义以“Unit 2 Inspiring People”为主题，按Section A、Grammar、Section B系统构建知识体系，通过思维导图梳理Section A内容框架，用表格呈现重点短语集锦，将词汇解析（含拓展、搭配、例句）、重难句型（如被动语态、同位语从句）等要点分层整合，清晰展现知识内在联系与重难点分布。 讲义亮点在于“随学随练+知识过关练习”的递进设计，随学随练涵盖词汇填空、单项选择等即时巩固题型，知识过关练习包含短文填空、翻译句子等综合任务，助力学生提升语言能力与思维品质。分层练习满足不同学生需求，为教师实施精准教学提供结构化支持，有效促进单元复习效率。

Unit 2 Inspiring People 核心知识点精讲 3 (Section B) 【主要内容】 · 【单元核心知识点精讲精练】每个单元按照教材安排分为Section A；Grammar和Section B三个部分。 · Section A部分包括本部分重点短语集锦、重点词汇解析、重难句型解析、其他知识解析等板块，核心知识点讲解中包含适当数量，多种类型的随学随练。配有“知识过关练习”，包含词汇填空、单句语法填空、单项填空、选词填空、翻译句子等题型。 · Section A部分内容思维导图如下: 1、 重点短语集锦(前标*为词汇表短语) 1. the scientific world 科学界 2. well-respected biologist 受人尊敬的生物学家 3. spend...doing... 花费…… 做某事 4. one’s whole life 人的一生；毕生 5. over the years 多年以来；这些年来 6. plant seeds 播种 7. make sure 确保；查明 8. disappear from 从…… 消失 9. be born 出生 10. show a deep love and curiosity for 对…… 饱含热爱与好奇 11. enter university 上大学；考入大学 12. at the early age of 15 年仅 15 岁时 13. become interested in 对…… 产生兴趣 14. brave the cold weather and great heights 不畏严寒与高山险阻 15. fall sick 生病 16. continue with... 继续进行…… 17. train local students 培养当地学生 18. field research 实地考察；野外研究 19. provide ... with... 为…… 提供…… 20. *leave behind 留下；遗留 21. *live on 继续存在；继续活着 22. scientific exploration 科学探索 23. hundreds of years from now 数百年之后 24. grow up 长大；成长 25. find out 查明；弄清楚 26. the successful development of socialism 社会主义事业蓬勃发展 27. the latest discoveries about black holes 关于黑洞的最新发现 28. lead sb. to do... 促使 / 引导某人做某事 29. the secrets of the universe 宇宙的奥秘 30. would love to do 想要；很乐意做某事 31. the number of... …… 的数量 32. go up 上升；增长 33. full of courage 充满勇气 34. be oneself 做自己；保持本色 35. pay for 为…… 付费；为…… 付出代价 36. be best known for 因…… 最为出名 37. on one’s own 独自；靠自己 38. come true 实现；成真 39. look up to 敬仰；钦佩 40. one of the most inspiring people 最鼓舞人心的人物之一 41. good at woodwork 擅长木工手艺 42. in fact 事实上；其实 43. *above all 最重要的是；尤其是 44. common people 普通人；民众 45. avoid attacking one another 避免相互攻击 46. build a community of a shared future for mankind 构建人类命运共同体 2、 重点词汇解析 1. scientific /ˌsaɪənˈtɪfɪk/adj. 科学(上)的 [词汇拓展] science(n.)科学；scientist(n.)科学家；scientifically(adv.)科学地 [词汇搭配] scientific research 科学研究；scientific world 科学界；scientific exploration 科学探索 [词汇例句] We need more scientific methods to study the universe. 我们需要更多科学的方法去研究宇宙。 [随学随练] 用适当形式填空 (1) The ________ (science) experiments are very important for space research. 【答案】scientific 【详解】句意：这些科学实验对太空研究十分重要。空格后是名词experiments，需要用形容词修饰名词。名词science对应的形容词形式为scientific，意为“科学的”，故填scientific。 (2) My brother wants to be a great ________ (science) in the future. 【答案】scientist 【详解】句意：我哥哥将来想成为一名伟大的科学家。句中“a great…”后需接可数名词单数。括号内给出的词是science“科学”，根据语境可知，此处表示“科学家”，应将其转换为对应的人物名词scientist。a great scientist意为“一位伟大的科学家”，符合语境。 (3) My favorite subject is ________ (science). 【答案】science 【详解】句意：我最喜欢的学科是科学。此处直接填入名词science（科学），作表语说明主语的内容。 2. whole /həʊl/adj. 所有的；完全的；n.整体，整个 [词汇拓展] wholly(adv.)完全地；wholeness(n.)完整 [词汇搭配] my whole family 我全家人；a whole day一整天；a whole lot (of...)非常；很多，大量... as a whole作为一个整体；on the whole总的来说，大体上 [词汇例句] He spent the whole day writing. 他整整写了一天。 There were a whole lot of people I didn't know.有许多人我都不认识。 [词汇辨析] · whole与all修饰单数可数名词或者抽象名词时，可互换使用，但是词的顺序不一样。all放在the, this, that, my, your等词的前面，whole则放在这些词的后面。 all the afternoon整个下午 the whole afternoon 整个下午 · 用在名词复数前时意义不同，all指“全部的...”，whole指“整个的...”。 Whole buildings have been destroyed 意思是一些大楼被整栋摧毁了。 All the buildings have been destroyed 意思是所有建筑物都被摧毁了。 · all可以修饰物质名词，而whole不能。 He ate all the food. 他吃了所有的食物。(不能用whole) [随学随练] 单项填空。 (1) She ate ______the vegetables, because it rained for a ______day. A．whole; all B．all; all C．whole; whole D．all; whole 【答案】D 【详解】句意:她把所有的蔬菜都吃了，因为下了一整天的雨。 考査形容词辨析。本题考査的是whole和all的区别;whole 形容词:完整的全部的，所有的;a形容词，全部的，一切的;在复数名词或不可数名词前通常用山，单数名词前通常用whole;a位于冠词、基数词、物主代词等限定词之前;而whole位于这些词之后。本题，第一个空，修饰复数名词，而且用于冠词之前，所以用a;第二个空，修饰单数名词，而且用于冠词之后，所以用whole;结合选项可知D选项符合题意，故答案选D。 (2) It took her________afternoon to check out________information. A．the whole;the all B．the whole;all the C．whole;all the D．whole;the all 【答案】B 【详解】句意:她花费了整个下午的时间核査所有的信息。 考査形容词辨析。a和whole都有“整个的，全部的”这个意思，修饰名词。a应放在冠词the的前面;whole应放在the的后面。故选B。 3. bank /bæŋk/n. 银行；河岸 [词汇拓展] banker(n.)银行家；banknote(n.)纸币 [词汇搭配] seed bank种子银行；go to the bank 去银行；bank card 银行卡 [词汇例句] He jumped in and swam to the opposite bank.他跳下水，游到对岸。 [随学随练] 单项填空 To manage our money well, we should make a _______ first. A．bank B．budget C．beauty D．block 【答案】B 【详解】句意：为了管理好我们的钱，我们首先要制定预算。 考查名词辨析。bank银行；budget预算；beauty美丽；block街区。根据“To manage our money well”可知为了管理好钱财，应该先制定预算。故选B。 4. collection /kəˈlekʃn/n. 收集物；收藏品 [词汇拓展] collect(v.)收集；collector(n.)收藏家；collective(adj.)集体的 [词汇搭配] a huge collection of 大量的种子收藏；art collection 艺术藏品 [词汇用法] · collection可以表示“一批收藏品，某人的收藏物”，还可以表示“作品集” 如：his private collection他的私人收藏 a collection of short stories 短篇小说集 · a collection of 可以表示“一批，一群”。 如：a collection of books一堆书 a strange collection of runners一群稀奇古怪的跑步者 · collection也可以表示“收藏”的行为，常用作不可数名词。 如：do seed collection and research做种子搜集和研究工作 [随学随练] 单项填空 My brother started ______ stamps when he was 8. Now he has a valuable ______. A．collect; collecting B．collecting; collection C．collection; collect D．collected; collects 【答案】B 【详解】句意：我的弟弟在8岁时开始收集邮票。现在他有一个珍贵的收藏品。 考查非谓语动词和名词用法。start doing sth.“开始做某事”，动词短语，第一空应用动名词作宾语；第二空前为“a valuable”，第二空应用名词collection。故选B。 5. exploration /ˌekspləˈreɪʃn/n. 探索 [词汇拓展] explore(v.)探索；explorer(n.)探险家 [词汇搭配] scientific exploration 科学探索；space exploration 太空探索 [词汇例句] The exploration of the universe never stops. 对宇宙的探索从未停止。 [随学随练] 用适当形式填空 (1) By ________(explore) the ancient villages in southern Anhui, you can learn about the special Hui culture. 【答案】exploring 【详解】句意：通过探索皖南的古村落，你可以了解独特的徽州文化。explore“探索”，为动词。介词By后接动名词作宾语，表示“通过做某事”，故填exploring。 (2) The ________ (explore) spent two years traveling through the rainforest and recording rare plants. 【答案】explorer/explorers 【详解】句意：这位/这些探险家花了两年时间穿越雨林并记录珍稀植物。“The”后接名词作主语，“explore”是动词“探索”，其名词形式“explorer”表示“探险家”，此处谓语动词是过去式，名词单数形式explorer或复数形式explorers都符合语境。故填explorer/explorers。 (3) The ________ (explore) of the deep sea is a very exciting scientific activity. 【答案】exploration 【详解】句意：深海探索是一项非常激动人心的科学活动。句中The后需要接名词作句子主语，括号内explore是动词，意为“探索”，其名词形式为exploration，故填exploration。 6. universe /ˈjuːnɪvɜːs/n. 宇宙 [词汇拓展] universal(adj.)普遍的；全体的；universally(adv.)普遍地 [词汇搭配] the secrets of the universe 宇宙的奥秘；the whole universe 整个宇宙 [词汇例句] Scientists are looking for the secrets of the universe. 科学家们正在探寻宇宙的奥秘。 [随学随练] 单项填空 So far scientists haven’t found any other planets for humans to live in the ________. A．condition B．system C．universe D．spaceship 【答案】C 【详解】句意：到目前为止，科学家们还没有在宇宙中发现任何可供人类居住的其他行星。 考查名词辨析。condition条件；system系统；universe宇宙；spaceship宇宙飞船。根据“any other planets for humans to live”可知，适合人类居住的其他行星应是在宇宙中，universe符合句意。故选C。 7. socialism /ˈsəʊʃəlɪzəm/n. 社会主义 [词汇拓展] social(adj.)社会的；socialist(adj.)社会主义的；(n.)社会主义者；society(n.)社会 capitalism(n.)资本主义 [词汇搭配] the successful development of socialism 社会主义事业蓬勃发展 socialism with Chinese characteristics 中国特色社会主义 [词汇例句] We are proud of the development of socialism in our country. 我们为我国社会主义的发展感到 自豪。 8. hole /həʊl/n. 洞；孔 [词汇搭配] black holes 黑洞；dig a hole挖个洞；in a hole 处于困境 [词汇例句] He dug a deep hole in the garden. 他在花园里挖了个深坑。 [随学随练] 单项填空 The use of China’s first home-built ocean drilling (钻探) ship shows a big ________ forward in China’s deep sea exploring. A．hole B．flag C．bridge D．step 【答案】D 【详解】句意：中国首艘国产海洋钻井船的使用标志着中国深海勘探向前迈出了一大步。 考查名词辨析。hole洞；flag旗帜；bridge桥；step步。根据“a big...forward in China’s deep sea exploring.”可知是中国深海勘探向前迈出了一大步。故选D。 9. herself /hɜːˈself; həˈself/pron. 她自己；她本人 [词汇拓展] she(主格代词)她；her(宾格代词)她；(形容词性物主代词)她的 hers(名词性物主代词)她的所有物 myself我自己；yourself你自己；himself他自己 [词汇搭配] be herself 做她自己； by herself 她独自，单独 [词汇例句] She finished all the field research by herself. 她独自完成了全部野外考察。 [随学随练] 用适当形式填空 (1) This is my cousin. ________ (she) name is Amy. 【答案】Her 【详解】句意：这是我的表姐/表妹。她的名字叫埃米。括号内she（她，人称代词主格，作主语），后面有名词name（名字），需要用形容词性物主代词，表示“她的”，she的形容词性物主代词是her，位于句子开头，首字母大写，故填Her。 (2) Wang Han looks up at Ms Chen. His eyes meet ________ (she) and his mouth feels dry. 【答案】hers 【详解】句意：王涵抬头看向陈老师。他的目光与她的（目光） 相遇，他感到口干舌燥。空格位于动词meet之后，作宾语。根据逻辑，是“他的眼睛”与“她的眼睛”对视。为了避免重复名词eyes，此处应用名词性物主代词来代替“形容词性物主代词+名词”（即hers=her eyes）。she的名词性物主代词形式为hers。故填hers。 (3) Let ________ (she) help you with your study. 【答案】her 【详解】句意：让她来帮你辅导功课。固定搭配let sb. do sth.意为“让某人做某事”。动词let后面必须接人称代词宾格作宾语。she的宾格是her。 (4) She bought ________ (she) a new dress as a birthday gift. 【答案】herself 【详解】句意：她给自己买了一条新连衣裙当作生日礼物。句子主语是She，动作bought的承受者和主语是同一个人，需要使用反身代词；主格she对应的反身代词为herself，此处作bought的宾语，指代她自己，故填herself。 10. inventor /ɪnˈventə(r)/n. 发明家 [词汇拓展] invent(v.)发明；invention(n.)发明；创造 [词汇搭配] a great inventor 伟大的发明家；a famous inventor 知名发明家 [词汇例句]The well-respected inventor loved scientific exploration from childhood. 这位受人尊敬的发明家 从小热爱科学探索。 [随学随练] 用适当形式填空 (1) Bi Sheng was a great ________ (invent) in ancient China. 【答案】inventor 【详解】句意：毕昇是古代中国伟大的发明家。主语Bi Sheng是发明家，空处应填表示人的名词，invent的名词形式inventor符合语境。 (2) The telephone is a wonderful ________ (invent) and it has changed the way we live. 【答案】invention 【详解】句意：电话是一项很棒的发明，它改变了我们的生活方式。 形容词wonderful后接名词，结合“The telephone”可知，此处使用invent的名词形式invention，表示“发明物”，前面有a，用单数形式，应填invention。 (3) Alexander Graham Bell ________ (invent) the telephone in 1876. 【答案】invented 【详解】句意：亚历山大・格雷厄姆・贝尔在1876年发明了电话。句中“in 1876”为过去的时间状语，提示动作发生在过去，应用一般过去时。invent的过去式为在词尾直接加-ed，故填invented。 11. thinker /ˈθɪŋkə(r)/n. 思想家 [词汇拓展] think(v.)思考；thought(n.)思想；想法；thoughtful(adj.)体贴的 [词汇搭配] a wise thinker 睿智的思想家；one of the greatest thinkers 最伟大的思想家之一 [词汇例句] People will look up to this great thinker forever. 人们会永远敬仰这位伟大的思想家。 [随学随练] 单项填空 Confucius was a great ________. His ________ are spread all over the world. A．think; thoughts B．thought; thinkers C．thinker; think D．thinker; thoughts 【答案】D 【详解】句意：孔子是一位伟大的思想家。他的思想传遍了全世界。 考查词汇辨析。think思考，动词；thought作“思考”是过去式；作“思想”是单数名词；thoughts思想，名词复数；thinker思想家，名词；第一句主语是“Confucius”，指的是“孔子是思想家”，应用thinker；根据“spread all over the world.”可知，第二空指的是“他的思想被传播到全世界”，此处应用“thought”，根据“are”可知，名词应用复数形式；故选D。 12. period /ˈpɪəriəd/n. 时期；一段时间；节，课 [词汇拓展] periodic(adj.)周期性的 [词汇搭配] during the Warring States Period在战国时期；a free/study period 自习课 a period of uncertainty 形式不明朗的时间 [词汇例句] ‘What do you have next period?’ ‘French.’ “你下一节是什么课？”“法语。” [随学随练] 单项填空 —I heard you were in a difficult ________ last year. —Yes, but I got through it with my family’s support. A．period B．place C．choice D．result 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——我听说去年你处于一段困难的时期。——是的，不过我在家人的支持下挺过来了。 period时期；place地方；choice选择；result结果。根据“but I got through it with my family’s support”可知，说话人度过了一段艰难的时光，“a difficult period”意为“困难时期”，符合语境。 13. kindness /ˈkaɪndnəs/n. 善良 [词汇拓展] kind(adj.)善良的；kindly(adv.)友善地 [词汇搭配] show kindness to people 待人友善；treat sb. with kindness 待人体贴 [词汇用法] · kindness表示“善良，仁慈，体贴”，用作不可数名词。 Kindness is never wasted. 善意永远不会白费。 · kindness也可以用作可数名词，表示“友好/善良/仁慈的举动”。 I can never repay your many kindnesses to me. 我无法报答你对我无微不至的关怀。 [随学随练] 单项填空 Zhang Guimei is a great woman, and she always helps poor girls in the villages. Because of her ________, most of these children can go back to school again. A．happiness B．kindness C．illness D．carelessness 【答案】B 【详解】句意：张桂梅是一位伟大的女性，她总是帮助村里的贫困女孩。因为她的善良，这些孩子中的大多数都能再次回到学校。 happiness幸福；kindness善良；illness疾病；carelessness粗心。根据“she always helps poor girls in the villages”可知，张桂梅帮助贫困女孩的行为，体现了她的“善良”，其余选项语义不符。 14. whether /ˈweðə(r)/conj. 是否 [词汇用法] · whether可用于引导宾语从句，表示“是否”，可与if互换使用，不过以下情况只用whether： 引导的从句作介词宾语；直接与or not连用时；直接与or not连用时。 I wonder if/whether she likes rock music.我想知道她是否喜欢摇滚音乐。 I don’t know whether or not he will arrive on time.我不知道他是否会准时到达。 · whether还可以表示“不管......(还是);或者......(或者)”可与or(not)连用，引导让步状语从句。 Whether you like sports or not, you should keep on exercising.不管你是否喜欢运动，你都应该坚持锻炼。 [随学随练] 单项填空 Xiao Hong wonders ________ she will be able to visit the Palace Museum again with her friends next year. A．whether B．where C．what D．who 【答案】A 【详解】句意：小红想知道明年她是否能和朋友们再次参观故宫博物院。 whether是否；where哪里；what什么；who谁。根据“wonders”和“she will be able to visit...”可知，此处是对“能否参观”的疑问，用whether引导宾语从句表示“是否”，应填whether。 3、 重难句型解析 1. 被动语态与同位语从句 (教材原句)On 25 September 2017, the scientific world was shaken by the news that Chinese professor Zhong Yang had died in a car accident. · 句中was shaken是由“be+动词过去分词”构成的被动语态结构，表示“被震惊”。被动语态结构中be动词会根据时态进行相应变化，如will be done表示“一般将来时的被动语态”；have been done表示“现在完成时的被动语态”等。 如：The wall has been taken down. 墙已经被拆了。 · 句中that Chinese professor Zhong Yang had died in a car accident是that 引导同位语从句，解释说明抽象名词 the news 的具体内容。常跟在news,fact,idea,doubt等后解释说明其具体的内容。 同位语从句与定语从句不同，同位语从句起解释说明的作用，而定语从句只是起到修饰限定的作用。且 that引导同位语从句时不充当从句成分，而that引导定语从句，用作关系代词时要充当从句的主干成分。 如：The news that Tom told us surprised us all. (定语从句) The news that our class won the game excited us all. (同位语从句) [随学随练] 单项填空 (1) —The environment of this town is better now. — That’s because lots of trees ________ here many years ago. A．are planted B．will be planted C．were planted D．planted 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——这个城镇的环境现在好多了。——那是因为许多年前这里种了许多树。 本句主语是动作的承受者，结合时间状语“many years ago”可知，动作发生在过去，所以用一般过去时的被动语态。应选were planted。 (2) —Have they planned to build a new hospital? —Yes. A new hospital ________ next month. A．was built B．has been built C．will be built D．is built 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——他们计划建一所新医院了吗？——是的。一所新医院将在下个月被建造。 根据时间状语“next month”可知，句子时态为一般将来时；主语“A new hospital”是动作“build”的承受者，二者为被动关系，所以应用一般将来时的被动语态，其结构为“will be + 过去分词”。所以选C。 (3) There is no doubt ________ reading English stories every day helps improve our vocabulary. A．that B．if C．whether D．which 【答案】A 【详解】句意：毫无疑问，每天读英语故事有助于提高我们的词汇量。 考查连词辨析。that无实际意义，常引导宾语从句、同位语从句等；if如果，是否，引导条件状语从句或宾语从句；whether是否；which哪一个。“There is no doubt that...”为固定句型，意为 “毫无疑问……”，此处需用that引导同位语从句。故选A。 2. It is+adj.+to do句型 (教材原句)It is important for seed banks to include many different kinds of seeds. (教材原句)It was very difficult for him to brave the cold weather and great heights. 这两个句子中it都是形式主语，真正的主语是后面的不定式。 在这个句型中，动词不定式前可以加for引导的短语，表示不定式的逻辑主语。 如：It was very difficult for us to win the competition. 赢得这场比赛对我们来说十分艰难。 [随学随练] 翻译句子 (1) 帮助我的同学做作业是很棒的。 【答案】It is great to help my classmates with their homework. (2) 对我们来说，多了解中国传统艺术很重要。 【答案】It’s important for us to learn more about Chinese traditional art. 3. 并列句与定语从句 (教材原句)My students will continue on the road of scientific exploration and the seeds we have collected may grow hundreds of years from now. 本句中My students will continue on the road of scientific exploration和the seeds we have collected may grow hundreds of years from now由and连接成了并列句。在后一个分句中又包含了一个定语从句we have collected（修饰the seeds），此定语从句省略了关系词that/which。 [随学随练] 单项填空 (1) Ding Feng is an ancient book restorer (修复师) at Nanjing Library. He thinks a good restorer should leave fewer restoring marks, ________ the book will live hundreds of years longer. A．until B．and C．when D．or 【答案】B 【详解】句意：丁峰是南京图书馆的一名古籍修复师。他认为一个好的修复师应该留下更少的修复痕迹，这样书就能再保存几百年。 考查连词辨析。until直到；and和，而且；when当……时；or或者，否则。根据“a good restorer should leave fewer restoring marks”以及“the book will live hundreds of years longer”可知，前后句之间存在顺承和因果关系，即“留下较少的修复痕迹，(那么) 这本书就能保存得更久”。and表示顺承或结果。故选B。 (2) Today’s China is a country ________ keeps to this national character. A．what B．who C．whose D．that 【答案】D 【详解】句意：今日之中国是一个坚守这一民族品格的国家。 what什么；who谁；whose谁的；that那个。空前“a country”为先行词，指物，空后“keeps to...”为定语从句，缺主语，关系代词需在从句中作主语，指代country。that可指物并在从句中作主语，引导定语从句，符合结构。 4. 比较状语从句 (教材原句)In 1922, she flew higher than any woman had done before. 句中than any woman had done before是一个比较状语从句。其中had done是过去完成时结构，常表示表示过去某一时间或动作以前已经发生或完成了的动作或存在的状态。此句中表示“在她飞行之前” 过去更早发生的动作（任何女性此前的飞行）。 5. 主语从句与it形式主语 (教材原句)It is said that Mozi was a soldier,good at woodwork, and was the inventor of the kite. (教材原句)It was important to him that everyone should show the same kindness and care to everyone else, whether they were family, friends, or strangers. 这两句中句首的it都用作形式主语，真正的主语是后面的that从句（主语从句）。 it作形式主语，代替主语从句的常用句型有： · It is+过去分词+that... It is said / reported/ believed/... that... 据说.../据报道.../人们认为... · It is+形容词+that... It is important/possible/clear/... that... ...是重要的/可能的/显然的/... It is+名词+that... It is a pity/a surprise/ a fact that... 遗憾的是.../令人惊喜的是.../事实是... 如：It is believed that this great thinker’s spirit lives on.人们相信这位伟大思想家的精神永世 长存。 It is a fact that the successful development of socialism improves people’s lives. 社会主义事业蓬勃发展改善了民生，这是事实。 [随学随练] 翻译句子 (1) 令人惊叹的是，我们竟然建造了这样伟大的一个工程。 【答案】It’s amazing that we have built such a great project. (2) 人们认为电脑是在美国发明的。 【答案】It is believed that computers were invented in America. 6. whether引导让步状语从句 (教材原句)It was important to him that everyone should show the same kindness and care to everyone else, whether they were family, friends, or strangers. 此句中whether引导了一个让步状语从句，意为“无论...，不管...”。 如：You should offer help to people, whether they are your classmates or strangers. 你应该主动帮助他人，不 管他们是同学还是陌生人。 [随学随练] 单项填空 ________ you are a football fan or not, a trip to Anfield Stadium is a visit to remember. A．Weather B．Whether C．Although D．Because 【答案】B 【详解】句意：无论你是不是足球迷，一次安菲尔德球场之旅都是值得铭记的。 Weather天气；Whether是否；Although虽然；Because因为。根据“... you are a football fan or not,”可知，此处是固定结构Whether ... or not，表达“无论是否”的含义。 4、 其他知识解析 1. 动词-ing形式作状语 He was an excellent student, entering university at the early age of 15. 此句中entering是动词-ing形式用来补充主句主语同步发生的动作，用作伴随状语。现在分词作状语，分词动作发出者必须和主句主语相同，且与主语构成主动关系。 如：He was standing by the window, reading a novel. 他站在窗户旁，读者一本小说。 [随学随练] 单项填空 “We can’t go out in this weather,” said Bob, ________ out of the window. A．looking B．to look C．looked D．having looked 【答案】A 【详解】句意：鲍勃看着窗外说：“这样的天气我们不能出去。” 句中主语Bob与look之间是主动关系，且“看”的动作与“说”的动作同时进行，所以用现在分词形式作伴随状语。 2. more than用法 Zhong Yang left behind more than just a huge collection of seeds. 此句中more than可译为“不仅仅，不只是”。more than常见用法如下： · “more than+数词”表示“超过...，多于...”。 There are more than 300 people. 有超过300人。 · “more than+名词”表示“不只是，不仅仅”。 He is more than a teacher. 他不仅仅是一名老师。 · “more than+形容词/副词”表示“十分，非常”。 I'm more than happy to take you there in my car. 我非常乐意用我的车带你去那儿。 · “more than+从句”时，more是many/much的比较级，than引导一个比较状语从句，可省略谓语或主谓语。 He loves his dog than his mother (does). 他比他的妈妈更爱他的狗。 此外还可以构成“more...than...”结构，用法如下： · “more...than...”用于比较，more是many和much的比较级，more修饰名词。 Tom has more books than David (does). 汤姆比大卫拥有更多的书。 · “more...than...”表示“与其说(是)...，倒不如说(是)...”，可以和形容词，名词，代词，动词，介词短语并用。 She is more a singer than an actress. 与其说她是个演员，不如说是个歌唱家。 He is more hard-working than clever. 与其说他聪明，不如说他很勤奋。 [随学随练] 用more翻译或补全下列句子。 (1) 越来越多的外国人对中国文化感兴趣。 More and more foreigners become interested in Chinese culture. (2) 我们将在北京再多待三天。 We’ll stay in Beijing for three more days. (3) 超过20名学生想要加入戏剧社团。 More than 20 students want to join the drama club. (4) 此外，上课认真听讲是非常重要的。 What’s more ,listening carefully in class in very important. (5) 我很高兴再次见到你。 I’m more than glad to meet you again. (6) 与其说他是个厨师，不如说他是个艺术家。 He is more an artist than a cook. 3. “one of +the+形容词最高级+复数名词”结构 To me, one of the most inspiring people in Chinese history is Mozi. one of the most inspiring people是一个“one of +the+形容词最高级+复数名词”结构，此结构是最高级的常用结构之一，表示“最...的...之一”。 如：He is one of the most well-respected inventors in history.他是历史上最受人敬重的发明家之一。 [随学随练] 单项填空 Beijing Botanical Garden is one of ________ botanical gardens in China. A．large B．larger C．largest D．the largest 【答案】D 【详解】句意：北京植物园是中国最大的植物园之一。 “one of+the+形容词最高级+复数名词”为固定结构，意为“最……的……之一”，故应用the largest。 5、 知识过关练习 1. 词汇填空  根据据提示填写正确形式的单词，每空一词。 (1) In the biology class, we learned some ________ (科学的) ways to take care of the plants. 【答案】scientific 【详解】句意：在生物课上，我们学习了一些照料植物的科学方法。根据空后名词“ways”可知，此处需要用形容词来修饰名词；结合中文提示“科学的”，对应的英文形容词是scientific，在句中作定语。故填scientific。 (2) It took us the ________ (整个，全部) afternoon to complete this DIY project. 【答案】whole 【详解】句意：我们花了整个下午来完成这个DIY项目。根据汉语提示可知，whole“整个的，全部的”，形容词，在此处修饰可数名词单数afternoon，表示“整个下午”。故填whole。 (3) There are three ________ (银行) in my hometown. 【答案】banks 【详解】句意：我的家乡有三家银行。数词three后接可数名词复数，“银行”的英文是bank，复数形式为banks，符合语境。 (4) The ________ (收藏品) in the museum are amazing. 【答案】collections 【详解】句意：博物馆里的收藏品非常令人惊叹。“收藏品”对应的英文是“collection”，根据“are”可知此处用名词复数形式作主语。故填collections。 (5) Space ________ (探索) helps humans know more about other planets. 【答案】exploration 【详解】句意：太空探索帮助人类更多地了解其他行星。根据句子结构可知，横线处需填名词作主语，探索“explore”，动词，其名词形式为exploration。故填exploration。 (6) Now we have a chance to find out the secrets of the ________ (宇宙) . 【答案】universe 【详解】句意：现在我们有机会去发现宇宙的奥秘。 中文提示“宇宙”对应的英文为universe。 (7) The two boys found a big ________ (洞) in the garden. 【答案】hole 【详解】句意：这两个男孩在花园里发现了一个大洞。 不定冠词a后接可数名词单数，结合中文提示“洞”，填单数名词hole，作动词found的宾语。 (8) The great ________ (发明家) spent years studying AI technology. 【答案】inventor 【详解】句意：那位伟大的发明家花费了多年时间研究人工智能技术。根据汉语提示可知，应填名词inventor，且前面有the great修饰，故用单数形式。 (9) I went through a happy p________ (时期) when I was with my grandparents. 【答案】period/eriod 【详解】句意：我和祖父母在一起时度过了一段快乐的时光。不定冠词a修饰名词单数，根据首字母和汉语提示，表示“时期”的单词是“period”，是可数名词，故填period。 (10) We should offer ________ (友善) to people around us. 【答案】kindness 【详解】句意：我们应该对身边的人友善相待。动词offer后接名词作宾语，“友善”对应的英文名词是kindness，为不可数名词，符合语法要求。 (11) I’m wondering ________(是否) we can go and watch it together. 【答案】whether 【详解】句意：我想知道我们是否能一起去观看它。动词wondering后接宾语从句，表示“是否”。 “是否”对应的英文为whether，引导宾语从句，从句语序用陈述语序。 (12) Tom will go to another country. We wish him happiness and health ________ (永远). 【答案】forever 【详解】句意：汤姆将要去另一个国家。我们祝愿他永远幸福健康。“永远”对应的副词为“forever”，修饰动词wish。 (13) I want to buy two _________ (收音机) for my grandparents, so they can listen to the news (听新闻) in the morning. 【答案】radios 【详解】句意：我想给爷爷奶奶买两台收音机，这样他们早上就可以听新闻了。radio“收音机”，two后接复数名词，故填radios。 (14) My mother asked me to continue without her, but I refused to ________ her ________ (把……丢下) . 【答案】 leave behind 【详解】句意：我妈妈让我丢下她继续前行，但我拒绝把她丢下。leave…behind“把……丢下”，动词短语；refused to do sth“拒绝做某事”，固定用法，此处使用动词原形。 (15) Mary’s parents have three ________ (女儿), and she is the youngest one. 【答案】daughters 【详解】句意：玛丽的父母有三个女儿，她是最小的一个。“女儿”的英文表达是daughter，它是可数名词。three后接可数名词复数形式。daughter的复数形式是daughters。 (16) Many young people like to take a ________ (航班) to Sanya for winter vacation. 【答案】flight 【详解】句意：许多年轻人喜欢乘飞机去三亚过寒假。根据汉语提示可知，flight“航班”，可数名词。空格前有不定冠词“a”，故用单数形式。take a flight“乘飞机”。 2. 单句语法填空 用所给词的正确形式填空或者根据句意填写适当的单词使句意通顺。 (1) The Eden Project has an amazing ________ (collect) of plants from all over the world. 【答案】collection 【详解】句意：伊甸园工程拥有一个来自世界各地的令人惊叹的植物收藏。“an amazing”为“冠词+形容词”，后需接名词单数作宾语，collect的名词单数形式为collection。 (2) Thomas Edison was a great ________ (invent) who created the light bulb. 【答案】inventor 【详解】句意：托马斯·爱迪生是一位伟大的发明家，他发明了电灯泡。此处是名词作表语，表示一个“发明家”，invent为动词，其名词形式为inventor“发明家”。 (3) Mencius is a great _________ (think) in China. 【答案】thinker 【详解】句意：孟子是中国伟大的思想家。主语为Mencius，此处是说“思想家”。故填thinker。 (4) __________ (kind) and understanding can bridge the divide in our society. 【答案】Kindness 【详解】句意：善良与理解能够弥合社会中的隔阂。句子缺少主语，需要用名词。kind对应的名词是kindness“善良”，置于句首，首字母大写。 (5) Many people think lions are one of the ________ (brave) animals in the world. 【答案】bravest 【详解】句意：许多人认为狮子是世界上最勇敢的动物之一。根据“one of the...animals”和提示词汇可知，“one of the+形容词最高级+可数名词复数”表示“最……的……之一”，空处需填形容词brave“勇敢的”的最高级bravest。故填bravest。 (6) It is important for us ________ (save) money every month. 【答案】to save 【详解】句意：对我们来说每个月存钱是很重要的。固定句型：It is+形容词+for sb. to do sth. 意为“对某人来说做某事是……的”，其中It是形式主语，真正的主语是后面的动词不定式。所以这里的动词save需要变成to save。 (7) ________ (social) is an important political idea in some countries. 【答案】Socialism 【详解】句意：在一些国家，社会主义是一种重要的政治思想。此处需要一个名词作主语，social的名词形式是socialism，意为“社会主义”，首字母大写。 (8) China has made great progress in space ________ (explore) in recent years. 【答案】exploration 【详解】句意：近些年，中国在太空探索方面取得了很大的进步。此处使用搭配make progress in sth.，介词“in”后面需要接名词或名词性短语，表示“在某方面取得进步”；“in space”提示可填入名词短语，explore的名词形式是exploration，构成space exploration作介词“in”的宾语，符合语境。 (9) We need to do some ________ (science) experiments to test the idea. 【答案】scientific 【详解】句意：我们需要做一些科学实验来验证这个想法。括号内单词science是名词，意为“科学”；空格后为名词experiments（实验），此处需要填入形容词scientific作定语，修饰后面的名词。 (10) Sandy could look after ________ (she) when she was only five years old. 【答案】herself 【详解】句意：桑迪在只有五岁时就能照顾自己。look after后接反身代词表示“照顾某人自己”，主语Sandy为女性，故填herself。 (11) The old man asked the police ________ there is a bank near this park. 【答案】if/whether 【详解】句意：老人问警察这个公园附近是否有银行。结合句子结构可知这是一个宾语从句，“The old man asked the police”为主句，从句为“there is a bank near this park”。从句结构完整，不缺少成分，而“asked”表明是在询问，所以从句需要表达“是否”的含义。在宾语从句中，表达“是否”可以用if或whether。故填if/whether。 (12) His story is ________ (inspire) and encourages many young people to pursue their dreams. 【答案】inspiring 【详解】句意：他的故事是鼓舞人心的，并且鼓励许多年轻人追求他们的梦想。inspire“激励，鼓舞”，动词；此处主语是story，用形容词inspiring表示“鼓舞人心的”。故填inspiring。 (13) This website provides users ______ the latest news and information every day. 【答案】with 【详解】句意：这个网站每天为用户提供最新的新闻和信息。根据原文“provides users ... the latest news and information”可知，provide sb. with sth.是固定用法，意为“为某人提供某物”。故填with。 (14) The great ________ (biology) spends his lifetime studying living things. 【答案】biologist 【详解】句意：这位伟大的生物学家毕生都在研究生物。句子缺少主语，且后面的谓语动词为spends，因此需要一个表示人的可数名词单数。biology是学科名词，意为“生物学”，对应的职业名词为biologist，符合语境，应填biologist。 (15) It ________ (say) that tea was discovered by accident in ancient China. 【答案】is said 【详解】句意：据说茶是古代中国偶然发现的。say意为“说”，是动词。It is said that...为固定句型，表示“据说……”。 (16) We should avoid ________ (make) careless mistakes in the coming exam. 【答案】making 【详解】句意：我们应该在即将到来的考试中避免犯粗心的错误。在英语中，动词avoid后面如果要接动作，需要用动名词（doing形式），构成固定搭配avoid doing sth.，意思是“避免做某事”。这里的动词是make，所以要变成动名词形式making。 3. 单项填空 (1) China’s icebreaker, Xuelong 2(雪龙2号), set off on Tuesday from Shanghai for the country’s 38th ________ expedition(考察) in Antarctic(南极). A．humorous B．scientific C．successful D．convenient 【答案】B 【详解】句意：中国的破冰船，雪龙二号，在周二从上海启程前往南极执行第三十八次科学考察任务。 考查形容词。humorous幽默的；scientific科学的；successful成功的；convenient方便的。根据“expedition(考察) in Antarctic(南极).”可知，此处是南极的科学考察任务。故选B。 (2) —Every time I finish an exam, I worry about the results. —Take it easy! Grades are not our ________ life. A．all B．whole C．both D．total 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——每次我完成考试，我都担心成绩。——别紧张！成绩并不是我们生活的全部。 考查形容词辨析。all全都；whole整个的；both两者都；total总共的。根据“Grades are not our...life”可知成绩不是我们生活的全部，修饰名词用形容词whole。故选B。 (3) The astronauts are preparing for a new ________ of the moon. A．curiosity B．doubt C．agreement D．exploration 【答案】D 【详解】句意：宇航员正在为一次新的月球探索做准备。 考查名词辨析。curiosity好奇心；doubt怀疑；agreement协议；exploration探索。根据“are preparing for a new...of the moon”可知，宇航员准备去月球，应是一次探索任务。故选D。 (4) —Who taught your sister to paint? —No one. She learned it all by ________. A．her B．hers C．herself D．she 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——谁教你妹妹画画的？——没有人。她完全是自学的。 her她/她的；hers她的；herself她自己；she她。根据“No one.”可知没有人教她，所以应是自学的，固定短语by oneself 意为“独自；靠自己”，主语是She，对应的反身代词是herself。 (5) —I don’t know why I always feel sad recently. Am I sick? —Don’t worry. Everyone has a blue ________ from time to time. A．action B．enemy C．period D．courage 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——我不知道为什么我最近总是感到悲伤。我生病了吗？——别担心。每个人都会时不时地经历一段忧郁期。 考查名词辨析。action行动；enemy敌人；period时期；courage勇气。根据“I always feel sad recently”和“ a blue ...”可知，此处指一段忧郁的时期。故选C。 (6) Zhou Li asked her father ________ he would like to ride a bike instead of driving on September 22nd, World Carfree Day. A．whether B．where C．that D．when 【答案】A 【详解】句意：周丽问她父亲是否愿意在 9 月 22 日世界无车日这天骑自行车而不是开车。 whether是否；where哪里；that无实际意义；when当……时。asked含有疑问意味，这里是在询问父亲是否愿意，应用whether引导宾语从句。故选A。 (7) The Classic of Mountains and Seas is a ________ of ancient Chinese fantasy stories. A．tradition B．collection C．condition D．station 【答案】B 【详解】句意：《山海经》是中国古代奇幻故事的合集。 tradition传统；collection合集；condition条件；station车站。根据常识可知，《山海经》收录了许多古代奇幻故事，是一部故事“合集”，collection符合语境。 (8) — Alan, I think you’ll never get that ball back. —I agree. It’s lost ________. A．suddenly B．recently C．forever D．halfway 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——艾伦，我想你永远也拿不回那个球了。——我同意。它永远消失了。 考查副词辨析。suddenly突然；recently最近；forever永远；halfway在中途。根据答语“I agree.”可知，同意对方的观点：永远也找不回自行车了。故选C。 (9) —Oh no! I ________ my phone ________ at home. I can’t call my mom. —Don’t worry. You can use mine. A．gave; away B．handed; in C．passed; on D．left; behind 【答案】D 【详解】句意：——哦不！我把手机忘在家里了。我无法给我妈妈打电话。——别担心。你可以用我的。 gave away赠送；handed in上交；passed on传递；left behind遗忘/落下。根据后句“I can’t call my mom”可知，无法打电话是因为把手机“忘在”家里了，leave sth. behind“忘记带，落下”，应填left behind。 (10) Pandas mainly _________ bamboo, so we need to protect the bamboo forests for them. A．go on B．live on C．put on D．keep on 【答案】B 【详解】句意：熊猫主要以竹子为食，所以我们需要为它们保护竹林。 go on继续；live on靠……生活；以……为主食；put on穿上；上演；keep on继续。根据“Pandas mainly... bamboo”及常识可知，熊猫的主要食物是竹子，即靠竹子生存。 (11) There are many ways to protect your eyes, but________, you’d better check your eyesight regularly (定期地). A．at all B．in all C．after all D．above all 【答案】D 【详解】句意：有很多保护眼睛的方法，但最重要的是，你最好定期检查视力。 at all丝毫；in all总共，after all毕竟；above all最重要的是。根据前句“There are many ways to...”和后句“but..., you’d better check your eyesight regularly (定期地).”，前半句提到有很多方法，后半句通过but转折，意在强调众多方法中“定期检查视力”这一条最为关键或重要。应填above all。 (12) China is home to the world’s longest high-speed rail network. The ancient dream of “travelling a thousand miles in a day” has ________. A．come out B．come away C．come true D．come down 【答案】C 【详解】句意：中国拥有世界上最长的高速铁路网，古人“日行千里”的梦想已经实现。 考查动词短语辨析。come out出现；come away离开；come true实现；come down下降。根据前文“high-speed rail network”和“The ancient dream”可知，此处应表示梦想“实现”。故选C。 4. 短文填空 阅读下面短文，根据语境、音标或所给单词的提示，在每个空格内填入一个恰当的词，要求所填的词意义准确、形式正确，使短文意思完整、行文连贯。 Respected scholar Ye Jiaying, also known as “Poetry’s Daughter,” passed away on November 24, 2024, at the age of 100. As 1 expert in Chinese classical literature, she spent her life 2 (create), studying, and teaching the beautiful art of Chinese poetry. Even in her 90s, she continued to 3 her knowledge and passion with others. From a young age, Ye had a deep interest in classical poetry and English. In college, she studied Tang and Song dynasty poetry with a famous literature professor 4 influenced her greatly. In the 1950s and 1960s, she taught at universities in Taiwan, and later moved to Canada. 5 , her love for her homeland and its poetry never faded. Starting in 1979, she 6 (begin) giving free lectures in mainland China during her holidays. In 2018 and 2019, Ye gave all her savings and the money from selling her property, 35.68 million yuan in total, to Nankai University. For her 7 (kind) and generosity (慷慨), she was awarded the “Touching China” award in 2020. Ye was not just a teacher. She was also a 8 (talent) poet and scholar. She wrote and published many books on Chinese poetry and literature, including Studies in Chinese Poetry and Jialing’s Collection of Poem Commentaries. Her work was 9 (high) praised, and she received many awards, such as the Lifetime Achievement Award for Chinese Poetry. She will be remembered 10 a great scholar, teacher, and poet, whose work will continue to inspire future generations. 【答案】 1．an 2．creating 3．share 4．who/that 5．However 6．began 7．kindness 8．talented 9．highly 10．as 【导语】本文讲述了 “诗词的女儿” 叶嘉莹毕生钻研、传授古典诗词，坚持义务讲学、捐出积蓄，凭借学识与善举广受赞誉，被世人铭记。 【详解】1．句意：作为中国古典文学领域的专家，她毕生致力于创作、研究和教授中国诗歌的优美艺术。expert为可数名词单数，首次提及，且expert以元音音素/e/开头，故用不定冠词an。 2．句意：作为中国古典文学领域的专家，她毕生致力于创作、研究和教授中国诗歌的优美艺术。spend one’s life doing sth.为固定搭配，意为“毕生做某事”，create的动名词为creating，与studying和teaching并列。 3．句意：即使在九十多岁时，她仍继续与他人分享她的知识和热情。share sth. with sb.是固定搭配，意为“和某人分享某物”；再根据“continue to do sth.”可知，空处填动词原形share。 4．句意：在大学期间，她跟随一位对她影响深远的著名文学教授学习唐宋诗歌。先行词a famous literature professor指人，且在定语从句中作主语，关系代词用who或that。 5．句意：然而，她对祖国及其诗歌的热爱从未消退。前文说她移居加拿大，后文说她的热爱从未消退，前后为转折关系，应填However (位于句首，首字母大写)。 6．句意：从1979年开始，她利用假期在中国大陆免费讲学。根据时间状语Starting in 1979，描述过去发生的动作，用一般过去时，begin的过去式为began。 7．句意：因她的善良和慷慨，她获得了2020年“感动中国”奖项。her后接名词，kind对应的名词为kindness，与generosity并列。 8．句意：她也是一位才华横溢的诗人和学者。修饰名词poet and scholar，需使用形容词，talent对应的形容词为talented。 9．句意：她的作品受到高度赞扬，她获得许多奖项，如中华诗词终身成就奖。修饰动词was praised，需用副词，high的副词为highly；highly praised为固定搭配。 10．句意：她将被铭记为一位伟大的学者、教师和诗人，她的作品将继续激励后代。be remembered as为固定搭配，意为“作为……被铭记”。 5. 翻译句子 (1) 善良是普通人最可贵的品质之一。 【答案】Kindness is one of the most valuable qualities for common people. (2) 1954年，她在巴黎安详地去世，留下了丰富的文学遗产。 【答案】In 1954, she passed away peacefully in Paris, leaving behind a rich legacy in literature. (3) 最主要的是，成为一名志愿者让我懂得了每一个生命的价值。 【答案】Above all, becoming a volunteer made me understand the value of every life. (4) 据说神农是第一个发现茶可以作为饮品的人。 【答案】It is said that Shen Nong was the first person to discover tea as a drink. (5) 无论你是否是音乐迷，利物浦(Liverpool)非常值得一游。 【答案】Whether you are a music fan or not, Liverpool is well worth visiting. (6) 青少年有必要学会勇敢地面对困难。 【答案】It is necessary for teenagers to learn to face difficulties bravely. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit 2 Inspiring People 核心知识点精讲 3 (Section B) 【主要内容】 · 【单元核心知识点精讲精练】每个单元按照教材安排分为Section A；Grammar和Section B三个部分。 · Section A部分包括本部分重点短语集锦、重点词汇解析、重难句型解析、其他知识解析等板块，核心知识点讲解中包含适当数量，多种类型的随学随练。配有“知识过关练习”，包含词汇填空、单句语法填空、单项填空、选词填空、翻译句子等题型。 · Section A部分内容思维导图如下: 1、 重点短语集锦(前标*为词汇表短语) 1. the scientific world 科学界 2. well-respected biologist 受人尊敬的生物学家 3. spend...doing... 花费…… 做某事 4. one’s whole life 人的一生；毕生 5. over the years 多年以来；这些年来 6. plant seeds 播种 7. make sure 确保；查明 8. disappear from 从…… 消失 9. be born 出生 10. show a deep love and curiosity for 对…… 饱含热爱与好奇 11. enter university 上大学；考入大学 12. at the early age of 15 年仅 15 岁时 13. become interested in 对…… 产生兴趣 14. brave the cold weather and great heights 不畏严寒与高山险阻 15. fall sick 生病 16. continue with... 继续进行…… 17. train local students 培养当地学生 18. field research 实地考察；野外研究 19. provide ... with... 为…… 提供…… 20. *leave behind 留下；遗留 21. *live on 继续存在；继续活着 22. scientific exploration 科学探索 23. hundreds of years from now 数百年之后 24. grow up 长大；成长 25. find out 查明；弄清楚 26. the successful development of socialism 社会主义事业蓬勃发展 27. the latest discoveries about black holes 关于黑洞的最新发现 28. lead sb. to do... 促使 / 引导某人做某事 29. the secrets of the universe 宇宙的奥秘 30. would love to do 想要；很乐意做某事 31. the number of... …… 的数量 32. go up 上升；增长 33. full of courage 充满勇气 34. be oneself 做自己；保持本色 35. pay for 为…… 付费；为…… 付出代价 36. be best known for 因…… 最为出名 37. on one’s own 独自；靠自己 38. come true 实现；成真 39. look up to 敬仰；钦佩 40. one of the most inspiring people 最鼓舞人心的人物之一 41. good at woodwork 擅长木工手艺 42. in fact 事实上；其实 43. *above all 最重要的是；尤其是 44. common people 普通人；民众 45. avoid attacking one another 避免相互攻击 46. build a community of a shared future for mankind 构建人类命运共同体 2、 重点词汇解析 1. scientific /ˌsaɪənˈtɪfɪk/adj. 科学(上)的 [词汇拓展] science(n.)科学；scientist(n.)科学家；scientifically(adv.)科学地 [词汇搭配] scientific research 科学研究；scientific world 科学界；scientific exploration 科学探索 [词汇例句] We need more scientific methods to study the universe. 我们需要更多科学的方法去研究宇宙。 [随学随练] 用适当形式填空 (1) The ________ (science) experiments are very important for space research. (2) My brother wants to be a great ________ (science) in the future. (3) My favorite subject is ________ (science). 2. whole /həʊl/adj. 所有的；完全的；n.整体，整个 [词汇拓展] wholly(adv.)完全地；wholeness(n.)完整 [词汇搭配] my whole family 我全家人；a whole day一整天；a whole lot (of...)非常；很多，大量... as a whole作为一个整体；on the whole总的来说，大体上 [词汇例句] He spent the whole day writing. 他整整写了一天。 There were a whole lot of people I didn't know.有许多人我都不认识。 [词汇辨析] · whole与all修饰单数可数名词或者抽象名词时，可互换使用，但是词的顺序不一样。all放在the, this, that, my, your等词的前面，whole则放在这些词的后面。 all the afternoon整个下午 the whole afternoon 整个下午 · 用在名词复数前时意义不同，all指“全部的...”，whole指“整个的...”。 Whole buildings have been destroyed 意思是一些大楼被整栋摧毁了。 All the buildings have been destroyed 意思是所有建筑物都被摧毁了。 · all可以修饰物质名词，而whole不能。 He ate all the food. 他吃了所有的食物。(不能用whole) [随学随练] 单项填空。 (1) She ate ______the vegetables, because it rained for a ______day. A．whole; all B．all; all C．whole; whole D．all; whole (2) It took her________afternoon to check out________information. A．the whole;the all B．the whole;all the C．whole;all the D．whole;the all 3. bank /bæŋk/n. 银行；河岸 [词汇拓展] banker(n.)银行家；banknote(n.)纸币 [词汇搭配] seed bank种子银行；go to the bank 去银行；bank card 银行卡 [词汇例句] He jumped in and swam to the opposite bank.他跳下水，游到对岸。 [随学随练] 单项填空 To manage our money well, we should make a _______ first. A．bank B．budget C．beauty D．block 4. collection /kəˈlekʃn/n. 收集物；收藏品 [词汇拓展] collect(v.)收集；collector(n.)收藏家；collective(adj.)集体的 [词汇搭配] a huge collection of 大量的种子收藏；art collection 艺术藏品 [词汇用法] · collection可以表示“一批收藏品，某人的收藏物”，还可以表示“作品集” 如：his private collection他的私人收藏 a collection of short stories 短篇小说集 · a collection of 可以表示“一批，一群”。 如：a collection of books一堆书 a strange collection of runners一群稀奇古怪的跑步者 · collection也可以表示“收藏”的行为，常用作不可数名词。 如：do seed collection and research做种子搜集和研究工作 [随学随练] 单项填空 My brother started ______ stamps when he was 8. Now he has a valuable ______. A．collect; collecting B．collecting; collection C．collection; collect D．collected; collects 5. exploration /ˌekspləˈreɪʃn/n. 探索 [词汇拓展] explore(v.)探索；explorer(n.)探险家 [词汇搭配] scientific exploration 科学探索；space exploration 太空探索 [词汇例句] The exploration of the universe never stops. 对宇宙的探索从未停止。 [随学随练] 用适当形式填空 (1) By ________(explore) the ancient villages in southern Anhui, you can learn about the special Hui culture. (2) The ________ (explore) spent two years traveling through the rainforest and recording rare plants. (3) The ________ (explore) of the deep sea is a very exciting scientific activity. 6. universe /ˈjuːnɪvɜːs/n. 宇宙 [词汇拓展] universal(adj.)普遍的；全体的；universally(adv.)普遍地 [词汇搭配] the secrets of the universe 宇宙的奥秘；the whole universe 整个宇宙 [词汇例句] Scientists are looking for the secrets of the universe. 科学家们正在探寻宇宙的奥秘。 [随学随练] 单项填空 So far scientists haven’t found any other planets for humans to live in the ________. A．condition B．system C．universe D．spaceship 7. socialism /ˈsəʊʃəlɪzəm/n. 社会主义 [词汇拓展] social(adj.)社会的；socialist(adj.)社会主义的；(n.)社会主义者；society(n.)社会 capitalism(n.)资本主义 [词汇搭配] the successful development of socialism 社会主义事业蓬勃发展 socialism with Chinese characteristics 中国特色社会主义 [词汇例句] We are proud of the development of socialism in our country. 我们为我国社会主义的发展感到 自豪。 8. hole /həʊl/n. 洞；孔 [词汇搭配] black holes 黑洞；dig a hole挖个洞；in a hole 处于困境 [词汇例句] He dug a deep hole in the garden. 他在花园里挖了个深坑。 [随学随练] 单项填空 The use of China’s first home-built ocean drilling (钻探) ship shows a big ________ forward in China’s deep sea exploring. A．hole B．flag C．bridge D．step 9. herself /hɜːˈself; həˈself/pron. 她自己；她本人 [词汇拓展] she(主格代词)她；her(宾格代词)她；(形容词性物主代词)她的 hers(名词性物主代词)她的所有物 myself我自己；yourself你自己；himself他自己 [词汇搭配] be herself 做她自己； by herself 她独自，单独 [词汇例句] She finished all the field research by herself. 她独自完成了全部野外考察。 [随学随练] 用适当形式填空 (1) This is my cousin. ________ (she) name is Amy. (2) Wang Han looks up at Ms Chen. His eyes meet ________ (she) and his mouth feels dry. (3) Let ________ (she) help you with your study. (4) She bought ________ (she) a new dress as a birthday gift. 10. inventor /ɪnˈventə(r)/n. 发明家 [词汇拓展] invent(v.)发明；invention(n.)发明；创造 [词汇搭配] a great inventor 伟大的发明家；a famous inventor 知名发明家 [词汇例句]The well-respected inventor loved scientific exploration from childhood. 这位受人尊敬的发明家 从小热爱科学探索。 [随学随练] 用适当形式填空 (1) Bi Sheng was a great ________ (invent) in ancient China. (2) The telephone is a wonderful ________ (invent) and it has changed the way we live. (3) Alexander Graham Bell ________ (invent) the telephone in 1876. 11. thinker /ˈθɪŋkə(r)/n. 思想家 [词汇拓展] think(v.)思考；thought(n.)思想；想法；thoughtful(adj.)体贴的 [词汇搭配] a wise thinker 睿智的思想家；one of the greatest thinkers 最伟大的思想家之一 [词汇例句] People will look up to this great thinker forever. 人们会永远敬仰这位伟大的思想家。 [随学随练] 单项填空 Confucius was a great ________. His ________ are spread all over the world. A．think; thoughts B．thought; thinkers C．thinker; think D．thinker; thoughts 12. period /ˈpɪəriəd/n. 时期；一段时间；节，课 [词汇拓展] periodic(adj.)周期性的 [词汇搭配] during the Warring States Period在战国时期；a free/study period 自习课 a period of uncertainty 形式不明朗的时间 [词汇例句] ‘What do you have next period?’ ‘French.’ “你下一节是什么课？”“法语。” [随学随练] 单项填空 —I heard you were in a difficult ________ last year. —Yes, but I got through it with my family’s support. A．period B．place C．choice D．result 13. kindness /ˈkaɪndnəs/n. 善良 [词汇拓展] kind(adj.)善良的；kindly(adv.)友善地 [词汇搭配] show kindness to people 待人友善；treat sb. with kindness 待人体贴 [词汇用法] · kindness表示“善良，仁慈，体贴”，用作不可数名词。 Kindness is never wasted. 善意永远不会白费。 · kindness也可以用作可数名词，表示“友好/善良/仁慈的举动”。 I can never repay your many kindnesses to me. 我无法报答你对我无微不至的关怀。 [随学随练] 单项填空 Zhang Guimei is a great woman, and she always helps poor girls in the villages. Because of her ________, most of these children can go back to school again. A．happiness B．kindness C．illness D．carelessness 14. whether /ˈweðə(r)/conj. 是否 [词汇用法] · whether可用于引导宾语从句，表示“是否”，可与if互换使用，不过以下情况只用whether： 引导的从句作介词宾语；直接与or not连用时；直接与or not连用时。 I wonder if/whether she likes rock music.我想知道她是否喜欢摇滚音乐。 I don’t know whether or not he will arrive on time.我不知道他是否会准时到达。 · whether还可以表示“不管......(还是);或者......(或者)”可与or(not)连用，引导让步状语从句。 Whether you like sports or not, you should keep on exercising.不管你是否喜欢运动，你都应该坚持锻炼。 [随学随练] 单项填空 Xiao Hong wonders ________ she will be able to visit the Palace Museum again with her friends next year. A．whether B．where C．what D．who 3、 重难句型解析 1. 被动语态与同位语从句 (教材原句)On 25 September 2017, the scientific world was shaken by the news that Chinese professor Zhong Yang had died in a car accident. · 句中was shaken是由“be+动词过去分词”构成的被动语态结构，表示“被震惊”。被动语态结构中be动词会根据时态进行相应变化，如will be done表示“一般将来时的被动语态”；have been done表示“现在完成时的被动语态”等。 如：The wall has been taken down. 墙已经被拆了。 · 句中that Chinese professor Zhong Yang had died in a car accident是that 引导同位语从句，解释说明抽象名词 the news 的具体内容。常跟在news,fact,idea,doubt等后解释说明其具体的内容。 同位语从句与定语从句不同，同位语从句起解释说明的作用，而定语从句只是起到修饰限定的作用。且 that引导同位语从句时不充当从句成分，而that引导定语从句，用作关系代词时要充当从句的主干成分。 如：The news that Tom told us surprised us all. (定语从句) The news that our class won the game excited us all. (同位语从句) [随学随练] 单项填空 (1) —The environment of this town is better now. — That’s because lots of trees ________ here many years ago. A．are planted B．will be planted C．were planted D．planted (2) —Have they planned to build a new hospital? —Yes. A new hospital ________ next month. A．was built B．has been built C．will be built D．is built (3) There is no doubt ________ reading English stories every day helps improve our vocabulary. A．that B．if C．whether D．which 2. It is+adj.+to do句型 (教材原句)It is important for seed banks to include many different kinds of seeds. (教材原句)It was very difficult for him to brave the cold weather and great heights. 这两个句子中it都是形式主语，真正的主语是后面的不定式。 在这个句型中，动词不定式前可以加for引导的短语，表示不定式的逻辑主语。 如：It was very difficult for us to win the competition. 赢得这场比赛对我们来说十分艰难。 [随学随练] 翻译句子 (1) 帮助我的同学做作业是很棒的。 (2) 对我们来说，多了解中国传统艺术很重要。 3. 并列句与定语从句 (教材原句)My students will continue on the road of scientific exploration and the seeds we have collected may grow hundreds of years from now. 本句中My students will continue on the road of scientific exploration和the seeds we have collected may grow hundreds of years from now由and连接成了并列句。在后一个分句中又包含了一个定语从句we have collected（修饰the seeds），此定语从句省略了关系词that/which。 [随学随练] 单项填空 (1) Ding Feng is an ancient book restorer (修复师) at Nanjing Library. He thinks a good restorer should leave fewer restoring marks, ________ the book will live hundreds of years longer. A．until B．and C．when D．or (2) Today’s China is a country ________ keeps to this national character. A．what B．who C．whose D．that 4. 比较状语从句 (教材原句)In 1922, she flew higher than any woman had done before. 句中than any woman had done before是一个比较状语从句。其中had done是过去完成时结构，常表示表示过去某一时间或动作以前已经发生或完成了的动作或存在的状态。此句中表示“在她飞行之前” 过去更早发生的动作（任何女性此前的飞行）。 5. 主语从句与it形式主语 (教材原句)It is said that Mozi was a soldier,good at woodwork, and was the inventor of the kite. (教材原句)It was important to him that everyone should show the same kindness and care to everyone else, whether they were family, friends, or strangers. 这两句中句首的it都用作形式主语，真正的主语是后面的that从句（主语从句）。 it作形式主语，代替主语从句的常用句型有： · It is+过去分词+that... It is said / reported/ believed/... that... 据说.../据报道.../人们认为... · It is+形容词+that... It is important/possible/clear/... that... ...是重要的/可能的/显然的/... It is+名词+that... It is a pity/a surprise/ a fact that... 遗憾的是.../令人惊喜的是.../事实是... 如：It is believed that this great thinker’s spirit lives on.人们相信这位伟大思想家的精神永世 长存。 It is a fact that the successful development of socialism improves people’s lives. 社会主义事业蓬勃发展改善了民生，这是事实。 [随学随练] 翻译句子 (1) 令人惊叹的是，我们竟然建造了这样伟大的一个工程。 (2) 人们认为电脑是在美国发明的。 6. whether引导让步状语从句 (教材原句)It was important to him that everyone should show the same kindness and care to everyone else, whether they were family, friends, or strangers. 此句中whether引导了一个让步状语从句，意为“无论...，不管...”。 如：You should offer help to people, whether they are your classmates or strangers. 你应该主动帮助他人，不 管他们是同学还是陌生人。 [随学随练] 单项填空 ________ you are a football fan or not, a trip to Anfield Stadium is a visit to remember. A．Weather B．Whether C．Although D．Because 4、 其他知识解析 1. 动词-ing形式作状语 He was an excellent student, entering university at the early age of 15. 此句中entering是动词-ing形式用来补充主句主语同步发生的动作，用作伴随状语。现在分词作状语，分词动作发出者必须和主句主语相同，且与主语构成主动关系。 如：He was standing by the window, reading a novel. 他站在窗户旁，读者一本小说。 [随学随练] 单项填空 “We can’t go out in this weather,” said Bob, ________ out of the window. A．looking B．to look C．looked D．having looked 2. more than用法 Zhong Yang left behind more than just a huge collection of seeds. 此句中more than可译为“不仅仅，不只是”。more than常见用法如下： · “more than+数词”表示“超过...，多于...”。 There are more than 300 people. 有超过300人。 · “more than+名词”表示“不只是，不仅仅”。 He is more than a teacher. 他不仅仅是一名老师。 · “more than+形容词/副词”表示“十分，非常”。 I'm more than happy to take you there in my car. 我非常乐意用我的车带你去那儿。 · “more than+从句”时，more是many/much的比较级，than引导一个比较状语从句，可省略谓语或主谓语。 He loves his dog than his mother (does). 他比他的妈妈更爱他的狗。 此外还可以构成“more...than...”结构，用法如下： · “more...than...”用于比较，more是many和much的比较级，more修饰名词。 Tom has more books than David (does). 汤姆比大卫拥有更多的书。 · “more...than...”表示“与其说(是)...，倒不如说(是)...”，可以和形容词，名词，代词，动词，介词短语并用。 She is more a singer than an actress. 与其说她是个演员，不如说是个歌唱家。 He is more hard-working than clever. 与其说他聪明，不如说他很勤奋。 [随学随练] 用more翻译或补全下列句子。 (1) 越来越多的外国人对中国文化感兴趣。 foreigners become Chinese culture. (2) 我们将在北京再多待三天。 We’ll stay in Beijing for . (3) 超过20名学生想要加入戏剧社团。 (4) 此外，上课认真听讲是非常重要的。 (5) 我很高兴再次见到你。 (6) 与其说他是个厨师，不如说他是个艺术家。 3. “one of +the+形容词最高级+复数名词”结构 To me, one of the most inspiring people in Chinese history is Mozi. one of the most inspiring people是一个“one of +the+形容词最高级+复数名词”结构，此结构是最高级的常用结构之一，表示“最...的...之一”。 如：He is one of the most well-respected inventors in history.他是历史上最受人敬重的发明家之一。 [随学随练] 单项填空 Beijing Botanical Garden is one of ________ botanical gardens in China. A．large B．larger C．largest D．the largest 5、 知识过关练习 1. 词汇填空  根据据提示填写正确形式的单词，每空一词。 (1) In the biology class, we learned some ________ (科学的) ways to take care of the plants. (2) It took us the ________ (整个，全部) afternoon to complete this DIY project. (3) There are three ________ (银行) in my hometown. (4) The ________ (收藏品) in the museum are amazing. (5) Space ________ (探索) helps humans know more about other planets. (6) Now we have a chance to find out the secrets of the ________ (宇宙) . (7) The two boys found a big ________ (洞) in the garden. (8) The great ________ (发明家) spent years studying AI technology. (9) I went through a happy p________ (时期) when I was with my grandparents. (10) We should offer ________ (友善) to people around us. (11) I’m wondering ________(是否) we can go and watch it together. (12) Tom will go to another country. We wish him happiness and health ________ (永远). (13) I want to buy two _________ (收音机) for my grandparents, so they can listen to the news (听新闻) in the morning. (14) My mother asked me to continue without her, but I refused to ________ her ________ (把……丢下) . (15) Mary’s parents have three ________ (女儿), and she is the youngest one. (16) Many young people like to take a ________ (航班) to Sanya for winter vacation. 2. 单句语法填空 用所给词的正确形式填空或者根据句意填写适当的单词使句意通顺。 (1) The Eden Project has an amazing ________ (collect) of plants from all over the world. (2) Thomas Edison was a great ________ (invent) who created the light bulb. (3) Mencius is a great _________ (think) in China. (4) __________ (kind) and understanding can bridge the divide in our society. (5) Many people think lions are one of the ________ (brave) animals in the world. (6) It is important for us ________ (save) money every month. (7) ________ (social) is an important political idea in some countries. (8) China has made great progress in space ________ (explore) in recent years. (9) We need to do some ________ (science) experiments to test the idea. (10) Sandy could look after ________ (she) when she was only five years old. (11) The old man asked the police ________ there is a bank near this park. (12) His story is ________ (inspire) and encourages many young people to pursue their dreams. (13) This website provides users ______ the latest news and information every day. (14) The great ________ (biology) spends his lifetime studying living things. (15) It ________ (say) that tea was discovered by accident in ancient China. (16) We should avoid ________ (make) careless mistakes in the coming exam. 3. 单项填空 (1) China’s icebreaker, Xuelong 2(雪龙2号), set off on Tuesday from Shanghai for the country’s 38th ________ expedition(考察) in Antarctic(南极). A．humorous B．scientific C．successful D．convenient (2) —Every time I finish an exam, I worry about the results. —Take it easy! Grades are not our ________ life. A．all B．whole C．both D．total (3) The astronauts are preparing for a new ________ of the moon. A．curiosity B．doubt C．agreement D．exploration (4) —Who taught your sister to paint? —No one. She learned it all by ________. A．her B．hers C．herself D．she (5) —I don’t know why I always feel sad recently. Am I sick? —Don’t worry. Everyone has a blue ________ from time to time. A．action B．enemy C．period D．courage (6) Zhou Li asked her father ________ he would like to ride a bike instead of driving on September 22nd, World Carfree Day. A．whether B．where C．that D．when (7) The Classic of Mountains and Seas is a ________ of ancient Chinese fantasy stories. A．tradition B．collection C．condition D．station (8) — Alan, I think you’ll never get that ball back. —I agree. It’s lost ________. A．suddenly B．recently C．forever D．halfway (9) —Oh no! I ________ my phone ________ at home. I can’t call my mom. —Don’t worry. You can use mine. A．gave; away B．handed; in C．passed; on D．left; behind (10) Pandas mainly _________ bamboo, so we need to protect the bamboo forests for them. A．go on B．live on C．put on D．keep on (11) There are many ways to protect your eyes, but________, you’d better check your eyesight regularly (定期地). A．at all B．in all C．after all D．above all (12) China is home to the world’s longest high-speed rail network. The ancient dream of “travelling a thousand miles in a day” has ________. A．come out B．come away C．come true D．come down 4. 短文填空 阅读下面短文，根据语境、音标或所给单词的提示，在每个空格内填入一个恰当的词，要求所填的词意义准确、形式正确，使短文意思完整、行文连贯。 Respected scholar Ye Jiaying, also known as “Poetry’s Daughter,” passed away on November 24, 2024, at the age of 100. As 1 expert in Chinese classical literature, she spent her life 2 (create), studying, and teaching the beautiful art of Chinese poetry. Even in her 90s, she continued to 3 her knowledge and passion with others. From a young age, Ye had a deep interest in classical poetry and English. In college, she studied Tang and Song dynasty poetry with a famous literature professor 4 influenced her greatly. In the 1950s and 1960s, she taught at universities in Taiwan, and later moved to Canada. 5 , her love for her homeland and its poetry never faded. Starting in 1979, she 6 (begin) giving free lectures in mainland China during her holidays. In 2018 and 2019, Ye gave all her savings and the money from selling her property, 35.68 million yuan in total, to Nankai University. For her 7 (kind) and generosity (慷慨), she was awarded the “Touching China” award in 2020. Ye was not just a teacher. She was also a 8 (talent) poet and scholar. She wrote and published many books on Chinese poetry and literature, including Studies in Chinese Poetry and Jialing’s Collection of Poem Commentaries. Her work was 9 (high) praised, and she received many awards, such as the Lifetime Achievement Award for Chinese Poetry. She will be remembered 10 a great scholar, teacher, and poet, whose work will continue to inspire future generations. 5. 翻译句子 (1) 善良是普通人最可贵的品质之一。 (2) 1954年，她在巴黎安详地去世，留下了丰富的文学遗产。 (3) 最主要的是，成为一名志愿者让我懂得了每一个生命的价值。 (4) 据说神农是第一个发现茶可以作为饮品的人。 (5) 无论你是否是音乐迷，利物浦(Liverpool)非常值得一游。 (6) 青少年有必要学会勇敢地面对困难。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $