Unit 3 Choices 语法(关系代词引导的定语从句)讲解 导学案-2026-2027学年沪教版英语必修第一册暑假衔接

Unit3 Choices语法讲解与练习 关系代词引导定语从句讲解 核心概念 定语从句：修饰名词/代词（先行词）的从句，放在先行词后； 关系代词连接主句与从句，同时在从句中充当主语/宾语/定语。 关系代词五核心：that /which/who /whom/whose 1. who 先行词是人，从句作主语 结构：人 + who + 从句谓语 例句： The girl who helped me is my deskmate. （帮我的那个女孩是我同桌。who 指代 the girl，从句主语） Anyone who breaks the rule will be punished. （任何违反规则的人都会受处罚。） 2. whom 先行词是人，从句作宾语（可省略） 结构：人+ whom +从句主语 例句： The volunteer whom we met yesterday works in the community. （我们昨天见到的志愿者在社区工作。whom 作 met 宾语，可删） The teacher whom you are looking for has left. 3. which 先行词是物，从句作主 / 宾 作主语：物 + which + 谓语 This is the choice which matters most to us. （这是对我们最重要的选择。which 指代 choice，主语） 作宾语：物 + which + 主语（可省略） The plan which we discussed is practical. 4. that 人/物均可，作主/宾 ✅ 通用场景，限定性从句常用； ❌ 不能用于介词后、非限制性定语从句 例句： The book that lies on the desk talks about life choices.（物，主语） The boy that you interviewed is a freshman.（人，宾语） 5. whose 表所属，“…… 的”，人/物都能用，从句作定语 结构：先行词 + whose + 名词 例句： The student whose dream is to be a doctor values every choice.（人的） I bought a notebook whose cover is blue.（物的） 关键特殊规则（考试高频难点） 1.只用 that，不用which 的情况 ① 先行词有人+物： He talked about the teachers and schools that he visited. ② 先行词有序数词、最高级： This is the hardest decision that I have ever made. ③ 先行词 all, everything, nothing, something 等不定代词： Everything that he said is true. 2.只用 which，不用 that ① 介词提前：This is the problem about which we argued. ② 非限制性定语从句（逗号隔开）： The film, which I watched last week, is inspiring. 3.关系代词省略条件：只在从句中作宾语时可省略；作主语绝对不能省。 4.主谓一致：从句谓语单复数跟随先行词 The choices that influence our life are worth thinking twice. （先行词 choices 复数，谓语 are） 单元主题配套长难例句 1.Those who hesitate before making choices often avoid silly mistakes. 2.The career which you pick will shape your future. 3.The young man whose choice surprised everyone won the competition. 4.All that you need is courage to stick to your decision. 5.The opportunity that came last month changed my whole plan. 【配套练习题】 第一大题：用合适的关系代词填空（that /which/who /whom/whose） 1.The boy ______ studies hard is good at making wise choices. 2.The plan ______ was talked about at the meeting needs to be improved. 3.Anyone ______ wastes time will regret later. 4.The laptop ______ cover is broken belongs to my roommate. 5.The advice ______ you gave me saved me from a wrong choice. 6.All ______ matters is whether you stick to your goal. 7.The volunteer ______ we helped yesterday shared his experience. 8.This is the most difficult decision ______ I have ever made. 9.The job ______ offers high salary requires lots of patience. 10.People ______ value freedom always think twice before choosing. 11.The novel ______ plot is about life choices is popular. 12.Nothing ______ he said could change my mind. 13.The teacher ______ praised me encouraged me to follow my dream. 14.The ticket ______ we bought has expired already. 15.The girl ______ mother is a professor majors in psychology. 16.The first choice ______ came to my mind was to give up. 17.The pen ______ lies on the floor is mine. 18.The travellers ______ we met on the road exchanged their stories. 19.Everything ______ happens teaches us how to choose properly. 20.The company ______ policy focuses on young people’s development attracts me. 第二大题：单项选择 1.The person ______ you trust will affect your decisions. A. which B. whom C. whose D. what 2.This is the best chance ______ we can’t miss. A. which B. who C. that D. whose 3.The girl ______ bag was lost asked for help. A. who B. whom C. whose D. which 4.The career ______ suits you brings you happiness. A. which B. whose C. who D. whom 5.All ______ he suggested is helpful for our choices. A. which B. that C. what D. when 6.I will never forget the teacher ______ guided me to make right choices. A. which B. whom C. who D. whose 7.The book ______ we read talks about teenage choices. A. whose B. whom C. which D. who 8.There is nothing ______ can stop me from sticking to my choice. A. which B. that C. who D. whose 9.The boy ______ we interviewed gave us valuable advice. A. whom B. whose C. which D. what 10.The factory ______ workers are all young people produces educational books. A. who B. whom C. whose D. which 11.The first step ______ we should take is to think carefully. A. which B. that C. who D. whose 12.Anyone ______ ignores small choices will face big troubles. A. which B. whom C. who D. whose 13.The film, ______ I watched last night, tells us to respect our own choices. A. that B. which C. who D. whose 14.The notebook ______ cover is black records all my important decisions. A. who B. whom C. whose D. which 15.The people and things ______ you saw yesterday are related to career choices. A. which B. who C. that D. whose 16.The opportunity ______ appears once in a lifetime should be valued. A. who B. which C. whose D. whom 17.The classmate ______ I share ideas with has similar life goals. A. whose B. whom C. which D. what 18.This is the worst choice ______ I have ever made in my life. A. that B. which C. who D. whose 19.The expert ______ speech we listened to studies youth decision-making. A. who B. whom C. whose D. which 20.The plan about ______ we argued finally turned out perfect. A. that B. which C. who D. whose 第三大题：汉译英 1.那个敢于追随自己选择的男孩赢得了所有人的尊重。 __________________________________________________________ 2.这本讲述人生抉择的书值得反复阅读。 __________________________________________________________ 3.我永远不会忘记那位指引我做出职业选择的老师。 __________________________________________________________ 4.所有能帮助我们理性做决定的建议都值得听取。 __________________________________________________________ 5.封面印着 “选择” 二字的笔记本是我的。 __________________________________________________________ 6.我们昨天讨论的那个机会十分难得。 __________________________________________________________ 7.任何忽视自身内心想法的人都会做出错误选择。 __________________________________________________________ 8.这是我面临过最艰难的一次抉择。 __________________________________________________________ 9.他提到的人和事都和青少年的成长有关。 __________________________________________________________ 10.我们为之争论的方案最终被学校采纳了。 __________________________________________________________ Keys 1、 词形填空答案 1.who 2.which / that 3.who 4.whose 5.that / which 6.that 7.whom / who / that 8.that 9.which / that 10.who 11.whose 12.that 13.who 14.which / that 15.whose 16.that 17.which / that 18.whom / who / that 19.that 20.whose 二、单项选择答案 1.B 2.C 3.C 4.A 5.B 6.C 7.C 8.B 9.A 10.C 11.B 12.C 13.B 14.C 15.C 16.B 17.B 18.A 19.C 20.B 三、汉译英标准答案 1.The boy who dares to follow his own choices wins respect from everyone. 2.The book which talks about life choices is worth reading again and again. 3.I will never forget the teacher who guided me to make career choices. 4.All the advice that can help us make decisions rationally is worth listening to. 5.The notebook whose cover is printed with the word "Choices" is mine. 6.The opportunity which we discussed yesterday is extremely rare. 7.Anyone who ignores his inner thoughts will make wrong choices. 8.This is the hardest choice that I have ever faced. 9.The people and things that he mentioned are related to teenagers' growth. 10.The plan about which we argued was finally adopted by the school. 2 / 2 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $