Unit 2 Inspiring People (Section A) 核心知识点精讲精练-2026-2027学年九年级英语上册单元全方位精练（新教材人教版）

该初中英语单元复习讲义以思维导图系统构建Section A知识体系，将重点短语（如“look up to sb”“come true”）、核心词汇（inspiring, admire等）、重难句型（if宾语从句、定语从句）等模块分层梳理，通过表格呈现短语中英对照，结合词汇拓展与句型解析，清晰展现知识点内在逻辑与重难点分布。 讲义亮点在于“随学随练+知识过关”的分层练习设计，如词汇模块通过适当形式填空强化词形转换，句型模块以单项填空突破语法应用，培养语言能力与思维品质。知识过关练习涵盖词汇填空、翻译句子等题型，基础学生可夯实基础，优秀学生能深化理解，为教师精准教学和学生自主复习提供有力支持。

Unit 2 Inspiring People 核心知识点精讲 1 (Section A) 【主要内容】 · 【单元核心知识点精讲精练】每个单元按照教材安排分为Section A；Grammar和Section B三个部分。 · Section A部分包括本部分重点短语集锦、重点词汇解析、重难句型解析、其他知识解析等板块，核心知识点讲解中包含适当数量，多种类型的随学随练。配有“知识过关练习”，包含词汇填空、单句语法填空、单项填空、选词填空、翻译句子等题型。 · Section A部分内容思维导图如下: 1、 重点短语集锦(前标*为词汇表短语) 1. train people to do... 训练人们做…… 2. do research in... 在…… 领域做研究 3. even though 虽然；尽管 4. *drop out (of sth) 辍学；不再参加 5. at an early age 在年幼时；小时候 6. the Chinese calendar 农历；中国历法 7. make many important discoveries 取得许多重大发现 8. the wounded soldiers 受伤的士兵 9. develop into... 发展成为……；成长为…… 10. stop the spread of diseases 阻止疾病传播 11. a balance between...and... …… 与…… 之间的平衡 12. full of courage and wisdom 充满勇气与智慧 13. teach a live class from space 从太空开展直播授课 14. *look up to sb 钦佩；仰慕 15. exchange study 交换学习 16. dream big 胸怀大志；拥有远大梦想 17. give up 放弃 18. reduce hunger 减少饥饿；缓解饥荒 19. treat...with respect 尊重地对待…… 20. *come true 实现；成为现实 21. through his efforts and hard work 凭借他的努力与辛勤付出 22. stand up for 支持；维护；为…… 挺身而出 23. in order to 为了 24. defeat his enemies 击败他的敌人 25. send sb. to do 派某人去做某事 26. return home 回家；返乡 27. run away 逃跑；逃离 28. succeed in doing... 成功做成某事 29. build relationships 建立人际关系 30. find ways to do... 找到做某事的方法 2、 重点词汇解析 1. inspiring /ɪnˈspaɪərɪŋ/adj. 鼓舞人心的；激励的 inspiration /ˌɪnspəˈreɪʃn/n. 鼓舞人心的人（或事物） [词汇拓展] inspire(v.)鼓励，激励；inspired(adj.)受到启发的；品质优秀的，能力卓越的 uninspiring(adj.)不吸引人的；不令人鼓舞的 [词汇搭配] inspiring people 鼓舞人心的人；an inspiring teacher启发能力强的教师 draw one’s inspiration from从...获得灵感 [词汇用法] · inspiration表示“鼓舞人心的人（或事物）”，用作可数名词。 Her charity work is an inspiration to us all. 她的慈善工作激励着我们大家。 · inspiration还可以表示“灵感”，用作不可数名词。 Looking for inspiration for a new dessert? Try this recipe.正在寻找制作新甜食的灵感吗？试试这份食谱吧。 [随学随练] 用的适当形式填空 (1) My biggest ________ (inspire) is my dance instructor. (2) —What the headmaster said at the graduation must have stuck in many students’ minds. — I agree. It was very ________ (inspire). (3) The two stories inspire me ________ (make) a difference. (4) In the past, the scientist’s story ________ (inspire) our parents to work harder for their dreams. 2. admire /ədˈmaɪə(r)/v. 钦佩；赞赏 admirable /ˈædmərəbl/adj. 令人钦佩的 [词汇拓展] admiration(n.)钦佩；羡慕；赞赏；admiring(adj.) 赞赏的；钦佩的；admirer(n.)钦佩者；赞赏者 [词汇搭配] admire sb. for...因...而钦佩某人 [词汇例句] Beyton is an admirable character. 贝顿是个令人钦佩的人物 [随学随练] 用admire的适当形式填空 (1) After this, people started the tradition of ________ (admire) the moon and sharing the mooncakes with their families. (2) His ________(admire) for the great leader grew as he learned more about his life. (3) Her courage to face difficulties is ________ (admire). 3. historian /hɪˈstɔːriən/n. 历史学家 [词汇拓展] history(n.)历史；历史学；historic(adj.)有重大历史意义的；historical(adj.)历史的 [词汇搭配] a famous historian一位著名历史学家 [随学随练] 用history适当形式填空 (1) We learn Chinese ________ (history) every Wednesday. (2) The well-known ________ (history) has studied ancient dynasties for 30 years. (3) I realized that the ________ (history) record was incomplete. (4) We all believe that this is a ________ (history) moment for the development of our country. 4. chemist /ˈkemɪst/n. 化学家 chemistry /ˈkemɪstri/n. 化学 [词汇拓展] chemical(adj.)化学的；(n.)化学品 [词汇搭配] a research chemist从事研究工作的化学家；a degree in chemistry化学学位 [词汇例句] He studies chemistry in a university and wants to be a chemist. 他在一所大学学化学，想成为一 名化学家。 [随学随练] 单项填空 —My favorite subject is ________. I love reading novels and poems. —Me too! Shakespeare’s plays are amazing! A．chemistry B．literature C．physics D．science 5. physicist /ˈfɪzɪsɪst/n. 物理学家 [词汇拓展] physics(n.)物理；physician(n.)医生，内科医生 physical(adj.)身体的；物质的，有形的；物理学的 [词汇搭配] a nuclear physicist 核物理学家 [词汇例句] Our school will invite a famous physicist to make a speech for us. 我们学校将会要求一位著名物 理学家为我们做演讲。 6. hunger /ˈhʌŋɡə(r)/n. 饥饿；渴望，渴求 [词汇拓展] hungry(adj.)饥饿的；渴望的 [词汇搭配] reduce hunger减少饥饿；a hunger for knowledge对知识的渴求 [词汇例句] Hunger is the body's signal that levels of blood sugar are too low.饥饿感是身体发出的信号，表示 血糖水平太低。 [随学随练] 单项填空 The delicious food made me feel ________. A．hunger B．hungry C．safe D．safety 7. discovery /dɪˈskʌvəri/n. 发现 [词汇拓展] (pl.)discoveries；discover(v.)发现 [词汇搭配] make some important discoveries做出一些重要发现 [词汇例句] I felt I'd made an incredible discovery. 我觉得我有一个天大的发现。 [随学随练] 单项填空 The scientist made a great ________ in medical research, which helped thousands of patients. A．choice B．progress C．discovery D．decision 8. century /ˈsentʃəri/n. 世纪 [词汇拓展] (pl.)centuries [词汇搭配] in the 19 th century在19世纪；eighteenth-century writers 18世纪的作家 the turn of the century世纪之交 [词汇例句] Many changes will take place in the new century.在新世纪里，将会发生许多变化。 [随学随练] 单项填空 The sad story happened two hundred years ago. A．two century B．hundreds of year C．two centuries D．second century 9. wounded /ˈwuːndɪd/adj. 受伤的；负伤的 [词汇拓展] wound(n.)伤口，伤；(v.)使（身体）受伤；（用武器）伤害；injured(adj.)受伤的 [词汇搭配] wounded soldiers受伤的士兵 [词汇辨析] wounded / injured / hurt · wounded通常指在战争受伤的，受到武器伤害的；也可用于表示思想或感情上受伤的。 I think she feels desperately wounded and unloved.我想她觉得受到了莫大的伤害，无人爱她。 · injured通常指因事故，意外等而受伤了，强调身体部位受到了某种程度的损伤；也可以表示感情受到伤害的。 Three people were injured in the crash. 撞车事故中有三人受伤。 · hurt表示在事故中受到伤害，强调引起了身体的疼痛；也可以表示感情上受伤的。 None of the passengers were badly hurt .乘客中没有人严重受伤。 She was deeply hurt that she had not been invited. 她未被邀请，感到十分难过。 [随学随练] 单项填空 The ________ soldier was sent to the hospital quickly, and his ________ actions in the fire were praised by everyone. A．wounded; heroic B．wound; hero C．wounding; heroine D．wounded; hero 10. nation /ˈneɪʃn/n. 国家；民族；国民 [词汇拓展] national(adj.)国家的，民族的；international(adj.)国际的；country(n.)国家 [词汇搭配] a modern nation一个现代化国家；the African nations非洲各国；the United Nations联合国 [词汇例句] His century-long journey of exploration and love for his nation left a bright mark on human history. 他长达一个世纪的探索之旅以及对祖国的热爱，在人类历史上留下了鲜明的印记。 [随学随练] 单项填空 Yang Liwei is our ______ hero, and he ______ Chinese people. A．nation; is pride of B．national; is the pride of C．national; takes pride in D．nation; is proud of 11. spread /spred/ v. 传播，散布；扩散，蔓延；展开，打开；摊开；张开，伸开；涂，敷；n. 传播，散布；涉及区域，活动范围 [词汇拓展] <过去式>spread；<过去分词>spread [词汇搭配] stop the spread of diseases阻止疾病的传播 [随学随练] 写出下列句子中spread的中文意思 (1) Sue spread the map out on the floor. (2) She spread her arms and the child ran towards her. (3) Use of computers spread rapidly during that period. (4) Fire spread rapidly after a chemical truck exploded(爆炸). (5) Thanks to the spread of modern technology, trained workers are now more important than ever. (6) He slowly spread the butter on the bread. (7) The company has a good geographical spread of hotels in this country. 12. balance /ˈbæləns/n.平衡；v. 保持平衡 [词汇拓展] balanced(adj.)均衡的，平衡的；imbalance(n.)失衡；不平衡 [词汇搭配] a balance between...and... ...与...之间的平衡；a good sense of balance良好的平衡感 on balance总的来说 [词汇例句] Try to keep a balance between work and relaxation. 尽量保持工作与休闲均衡。 How long can you balance on one leg? 你单腿能站多久？ [随学随练] 单项填空 — What’s wrong with Timmy’s leg? — He cycled round the corner, lost his ________ and fell off. A．tool B．value C．balance D．interest 13. courage /ˈkʌrɪdʒ/n. 勇气；勇敢 [词汇拓展] encourage(v.)鼓励；discourage(v.)使气馁；courageous(adj.)勇敢的;有胆量的;无畏的 [词汇搭配] full of courage充满勇气；pick up courage鼓起勇气 [词汇例句] I was deeply moved by her courage and independent spirit.她的勇气和独立精神深深地打动了 我。 [随学随练] 单项填空 — Kate is just a primary school student, but she is quite a brave girl. — Yes. She has the ________ to face all the difficulties in her life. A．cause B．choice C．courage D．control 14. wisdom /ˈwɪzdəm/n. 智慧；学问 [词汇拓展] wise(adj.)智慧的，聪明的；wisely(adv.)智慧地，聪明地 [词汇搭配] full of wisdom充满智慧；a woman of great wisdom才女 [词汇例句] I question the wisdom of giving a child so much money.我对给孩子这么多钱是否明智怀有疑问。 [随学随练] 用适当形式填空 (1) The ________ (wise) of managing money is very important in our life. (2) The more you read, the ________ (wise) you will be. (3) Can you give me some advice on how to spend money ________ (wise)? 15. brave /breɪv/ adj.勇敢的；无畏的；v. 勇敢面对；经受 (困难) [词汇拓展] bravely(adv.)勇敢地；bravery(v.)勇敢 [词汇搭配] a brave man一个勇敢的人；brave icy rain冒雨 put on a brave face/put a brave face on sth强装自信快乐；佯装满不在乎 [词汇例句] I wasn't brave enough to tell her what I thought of her. 我当时没有勇气告诉她我对她的看法。 [随学随练] 用适当形式填空 (1) The firefighters are fighting the fire ________ (brave). (2) We should learn to be ________ (brave) to fight against difficulties in our life. (3) He showed great ________ (brave) in the rescue activity. 16. necessary /ˈnesəsəri/adj.必要的；必需的 [词汇拓展] necessarily(adv.) 必然地；不可避免地；necessity(n.)必需品；必要，需要 unnecessary(adj.)不需要的；不必要的 [词汇搭配] if necessary如果有必要的话 [词汇例句] It may be necessary to buy a new one.也许有必要买个新的了。 [随学随练] 单项填空 Nowadays, it is still ________ for us to read, as good reads help us find who we are. A．necessary B．expensive C．convenient D．useless 3、 重难句型解析 1. if引导宾语从句 (教材原句)... created a test to see if a computer could really think like a person. 此句中if a computer....a person是一个宾语从句。if引导宾语从句时，意为“是否”，可用whether替换。但以下情况，一般用whether，不用if：与or not直接连用；在介词之后作宾语时；后接动词不定式时. 如：I wonder if /whether you can help me solve the problem.我想知道你能否帮我解决这个难题。 I don't know whether or not he will come.我不知道他是否会来。（此句不用if） [随学随练] 单项填空 Mum, I want to know ________ I can go out with friends if it ________ rain tomorrow. A．if; won’t B．when; won’t C．if; doesn’t D．when; doesn’t 2. 定语从句 (教材原句)Who is the person you admire the most? (教材原句)Victor Hugo stood up for the common people he cared about. 第一句中的you admire the most和第二句中的he cared about都是定语从句，且都省略了关系词。 第一句完整形式为who/whom/that you admire the most；第二句完整形式为who/whom/that he cared about。 关系代词在定语从句中充当宾语时，可以省略。 如：Who is the friend you trust deeply? 你十分信任的那个朋友是谁？ [随学随练] 单项填空 Mr. Clark is a successful person ________ many people admire. They hope to learn from him. A．why B．how C．when D．whom 3. It’s +adj.+ to do句型 (教材原句)It was very creative of him to design it. (教材原句)It was difficult for women to do that kind of work back in those days. 这两个句子都是It’s+adj.+to do结构句型，其中it是形式主语，真正的主语是后面的不定式。 此句型可以做以下拓展： · 当adj.修饰事物时，形容词后加for sb.变成“It is+adj.+ for sb.+ to do ...”表示“对于某人来说，做...是...样的”。 · 当adj.修饰人物时，形容词后加of sb.变成“It is+adj.+ of sb.+ to do ...”表示“某人做...是...样的”。 如：It is important for teenagers to learn a foreign language. 对于青少年来说，学习一门外语是很重要的。 It was kind of you to share with me some tips. 你和我分享了一些建议，你真好。 [随学随练] 单项填空 (1) It’s clever ________ you to find out the truth. A．for B．of C．to D．with (2) I think it’s pleasant __________ snowballs on a snowy day. A．playing B．played C．to play D．play 4. 被动语态 (教材原句)Unfortunately, Zhang Qian was caught by the enemy. (教材原句)Later, he was sent to these places again to build relationships. 句中的was caught和was sent是由“be+过去分词”构成的被动语态结构，其中be动词跟随时态进行变化。 如：This bridge was built in 2010. 这座桥建于 2010 年。 [随学随练] 单项填空 The old cinema in our town ________ into a new library last month. Now we can read books there. A．is turned B．was turned C．turns D．turned 4、 其他知识解析 1. 不定式作定语 (教材原句)She was also the first woman to teach a live class from space. (教材原句)However, around 10 years later, he got a chance to run away, ... 第一句中to teach a live class from space修饰前面的the first woman;第二句中to run away修饰前面名词a chance。两句中的不定式都用作后置定语。以下情况，常用不定式作定语： · 一些名词如way(方式), place(地方), ability(能力)，chance(机会),plan(计划), hope(希望),dream(梦想)等名词后常用不定时作定语 如：Everyone is born with the ability to learn. 人人天生具有学习的能力。 · 当名词前有最高级，序数词，表唯一性的词修饰时，常用不定式作后置定语。 如：He is the best person to do this job. 他是做这份工作的最佳人选。 [随学随练] 单项填空 (1) —What do you usually do in your free time? —I enjoy practicing paper cutting after school. It’s a great way ________ myself. A．relax B．relaxing C．to relax D．relaxed (2) The library is a nice place ________ books. A．finds B．find C．finding D．to find 2. 不定式作宾补 (教材原句)In order to help defeat his enemies, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty sent Zhang Qian to find the Yuezhi people. · 此句中to find the Yuezhi people跟在sent Zhangjian后补充说明，作宾语补足语。常用跟带to不定式作宾补的动词有：invite,encourage,wish,expect,force,cause,remind等。 如：The teacher encourages us to exercise more. 老师鼓励我们多锻炼。 · 句中in order to help...相当于to help...，表示目的。 如：(In order) to pass the exam, he reviewed all his notes. 为了通过考试，他复习了所有笔记。 [随学随练] 单项填空 (1) The art teacher advises us ________ the beautiful sunset with our brushes. A．paint B．painted C．painting D．to paint (2) Before the show, Bob reminded me ________ two tickets online so that we could sit together. A．booking B．to book C．don’t book D．to not book 5、 知识过关练习 1. 词汇填空  根据据提示填写正确形式的单词，每空一词。 (1) Her ________ (鼓舞人心的) story made everyone believe that dreams can come true. (2) We all ________ (钦佩) the hard-working scientists around us. (3) Those learned ___________ are all from Beijing University. (历史学家) (4) Yang Yu taught ________ (化学)at a high school in a small town in Qinghai Province. (5) Marie Curie was one of the greatest ________ (物理学家) in the world. (6) His achievements have helped solve the problem of ________ (饥饿) for many people. (7) Many ________ (发现) are made when people travel far away. (8) The Grand Canal, which runs through eight provinces, has a history of more than 25 ________ (世纪). (9) There were many w________ (受伤的) soldiers in the war. (10) China is a great ________ (国家) with a long history. (11) Just as the old saying goes that bad news _________ (传播) fast. (12) As a student, Chen needs to find a ________ (平衡) between schoolwork and hobbies. (13) Sue showed great ________ (勇气) throughout her illness and now she has recovered. (14) Through hard work and her w________ (智慧), Lily has achieved a lot of success. (15) It’s so b________ (勇敢的) of you to help your classmates to fight against bullying. (16) It is ________ (必要的) for students to go outside and enjoy nature. (17) The Lantern Festival is on the 15th of the first month in the Chinese lunar _________(日历). (18) Bad drinking water leads to all kinds of ________ (疾病). 2. 单句语法填空 用所给词的正确形式填空或者根据句意填写适当的单词使句意通顺。 (1) You should be careful when dealing with dangerous ________ in the lab. (chemistry) (2) Little Shawn had a fight with his parents and ran away from home, but the further he walked, the ________ he got. Finally, ________ beat him and he decided to go back. (hunger) (3) The ________ (discover) of X-ray changed the medical industry greatly. (4) When the __________ (nation) flag rises, everyone feels very excited. (5) Last night, the fire ________ (spread) rapidly because of the strong winds. (6) Eating a ________ (balance) diet with fruit and vegetables is important for health. (7) Our teacher always ________(courage) us to ask for help when we meet trouble. (8) Thousands ________ (brave) icy rain to show their support since last night. (9) This course trains students ________(communicate) with others politely. (10) The ________ (research) are working on a new project. (11) It’s important ________ (respect) our friends’ differences. (12) Everyone needs to keep a ________ (balance) lifestyle to keep healthy. 3. 单项填空 (1) —I love the song Snail so much! The lyrics(歌词) are ____________. —Me too! It reminds me not to give up whenever I listen to it. A．inspiring B．peaceful C．interesting D．simple (2) —When we visit the art museum, we should ________ the paintings quietly and respectfully. —Sure, it’s a basic rule for every visitor. A．create B．admire C．repair D．hide (3) Yuan Longping and his team have solved the problem of ________ for many people. A．hunger B．health C．pollution D．population (4) — Do you know that ChatGPT has become very popular? — Sure. Its use has ________ quickly. A．spread B．appeared C．changed D．improved (5) A small paper fan shows the great ________ of Chinese people. It represents their creative minds. A．courage B．custom C．wisdom D．wealth (6) I think the young man was ________ because he saved five people from the big fire. A．necessary B．careless C．silly D．brave (7) ________ is very honest of you ________ the money you found on the playground. A．That; to return B．This; returning C．It; to return D．It; returning (8) The ________ of the Sanxingdui Ruins site (遗址) surprised the world, and it is still full of many mysteries and wonders that are unknown to the world. A．development B．direction C．discovery D．difference (9) —What do you think of Zheng He? —He is a great ________ in cultural communication between different areas. A．postman B．volunteer C．reporter D．pioneer (10) —Wang Gang dreams of being a soldier in the future. —Yes, he always ________ his dad who is a heroic member of the PLA . A．turns down B．looks up to C．gets in the way of D．looks forward to 4. 短文填空 用所给词的适当形式填空或填写一个词使句意完整。 Marie Skłodowska-Curie was a famous scientist. She was born in Warsaw, Poland, in 1867. As a child, she enjoyed studying maths and physics and she wanted 1 (go) to university. At that time, women in Poland couldn’t attend university, so Marie went to a secret university. Finally, in 1891, Marie arrived at the Sorbonne University in France. Two years later, she received her degree in physics, and one year later a second degree in 2(chemical). In 1895, Marie married Pierre Curie. Together they discovered polonium and radium. In 1903, Pierre was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics. 3 (wise), Marie wasn’t included at first because she was a woman. However, Pierre refused to accept the prize because he and Marie made the 4 (discover) together, so Marie became the first woman 5 (win) a Nobel Prize. In 1906, Pierre died in an accident, but Marie didn’t stop her 6 (researcher). She became the first female teacher at the Sorbonne University and won another Nobel Prize, this time in chemistry, in 1911. Marie also developed the use of X-rays. During World War I, she set up mobile X-ray units and trained doctors and nurses 7 (use) them. People guess that a million soldiers were saved because of these X-ray units. Marie Skłodowska-Curie died in Paris in 1934. She was the first person to win Nobel Prizes twice, and she is still the only person to win twice for different 8 (science). She was a brave scientist who saved lots of 9 (life) by risking hers. Her story tells us that perseverance(毅力) and love for science can lead 10 great success. 5. 翻译句子 (1) 对我们来说学习如何在地震中保持安全是必要的。 (2) 由于家庭贫困，他想辍学。 (3) 王老师知识非常渊博， 每个学生都钦佩他。 (4) 对学生来说在学习和玩耍之间保持平衡是很重要的。 (5) 我敬佩她，因为她的善良和无私。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit 2 Inspiring People 核心知识点精讲 1 (Section A) 【主要内容】 · 【单元核心知识点精讲精练】每个单元按照教材安排分为Section A；Grammar和Section B三个部分。 · Section A部分包括本部分重点短语集锦、重点词汇解析、重难句型解析、其他知识解析等板块，核心知识点讲解中包含适当数量，多种类型的随学随练。配有“知识过关练习”，包含词汇填空、单句语法填空、单项填空、选词填空、翻译句子等题型。 · Section A部分内容思维导图如下: 1、 重点短语集锦(前标*为词汇表短语) 1. train people to do... 训练人们做…… 2. do research in... 在…… 领域做研究 3. even though 虽然；尽管 4. *drop out (of sth) 辍学；不再参加 5. at an early age 在年幼时；小时候 6. the Chinese calendar 农历；中国历法 7. make many important discoveries 取得许多重大发现 8. the wounded soldiers 受伤的士兵 9. develop into... 发展成为……；成长为…… 10. stop the spread of diseases 阻止疾病传播 11. a balance between...and... …… 与…… 之间的平衡 12. full of courage and wisdom 充满勇气与智慧 13. teach a live class from space 从太空开展直播授课 14. *look up to sb 钦佩；仰慕 15. exchange study 交换学习 16. dream big 胸怀大志；拥有远大梦想 17. give up 放弃 18. reduce hunger 减少饥饿；缓解饥荒 19. treat...with respect 尊重地对待…… 20. *come true 实现；成为现实 21. through his efforts and hard work 凭借他的努力与辛勤付出 22. stand up for 支持；维护；为…… 挺身而出 23. in order to 为了 24. defeat his enemies 击败他的敌人 25. send sb. to do 派某人去做某事 26. return home 回家；返乡 27. run away 逃跑；逃离 28. succeed in doing... 成功做成某事 29. build relationships 建立人际关系 30. find ways to do... 找到做某事的方法 2、 重点词汇解析 1. inspiring /ɪnˈspaɪərɪŋ/adj. 鼓舞人心的；激励的 inspiration /ˌɪnspəˈreɪʃn/n. 鼓舞人心的人（或事物） [词汇拓展] inspire(v.)鼓励，激励；inspired(adj.)受到启发的；品质优秀的，能力卓越的 uninspiring(adj.)不吸引人的；不令人鼓舞的 [词汇搭配] inspiring people 鼓舞人心的人；an inspiring teacher启发能力强的教师 draw one’s inspiration from从...获得灵感 [词汇用法] · inspiration表示“鼓舞人心的人（或事物）”，用作可数名词。 Her charity work is an inspiration to us all. 她的慈善工作激励着我们大家。 · inspiration还可以表示“灵感”，用作不可数名词。 Looking for inspiration for a new dessert? Try this recipe.正在寻找制作新甜食的灵感吗？试试这份食谱吧。 [随学随练] 用的适当形式填空 (1) My biggest ________ (inspire) is my dance instructor. 【答案】inspiration 【详解】句意：我最大的鼓舞来源是我的舞蹈老师。形容词biggest后需接名词，动词inspire对应的名词形式是inspiration，意为“鼓舞人心的人/事物”，故填inspiration。 (2) —What the headmaster said at the graduation must have stuck in many students’ minds. — I agree. It was very ________ (inspire). 【答案】inspiring 【详解】句意：——校长在毕业典礼上说的话肯定印在很多学生的脑海里了。——我同意，那非常鼓舞人心。 此处需要形容词作表语，“inspire”的形容词形式“inspiring”表示“鼓舞人心的”，用来描述事物的性质，符合语境，故填“inspiring”。 (3) The two stories inspire me ________ (make) a difference. 【答案】to make 【详解】句意：这两个故事激励我做出改变。句中“inspire sb. to do sth.”是固定搭配，意为“激励某人做某事”，因此动词make要用不定式形式to make。 (4) In the past, the scientist’s story ________ (inspire) our parents to work harder for their dreams. 【答案】inspired 【详解】句意：在过去，这位科学家的事迹激励着我们的父母为梦想更加努力奋斗。分析句子结构，空处作谓语，根据时间标志词“In the past”，可知句子用一般过去时，谓语动词要用过去式，inspire的过去式为inspired。 2. admire /ədˈmaɪə(r)/v. 钦佩；赞赏 admirable /ˈædmərəbl/adj. 令人钦佩的 [词汇拓展] admiration(n.)钦佩；羡慕；赞赏；admiring(adj.) 赞赏的；钦佩的；admirer(n.)钦佩者；赞赏者 [词汇搭配] admire sb. for...因...而钦佩某人 [词汇例句] Beyton is an admirable character. 贝顿是个令人钦佩的人物 [随学随练] 用admire的适当形式填空 (1) After this, people started the tradition of ________ (admire) the moon and sharing the mooncakes with their families. 【答案】admiring 【详解】句意：此后，人们开始了赏月和与家人分享月饼的传统。“of”是介词，后接动词时需用动名词形式（V-ing）。“admire”意为“欣赏”，其动名词形式为admiring。 (2) His ________(admire) for the great leader grew as he learned more about his life. 【答案】admiration 【详解】句意：他对这个伟大领导人的敬仰随着他对于他的生活的了解的增多而增加。空格前的His是形容词性物主代词，形容词性物主代词后需要接名词。提示词admire是动词，意思是“钦佩”，它的名词形式是admiration，此处表示“对伟大领袖的钦佩”，admiration是不可数名词，因此填原形admiration。 (3) Her courage to face difficulties is ________ (admire). 【答案】admirable 【详解】句意：她面对困难的勇气令人钦佩。本句为主系表结构，be动词is后需要形容词作表语；动词admire对应的形容词admirable，意为“令人钦佩的”，用来修饰主语courage，因此填admirable。 3. historian /hɪˈstɔːriən/n. 历史学家 [词汇拓展] history(n.)历史；历史学；historic(adj.)有重大历史意义的；historical(adj.)历史的 [词汇搭配] a famous historian一位著名历史学家 [随学随练] 用history适当形式填空 (1) We learn Chinese ________ (history) every Wednesday. 【答案】history 【详解】句意：我们每周三学习中国历史。Chinese此处为形容词，意为“中国的”，在句中作定语修饰名词history；Chinese history表示“中国历史”。         (2) The well-known ________ (history) has studied ancient dynasties for 30 years. 【答案】historian 【详解】句意：这位知名历史学家研究古代朝代已有30年。 空格前形容词well-known修饰名词；括号内history意为“历史”，结合后半句“研究古代朝代”的语境，此处需要表示人的名词“历史学家”，对应单词historian。句中助动词has为单数形式，说明主语是单数，因此填单数名词historian。 (3) I realized that the ________ (history) record was incomplete. 【答案】historical 【详解】句意：我意识到这份历史的记录是不完整的。空格后是名词record，需要用形容词来修饰。history是名词，意为“历史”，它对应的形容词形式有historic和historical两种。historical侧重“与历史相关的”，historical record是固定搭配，意为“历史记录”；historic侧重“有重大历史意义的”。这里表达普通的历史相关记录，应把名词history变为形容词historical作定语修饰record。故填historical。 (4) We all believe that this is a ________ (history) moment for the development of our country. 【答案】historic 【详解】句意：我们都坚信，这对于我们国家的发展而言是一个具有历史意义的时刻。此处是形容词修饰名词moment，history的形容词形式是historic“有重大历史意义的”。 4. chemist /ˈkemɪst/n. 化学家 chemistry /ˈkemɪstri/n. 化学 [词汇拓展] chemical(adj.)化学的；(n.)化学品 [词汇搭配] a research chemist从事研究工作的化学家；a degree in chemistry化学学位 [词汇例句] He studies chemistry in a university and wants to be a chemist. 他在一所大学学化学，想成为一 名化学家。 [随学随练] 单项填空 —My favorite subject is ________. I love reading novels and poems. —Me too! Shakespeare’s plays are amazing! A．chemistry B．literature C．physics D．science 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——我最喜欢的科目是文学。我喜欢读小说和诗歌。 ——我也一样！莎士比亚的戏剧太棒了！ 考查名词辨析。chemistry化学；literature文学；physics物理；science科学。根据“I love reading novels and poems.”以及选项可知，此处表示我最喜欢的科目是文学。故选B。 5. physicist /ˈfɪzɪsɪst/n. 物理学家 [词汇拓展] physics(n.)物理；physician(n.)医生，内科医生 physical(adj.)身体的；物质的，有形的；物理学的 [词汇搭配] a nuclear physicist 核物理学家 [词汇例句] Our school will invite a famous physicist to make a speech for us. 我们学校将会要求一位著名物 理学家为我们做演讲。 6. hunger /ˈhʌŋɡə(r)/n. 饥饿；渴望，渴求 [词汇拓展] hungry(adj.)饥饿的；渴望的 [词汇搭配] reduce hunger减少饥饿；a hunger for knowledge对知识的渴求 [词汇例句] Hunger is the body's signal that levels of blood sugar are too low.饥饿感是身体发出的信号，表示 血糖水平太低。 [随学随练] 单项填空 The delicious food made me feel ________. A．hunger B．hungry C．safe D．safety 【答案】B 【详解】句意：美味的食物让我感到饥饿。 考查形容词作表语。hunger饥饿，名词；hungry饥饿的，形容词；safe安全的，形容词；safety安全，名词，根据空前的“feel”是系动词可知，空缺处应该用形容词作表语，排除A和D，由“The delicious food”可知，食物让我感到饥饿，排除C，故选B。 7. discovery /dɪˈskʌvəri/n. 发现 [词汇拓展] (pl.)discoveries；discover(v.)发现 [词汇搭配] make some important discoveries做出一些重要发现 [词汇例句] I felt I'd made an incredible discovery. 我觉得我有一个天大的发现。 [随学随练] 单项填空 The scientist made a great ________ in medical research, which helped thousands of patients. A．choice B．progress C．discovery D．decision 【答案】C 【详解】句意：这位科学家在医学研究方面取得了重大发现，这帮助了成千上万名患者。 考查名词词义辨析。choice选择；progress进步；discovery发现；decision决定。根据“which helped thousands of patients”可知，此处是指科学家在医学研究方面有重大发现，从而帮助了患者，所以应该用discovery。故选C。 8. century /ˈsentʃəri/n. 世纪 [词汇拓展] (pl.)centuries [词汇搭配] in the 19 th century在19世纪；eighteenth-century writers 18世纪的作家 the turn of the century世纪之交 [词汇例句] Many changes will take place in the new century.在新世纪里，将会发生许多变化。 [随学随练] 单项填空 The sad story happened two hundred years ago. A．two century B．hundreds of year C．two centuries D．second century 【答案】C 【详解】句意：这个悲伤的故事发生在两百年前。 考查可数名词复数规则变化。two century表达错误；hundreds of year表达错误；two centuries两个世纪；second century第二世纪。“two hundred years”和“two centuries”意思相近，都可以表示两个世纪或两百年。故选C。 9. wounded /ˈwuːndɪd/adj. 受伤的；负伤的 [词汇拓展] wound(n.)伤口，伤；(v.)使（身体）受伤；（用武器）伤害；injured(adj.)受伤的 [词汇搭配] wounded soldiers受伤的士兵 [词汇辨析] wounded / injured / hurt · wounded通常指在战争受伤的，受到武器伤害的；也可用于表示思想或感情上受伤的。 I think she feels desperately wounded and unloved.我想她觉得受到了莫大的伤害，无人爱她。 · injured通常指因事故，意外等而受伤了，强调身体部位受到了某种程度的损伤；也可以表示感情受到伤害的。 Three people were injured in the crash. 撞车事故中有三人受伤。 · hurt表示在事故中受到伤害，强调引起了身体的疼痛；也可以表示感情上受伤的。 None of the passengers were badly hurt .乘客中没有人严重受伤。 She was deeply hurt that she had not been invited. 她未被邀请，感到十分难过。 [随学随练] 单项填空 The ________ soldier was sent to the hospital quickly, and his ________ actions in the fire were praised by everyone. A．wounded; heroic B．wound; hero C．wounding; heroine D．wounded; hero 【答案】A 【详解】句意：这名受伤的士兵被迅速送往医院，他在火灾中的英勇行为受到大家的赞扬。 考查形容词修饰名词。第一个空需形容词修饰soldier，wounded受伤的，符合句意；第二个空需形容词修饰actions，heroic英勇的，符合句意。wound伤口，hero英雄，均为名词，不能修饰名词；wounding造成伤害的，但通常不用于修饰人，heroine女英雄，为名词，不能修饰行为。故选A。 10. nation /ˈneɪʃn/n. 国家；民族；国民 [词汇拓展] national(adj.)国家的，民族的；international(adj.)国际的；country(n.)国家 [词汇搭配] a modern nation一个现代化国家；the African nations非洲各国；the United Nations联合国 [词汇例句] His century-long journey of exploration and love for his nation left a bright mark on human history. 他长达一个世纪的探索之旅以及对祖国的热爱，在人类历史上留下了鲜明的印记。 [随学随练] 单项填空 Yang Liwei is our ______ hero, and he ______ Chinese people. A．nation; is pride of B．national; is the pride of C．national; takes pride in D．nation; is proud of 【答案】B 【详解】句意：杨利伟是我们的民族英雄，他是中国人的骄傲。 考查形容词用法和固定搭配。nation国家； be the pride of……的骄傲；national国家的，民族的； takes pride in以……为骄傲。根据hero“英雄”，名词，前面用形容词修饰，用national；根据句意可知，杨利伟是中国人的骄傲，用be the pride of，故选B。 11. spread /spred/ v. 传播，散布；扩散，蔓延；展开，打开；摊开；张开，伸开；涂，敷；n. 传播，散布；涉及区域，活动范围 [词汇拓展] <过去式>spread；<过去分词>spread [词汇搭配] stop the spread of diseases阻止疾病的传播 [随学随练] 写出下列句子中spread的中文意思 (1) Sue spread the map out on the floor. (v.) 展开，打开 (2) She spread her arms and the child ran towards her. (v.) 张开，伸开 (3) Use of computers spread rapidly during that period. (v.) 传播，散布 (4) Fire spread rapidly after a chemical truck exploded(爆炸). (v.) 扩散，蔓延 (5) Thanks to the spread of modern technology, trained workers are now more important than ever. (n.) 传播，蔓延 (6) He slowly spread the butter on the bread. (v.) 涂，敷 (7) The company has a good geographical spread of hotels in this country. (n.) 涉及区域，活动范围 12. balance /ˈbæləns/n.平衡；v. 保持平衡 [词汇拓展] balanced(adj.)均衡的，平衡的；imbalance(n.)失衡；不平衡 [词汇搭配] a balance between...and... ...与...之间的平衡；a good sense of balance良好的平衡感 on balance总的来说 [词汇例句] Try to keep a balance between work and relaxation. 尽量保持工作与休闲均衡。 How long can you balance on one leg? 你单腿能站多久？ [随学随练] 单项填空 — What’s wrong with Timmy’s leg? — He cycled round the corner, lost his ________ and fell off. A．tool B．value C．balance D．interest 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——蒂米的腿怎么了？——他骑车拐了个弯，失去平衡摔了下来。 tool工具；value价值；balance平衡；interest兴趣。根据句中“cycled，fell off骑车、摔倒”的语境可知，此处表达骑车时失去“平衡”。 13. courage /ˈkʌrɪdʒ/n. 勇气；勇敢 [词汇拓展] encourage(v.)鼓励；discourage(v.)使气馁；courageous(adj.)勇敢的;有胆量的;无畏的 [词汇搭配] full of courage充满勇气；pick up courage鼓起勇气 [词汇例句] I was deeply moved by her courage and independent spirit.她的勇气和独立精神深深地打动了 我。 [随学随练] 单项填空 — Kate is just a primary school student, but she is quite a brave girl. — Yes. She has the ________ to face all the difficulties in her life. A．cause B．choice C．courage D．control 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——凯特只是一个小学生，但她是一个相当勇敢的女孩。——是的。她有勇气去面对她生活中的所有困难。 cause原因；choice选择；courage勇气；control控制。根据“she is quite a brave girl”可知，她是一个勇敢的女孩，勇敢意味着有勇气面对生活中的困难，应填courage。 14. wisdom /ˈwɪzdəm/n. 智慧；学问 [词汇拓展] wise(adj.)智慧的，聪明的；wisely(adv.)智慧地，聪明地 [词汇搭配] full of wisdom充满智慧；a woman of great wisdom才女 [词汇例句] I question the wisdom of giving a child so much money.我对给孩子这么多钱是否明智怀有疑问。 [随学随练] 用适当形式填空 (1) The ________ (wise) of managing money is very important in our life. 【答案】wisdom 【详解】句意：理财的智慧在我们的生活中非常重要。wise“明智的”，为形容词。此处需要名词作主语，表示“智慧”，故用其名词形式wisdom。 (2) The more you read, the ________ (wise) you will be. 【答案】wiser 【详解】句意：书读得越多，人就变得越睿智。根据“the more you read, the ...”可知，此处考查形容词比较级结构the+比较级，the+比较级“越……，就越……”。空格处需填wise的比较级wiser。 (3) Can you give me some advice on how to spend money ________ (wise)? 【答案】wisely 【详解】句意：你能给我一些关于如何明智地花钱的建议吗？句中“spend money”为动词短语，需要用副词来修饰动词，表示“明智地花钱”。wise为形容词，其副词形式需在词尾加-ly，变为wisely。 15. brave /breɪv/ adj.勇敢的；无畏的；v. 勇敢面对；经受 (困难) [词汇拓展] bravely(adv.)勇敢地；bravery(v.)勇敢 [词汇搭配] a brave man一个勇敢的人；brave icy rain冒雨 put on a brave face/put a brave face on sth强装自信快乐；佯装满不在乎 [词汇例句] I wasn't brave enough to tell her what I thought of her. 我当时没有勇气告诉她我对她的看法。 [随学随练] 用适当形式填空 (1) The firefighters are fighting the fire ________ (brave). 【答案】bravely 【详解】句意：消防员们正在勇敢地与大火搏斗。brave形容词，表示“勇敢的”，这里用副词修饰动词，填bravely。 (2) We should learn to be ________ (brave) to fight against difficulties in our life. 【答案】brave 【详解】句意：我们应该学会勇敢地去战胜生活中的困难。空格前是be（系动词），后面需要接形容词作表语。括号中brave本身就是形容词，无需变化。 (3) He showed great ________ (brave) in the rescue activity. 【答案】bravery 【详解】句意：他在救援行动中表现出了极大的勇气。形容词great后需接名词，形容词brave的名词形式是bravery。 16. necessary /ˈnesəsəri/adj.必要的；必需的 [词汇拓展] necessarily(adv.) 必然地；不可避免地；necessity(n.)必需品；必要，需要 unnecessary(adj.)不需要的；不必要的 [词汇搭配] if necessary如果有必要的话 [词汇例句] It may be necessary to buy a new one.也许有必要买个新的了。 [随学随练] 单项填空 Nowadays, it is still ________ for us to read, as good reads help us find who we are. A．necessary B．expensive C．convenient D．useless 【答案】A 【详解】句意：如今，对我们来说阅读仍然是必要的，因为好的读物帮助我们找到自我。 necessary必要的；expensive昂贵的；convenient方便的；useless无用的。根据后半句“as good reads help us find who we are”可知，阅读有助于自我发现，具有重要价值，因此是必要的。 3、 重难句型解析 1. if引导宾语从句 (教材原句)... created a test to see if a computer could really think like a person. 此句中if a computer....a person是一个宾语从句。if引导宾语从句时，意为“是否”，可用whether替换。但以下情况，一般用whether，不用if：与or not直接连用；在介词之后作宾语时；后接动词不定式时. 如：I wonder if /whether you can help me solve the problem.我想知道你能否帮我解决这个难题。 I don't know whether or not he will come.我不知道他是否会来。（此句不用if） [随学随练] 单项填空 Mum, I want to know ________ I can go out with friends if it ________ rain tomorrow. A．if; won’t B．when; won’t C．if; doesn’t D．when; doesn’t 【答案】C 【详解】句意：妈妈，我想知道如果明天不下雨，我是否可以和朋友出去？ 第一空引导宾语从句，根据句意表示“是否”，应该用if；第二空位于if引导的条件状语从句中，遵循“主将从现”原则，从句用一般现在时，主语it是第三人称单数，否定形式用doesn’t。应填if；doesn’t。 2. 定语从句 (教材原句)Who is the person you admire the most? (教材原句)Victor Hugo stood up for the common people he cared about. 第一句中的you admire the most和第二句中的he cared about都是定语从句，且都省略了关系词。 第一句完整形式为who/whom/that you admire the most；第二句完整形式为who/whom/that he cared about。 关系代词在定语从句中充当宾语时，可以省略。 如：Who is the friend you trust deeply? 你十分信任的那个朋友是谁？ [随学随练] 单项填空 Mr. Clark is a successful person ________ many people admire. They hope to learn from him. A．why B．how C．when D．whom 【答案】D 【详解】句意：克拉克先生是一个许多人都钦佩的成功人士。他们希望向他学习。 why为什么；how如何；when什么时候；whom谁（宾格）。先行词是“a successful person”，指人，且关系词在从句中作“admire”的宾语，应用whom引导。 3. It’s +adj.+ to do句型 (教材原句)It was very creative of him to design it. (教材原句)It was difficult for women to do that kind of work back in those days. 这两个句子都是It’s+adj.+to do结构句型，其中it是形式主语，真正的主语是后面的不定式。 此句型可以做以下拓展： · 当adj.修饰事物时，形容词后加for sb.变成“It is+adj.+ for sb.+ to do ...”表示“对于某人来说，做...是...样的”。 · 当adj.修饰人物时，形容词后加of sb.变成“It is+adj.+ of sb.+ to do ...”表示“某人做...是...样的”。 如：It is important for teenagers to learn a foreign language. 对于青少年来说，学习一门外语是很重要的。 It was kind of you to share with me some tips. 你和我分享了一些建议，你真好。 [随学随练] 单项填空 (1) It’s clever ________ you to find out the truth. A．for B．of C．to D．with 【答案】B 【详解】句意：你能找出真相，真聪明。 for为了；of属于；to朝；with和。根据“It’s clever…you to find out the truth.”可知，此处为固定句型：It’s+形容人品质的形容词+of sb. to do sth.，“clever(聪明的)”是形容人的性格品质。应填of。 (2) I think it’s pleasant __________ snowballs on a snowy day. A．playing B．played C．to play D．play 【答案】C 【详解】句意：我认为下雪天打雪仗很惬意。 固定句型It’s+形容词+to do sth.，其中it作形式主语，真正主语为后面的动词不定式，play snowballs意为“打雪仗”，to play符合要求。 4. 被动语态 (教材原句)Unfortunately, Zhang Qian was caught by the enemy. (教材原句)Later, he was sent to these places again to build relationships. 句中的was caught和was sent是由“be+过去分词”构成的被动语态结构，其中be动词跟随时态进行变化。 如：This bridge was built in 2010. 这座桥建于 2010 年。 [随学随练] 单项填空 The old cinema in our town ________ into a new library last month. Now we can read books there. A．is turned B．was turned C．turns D．turned 【答案】B 【详解】句意：我们镇上的旧电影院上个月被改成了一座新图书馆。现在我们可以在那里读书了。 根据时间状语“last month”可知句子时态为一般过去时，排除表示现在时的 A、C 选项；主语“The old cinema”与动词“turn”之间是被动关系，应用被动语态（be + 过去分词），排除主动语态的D选项。一般过去时的被动语态结构为“was/were + 过去分词”。应填was turned。 4、 其他知识解析 1. 不定式作定语 (教材原句)She was also the first woman to teach a live class from space. (教材原句)However, around 10 years later, he got a chance to run away, ... 第一句中to teach a live class from space修饰前面的the first woman;第二句中to run away修饰前面名词a chance。两句中的不定式都用作后置定语。以下情况，常用不定式作定语： · 一些名词如way(方式), place(地方), ability(能力)，chance(机会),plan(计划), hope(希望),dream(梦想)等名词后常用不定时作定语 如：Everyone is born with the ability to learn. 人人天生具有学习的能力。 · 当名词前有最高级，序数词，表唯一性的词修饰时，常用不定式作后置定语。 如：He is the best person to do this job. 他是做这份工作的最佳人选。 [随学随练] 单项填空 (1) —What do you usually do in your free time? —I enjoy practicing paper cutting after school. It’s a great way ________ myself. A．relax B．relaxing C．to relax D．relaxed 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——你空闲时间通常做什么？——我喜欢放学后练习剪纸。这是放松我自己的一个好方法。 根据“It’s a great way…myself.”可知，固定搭配a way to do sth.意为“做某事的一种方法”，动词不定式作后置定语修饰way。 (2) The library is a nice place ________ books. A．finds B．find C．finding D．to find 【答案】D 【详解】句意：图书馆是一个能找到书的好地方。 固定用法a nice place to do sth.表示“一个做某事的好地方”，动词不定式作后置定语修饰名词place，应填to find。 2. 不定式作宾补 (教材原句)In order to help defeat his enemies, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty sent Zhang Qian to find the Yuezhi people. · 此句中to find the Yuezhi people跟在sent Zhangjian后补充说明，作宾语补足语。常用跟带to不定式作宾补的动词有：invite,encourage,wish,expect,force,cause,remind等。 如：The teacher encourages us to exercise more. 老师鼓励我们多锻炼。 · 句中in order to help...相当于to help...，表示目的。 如：(In order) to pass the exam, he reviewed all his notes. 为了通过考试，他复习了所有笔记。 [随学随练] 单项填空 (1) The art teacher advises us ________ the beautiful sunset with our brushes. A．paint B．painted C．painting D．to paint 【答案】D 【详解】句意：美术老师建议我们用画笔描绘美丽的日落。 “advise”有“建议”的意思，其常见用法为“advise sb. to do sth.”，意为“建议某人做某事”，这里需要一个动词不定式结构在句中作宾语补足语，补充说明“us”的动作。 (2) Before the show, Bob reminded me ________ two tickets online so that we could sit together. A．booking B．to book C．don’t book D．to not book 【答案】B 【详解】句意：演出前，鲍勃提醒我网上预订两张票，这样我们可以坐在一起。 固定搭配remind sb. to do sth.意为“提醒某人做某事”，它的否定形式是remind sb. not to do sth.；根据“so that we could sit together”可知需要买票，应用肯定形式。故选to book。 5、 知识过关练习 1. 词汇填空  根据据提示填写正确形式的单词，每空一词。 (1) Her ________ (鼓舞人心的) story made everyone believe that dreams can come true. 【答案】inspiring 【详解】根据汉语提示可知，inspiring“鼓舞人心的”，形容词，在句中作定语修饰名词story。故填inspiring。 (2) We all ________ (钦佩) the hard-working scientists around us. 【答案】admire 【详解】句意：我们都钦佩身边勤奋的科学家们。根据汉语提示“钦佩”可知，admire“钦佩”，动词，符合题意；本句主语是We，时态为一般现在时，故填动词原形admire。 (3) Those learned ___________ are all from Beijing University. (历史学家) 【答案】historians 【详解】句意：那些博学的历史学家都来自北京大学。 historian历史学家，由于前面有those而且谓语动词are是复数，因此这里要用名词复数形式，故填historians。 (4) Yang Yu taught ________ (化学)at a high school in a small town in Qinghai Province. 【答案】chemistry 【详解】句意：杨宇曾在青海省一个小镇的一所高中教化学。“化学”英文是“chemistry”，表示学科的名词作宾语时，使用原形。故填chemistry。 (5) Marie Curie was one of the greatest ________ (物理学家) in the world. 【答案】physicists 【详解】句意：玛丽・居里是世界上最伟大的物理学家之一。根据中文提示，physicist “物理学家”，可数名词，“one of+the+形容词最高级+可数名词复数”是固定结构，意为“最……之一”，因此用复数形式physicists。故填physicists。 (6) His achievements have helped solve the problem of ________ (饥饿) for many people. 【答案】hunger 【详解】句意：他的成就帮助许多人解决了饥饿问题。根据句意和汉语提示可知，hunger意为“饥饿”，是不可数名词，此处作介词of的宾语，故填hunger。 (7) Many ________ (发现) are made when people travel far away. 【答案】discoveries 【详解】句意：人们远行时会有许多新发现。根据汉语提示，discovery“发现”，名词，“many”后接可数名词复数；discovery的复数形式为discoveries。 (8) The Grand Canal, which runs through eight provinces, has a history of more than 25 ________ (世纪). 【答案】centuries 【详解】句意：这条贯穿八省的大运河，有着超过25个世纪的历史。句中“25”为数词，后需接可数名词复数，“世纪”对应的单词是century，复数形式为centuries。 (9) There were many w________ (受伤的) soldiers in the war. 【答案】wounded/ounded 【详解】句意：战争中有许多受伤的士兵。“受伤的”用wounded，形容词，作定语。故填wounded。 (10) China is a great ________ (国家) with a long history. 【答案】nation 【详解】句意：中国是一个有着悠久历史的伟大国家。根据汉语提示可知，“国家”对应的英文单词是“nation”，在句中作表语。故填nation。 (11) Just as the old saying goes that bad news _________ (传播) fast. 【答案】spreads 【详解】句意：俗话说坏事传千里。主语bad news为不可数名词，在一般现在时中，动词需用第三人称单数形式；根据单词提示可知，spread“传播”，其第三人称单数形式为spreads。故填spreads。 (12) As a student, Chen needs to find a ________ (平衡) between schoolwork and hobbies. 【答案】balance 【详解】句意：作为一名学生，陈需要在学业和爱好之间找到一个平衡。根据中文提示可知，“平衡”对应的英文是balance，是名词，此处作find的宾语，且前面有不定冠词a修饰，需用名词单数形式。 (13) Sue showed great ________ (勇气) throughout her illness and now she has recovered. 【答案】courage 【详解】句意：苏在生病期间表现出了极大的勇气，如今她已经康复了。结合汉语提示可知，“勇气”的英文为courage，此处为抽象名词，不可数名词作宾语。故填courage。 (14) Through hard work and her w________ (智慧), Lily has achieved a lot of success. 【答案】wisdom/isdom 【详解】句意：凭借努力和她的智慧，丽丽取得了诸多成就。根据首字母w、中文提示“智慧”，且形容词性物主代词her后要使用名词，对应不可数名词wisdom，故填wisdom。 (15) It’s so b________ (勇敢的) of you to help your classmates to fight against bullying. 【答案】brave/rave 【详解】句意：你帮助同学们对抗欺凌，真是太勇敢了。句中“so”是副词，后面需要形容词修饰，结合“help your classmates to fight against bullying”及首字母为b可知，应是说你太勇敢了，brave“勇敢的”，符合语境。 (16) It is ________ (必要的) for students to go outside and enjoy nature. 【答案】necessary 【详解】句意：学生们有必要走出去享受大自然。根据中文提示可知，“必要的”对应的英文是necessary，是形容词，此处作表语，故填necessary。 (17) The Lantern Festival is on the 15th of the first month in the Chinese lunar _________(日历). 【答案】calendar 【详解】句意：元宵节在中国农历的第一个月的第15天。“日历”对应的英文是calendar，是可数名词，Chinese lunar calendar表示“中国农历”。 (18) Bad drinking water leads to all kinds of ________ (疾病). 【答案】diseases 【详解】句意：劣质饮用水会引发各种各样的疾病。 all kinds of表示“各种各样的”，后接可数名词复数。disease表示“疾病”，其复数形式为diseases。 2. 单句语法填空 用所给词的正确形式填空或者根据句意填写适当的单词使句意通顺。 (1) You should be careful when dealing with dangerous ________ in the lab. (chemistry) 【答案】chemicals 【详解】句意：在实验室处理危险化学品时你应该小心。chemistry意为“化学”，是学科名词；此处需要表达“化学品”的含义，应使用其派生词chemical，且“化学品”通常用复数形式chemicals来表示一类事物。故填chemicals。 (2) Little Shawn had a fight with his parents and ran away from home, but the further he walked, the ________ he got. Finally, ________ beat him and he decided to go back. (hunger) 【答案】 hungrier hunger 【详解】句意：小肖恩和父母吵架后离家出走了，但他走得越远，就越饿。最后，饥饿感战胜了他，他决定回家。第一空，根据“the further he walked”可知，句子使用了“the +比较级，the +比较级”的固定句型，表示“越……，越……”，因此这里应用hunger的形容词形式hungry的比较级hungrier，在句中作系动词“got”的表语，描述主语“he”的身体状态；第二空，分析句子结构可知，句子缺少主语，主语通常由名词、代词等充当；从语义角度看，此处需要指代“饥饿”这一抽象的生理感受，作为“beat him”这个动作的发出者；“hunger”本身就是名词，意为“饥饿；饥饿感”，通常作不可数名词，既能够满足“作主语”的语法功能，又能精准传达“是饥饿感让他无法继续坚持，最终决定回家”的语境逻辑，因此这里应用名词hunger。故填hungrier；hunger。 (3) The ________ (discover) of X-ray changed the medical industry greatly. 【答案】discovery 【详解】句意：X射线的发现极大地改变了医疗行业。定冠词The后接名词，“discover”意为“发现”，动词，名词形式为“discovery”，表示“发现”这一抽象概念时，为不可数名词。 (4) When the __________ (nation) flag rises, everyone feels very excited. 【答案】national 【详解】句意：当国旗升起时，每个人感到很激动。空格处需要修饰名词flag，必须用形容词。nation的形容词形式是national“国家的”，national flag是固定搭配，意思是“国旗”。 (5) Last night, the fire ________ (spread) rapidly because of the strong winds. 【答案】spread 【详解】句意：昨晚，因为大风，火势蔓延得很快。根据句首时间状语“Last night”可知，本句描述过去发生的动作，时态为一般过去时，谓语动词要用过去式，动词spread的过去式仍是spread。故填spread。 (6) Eating a ________ (balance) diet with fruit and vegetables is important for health. 【答案】balanced 【详解】句意：均衡饮食，包括摄入水果和蔬菜，对健康很重要。balance“平衡”，可作动词或名词，此处用其形容词balanced修饰名词“diet”，a balanced diet“均衡的饮食”。 (7) Our teacher always ________(courage) us to ask for help when we meet trouble. 【答案】encourages 【详解】句意：我们的老师总是鼓励我们遇到麻烦时寻求帮助。courage“勇气”，是名词，此处应填其动词encourage“鼓励”作谓语，由“always”可知，句子时态为一般现在时，而主语Our teacher为第三人称单数形式，所以应用其第三人称单数形式，在词尾加s。 (8) Thousands ________ (brave) icy rain to show their support since last night. 【答案】have braved 【详解】句意：自昨晚以来，已有数千人冒着冰冷的雨前来表示支持。 brave可以作动词，表示 “勇敢面对；经受 (困难)”，在句中作谓语；由时间标志词 “since last night（自昨晚以来）” 可知句子使用现在完成时，结构为 have/has + 过去分词；主语 Thousands 指代数千人，表复数含义，助动词用 have，动词 brave 的过去分词为 braved，故填 have braved。 (9) This course trains students ________(communicate) with others politely. 【答案】to communicate 【详解】句意：这门课程训练学生礼貌地与人交流。 communicate “交流”，是动词，此处考查固定搭配 train后跟不定式作宾语补足语，“train sb. to do训练某人做某事”。因此填 to communicate。 (10) The ________ (research) are working on a new project. 【答案】researchers 【详解】句意：研究人员正在进行一个新项目。句子缺少主语，且be动词为are，说明主语需为复数；research对应的职业名词是researcher，其复数形式为researchers。 (11) It’s important ________ (respect) our friends’ differences. 【答案】to respect 【详解】句意：尊重朋友之间的差异是很重要的。It is + 形容词 + to do sth. 意为“做某事是……的”，句中It是形式主语，真正主语是后面的动词不定式to do。respect是动词，意为“尊重”，此处需用to do形式。故填to respect。 (12) 11．Everyone needs to keep a ________ (balance) lifestyle to keep healthy. 【答案】balanced 【详解】句意：每个人都需要保持均衡的生活方式来维持健康。空格修饰名词lifestyle，需使用balance的形容词形式balanced，意为“均衡的”。 3. 单项填空 (1) —I love the song Snail so much! The lyrics(歌词) are ____________. —Me too! It reminds me not to give up whenever I listen to it. A．inspiring B．peaceful C．interesting D．simple 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——我非常喜欢《蜗牛》这首歌！歌词很鼓舞人心。——我也是！每当我听它的时候，它都提醒我不要放弃。 考查形容词辨析。inspiring鼓舞人心的；peaceful平静的；interesting有趣的；simple简单的。根据“It reminds me not to give up whenever I listen to it.”可知，这首歌的歌词是鼓舞人心的。故选A。 (2) —When we visit the art museum, we should ________ the paintings quietly and respectfully. —Sure, it’s a basic rule for every visitor. A．create B．admire C．repair D．hide 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——当我们参观艺术博物馆时，我们应该安静且尊敬地欣赏画作。——当然，这是每个游客的基本规则。 create创作；admire欣赏；repair修理；hide隐藏。根据“When we visit the art museum”及“quietly and respectfully”可知，游客在博物馆的行为应该是欣赏画作，符合语境。 (3) Yuan Longping and his team have solved the problem of ________ for many people. A．hunger B．health C．pollution D．population 【答案】A 【详解】句意：袁隆平和他的团队已经解决了许多人的饥饿问题。 考查名词辨析。hunger饥饿；health健康；pollution污染；population人口。根据“Yuan Longping and his team have solved the problem of…for many people.”和常识可知，袁隆平和他的团队解决的是饥饿问题，故选A。 (4) — Do you know that ChatGPT has become very popular? — Sure. Its use has ________ quickly. A．spread B．appeared C．changed D．improved 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——你知道ChatGPT已经变得非常流行了吗？——当然。它的使用已经迅速传播开来。 spread传播；appeared出现；changed改变；improved改善。根据前句“has become very popular”可知，此处强调ChatGPT的使用范围迅速扩大，“spread”最符合语境。 (5) A small paper fan shows the great ________ of Chinese people. It represents their creative minds. A．courage B．custom C．wisdom D．wealth 【答案】C 【详解】句意：一把小纸扇展示了中国人民的伟大智慧。它代表了他们的创造性思维。 courage勇气；custom习俗；wisdom智慧；wealth财富。根据后句“It represents their creative minds.”可知，创造性思维体现了人民的智慧。 (6) I think the young man was ________ because he saved five people from the big fire. A．necessary B．careless C．silly D．brave 【答案】D 【详解】句意：我认为这个年轻人是勇敢的，因为他从大火中救了五个人。 necessary必要的；careless粗心的；silly愚蠢的；brave勇敢的。根据“because he saved five people from the big fire”可知，从大火中救人是勇敢的行为，brave符合语境。 (7) ________ is very honest of you ________ the money you found on the playground. A．That; to return B．This; returning C．It; to return D．It; returning 【答案】C 【详解】句意：你归还了在操场上捡到的钱，这非常诚实。 考查it作形式主语的固定句型。That那，指示代词；This这，指示代词；It作形式主语，无实际意义；to return归还，动词不定式；returning归还，动名词或现在分词形式。根据句子结构，此处应用“It is+adj. of sb. to do sth.”句型，其中it作形式主语，动词不定式“to return the money you found on the playground”作真正的主语，构成“It is + adj. + of sb. + to do sth.”句型，表示“某人做某事是……的”。故选C。 (8) The ________ of the Sanxingdui Ruins site (遗址) surprised the world, and it is still full of many mysteries and wonders that are unknown to the world. A．development B．direction C．discovery D．difference 【答案】C 【详解】句意：三星堆遗址的发现震惊了世界，而且它仍然充满了许多不为世人所知的神秘和奇迹。 考查名词辨析。development发展；direction方向；discovery发现；difference差别。根据“The...of the Sanxingdui Ruins site (遗址) surprised the world,”可知，三星堆遗址是被发现后震惊世界的，故此处应填discovery。故选C。 (9) —What do you think of Zheng He? —He is a great ________ in cultural communication between different areas. A．postman B．volunteer C．reporter D．pioneer 【答案】D 【详解】句意：——你认为郑和怎么样？——他是一位不同地区之间文化交流的伟大先驱。 考查名词辨析。postman邮递员；volunteer志愿者；reporter记者；pioneer先驱。根据历史常识可知，郑和七下西洋，促进了不同地区的文化交流，因此他应是文化交流的“先驱”。故选D。 (10) —Wang Gang dreams of being a soldier in the future. —Yes, he always ________ his dad who is a heroic member of the PLA . A．turns down B．looks up to C．gets in the way of D．looks forward to 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——王刚梦想将来成为一名军人。——是的，他总是敬仰他那作为中国人民解放军英雄成员的父亲。 考查动词短语辨析。turns down拒绝；looks up to尊敬，敬仰；gets in the way of妨碍；looks forward to期待。根据前句“Wang Gang dreams of being a soldier in the future.”和“his dad who is a heroic member of the PLA”可知，王刚应是对父亲怀有敬仰之情。故选B。 4. 短文填空 用所给词的适当形式填空或填写一个词使句意完整。 Marie Skłodowska-Curie was a famous scientist. She was born in Warsaw, Poland, in 1867. As a child, she enjoyed studying maths and physics and she wanted 1 (go) to university. At that time, women in Poland couldn’t attend university, so Marie went to a secret university. Finally, in 1891, Marie arrived at the Sorbonne University in France. Two years later, she received her degree in physics, and one year later a second degree in 2(chemical). In 1895, Marie married Pierre Curie. Together they discovered polonium and radium. In 1903, Pierre was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics. 3 (wise), Marie wasn’t included at first because she was a woman. However, Pierre refused to accept the prize because he and Marie made the 4 (discover) together, so Marie became the first woman 5 (win) a Nobel Prize. In 1906, Pierre died in an accident, but Marie didn’t stop her 6 (researcher). She became the first female teacher at the Sorbonne University and won another Nobel Prize, this time in chemistry, in 1911. Marie also developed the use of X-rays. During World War I, she set up mobile X-ray units and trained doctors and nurses 7 (use) them. People guess that a million soldiers were saved because of these X-ray units. Marie Skłodowska-Curie died in Paris in 1934. She was the first person to win Nobel Prizes twice, and she is still the only person to win twice for different 8 (science). She was a brave scientist who saved lots of 9 (life) by risking hers. Her story tells us that perseverance(毅力) and love for science can lead 10 great success. 【答案】 1．to go 2．chemistry 3．Unwisely 4．discovery 5．to win 6．research 7．to use 8．sciences 9．lives 10．to 【导语】本文介绍了著名科学家玛丽・居里的生平事迹、科学成就及其对世界的贡献。 【详解】 1．句意：她喜欢学习数学和物理，并且她想上大学。固定搭配 want to do sth. 表示 “想要做某事”，不定式作宾语，因此填 to go。 2．句意：两年后，她获得了物理学学位，一年后又取得化学专业的第二个学位。介词 in 后接学科名词，chemical 是形容词 “化学的”，chemistry 表示学科 “化学”，故填 chemistry。 3．句意：不明智的是，起初玛丽并未被列入获奖者名单，只因为她是女性。空格置于句首修饰整个句子，需用副词作评性状语；结合语境，当初不把居里列入名单这件事是不明智的，wise 的否定副词形式为 unwisely，句首首字母大写，故填 Unwisely。 4．句意：然而皮埃尔拒绝独自领奖，因为这项发现是他和玛丽共同完成的。定冠词 the 后需要名词作 made 的宾语，discover 是动词 “发现”，对应的名词形式 discovery 表示 “发现（成果）”，故填 discovery。 5．句意：因此玛丽成为第一位获得诺贝尔奖的女性。当名词被 the first 等序数词修饰时，常用动词不定式作后置定语，故填 to win。 6．句意：1906 年皮埃尔意外离世，但玛丽没有停止她的研究。形容词性物主代词 her 后接名词；researcher 意为 “研究员”，research 表示 “研究”，符合句意，故填 research。 7．句意：她搭建移动式 X 光设备，并培训医护人员使用这些设备。固定搭配 train sb. to do sth. 意为 “训练 / 培训某人做某事”，不定式作宾语补足语，故填 to use。 8．句意：她仍是唯一一位在不同科学领域两次斩获诺贝尔奖的人。different（不同的）后接可数名词复数，此处 science 指各类学科，复数形式为 sciences，故填 sciences。 9．句意：她是一位勇敢的科学家，不惜牺牲自己，拯救了无数生命。lots of 后可接可数名词复数，life 表示 “生命” 时复数形式是 lives，故填 lives。 10．句意：她的故事告诉我们，毅力与对科学的热爱能够促成巨大的成就。固定短语 lead to 表示 “带来；促成；通向”，to 是介词，不能省略，故填 to。 5. 翻译句子 (1) 对我们来说学习如何在地震中保持安全是必要的。 【答案】It’s necessary for us to learn how to keep safe in an earthquake. (2) 由于家庭贫困，他想辍学。 【答案】He wants to drop out of school because his family is poor. (3) 王老师知识非常渊博， 每个学生都钦佩他。 【答案】Mr. Wang is so knowledgeable that every student looks up to him. (4) 对学生来说在学习和玩耍之间保持平衡是很重要的。 【答案】It’s important for students to keep a balance between study and play. (5) 我敬佩她，因为她的善良和无私。 【答案】I admire him most because of his hard work and courage. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $