新课9 必修第一册 Unit 4 Natural Disasters（词汇+课文）（人教版）（教材预习，全国通用）英语初升高衔接

新人教版必修一 Unit 4 Natural Disasters (单词+课文） 目录 重点速记：单元词汇、词块词组梳理 课文聚焦：课文预习、重难句式讲解 学以致用：巩固提升，点面夯实突破 重点速记 一、重点单词 1. disaster n. 灾难；灾害 派生：disastrous adj. 灾难性的；disastrously adv. 灾难性地 英文：The flood is a terrible natural disaster. The storm had a disastrous influence on villages. The area was disastrously hit by the typhoon. 中文：这场洪水是一场可怕的自然灾害。这场暴风雨给村庄带来了灾难性的影响。该地区遭到台风的严重重创。 2. rescue n. & vt. 营救；救援 派生：rescuer n. 救援人员；rescue team 救援队 英文：Soldiers rushed to rescue trapped villagers. The rescue lasted three days. 中文：士兵火速前去营救被困村民。这场救援持续了三天。 3. damage vt. 损害；破坏；n. 损坏；损失 派生：damaged adj. 受损的；do damage to 对…… 造成破坏 英文：The typhoon damaged hundreds of houses. The damaged roads need repairing. 中文：台风损毁了数百栋房屋。受损的道路需要修缮。 4. destroy vt. 摧毁；毁灭 派生：destruction n. 毁灭；destructive adj. 破坏性的 英文：The volcanic eruption destroyed the whole village. The storm is destructive. 中文：火山爆发摧毁了整座村庄。这场风暴极具破坏力。 5. affect vt. 影响；（疾病）侵袭；深深打动 派生：effect n. 影响；effective adj. 有效的 英文：Many crops were affected by drought. The story affected all the rescuers. 中文：大批农作物受旱灾影响。这个故事深深打动了所有救援人员。 6. shelter n. 避难处；庇护；vt. 保护；掩蔽；vi. 躲避 派生：shelter from 躲避……；sheltered adj. 受庇护的 英文：We took shelter in a temporary house. Trees shelter us from strong winds. 中文：我们在临时安置房里避难。树木为我们遮挡狂风。 7. ruin n. & vt. 破坏；毁坏 派生：ruined adj. 毁坏的；in ruins 沦为废墟 英文：The flood ruined all their crops. The old town lay in ruins after the hurricane. 中文：洪水毁掉了他们所有庄稼。飓风过后这座古镇一片废墟。 8. shock n. 震惊；休克；vt. （使）震惊 派生：shocked adj. 感到震惊的；shocking adj. 令人震惊的 英文：The news of the disaster shocked the whole country. He fell into shock after the accident. 中文：这场灾难的消息震惊全国。事故后他陷入休克。 9. electricity n. 电；电能 派生：electric adj. 电动的；electrical adj. 电力相关的 英文：The storm cut off all electricity in the town. We use electric lamps for light. 中文：暴风雨切断了小镇全部电力。我们用电灯照明。 10. trap vt. 使落入险境；n. 险境；陷阱 派生：be trapped in 被困在……；trapped adj. 被困的 英文：Many residents were trapped under fallen buildings. They set traps for wild animals. 中文：许多居民被困在倒塌的建筑下。他们设置陷阱捕捉野兽。 11. bury vt. 埋葬；安葬 派生：be buried under 被埋在…… 下；burial n. 埋葬 英文：Volcanic ash buried many houses. They buried the victims respectfully. 中文：火山灰掩埋了大量房屋。他们庄重安葬遇难者。 12. breathe vi.&vt. 呼吸 派生：breath n. 呼吸；out of breath 气喘吁吁 英文：People can hardly breathe in thick smoke. He took a deep breath to calm down. 中文：浓烟里人们难以呼吸。他深吸一口气平复心情。 13. effort n. 努力；尽力 派生：make every effort 竭尽全力；effortless adj. 毫不费力的 英文：All rescue workers spared no effort to save survivors. Success needs constant effort. 中文：所有救援人员拼尽全力营救幸存者。成功离不开持续的努力。 14. wisdom n. 智慧；才智 派生：wise adj. 明智的；wisely adv. 明智地 英文：We learn survival wisdom from natural disasters. Wise choices reduce losses. 中文：我们从自然灾害中学习生存智慧。明智的抉择能减少损失。 15. context n. 上下文；语境；背景 派生：in this context 在这种情况下；contextual adj. 背景的 英文：We should understand disasters in social context. Guess words from the context. 中文：我们要结合社会背景看待灾害。结合上下文猜测词义。 16. suffer vt. 遭受；蒙受；vi. 受苦 派生：suffering n. 苦难；suffer from 遭受（疾病 / 灾害） 英文：The area suffered a heavy typhoon last month. Local people suffered great pain. 中文：该地区上月遭遇强台风。当地百姓承受巨大苦难。 17. volcano n. 火山 派生：volcanic adj. 火山的；volcanic ash 火山灰 英文：No one expected the volcano to erupt suddenly. Volcanic gas polluted the air. 中文：没人预料火山会突然喷发。火山气体污染了空气。 18. erupt vi.&vt. （火山）爆发；喷出 派生：eruption n. 爆发；volcanic eruption 火山喷发 英文：The mountain erupted at midnight. The eruption covered nearby lands with ash. 中文：这座山午夜喷发。喷发出来的火山灰覆盖周边土地。 19. supply n. 补给品；vt. 供应；供给 派生：supply sb. with sth. 给某人提供某物；daily supplies 日常物资 英文：The government supplied food to disaster areas. Water supplies are running low. 中文：政府向灾区调配粮食。饮用水补给即将耗尽。 20. typhoon n. 台风 派生：typhoon warning 台风预警；typhoon shelter 避风避难所 英文：The local government issued a typhoon warning last night. The typhoon hit the coast hard. 中文：当地政府昨夜发布台风预警。台风猛烈袭击海岸。 21. hurricane n. 飓风 派生：hurricane season 飓风季；hurricane damage 飓风灾害损失 英文：Hurricanes often bring huge waves and heavy rains. The hurricane destroyed coastal towns. 中文：飓风常带来巨浪与暴雨。飓风摧毁了沿海城镇。 22. survive vi. 存活；vt. 幸存；艰难度过 派生：survivor n. 幸存者；survival n. 生存；幸存 英文：Few people survived the volcanic eruption. The survival skills saved their lives. 中文：这场火山喷发几乎无人幸存。生存技能救了他们的命。 23. power n. 电力；力量；控制力 派生：power cut 停电；powerful adj. 强大的 英文：The flood caused a serious power cut. Powerful winds swept the whole city. 中文：洪水造成大规模停电。狂风席卷整座城市。 24. emergency n. 突发事件；紧急情况 派生：emergency aid 紧急救援；emergency room 急诊室 英文：Call for help when you meet an emergency. Emergency supplies arrived quickly. 中文：遇到紧急情况立刻呼救。应急物资迅速送达。 25. slide vi.&vt. （使）滑行；滑动 派生：sliding adj. 滑动的；slide n. 滑梯；滑坡 英文：The stones slide down the mountain after rain. Sliding rocks blocked the road. 中文：雨后石块从山上滑落。滑坡的碎石堵住了道路。 26. aid n. 援助；救援物资；vt. 帮助 派生：first aid 急救；give aid to 援助…… 英文：International aid arrived in the disaster zone. We learned basic first aid skills. 中文：国际援助抵达灾区。我们学习基础急救技能。 27. crash vt.&vi. 碰撞；撞击；n. 撞车 派生：crash into 撞上；plane crash 飞机失事 英文：Trees crashed down in the strong storm. A truck crash blocked the rescue road. 中文：狂风暴雨中树木轰然倒塌。卡车相撞堵塞救援通道。 28. sweep vt.&vi. 席卷；清扫 派生：sweep away 冲走；sweeping adj. 席卷一切的 英文：The flood swept away many houses. Strong winds swept across the plain. 中文：洪水冲走许多房屋。狂风席卷整片平原。 29. strike vi.&vt. 侵袭；击打；n. 袭击 派生：strike hard 猛烈侵袭；a disaster strike 灾害来袭 英文：The typhoon struck the southern coast early morning. Lightning struck the old tower. 中文：清晨台风侵袭南部海岸。闪电击中了古老塔楼。 30. summary n. 总结；概要 派生：summarize vt. 概括；in summary 总而言之 英文：Write a short summary of the disaster report. Summarize the rescue process briefly. 中文：写一份灾害报告简短摘要。简要概括救援全过程。 二、重点短语： 1.natural disasters 自然灾售 2.volcanic eruption 火山爆发 3.rescue worker 牧援人员 4 flood-hit area 巡受水灾的地区 5.set up shelters 建邀难所 6.as if似乎，好像，仿佛 7.come to an end sack 8in ruins 严重受损；破收不堪 9 in shock 震惊；吃惊 10 dig out 挖出 11 medical care 医疗护理 12 on one's feel 病后（痊愈）；（困境后）恢复 13 tireless efforts 坚持不懈的努力 14 become/be a home to... 成为/是⋯…的家乡 15 in times of 在⋯••时期 16.stay positive 保持积极乐观 17.suffer from 遭受⋯⋯之苦；患⋯⋯病 18.in the open air i&* 19.hold on 抓紧 20.tap on 轻敲，轻拍 21.safely instructions 安全指南 22.stay/keep/remain calm 保持镇静 23.stay away from 离开；避开 24.first aid kit 急救箱 25.on hand 现有（尤指帮助）；在手头 26 in danger from.. 处于来自…••的危险中 27.crash into 抓上 28.sweep away 冲走，吹走；消灭，彻底消除 29.stand at sth. 达特定水平（或数量、高度等） 30.carry out 执行；实行；贯彻 31.out of gratitude 出于感激 32.in a wish to do sth. 希望做某事 33.in the event of.. 在发生••的情况下；如果…⋯发生 34 out of/from nowhere 不知从哪儿来；突然发生/出现 35.a series of... 一系列的…… 36.in all directions 朝四面八方 三、词形转化： 1.volcano n.火山—volcanic eadj.火山的 2.erupt vi.（火山）爆发；（岩浆、烟慾）喷出eruption n.爆发 3 destroy vi.毁灭，推毁-destroyer破坏者，毁灭—destruction n. 破坏，推毁—destructive(adj.)毁灭性的，引起破坏的  4.die vi. 死—dead adj.死亡的一deadly adv. 致命的一death n.死，死亡；死亡事件 5 shock n.震惊；令人震惊的事；休克 vt.（使）能惊一shocked adj. 感到震惊的—shocking adj.令人震惊的 6.electricity n.电—electric adj、电的，用电的 7.breath n.呼吸—breathe vt.&vi.呼吸—breathless气喘吁吁的 8.revive vt.&vi.复活；（使）苏醒一revival n.复兴，复苏 9.effort n.努力；艰难的尝试；尽力—-effortless adj.不需费力的，容易的 10 wise adj.聪明的一wisdom n.智慧；才智 11 suffer w.道受；蒙受；（因疾病、痛苦、悲伤等）受苦—sufferer n.受苦者，受难者，患病者一suffering n，疼痛，折磨；痛苦，苦恼 12 survive u. 幸存；vi.存活，继续存在—survivor n. 幸存者，生还者—survival n.幸存，生存 13 power n.电力供应；能量；能力；影响力 vt.驱动一powerful adj. 强大的 14 strike vt. & vi.侵袭，爆发；vt.击，打一striker n.罢者一striking adj. 引人注目的，显著的—stricken adj.受灾的，患病的，受困扰的 15 deliver vt. & vi. 递送，传达；vt..发表—delivery n.递送 16 summary n. 总结，概括—summarize v. & vi. 总结 核心词汇精讲 1.rescue n.& vt.营救;救援 An official from the rescue centre said the rescue operation was a race against time. 救援中心的一名官员表示,救援行动就是与时间赛跑。 With the help of a ladder,neighbours were able to rescue the trapped woman from the big fire. 邻居们借助一把梯子把受困的女士从大火中救了出来。 归纳拓展 ·rescue sb/sth from ...从……中营救某人/某物 ·come to one’s rescue=rescue sb援救某人 填空 ①At noon we finally 　　　　 (rescue) the tourists who were trapped in the valley.  ②He and his classmates were crying on the playground,not knowing what was going on,when the rescue workers came 　　　　 their rescue.  ③The firemen rescued six children 　　　　 the burning house yesterday.  A fire broke out in that building yesterday and the Smiths were caught in the fire.The rescue team immediately came to their rescue and rescued all the family from the big fire. 昨天那栋楼里发生了火灾,史密斯一家被困在了火中。救援队立即赶来援救,把这一家人全都从大火中救出来了。 2.damage vt.损害;破坏n.损坏;损失 Habitat loss,pesticide use,and climate change have caused dramatic declines in pollinator populations over the past couple of decades,which has damaged the US agricultural economy. 在过去的几十年里,栖息地的丧失、灭虫剂的使用以及气候变化已经导致了传粉昆虫数量的急剧下降,这破坏了美国的农业经济。 Once,when trying a certain trick on the beam(横杆),I fell onto the stones,damaging a nerve in my hand... 一次,我在尝试横杆滑板技巧的时候,摔倒在石头上,伤到了手上的神经…… 归纳拓展 ·cause/do damage to对……造成损害 pay for the damage赔偿损失 ·damage one’s health损害某人的健康 (1)填空 ①The old lady did everything in her power to protect the old temple from 　　　　 (damage).  ②The storm did some damage 　　　　 the crops.  (2)一句多译 众所周知,白色垃圾会对环境造成很大的危害。 ③ 　 (damage vt.)  ④ 　 (damage n.)  3.affect vt.影响;(疾病)侵袭;深深打动effect n.作用;影响;结果;效果 As far as I’m concerned,following others’ advice without thinking will affect our own decision. 在我看来,不假思索地接受他人的意见将影响我们自己的决定。 Affected by the professor’s inspiring speech,she determined to be a scientist in her future. 被教授鼓舞人心的演讲深深打动,她决定将来要成为一名科学家。 归纳拓展 ·be affected by 受……的影响;被……深深打动 be affected with 感染……疾病 ·have an effect/influence/impact on 对……有影响 (1)填空 ①Last week,the big storm 　　　　 (affect) the village greatly,destroying houses and causing a few deaths.  ②Affected 　　　　 a bad cold,Tom still continued to do his work.  (2)完成句子 ③　　　　　　　　 (被……深深地打动) the story in the book,the little boy couldn’t hold back his tears.  ④Scientists are convinced that laughter 　　　　　　　　 (对……有积极的影响) people’s physical and mental health.  4.ruin n.& vt.破坏;毁坏 The whole city lay in ruins after the earthquake,which made us awake all night. 地震之后整个城市成了一片废墟,这让我们彻夜未眠。 The sudden coming of the shower ruined our picnic in the park last Sunday. 上周日突如其来的阵雨毁了我们在公园的野餐。 归纳拓展 ·lie/be in ruins成为废墟;严重受损;破败不堪 fall into ruin灭亡;毁坏;败落 ·ruin one’s future/health/fame毁掉某人的前程/健康/名誉 damage 表示“损害;破坏”,主要指对价值和功能的破坏,多用于无生命的事物,一般可以修复 destroy 表示“摧毁;毁灭”,主要指通过某种有力的或粗暴的手段使之毁灭或变得无用,一般不能或很难恢复 ruin 表示“破坏;毁坏”,表示严重破坏,以致不能修复,但这种破坏不像destroy那样毁灭得彻底,而是强调致使某物的使用价值产生了问题 (1)填空 ①With time going on,the castle which was once a beautiful sight is now totally 　　　　 ruins.  ②Shortly after suffering from a big earthquake and being reduced to 　　　　 (ruin),the city took on a new look.  ③He made a mistake,　　　　 (ruin) his chance to be promoted as the manager of the company.  (2)完成句子 ④He is a man of vision and thought,and will not let these little things   　 (毁掉他的大好前程).  5.shock n.震惊;令人震惊的事;休克vt.(使)震惊 shocked adj.震惊的;惊讶的shocking adj.令人震惊的 Rescue workers were shocked by what they saw. 救援人员被眼前的景象惊呆了。 I looked at him in shock,waiting for him to tell me that I had misunderstood everything. 我震惊地望着他,等着他告诉我,这一切都是我的误解。 归纳拓展 ·be a shock to sb使……吃惊 in shock 震惊;吃惊 to one’s shock 令某人震惊的是 ·be shocked at/by sth 对……吃惊 be shocked to do sth 做某事很吃惊 be shocked that 对……感到吃惊 填空 ①The boy lay on the beach,exhausted and 　　　　 (shock).  ② Of course,there are some people who find the decision 　　　　 (shock) and unreasonable,but there are more people who think it’s fine.  ③Everybody was 　　　　 shock when hearing they would take a test on Sunday instead of having a picnic.  ④His situation was 　　　　 great shock to all of us.  6.trap vt.使落入险境;使陷入圈套n.险境;陷阱 When travelling they were trapped in the mountain,waiting to be rescued. 旅行时,他们被困在山上,等待救援。 It was too late for the rat to realise that it was a trap waiting for the rat. 老鼠意识到这是一个等待它的陷阱,但为时已晚。 Rescuers were still working their way towards the trapped men. 营救人员仍在艰难地向被困者的方向前进。 归纳拓展 ·be trapped in...被困在……;陷入……中 trap sb into (doing) sth 诱使某人(做)某事/陷入某事 ·set a trap for给……设置陷阱;布下圈套 fall into a trap落入圈套/陷阱 填空 ①He tried to save two tourists who 　　　　 (trap) in the mountains for two days.  ②If you choose this way,you will probably fall into 　　　　 trap.  ③The little rabbit was smart and swift,avoiding falling 　　　　 the trap set by the fox.  7.bury vt.埋葬;安葬 She held her mother closely,burying her head against her mother’s shoulder. 她紧紧地抱住她的妈妈,把头靠在她妈妈的肩上。 He buries himself in the medicine research,which he believes will save many people’s lives. 他潜心于医学研究,他相信这将挽救许多人的生命。 He is buried in writing his novel;in other words,he can’t spare any time to take a trip with us. 他埋头写小说;换句话说,他抽不出一点时间和我们一起去旅行。 归纳拓展 bury one’s face/head in one’s hands双手掩面/捂头 bury oneself in (doing) sth=be buried in (doing) sth 埋头于/专心于(做)某事 (1)完成句子 ①Upon hearing the news,he 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 (双手掩面).  (2)一句多译 由于埋头读书,他不知道外面下雪了。 ② 　 (使用burying作状语)  ③ 　 (使用buried作状语)  8.effort n.努力;艰难的尝试;尽力 You can view these practices as a toolbox meant to aid your efforts to build a minimalist lifestyle that works for your particular circumstances. 你可以将这些做法视为一个工具箱,旨在帮助你建立一种适合自己个人情况的极简主义生活方式。 ...but long-distance friendships—even close ones—may require more conscious effort to sustain. 但是异地友谊——即使是关系亲密的友谊——可能需要更加自觉地去努力维系。 归纳拓展 put one’s effort into doing sth把某人的精力投入到做某事中 make an effort/efforts to do sth努力/尽力做某事 spare no effort to do sth不遗余力地做某事 with/without effort费力地/毫不费力地 (1)填空 ①Parents often arrange everything for their children and spare no effort 　　　　 (help) their children achieve success.  ②I don’t like to make friends with people who don’t make 　　　　 effort.  (2)一句多译 我们将竭尽全力帮你走出困境。 ③ 　 (make every effort)  ④ 　 (spare no effort)  9.suffer vt.遭受;蒙受vi.(因疾病、痛苦、悲伤等)受苦 suffering n.苦难;痛苦;疼痛;折磨sufferer n.受难者;患病者 If I choose not to learn from people of great virtue,I will suffer a great loss. 如果我不肯向品德优秀的人学习,我的损失是很大的。 There are always some ups and downs in our lives,but it is the suffering that make us stronger. 生活中总有一些起起伏伏,但是正是苦难让我们更加坚强。 归纳拓展 suffer from 患……病;因……而受苦;遭受 suffer losses/pain遭受损失/痛苦 完成句子 ①已经筹集了很多钱来帮助遭受洪灾的人们。 Much money has been raised to help those  　　　　　　　　.  ②尽管遭受如此严重的自然灾害,但只要不灰心,我们终会克服困难。 Although 　　　　　　　　 such a serious natural disaster,we’ll eventually overcome the difficulty as long as we don’t lose heart.  10.supply n.供应(量);补给;[pl.]补给品vt.供应;供给 Low-priced goods of good quality are always in short supply. 物美价廉的商品总是供不应求。 The government has supplied plenty of food and clothes to the local people since the earthquake occurred. →The government has supplied the local people with plenty of food and clothes since the earthquake occurred. 政府在地震发生后已经向当地人民提供了大量的食物和衣服。 归纳拓展 ·in short supply 供应不足 ·supply sth to sb向某人提供某物 supply sb with sth给某人供应某物 表示“给某人提供某物”的其他表达: provide sb with sth=provide sth for sb offer sb sth=offer sth to sb (1)一句多译 这个图书馆非常大,可以提供你需要的各种书籍。 ①This library is very large and can 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 that you need.  ②This library is very large and can　　　　　　　　　 that you need 　　　 you.  (2)填空 ③I want to know the reason why the fresh fruit is 　　　　 short supply in this area.  ④Food 　　　　 (supply) in the flood-hit area are running out.  11.survive vi.生存;存活vt.幸存;艰难度过 survivor n.幸存者;生还者survival n.幸存;残存物 Had she managed to find her way back home,or was she still out there somewhere struggling to survive? 她是已经找到了回家的路还是仍然在某个地方努力地生存呢? She survived her husband by ten years,which can be owing to her healthy lifestyle. 她比她丈夫多活了十年,这可能得益于她健康的生活方式。 归纳拓展 survive sth幸免于/从……中挺过来/活过来 survive from...从……存活下来 survive on...依靠……生存下来 A survive B by...A比B活得长…… (1)写出下列句中survive的含义 ①The traveller trapped in the lonely island survived on the fish caught in the sea.　　　　　　　  ②He was very lucky that he didn’t starve to death,and survived the cold winter.　　　　　　　  ③The old lady has survived her elder brother by ten years.　　　　　　　  (2)完成句子 ④据我所知,他在沙漠里靠一瓶水活了下来。 As far as I know,he 　　　　　　　　 a bottle of water in the desert.  课文聚焦 一、原文呈现： Describe a natural disaster 1.Work in pairs. Discuss what can happen to a city during a big earthquake. 2.Look at the title and photo below and guess what the text is about. Then read and check if you are right. THE NIGHT THE EARTHDIDN’T SLEEP（［修辞手法］拟人） Strange things were happening in the countryside of northeastern Hebei. For several days, the water in the village wells①rose and fell②, rose and fell. There were deep cracks③ that appearedin the well walls（that引导的定语从句，修饰先行词cracks，that在从句中作主语。）. At least one well had some smelly gas④ coming out of it（动词-ing短语作后置定语，修饰gas。）. Chickens and even pigs were too nervous to eat ( too...to... 太……而不能……),and dogs refused to go inside buildings. Mice ran out of the fields looking for places to hide（动词-ing短语作伴随状语，Mice与look for之间为逻辑上的主谓关系。）, and fish jumped out of the water. At about 3:00 a.m., on 28 July 1976, bright lights were seen in the sky outside the city of Tangshan and loud noises were heard. But the city’s one million people were asleep as usual⑤ that night. At 3:42 a.m., everything began to shake. It seemed as if ⑥ the world were coming to an end⑦ ！（［句型］It seemed as if...表示"看起来好像……"，as if引导表语从句，该从句使用了虚拟语气（从句中be动词的过去式通常用were而不是was））。Eleven kilometres directly below ⑧ the city, one of the most deadly⑨ earthquakes of the 20th century had begun, a quake that even caused damage more than 150 kilometres away in Beijing.【1】Nearly one third⑩ of the whole nation felt it! A huge crack, eight kilometres long and 30 metres wide（两个并列的形容词短语作后置定语,修饰crack）, cut across⑪houses, roads, and waterways​^⑫ . Hard hills of rock became rivers of dirt. （［修辞手法］此处使用了隐喻（metaphor）的修辞方法，将泥石流比喻成河流。使用隐喻时，我们通常把被描写的事物比喻成与之相似的事物，但不在句子中使用like,as等表示"像"的词语。）In less than one minute, a large city lay in ruins⑬ . Two thirds of the people who lived there（"分数+of+名词"作主语时，谓语动词的 数与名词的数保持一致。此处were与people的数保持一致。） were （who引导的定语从句，修饰先行词people， who在从句中作主语。） dead or injured. Thousands of children were left. .. .without parents.（"leave+宾语+宾补"结构的被动形式） The number of​⑭ people who were killed or badly injured in the quake（［思考］此处who引导什么类型的从句呢？） was more than 400,000. Everywhere survivors⑮ looked, （Everywhere作连词，引导地点状语从句。） there was nothing but ruins（［句型］There was/is nothing but...表示"除了……之外，什么都没有"或"无一不是……"。but是介词，表示"除……之外"。）. Nearly everything in the city was destroyed. About 75 percent⑯ of the city’s factories and buildings, 90 percent of its homes, and all of its hospitals were gone⑰. Bricks⑱ covered the ground like red autumn leaves（［修辞手法］此处使用了明喻（simile）的修辞方法。明喻不同于隐喻，它直接在句子中使用like,as,as...as...等表示"像"的词语或结构，来明确地比喻和描述。）, but no wind could blow them away.. .Most bridges had fallen or . .were not safe. .to cross. （［句型］主语+be+adj. （+for sb.） +动词不定式）The railway tracks were now useless⑲ pieces of metal⑳ . Tens of thousands of cows,hundreds of thousands of pigs, and millions of chickens were dead. Sand now filled the wells instead of water. People were in shock㉑ —and then, later that afternoon, another big quake shook Tangshan again. Even more buildings fell down. Water, food, and electricity㉒ were hard to get.（［思考］此处使用了什么句型呢？） People began to wonder how long the disaster would last（how引导的宾语从句，作wonder 的宾语。）. But hope was not lost. Soon after the quakes, the army sent 150,000 soldiers to Tangshan to dig out㉓ those who were trapped㉔ and to bury㉕ the dead㉖ （两个并列的动词不定式短语作宾语补语，其中who引导定语从句，从句修饰先行词those。先行词为those且指人时，定语从句常用who引导。）. More than 10,000 doctors and nurses came to provide medical care㉗ . Workers built shelters for survivors whose homes had been destroyed（whose引导的定语从句，修饰先行词survivors，whose 在从句中作定语修饰homes。）. Hundreds of thousands of people were helped. Water and food were brought into the city by train, truck, and plane. Slowly, the city began to breathe㉘ again.（［修辞手法］此处使用了拟人（personification）的修辞方法，把事物人格化，将事物变得和人一样，会做出动作或拥有感情。） Tangshan started to revive㉙ itself and get back up on its feet㉚ . （［修辞手法］拟人）With strong support from the government and the tireless efforts㉛ of the city’s people, a new Tangshan was built upon㉜ the earthquake ruins. The new city has become a home to㉝ more than seven million people, with great improvements in transportation, industry, and environment. Tangshan city has proved to China and the rest of the world that​㉞ in times of㉟ disaster, people must unify㊱ and show the wisdom㊲ to stay positive㊳ and rebuild for a brighter future.【2】 二、课文研习： 1）课文翻译 地球的不眠之夜 河北省东北部的农村地区怪事连连。一连几天，村里的井水升升降降，起起伏伏，井壁上出现了深深的裂缝，至少有一口水井冒出臭气。鸡甚至猪都焦躁不安，不愿进食；狗拒绝进入屋内。老鼠跑到田外寻找藏身之所；鱼儿也跳出水面。1976年7月28日凌晨3：00左右，唐山城外的天空中出现了耀眼的亮光，接着又传出巨大的声响。然而，那天晚上，城里的百万居民仍像往常一样沉睡在梦乡。 凌晨3:42，万物开始摇晃，仿佛世界末日即将来临！在城市正下方的11千米处，20世纪伤亡最严重的地震之一爆发了，远在150多千米以外的北京都受到了这场地震的破坏，全国近三分之一的地区均有震感! 一条8千米长、30米宽的巨大裂缝横切房屋、道路和水路。坚硬的石山变成了泥石流。在不到一分钟的时间里，一座大城市沦为废墟。城里三分之二的居民遇难或受伤，数以千计的孩子失去了父母。在此次地震中丧生或身受重伤的人数超过了40万。 幸存者目及之处无一不是废墟，城市里几乎万物尽毁。全市大约75%的工厂和建筑、90%的住房和所有的医院都荡然无存了。砖块就像秋天的红叶覆盖着地面，但是却没有风能将其吹走。大多数桥梁坍塌或无法安全通行；铁轨变成了废金属块；数万头奶牛、数十万头猪和数百万只鸡也都死掉了。井中满是沙子而非井水。人们惊恐万状，然而临近傍晚时分，又一场强烈的地震侵袭了唐山。更多的楼房倒塌了，水、食物和电都难以获取。人们开始疑惑这场灾难将会持续多久。然而，希望尚存。地震发生后不久，部队派出了15万名士兵奔赴唐山，将受困群众从废墟中挖出来，并掩埋了死者。上万名医护人员赶到现场，救死扶伤。工人们为那些家园被毁的幸存者盖起了庇护所。数十万人获得了帮助。火车、卡车和飞机给城市运来了食物和饮用水。慢慢地，这座城市又开始恢复了生机。 唐山重新站起来并获得了新生。在政府的大力支持以及市民的不懈努力下，一座新的唐山在地震废墟上被建立起来。这座新的城市已经成为700多万人的家园，交通、工业和环境都得到了巨大的改善。唐山向中国以及全世界证明，在灾难发生之际，人们必须团结一致，展现智慧，保持积极乐观的心态，重建一个更为璀璨的未来。 2） 课文语篇结构 3） 重难句式 1. Chickens and even pigs were too nervous to eat, and dogs refused to go inside buildings. 鸡甚至连猪都太紧张而不能吃东西，狗也不愿意进屋里去。 2. Soon after the quakes, the army sent 150,000 soldiers to Tangshan to dig out those who were trapped and to bury the dead. 地震刚刚过去，部队派出了15万名战士奔赴唐山，将受困群众从废墟中挖出，并掩埋死者。 3. The most powerful earthquake in the past 40 years caused a tsunami that crashed into coastlines across Asia yesterday, killing more than 6,500 people in Indonesia, India, Thailand, Malaysia, and at least four other countries. 过去40年来最强的一次地震引起的海啸昨天登陆了亚洲海岸，造成印度尼西亚、印度、泰国、马来西亚以及其他至少四个国家的6,500多人死亡。 4. I was having breakfast with my three children when water started filling my home. 我正和我的三个孩子一起吃早饭，突然海水开始灌到我家。 5. However, dangerous conditions and damaged roads will make it difficult to deliver food and supplies. 然而，危险的状况以及受损的道路将会使得运送食物和物资变得困难。 6. It seemed as if the world were coming to an end! 仿佛世界末日即将来临！ 学以致用 一、单词拼写 1.The eruption of this _________ (火山)would be destructive. 2.The rising price of fuel is largely a result of an independence between _______(供应) and demand. 3.They escaped through an __________(紧急)exit and called the police. 4.If you choose an article in French ,please still write your ___________(概要). 5.I tried to persuade him , but with little or no __________(效果). 6.The president will _____________(发表) a speech on education. 7.My mother often reminds me ,“Stay_____________(镇静)”,and I need that advice frequently. 8.Mary __________(轻拍)her forehead and looked annoyed with herself. 9.In the Pacific such storms are called cyclones(旋风),while in the Atlantic are typically called ________(飓风). 10.The plane _________(坠毁)mysteriously near the island. 二、课文语法填空 Strange things happened before the Tangshan earthquake. For several days on end, the water in the village wells 　1　(rise) and fell. The well walls had deep cracks. Chickens and pigs were too nervous 　2　(eat). At 3:42 on the morning of 28 July, 1976, everything began to shake. 　3　 seemed as if the world were coming to an end! Nearly one third of China felt the power of the quake. Hard hills of rock became rivers of dirt. Within one minute, 　4　 whole city lay in ruins—almost everything was destroyed. Two thirds of people there died or got 　5　(injure). People were 　6　(shock) at this and what was worse, then another big quake hit Tangshan again. People got into deep trouble, 　7　(wonder) how long the disaster would last. The army organized teams to dig out those 　8　 were trapped and to bury the dead. Workers built shelters for 　9　(survivor). Fresh water was taken to the city. Gradually, the city began to breathe again. With effective support from the government and the tireless efforts of the city's people, a new Tangshan was 　10　(final) built on the earthquake ruins.   1.　　　　　　2.　　　　　　3.　　　　　　4.　　　　　　5.　　　　　   6.　　　　　　7.　　　　　　8.　　　　　　9.　　　　　　10.　　　　　   三、完成句子 1.为了有一个健康的饮食,我开始学习如何包饺子。(effort) 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　, I set out to learn how to make dumplings.   2.她的头发越发灰白了,就像盖上了霜和雪。(as if) Her hair grew greyer and greyer, and it seemed 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 frost and snow.(读后续写—外貌描写)   3.The two countries are at war and the shelters are not big enough to accommodate all the children.(句型转换) →The two countries are at war and the shelters are 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 all the children.(too...to...)   →The two countries are at war and the shelters are 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 all the children.(so...that...)　  1 / 12 zxxk.com 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 新人教版必修一 Unit 4 Natural Disasters (单词+课文） 目录 重点速记：单元词汇、词块词组梳理 课文聚焦：课文预习、重难句式讲解 学以致用：巩固提升，点面夯实突破 重点速记 一、重点单词 1. disaster n. 灾难；灾害 派生：disastrous adj. 灾难性的；disastrously adv. 灾难性地 英文：The flood is a terrible natural disaster. The storm had a disastrous influence on villages. The area was disastrously hit by the typhoon. 中文：这场洪水是一场可怕的自然灾害。这场暴风雨给村庄带来了灾难性的影响。该地区遭到台风的严重重创。 2. rescue n. & vt. 营救；救援 派生：rescuer n. 救援人员；rescue team 救援队 英文：Soldiers rushed to rescue trapped villagers. The rescue lasted three days. 中文：士兵火速前去营救被困村民。这场救援持续了三天。 3. damage vt. 损害；破坏；n. 损坏；损失 派生：damaged adj. 受损的；do damage to 对…… 造成破坏 英文：The typhoon damaged hundreds of houses. The damaged roads need repairing. 中文：台风损毁了数百栋房屋。受损的道路需要修缮。 4. destroy vt. 摧毁；毁灭 派生：destruction n. 毁灭；destructive adj. 破坏性的 英文：The volcanic eruption destroyed the whole village. The storm is destructive. 中文：火山爆发摧毁了整座村庄。这场风暴极具破坏力。 5. affect vt. 影响；（疾病）侵袭；深深打动 派生：effect n. 影响；effective adj. 有效的 英文：Many crops were affected by drought. The story affected all the rescuers. 中文：大批农作物受旱灾影响。这个故事深深打动了所有救援人员。 6. shelter n. 避难处；庇护；vt. 保护；掩蔽；vi. 躲避 派生：shelter from 躲避……；sheltered adj. 受庇护的 英文：We took shelter in a temporary house. Trees shelter us from strong winds. 中文：我们在临时安置房里避难。树木为我们遮挡狂风。 7. ruin n. & vt. 破坏；毁坏 派生：ruined adj. 毁坏的；in ruins 沦为废墟 英文：The flood ruined all their crops. The old town lay in ruins after the hurricane. 中文：洪水毁掉了他们所有庄稼。飓风过后这座古镇一片废墟。 8. shock n. 震惊；休克；vt. （使）震惊 派生：shocked adj. 感到震惊的；shocking adj. 令人震惊的 英文：The news of the disaster shocked the whole country. He fell into shock after the accident. 中文：这场灾难的消息震惊全国。事故后他陷入休克。 9. electricity n. 电；电能 派生：electric adj. 电动的；electrical adj. 电力相关的 英文：The storm cut off all electricity in the town. We use electric lamps for light. 中文：暴风雨切断了小镇全部电力。我们用电灯照明。 10. trap vt. 使落入险境；n. 险境；陷阱 派生：be trapped in 被困在……；trapped adj. 被困的 英文：Many residents were trapped under fallen buildings. They set traps for wild animals. 中文：许多居民被困在倒塌的建筑下。他们设置陷阱捕捉野兽。 11. bury vt. 埋葬；安葬 派生：be buried under 被埋在…… 下；burial n. 埋葬 英文：Volcanic ash buried many houses. They buried the victims respectfully. 中文：火山灰掩埋了大量房屋。他们庄重安葬遇难者。 12. breathe vi.&vt. 呼吸 派生：breath n. 呼吸；out of breath 气喘吁吁 英文：People can hardly breathe in thick smoke. He took a deep breath to calm down. 中文：浓烟里人们难以呼吸。他深吸一口气平复心情。 13. effort n. 努力；尽力 派生：make every effort 竭尽全力；effortless adj. 毫不费力的 英文：All rescue workers spared no effort to save survivors. Success needs constant effort. 中文：所有救援人员拼尽全力营救幸存者。成功离不开持续的努力。 14. wisdom n. 智慧；才智 派生：wise adj. 明智的；wisely adv. 明智地 英文：We learn survival wisdom from natural disasters. Wise choices reduce losses. 中文：我们从自然灾害中学习生存智慧。明智的抉择能减少损失。 15. context n. 上下文；语境；背景 派生：in this context 在这种情况下；contextual adj. 背景的 英文：We should understand disasters in social context. Guess words from the context. 中文：我们要结合社会背景看待灾害。结合上下文猜测词义。 16. suffer vt. 遭受；蒙受；vi. 受苦 派生：suffering n. 苦难；suffer from 遭受（疾病 / 灾害） 英文：The area suffered a heavy typhoon last month. Local people suffered great pain. 中文：该地区上月遭遇强台风。当地百姓承受巨大苦难。 17. volcano n. 火山 派生：volcanic adj. 火山的；volcanic ash 火山灰 英文：No one expected the volcano to erupt suddenly. Volcanic gas polluted the air. 中文：没人预料火山会突然喷发。火山气体污染了空气。 18. erupt vi.&vt. （火山）爆发；喷出 派生：eruption n. 爆发；volcanic eruption 火山喷发 英文：The mountain erupted at midnight. The eruption covered nearby lands with ash. 中文：这座山午夜喷发。喷发出来的火山灰覆盖周边土地。 19. supply n. 补给品；vt. 供应；供给 派生：supply sb. with sth. 给某人提供某物；daily supplies 日常物资 英文：The government supplied food to disaster areas. Water supplies are running low. 中文：政府向灾区调配粮食。饮用水补给即将耗尽。 20. typhoon n. 台风 派生：typhoon warning 台风预警；typhoon shelter 避风避难所 英文：The local government issued a typhoon warning last night. The typhoon hit the coast hard. 中文：当地政府昨夜发布台风预警。台风猛烈袭击海岸。 21. hurricane n. 飓风 派生：hurricane season 飓风季；hurricane damage 飓风灾害损失 英文：Hurricanes often bring huge waves and heavy rains. The hurricane destroyed coastal towns. 中文：飓风常带来巨浪与暴雨。飓风摧毁了沿海城镇。 22. survive vi. 存活；vt. 幸存；艰难度过 派生：survivor n. 幸存者；survival n. 生存；幸存 英文：Few people survived the volcanic eruption. The survival skills saved their lives. 中文：这场火山喷发几乎无人幸存。生存技能救了他们的命。 23. power n. 电力；力量；控制力 派生：power cut 停电；powerful adj. 强大的 英文：The flood caused a serious power cut. Powerful winds swept the whole city. 中文：洪水造成大规模停电。狂风席卷整座城市。 24. emergency n. 突发事件；紧急情况 派生：emergency aid 紧急救援；emergency room 急诊室 英文：Call for help when you meet an emergency. Emergency supplies arrived quickly. 中文：遇到紧急情况立刻呼救。应急物资迅速送达。 25. slide vi.&vt. （使）滑行；滑动 派生：sliding adj. 滑动的；slide n. 滑梯；滑坡 英文：The stones slide down the mountain after rain. Sliding rocks blocked the road. 中文：雨后石块从山上滑落。滑坡的碎石堵住了道路。 26. aid n. 援助；救援物资；vt. 帮助 派生：first aid 急救；give aid to 援助…… 英文：International aid arrived in the disaster zone. We learned basic first aid skills. 中文：国际援助抵达灾区。我们学习基础急救技能。 27. crash vt.&vi. 碰撞；撞击；n. 撞车 派生：crash into 撞上；plane crash 飞机失事 英文：Trees crashed down in the strong storm. A truck crash blocked the rescue road. 中文：狂风暴雨中树木轰然倒塌。卡车相撞堵塞救援通道。 28. sweep vt.&vi. 席卷；清扫 派生：sweep away 冲走；sweeping adj. 席卷一切的 英文：The flood swept away many houses. Strong winds swept across the plain. 中文：洪水冲走许多房屋。狂风席卷整片平原。 29. strike vi.&vt. 侵袭；击打；n. 袭击 派生：strike hard 猛烈侵袭；a disaster strike 灾害来袭 英文：The typhoon struck the southern coast early morning. Lightning struck the old tower. 中文：清晨台风侵袭南部海岸。闪电击中了古老塔楼。 30. summary n. 总结；概要 派生：summarize vt. 概括；in summary 总而言之 英文：Write a short summary of the disaster report. Summarize the rescue process briefly. 中文：写一份灾害报告简短摘要。简要概括救援全过程。 二、重点短语： 1.natural disasters 自然灾售 2.volcanic eruption 火山爆发 3.rescue worker 牧援人员 4 flood-hit area 巡受水灾的地区 5.set up shelters 建邀难所 6.as if似乎，好像，仿佛 7.come to an end sack 8in ruins 严重受损；破收不堪 9 in shock 震惊；吃惊 10 dig out 挖出 11 medical care 医疗护理 12 on one's feel 病后（痊愈）；（困境后）恢复 13 tireless efforts 坚持不懈的努力 14 become/be a home to... 成为/是⋯…的家乡 15 in times of 在⋯••时期 16.stay positive 保持积极乐观 17.suffer from 遭受⋯⋯之苦；患⋯⋯病 18.in the open air i&* 19.hold on 抓紧 20.tap on 轻敲，轻拍 21.safely instructions 安全指南 22.stay/keep/remain calm 保持镇静 23.stay away from 离开；避开 24.first aid kit 急救箱 25.on hand 现有（尤指帮助）；在手头 26 in danger from.. 处于来自…••的危险中 27.crash into 抓上 28.sweep away 冲走，吹走；消灭，彻底消除 29.stand at sth. 达特定水平（或数量、高度等） 30.carry out 执行；实行；贯彻 31.out of gratitude 出于感激 32.in a wish to do sth. 希望做某事 33.in the event of.. 在发生••的情况下；如果…⋯发生 34 out of/from nowhere 不知从哪儿来；突然发生/出现 35.a series of... 一系列的…… 36.in all directions 朝四面八方 三、词形转化： 1.volcano n.火山—volcanic eadj.火山的 2.erupt vi.（火山）爆发；（岩浆、烟慾）喷出eruption n.爆发 3 destroy vi.毁灭，推毁-destroyer破坏者，毁灭—destruction n. 破坏，推毁—destructive(adj.)毁灭性的，引起破坏的  4.die vi. 死—dead adj.死亡的一deadly adv. 致命的一death n.死，死亡；死亡事件 5 shock n.震惊；令人震惊的事；休克 vt.（使）能惊一shocked adj. 感到震惊的—shocking adj.令人震惊的 6.electricity n.电—electric adj、电的，用电的 7.breath n.呼吸—breathe vt.&vi.呼吸—breathless气喘吁吁的 8.revive vt.&vi.复活；（使）苏醒一revival n.复兴，复苏 9.effort n.努力；艰难的尝试；尽力—-effortless adj.不需费力的，容易的 10 wise adj.聪明的一wisdom n.智慧；才智 11 suffer w.道受；蒙受；（因疾病、痛苦、悲伤等）受苦—sufferer n.受苦者，受难者，患病者一suffering n，疼痛，折磨；痛苦，苦恼 12 survive u. 幸存；vi.存活，继续存在—survivor n. 幸存者，生还者—survival n.幸存，生存 13 power n.电力供应；能量；能力；影响力 vt.驱动一powerful adj. 强大的 14 strike vt. & vi.侵袭，爆发；vt.击，打一striker n.罢者一striking adj. 引人注目的，显著的—stricken adj.受灾的，患病的，受困扰的 15 deliver vt. & vi. 递送，传达；vt..发表—delivery n.递送 16 summary n. 总结，概括—summarize v. & vi. 总结 核心词汇精讲 1.rescue n.& vt.营救;救援 An official from the rescue centre said the rescue operation was a race against time. 救援中心的一名官员表示,救援行动就是与时间赛跑。 With the help of a ladder,neighbours were able to rescue the trapped woman from the big fire. 邻居们借助一把梯子把受困的女士从大火中救了出来。 归纳拓展 ·rescue sb/sth from ...从……中营救某人/某物 ·come to one’s rescue=rescue sb援救某人 填空 ①At noon we finally 　　　　 (rescue) the tourists who were trapped in the valley.  ②He and his classmates were crying on the playground,not knowing what was going on,when the rescue workers came 　　　　 their rescue.  ③The firemen rescued six children 　　　　 the burning house yesterday.  答案:①rescued　②to　③from A fire broke out in that building yesterday and the Smiths were caught in the fire.The rescue team immediately came to their rescue and rescued all the family from the big fire. 昨天那栋楼里发生了火灾,史密斯一家被困在了火中。救援队立即赶来援救,把这一家人全都从大火中救出来了。 2.damage vt.损害;破坏n.损坏;损失 Habitat loss,pesticide use,and climate change have caused dramatic declines in pollinator populations over the past couple of decades,which has damaged the US agricultural economy. 在过去的几十年里,栖息地的丧失、灭虫剂的使用以及气候变化已经导致了传粉昆虫数量的急剧下降,这破坏了美国的农业经济。 Once,when trying a certain trick on the beam(横杆),I fell onto the stones,damaging a nerve in my hand... 一次,我在尝试横杆滑板技巧的时候,摔倒在石头上,伤到了手上的神经…… 归纳拓展 ·cause/do damage to对……造成损害 pay for the damage赔偿损失 ·damage one’s health损害某人的健康 (1)填空 ①The old lady did everything in her power to protect the old temple from 　　　　 (damage).  ②The storm did some damage 　　　　 the crops.  (2)一句多译 众所周知,白色垃圾会对环境造成很大的危害。 ③ 　 (damage vt.)  ④ 　 (damage n.)  答案:(1)①being damaged　②to　(2)③It’s well known that white trash greatly damages the environment.　④As we all know,white trash does great damage to the environment. 3.affect vt.影响;(疾病)侵袭;深深打动effect n.作用;影响;结果;效果 As far as I’m concerned,following others’ advice without thinking will affect our own decision. 在我看来,不假思索地接受他人的意见将影响我们自己的决定。 Affected by the professor’s inspiring speech,she determined to be a scientist in her future. 被教授鼓舞人心的演讲深深打动,她决定将来要成为一名科学家。 归纳拓展 ·be affected by 受……的影响;被……深深打动 be affected with 感染……疾病 ·have an effect/influence/impact on 对……有影响 (1)填空 ①Last week,the big storm 　　　　 (affect) the village greatly,destroying houses and causing a few deaths.  ②Affected 　　　　 a bad cold,Tom still continued to do his work.  (2)完成句子 ③　　　　　　　　 (被……深深地打动) the story in the book,the little boy couldn’t hold back his tears.  ④Scientists are convinced that laughter 　　　　　　　　 (对……有积极的影响) people’s physical and mental health.  答案:(1)①affected　②with　(2)③Affected by④has a positive effect/influence/impact on 4.ruin n.& vt.破坏;毁坏 The whole city lay in ruins after the earthquake,which made us awake all night. 地震之后整个城市成了一片废墟,这让我们彻夜未眠。 The sudden coming of the shower ruined our picnic in the park last Sunday. 上周日突如其来的阵雨毁了我们在公园的野餐。 归纳拓展 ·lie/be in ruins成为废墟;严重受损;破败不堪 fall into ruin灭亡;毁坏;败落 ·ruin one’s future/health/fame毁掉某人的前程/健康/名誉 damage 表示“损害;破坏”,主要指对价值和功能的破坏,多用于无生命的事物,一般可以修复 destroy 表示“摧毁;毁灭”,主要指通过某种有力的或粗暴的手段使之毁灭或变得无用,一般不能或很难恢复 ruin 表示“破坏;毁坏”,表示严重破坏,以致不能修复,但这种破坏不像destroy那样毁灭得彻底,而是强调致使某物的使用价值产生了问题 (1)填空 ①With time going on,the castle which was once a beautiful sight is now totally 　　　　 ruins.  ②Shortly after suffering from a big earthquake and being reduced to 　　　　 (ruin),the city took on a new look.  ③He made a mistake,　　　　 (ruin) his chance to be promoted as the manager of the company.  (2)完成句子 ④He is a man of vision and thought,and will not let these little things   　 (毁掉他的大好前程).  答案:(1)①in　②ruins　③ruining　(2)④ruin his promising future 5.shock n.震惊;令人震惊的事;休克vt.(使)震惊 shocked adj.震惊的;惊讶的shocking adj.令人震惊的 Rescue workers were shocked by what they saw. 救援人员被眼前的景象惊呆了。 I looked at him in shock,waiting for him to tell me that I had misunderstood everything. 我震惊地望着他,等着他告诉我,这一切都是我的误解。 归纳拓展 ·be a shock to sb使……吃惊 in shock 震惊;吃惊 to one’s shock 令某人震惊的是 ·be shocked at/by sth 对……吃惊 be shocked to do sth 做某事很吃惊 be shocked that 对……感到吃惊 填空 ①The boy lay on the beach,exhausted and 　　　　 (shock).  ② Of course,there are some people who find the decision 　　　　 (shock) and unreasonable,but there are more people who think it’s fine.  ③Everybody was 　　　　 shock when hearing they would take a test on Sunday instead of having a picnic.  ④His situation was 　　　　 great shock to all of us.  答案:①shocked　②shocking　③in　④a 6.trap vt.使落入险境;使陷入圈套n.险境;陷阱 When travelling they were trapped in the mountain,waiting to be rescued. 旅行时,他们被困在山上,等待救援。 It was too late for the rat to realise that it was a trap waiting for the rat. 老鼠意识到这是一个等待它的陷阱,但为时已晚。 Rescuers were still working their way towards the trapped men. 营救人员仍在艰难地向被困者的方向前进。 归纳拓展 ·be trapped in...被困在……;陷入……中 trap sb into (doing) sth 诱使某人(做)某事/陷入某事 ·set a trap for给……设置陷阱;布下圈套 fall into a trap落入圈套/陷阱 填空 ①He tried to save two tourists who 　　　　 (trap) in the mountains for two days.  ②If you choose this way,you will probably fall into 　　　　 trap.  ③The little rabbit was smart and swift,avoiding falling 　　　　 the trap set by the fox.  答案:①had been trapped　②a　③into 7.bury vt.埋葬;安葬 She held her mother closely,burying her head against her mother’s shoulder. 她紧紧地抱住她的妈妈,把头靠在她妈妈的肩上。 He buries himself in the medicine research,which he believes will save many people’s lives. 他潜心于医学研究,他相信这将挽救许多人的生命。 He is buried in writing his novel;in other words,he can’t spare any time to take a trip with us. 他埋头写小说;换句话说,他抽不出一点时间和我们一起去旅行。 归纳拓展 bury one’s face/head in one’s hands双手掩面/捂头 bury oneself in (doing) sth=be buried in (doing) sth 埋头于/专心于(做)某事 (1)完成句子 ①Upon hearing the news,he 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 (双手掩面).  (2)一句多译 由于埋头读书,他不知道外面下雪了。 ② 　 (使用burying作状语)  ③ 　 (使用buried作状语)  答案:(1)①buried his face in his hands (2)②Burying himself in reading,he didn’t know it was snowing outside.　③Buried in reading,he didn’t know it was snowing outside. 8.effort n.努力;艰难的尝试;尽力 You can view these practices as a toolbox meant to aid your efforts to build a minimalist lifestyle that works for your particular circumstances. 你可以将这些做法视为一个工具箱,旨在帮助你建立一种适合自己个人情况的极简主义生活方式。 ...but long-distance friendships—even close ones—may require more conscious effort to sustain. 但是异地友谊——即使是关系亲密的友谊——可能需要更加自觉地去努力维系。 归纳拓展 put one’s effort into doing sth把某人的精力投入到做某事中 make an effort/efforts to do sth努力/尽力做某事 spare no effort to do sth不遗余力地做某事 with/without effort费力地/毫不费力地 (1)填空 ①Parents often arrange everything for their children and spare no effort 　　　　 (help) their children achieve success.  ②I don’t like to make friends with people who don’t make 　　　　 effort.  (2)一句多译 我们将竭尽全力帮你走出困境。 ③ 　 (make every effort)  ④ 　 (spare no effort)  答案:(1)①to help　②an　(2)③We will make every effort to help you out of trouble.　④We will spare no effort to help you out of trouble. 9.suffer vt.遭受;蒙受vi.(因疾病、痛苦、悲伤等)受苦 suffering n.苦难;痛苦;疼痛;折磨sufferer n.受难者;患病者 If I choose not to learn from people of great virtue,I will suffer a great loss. 如果我不肯向品德优秀的人学习,我的损失是很大的。 There are always some ups and downs in our lives,but it is the suffering that make us stronger. 生活中总有一些起起伏伏,但是正是苦难让我们更加坚强。 归纳拓展 suffer from 患……病;因……而受苦;遭受 suffer losses/pain遭受损失/痛苦 完成句子 ①已经筹集了很多钱来帮助遭受洪灾的人们。 Much money has been raised to help those  　　　　　　　　.  ②尽管遭受如此严重的自然灾害,但只要不灰心,我们终会克服困难。 Although 　　　　　　　　 such a serious natural disaster,we’ll eventually overcome the difficulty as long as we don’t lose heart.  答案:①suffering from the floods　②we are suffering 10.supply n.供应(量);补给;[pl.]补给品vt.供应;供给 Low-priced goods of good quality are always in short supply. 物美价廉的商品总是供不应求。 The government has supplied plenty of food and clothes to the local people since the earthquake occurred. →The government has supplied the local people with plenty of food and clothes since the earthquake occurred. 政府在地震发生后已经向当地人民提供了大量的食物和衣服。 归纳拓展 ·in short supply 供应不足 ·supply sth to sb向某人提供某物 supply sb with sth给某人供应某物 表示“给某人提供某物”的其他表达: provide sb with sth=provide sth for sb offer sb sth=offer sth to sb (1)一句多译 这个图书馆非常大,可以提供你需要的各种书籍。 ①This library is very large and can 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 that you need.  ②This library is very large and can　　　　　　　　　 that you need 　　　 you.  (2)填空 ③I want to know the reason why the fresh fruit is 　　　　 short supply in this area.  ④Food 　　　　 (supply) in the flood-hit area are running out.  答案:(1)①supply you with all kinds of books②supply all kinds of books;to　(2)③in　④supplies 11.survive vi.生存;存活vt.幸存;艰难度过 survivor n.幸存者;生还者survival n.幸存;残存物 Had she managed to find her way back home,or was she still out there somewhere struggling to survive? 她是已经找到了回家的路还是仍然在某个地方努力地生存呢? She survived her husband by ten years,which can be owing to her healthy lifestyle. 她比她丈夫多活了十年,这可能得益于她健康的生活方式。 归纳拓展 survive sth幸免于/从……中挺过来/活过来 survive from...从……存活下来 survive on...依靠……生存下来 A survive B by...A比B活得长…… (1)写出下列句中survive的含义 ①The traveller trapped in the lonely island survived on the fish caught in the sea.　　　　　　　  ②He was very lucky that he didn’t starve to death,and survived the cold winter.　　　　　　　  ③The old lady has survived her elder brother by ten years.　　　　　　　  (2)完成句子 ④据我所知,他在沙漠里靠一瓶水活了下来。 As far as I know,he 　　　　　　　　 a bottle of water in the desert.  答案:(1)①生存;存活　②艰难度过　③比……活得长　(2)④survived on 课文聚焦 一、原文呈现： Describe a natural disaster 1.Work in pairs. Discuss what can happen to a city during a big earthquake. 2.Look at the title and photo below and guess what the text is about. Then read and check if you are right. THE NIGHT THE EARTHDIDN’T SLEEP（［修辞手法］拟人） Strange things were happening in the countryside of northeastern Hebei. For several days, the water in the village wells①rose and fell②, rose and fell. There were deep cracks③ that appearedin the well walls（that引导的定语从句，修饰先行词cracks，that在从句中作主语。）. At least one well had some smelly gas④ coming out of it（动词-ing短语作后置定语，修饰gas。）. Chickens and even pigs were too nervous to eat ( too...to... 太……而不能……),and dogs refused to go inside buildings. Mice ran out of the fields looking for places to hide（动词-ing短语作伴随状语，Mice与look for之间为逻辑上的主谓关系。）, and fish jumped out of the water. At about 3:00 a.m., on 28 July 1976, bright lights were seen in the sky outside the city of Tangshan and loud noises were heard. But the city’s one million people were asleep as usual⑤ that night. At 3:42 a.m., everything began to shake. It seemed as if ⑥ the world were coming to an end⑦ ！（［句型］It seemed as if...表示"看起来好像……"，as if引导表语从句，该从句使用了虚拟语气（从句中be动词的过去式通常用were而不是was））。Eleven kilometres directly below ⑧ the city, one of the most deadly⑨ earthquakes of the 20th century had begun, a quake that even caused damage more than 150 kilometres away in Beijing.【1】Nearly one third⑩ of the whole nation felt it! A huge crack, eight kilometres long and 30 metres wide（两个并列的形容词短语作后置定语,修饰crack）, cut across⑪houses, roads, and waterways​^⑫ . Hard hills of rock became rivers of dirt. （［修辞手法］此处使用了隐喻（metaphor）的修辞方法，将泥石流比喻成河流。使用隐喻时，我们通常把被描写的事物比喻成与之相似的事物，但不在句子中使用like,as等表示"像"的词语。）In less than one minute, a large city lay in ruins⑬ . Two thirds of the people who lived there（"分数+of+名词"作主语时，谓语动词的 数与名词的数保持一致。此处were与people的数保持一致。） were （who引导的定语从句，修饰先行词people， who在从句中作主语。） dead or injured. Thousands of children were left. .. .without parents.（"leave+宾语+宾补"结构的被动形式） The number of​⑭ people who were killed or badly injured in the quake（［思考］此处who引导什么类型的从句呢？） was more than 400,000. Everywhere survivors⑮ looked, （Everywhere作连词，引导地点状语从句。） there was nothing but ruins（［句型］There was/is nothing but...表示"除了……之外，什么都没有"或"无一不是……"。but是介词，表示"除……之外"。）. Nearly everything in the city was destroyed. About 75 percent⑯ of the city’s factories and buildings, 90 percent of its homes, and all of its hospitals were gone⑰. Bricks⑱ covered the ground like red autumn leaves（［修辞手法］此处使用了明喻（simile）的修辞方法。明喻不同于隐喻，它直接在句子中使用like,as,as...as...等表示"像"的词语或结构，来明确地比喻和描述。）, but no wind could blow them away.. .Most bridges had fallen or . .were not safe. .to cross. （［句型］主语+be+adj. （+for sb.） +动词不定式）The railway tracks were now useless⑲ pieces of metal⑳ . Tens of thousands of cows,hundreds of thousands of pigs, and millions of chickens were dead. Sand now filled the wells instead of water. People were in shock㉑ —and then, later that afternoon, another big quake shook Tangshan again. Even more buildings fell down. Water, food, and electricity㉒ were hard to get.（［思考］此处使用了什么句型呢？） People began to wonder how long the disaster would last（how引导的宾语从句，作wonder 的宾语。）. But hope was not lost. Soon after the quakes, the army sent 150,000 soldiers to Tangshan to dig out㉓ those who were trapped㉔ and to bury㉕ the dead㉖ （两个并列的动词不定式短语作宾语补语，其中who引导定语从句，从句修饰先行词those。先行词为those且指人时，定语从句常用who引导。）. More than 10,000 doctors and nurses came to provide medical care㉗ . Workers built shelters for survivors whose homes had been destroyed（whose引导的定语从句，修饰先行词survivors，whose 在从句中作定语修饰homes。）. Hundreds of thousands of people were helped. Water and food were brought into the city by train, truck, and plane. Slowly, the city began to breathe㉘ again.（［修辞手法］此处使用了拟人（personification）的修辞方法，把事物人格化，将事物变得和人一样，会做出动作或拥有感情。） Tangshan started to revive㉙ itself and get back up on its feet㉚ . （［修辞手法］拟人）With strong support from the government and the tireless efforts㉛ of the city’s people, a new Tangshan was built upon㉜ the earthquake ruins. The new city has become a home to㉝ more than seven million people, with great improvements in transportation, industry, and environment. Tangshan city has proved to China and the rest of the world that​㉞ in times of㉟ disaster, people must unify㊱ and show the wisdom㊲ to stay positive㊳ and rebuild for a brighter future.【2】 二、课文研习： 1）课文翻译 地球的不眠之夜 河北省东北部的农村地区怪事连连。一连几天，村里的井水升升降降，起起伏伏，井壁上出现了深深的裂缝，至少有一口水井冒出臭气。鸡甚至猪都焦躁不安，不愿进食；狗拒绝进入屋内。老鼠跑到田外寻找藏身之所；鱼儿也跳出水面。1976年7月28日凌晨3：00左右，唐山城外的天空中出现了耀眼的亮光，接着又传出巨大的声响。然而，那天晚上，城里的百万居民仍像往常一样沉睡在梦乡。 凌晨3:42，万物开始摇晃，仿佛世界末日即将来临！在城市正下方的11千米处，20世纪伤亡最严重的地震之一爆发了，远在150多千米以外的北京都受到了这场地震的破坏，全国近三分之一的地区均有震感! 一条8千米长、30米宽的巨大裂缝横切房屋、道路和水路。坚硬的石山变成了泥石流。在不到一分钟的时间里，一座大城市沦为废墟。城里三分之二的居民遇难或受伤，数以千计的孩子失去了父母。在此次地震中丧生或身受重伤的人数超过了40万。 幸存者目及之处无一不是废墟，城市里几乎万物尽毁。全市大约75%的工厂和建筑、90%的住房和所有的医院都荡然无存了。砖块就像秋天的红叶覆盖着地面，但是却没有风能将其吹走。大多数桥梁坍塌或无法安全通行；铁轨变成了废金属块；数万头奶牛、数十万头猪和数百万只鸡也都死掉了。井中满是沙子而非井水。人们惊恐万状，然而临近傍晚时分，又一场强烈的地震侵袭了唐山。更多的楼房倒塌了，水、食物和电都难以获取。人们开始疑惑这场灾难将会持续多久。然而，希望尚存。地震发生后不久，部队派出了15万名士兵奔赴唐山，将受困群众从废墟中挖出来，并掩埋了死者。上万名医护人员赶到现场，救死扶伤。工人们为那些家园被毁的幸存者盖起了庇护所。数十万人获得了帮助。火车、卡车和飞机给城市运来了食物和饮用水。慢慢地，这座城市又开始恢复了生机。 唐山重新站起来并获得了新生。在政府的大力支持以及市民的不懈努力下，一座新的唐山在地震废墟上被建立起来。这座新的城市已经成为700多万人的家园，交通、工业和环境都得到了巨大的改善。唐山向中国以及全世界证明，在灾难发生之际，人们必须团结一致，展现智慧，保持积极乐观的心态，重建一个更为璀璨的未来。 2） 课文语篇结构 【答案】1.Signs 2.Strange things 3.The rescue work 4.revival 3） 重难句式 1. Chickens and even pigs were too nervous to eat, and dogs refused to go inside buildings. 鸡甚至连猪都太紧张而不能吃东西，狗也不愿意进屋里去。 2. Soon after the quakes, the army sent 150,000 soldiers to Tangshan to dig out those who were trapped and to bury the dead. 地震刚刚过去，部队派出了15万名战士奔赴唐山，将受困群众从废墟中挖出，并掩埋死者。 3. The most powerful earthquake in the past 40 years caused a tsunami that crashed into coastlines across Asia yesterday, killing more than 6,500 people in Indonesia, India, Thailand, Malaysia, and at least four other countries. 过去40年来最强的一次地震引起的海啸昨天登陆了亚洲海岸，造成印度尼西亚、印度、泰国、马来西亚以及其他至少四个国家的6,500多人死亡。 4. I was having breakfast with my three children when water started filling my home. 我正和我的三个孩子一起吃早饭，突然海水开始灌到我家。 5. However, dangerous conditions and damaged roads will make it difficult to deliver food and supplies. 然而，危险的状况以及受损的道路将会使得运送食物和物资变得困难。 6. It seemed as if the world were coming to an end! 仿佛世界末日即将来临！ 学以致用 一、单词拼写 1.The eruption of this _________ (火山)would be destructive. 2.The rising price of fuel is largely a result of an independence between _______(供应) and demand. 3.They escaped through an __________(紧急)exit and called the police. 4.If you choose an article in French ,please still write your ___________(概要). 5.I tried to persuade him , but with little or no __________(效果). 6.The president will _____________(发表) a speech on education. 7.My mother often reminds me ,“Stay_____________(镇静)”,and I need that advice frequently. 8.Mary __________(轻拍)her forehead and looked annoyed with herself. 9.In the Pacific such storms are called cyclones(旋风),while in the Atlantic are typically called ________(飓风). 10.The plane _________(坠毁)mysteriously near the island. 1. volcano 2.supply 3. emergency 4. summary 5.effect 6.deliver 7.calm 8.tapped 9.hurricanes 10.crashed 二、课文语法填空 Strange things happened before the Tangshan earthquake. For several days on end, the water in the village wells 　1　(rise) and fell. The well walls had deep cracks. Chickens and pigs were too nervous 　2　(eat). At 3:42 on the morning of 28 July, 1976, everything began to shake. 　3　 seemed as if the world were coming to an end! Nearly one third of China felt the power of the quake. Hard hills of rock became rivers of dirt. Within one minute, 　4　 whole city lay in ruins—almost everything was destroyed. Two thirds of people there died or got 　5　(injure). People were 　6　(shock) at this and what was worse, then another big quake hit Tangshan again. People got into deep trouble, 　7　(wonder) how long the disaster would last. The army organized teams to dig out those 　8　 were trapped and to bury the dead. Workers built shelters for 　9　(survivor). Fresh water was taken to the city. Gradually, the city began to breathe again. With effective support from the government and the tireless efforts of the city's people, a new Tangshan was 　10　(final) built on the earthquake ruins.   1.　　　　　　2.　　　　　　3.　　　　　　4.　　　　　　5.　　　　　   6.　　　　　　7.　　　　　　8.　　　　　　9.　　　　　　10.　　　　　   1.【答案】rose　 【解析】考查动词的时态。根据上一句中的before the Tangshan earthquake可知,此处讲的是唐山大地震前的情况,为过去发生的事情,需用一般过去时,故填rose。 2.【答案】to eat　 【解析】考查不定式。句意:鸡和猪都紧张得吃不下东西。too...to do...意为“太……而不能做……”,故此处需填不定式作结果状语。故填to eat。 3.【答案】It　 【解析】考查代词。It seems/seemed as if...表示“似乎/好像……”。故填It。句意:好像世界末日就要到了! 4.【答案】the　 【解析】考查冠词。句意:不到一分钟,整个城市就成了一片废墟……。此处特指唐山这个城市,需要在whole前加定冠词the。 5.【答案】injured　 【解析】考查过去分词。get injured意为“受伤”。故填injured。 6.【答案】shocked　 【解析】考查形容词。主语为People,设空处作表语,故用形容词shocked。be shocked at...意为“对……感到震惊”。 7.【答案】wondering　 【解析】考查现在分词。句意:人们深陷困境,想知道这场灾难要持续多久。设空处前面已有谓语got into,且逗号后无连词,故设空处应为非谓语动词。wonder与其逻辑主语People之间为主动关系,故用现在分词作伴随状语。 8.【答案】who/that　 【解析】考查定语从句。设空处无提示词,前面为代词those,“　8　 were trapped”中缺主语(设空处后面为谓语),且将前面的those作为主语代入后面意思合理,故推测设空处引导定语从句且在从句中充当主语,指代先行词those,指人,故填who或that。   9.【答案】survivors　 【解析】考查名词复数。survivor意为“幸存者”,为可数名词,空前没有限定词,所以用复数形式。故填survivors。 10.【答案】finally　 【解析】考查副词。设空处位于谓语中间,提示词是形容词,所以用副词作状语,故填finally。 三、完成句子 1.为了有一个健康的饮食,我开始学习如何包饺子。(effort) 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　, I set out to learn how to make dumplings.   2.她的头发越发灰白了,就像盖上了霜和雪。(as if) Her hair grew greyer and greyer, and it seemed 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 frost and snow.(读后续写—外貌描写)   3.The two countries are at war and the shelters are not big enough to accommodate all the children.(句型转换) →The two countries are at war and the shelters are 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 all the children.(too...to...)   →The two countries are at war and the shelters are 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 all the children.(so...that...)　  【答案】1.In an effort to have a healthy diet　2.as if it were covered with　3.too small to accommodate;so small that they can't accommodate 1 / 12 zxxk.com 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $